ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in unprecedented changes in the lives of humans and their companion animals, impacting their daily routines, social interactions, and stress levels. This study investigates the effect of pandemic-related restrictions, including limited time outside and changes in owner habits, on the stress indicators of 34 dogs and 29 cats. Cortisol levels, total leukocyte counts, eosinophil counts, and behavioral changes have been analyzed to assess how these species are differentially affected by the altered environment and human interactions during the pandemic. The study revealed important behavioral changes in cats while the biochemical and hematological parameters were considerably affected in dogs. Our findings shed light on the unique stress experiences of dogs and cats and underscore the importance of considering individualized strategies for managing their well-being during extraordinary circumstances. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 animals routines levels pandemicrelated related restrictions habits 3 2 counts wellbeing well being circumstances COVID1 1 COVID-

RESUMO A pandemia da covid-19 marcou o início de mudanças sem precedentes na vida dos seres humanos e dos seus animais de companhia, impactando as suas rotinas diárias, as interações sociais e os níveis de estresse. Este estudo investiga o efeito das restrições relacionadas à pandemia, incluindo tempo limitado fora de casa e mudanças nos hábitos dos proprietários, nos indicadores de estresse de 34 cães e 29 gatos. Os níveis de cortisol, a contagem total de leucócitos, a contagem de eosinófilos e as mudanças comportamentais foram analisados para avaliar como essas espécies são diferentemente afetadas pelo ambiente alterado e pelas interações humanas durante a pandemia. O estudo revelou importantes alterações comportamentais em gatos, enquanto os parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos foram consideravelmente afetados em cães. As descobertas esclarecem as experiências únicas de estresse de cães e gatos e sublinham a importância de considerar estratégias individualizadas para gerir o bem-estar deles durante circunstâncias extraordinárias. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 companhia diárias proprietários 3 2 cortisol leucócitos bemestar bem estar extraordinárias covid1 1 covid-

Résumé Cette étude qualitative a examiné l’expérience de cohabitation de huit jeunes couples adultes pendant la pandémie et ses répercussions sur la vie conjugale. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés, six face-à-face et deux en ligne, auprès de couples hétérosexuels sans enfants vivant ensemble depuis moins de trois ans. L’analyse thématique réflexive a dégagé trois thèmes: les défis et difficultés liés à la pandémie, le lien du couple, les acquis et les enseignements. Des niveaux accrus de stress, d’insécurité et d’anxiété, des sentiments de surcharge et de privation dus aux mesures de distanciation sociale, des difficultés à délimiter les espaces individuels chez eux et une augmentation des conflits conjugaux sont les principaux défis signalés. Cependant, la capacité à faire face ensemble à ces défis a permis d’accroître l’intimité et de renforcer le lien conjugal, générant ainsi un plus grand engagement du couple. Ces résultats illustrent l’impact que les pandémies peuvent avoir sur les relations au début de la cohabitation. lexpérience l expérience conjugale semidirectifs semi directifs réalisés faceàface ligne ans Lanalyse L analyse thèmes couple enseignements stress dinsécurité d insécurité danxiété, danxiété anxiété, anxiété d’anxiété sociale signalés Cependant daccroître accroître lintimité intimité conjugal limpact impact

Resumen Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender las experiencias de ocho parejas de adultos jóvenes en cohabitación en el transcurso de la pandemia del covid-19 y sus repercusiones en la vida conyugal. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, seis presenciales y dos en línea, con parejas heterosexuales, sin hijos, que vivían en cohabitación hace menos de tres años. El análisis temático reflexivo generó tres temas: desafíos y dificultades en la pandemia, acercamiento entre la pareja, conquistas y aprendizajes. El aumento de los niveles de estrés, inseguridad y ansiedad, los sentimientos de sobrecarga y privación por las medidas de distanciamiento social, las dificultades para delimitar los espacios individuales dentro del hogar y el aumento de los conflictos conyugales fueron los principales desafíos informados. Además, afrontar estos desafíos de forma colaborativa redundó en mayor intimidad y en el fortalecimiento del vínculo conyugal, repercutiendo en el aumento del compromiso con la relación. Estos resultados muestran cómo el contexto pandémico puede impactar el comienzo de la convivencia de las relaciones de pareja. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 conyugal semiestructuradas línea heterosexuales hijos años temas pareja aprendizajes estrés ansiedad social informados Además relación covid1 1 covid-

Abstract This qualitative study investigated the cohabitation experience of eight young adult couples during in the pandemic and its repercussions on marital life. Semi structured interviews were conducted, six in-person and two online, with childfree heterosexual couples living together for less than three years. The reflexive thematic analysis generated three themes: pandemic-related challenges and difficulties, couple bonding, gains and learnings. Increased levels of stress, insecurity and anxiety, a sense of of overload and deprivation due to social distancing measures, difficulties in delimiting individual spaces within the home and an increase in marital conflicts were the main challenges reported. Conversely, the ability to collaboratively cope with these challenges resulted in more intimacy and strengthened the marital bond, generating greater couple commitment. These findings illustrate how pandemics can impact relationships during the beginning of cohabitation. life conducted inperson person online years themes pandemicrelated related bonding learnings stress anxiety measures reported Conversely bond commitment

Resumo Este estudo qualitativo visou compreender a experiência de oito casais de adultos jovens em coabitação durante a pandemia de covid-19 e as repercussões do período na vida conjugal. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, seis presenciais e duas online, com casais heterossexuais, sem filhos, que coabitavam há menos de três anos. A análise temática reflexiva gerou três temas: desafios e dificuldades na pandemia; aproximação entre o casal; ganhos e aprendizados. Níveis aumentados de estresse, insegurança e ansiedade, sensação de sobrecarga e de privação devido às medidas de distanciamento social, dificuldades na delimitação dos espaços individuais dentro de casa e aumento nos conflitos conjugais foram os principais desafios relatados. Apesar disso, o enfrentamento colaborativo resultou em maior intimidade e no fortalecimento do vínculo conjugal, aumentando o compromisso com a relação. Tais resultados ilustram como um contexto pandêmico pode impactar relacionamentos durante o início da coabitação. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 conjugal semiestruturadas online heterossexuais filhos anos temas casal aprendizados estresse ansiedade social relatados disso relação covid1 1 covid-

Resumen El COVID-19 ha provocado consecuencias negativas en la salud mental de los docentes, especialmente ante la instrumentación de un regreso gradual a actividades presenciales. El objetivo del estudio fue validar la estructura factorial de los instrumentos: escala de preocupación por el contagio de la COVID-19 (EPCov-19), escala de estrés percibido relacionado con la pandemia de COVID-19 (EEP-10-C) y escala de fatalismo ante la posibilidad de contagio por el coronavirus (F-COVID-19) en docentes mexicanos del nivel medio superior, superior y posgrado. Participaron 276 docentes de diferentes estados de México, de entre 24 y 77 años (M = 46.88; DE = 10.62), quienes respondieron una ficha de identificación, además de las escalas EPCov-19, EEP-10-C y F-COVID-19. La validez de constructo de las escalas se calculó a través de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, previo a estos, se llevó a cabo un análisis paralelo. La consistencia interna se obtuvo mediante α de Cronbach y ω de McDonald. Se detectó que cada una de las escalas posee una estructura unifactorial, que explican entre el 53 % y 78 % de la varianza y poseen una consistencia interna de elevada a muy elevada. Las escalas presentan adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y pueden ser utilizadas en docentes mexicanos.

Abstract COVID-19 has shown negative consequences on the mental health of teachers, especially because of the implementation of a gradual return to mostly face-to-face activities. The objective of the study was to identify the factorial structure of the instruments: COVID-19 Concern Scale (EPCov-19), Pandemic-Related Perceived Stress Scale of Covid-19 (EEP-10-C), and the Fatalism by COVID-19 Scale (F-COVID-19) in Mexican teachers at high school, higher and postgraduate levels. Method. 276 teachers from different states of Mexico, from 24 to 77 years old participated (M = 46.88; SD = 10.62) who answered an identification form, the EPCov-19, EEP-10-C and F-COVID-19. The construct validity of the scales was calculated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, prior to these, a parallel analysis was carried out. Internal consistency was obtained using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω. Results. It was detected that each of the scales has a unifactorial structure, which explains between 53% and 78% of the variance and has a high to very high internal consistency. Conclusions. The scales have adequate psychometric properties and can be used in Mexican teachers.

Objectives: There is growing interest in examining the impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on adolescent socioemotional development. This study aimed to examine changes in adolescent emotion regulation (ER), self-esteem (SE), and locus of control (LoC) from before to during the pandemic in a Brazilian birth cohort, and to investigate the variables associated with changes in those socioemotional competences. Methods: 1,949 adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort were assessed before (T1, November 2019 to March 2020) and during (T2, August to December 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic (mean ages [SD] = 15.69 [0.19] and 17.41 [0.26], respectively). Adolescents’ socioemotional competences were assessed, including ER, SE, and LoC. Sociodemographic, pre-pandemic, and pandemic-related correlates were examined as predictors of change. Multivariate latent change score models were used in the analyses. Results: There were significant mean increases in adolescents’ ER and SE (mean ER = 1.918, p < 0.001; mean SE = 1.561, p = 0.001) and a significant mean decrease (towards internalization) in LoC levels (MLoC = -0.497, p < 0.01) during the pandemic. Factors that predicted a lower competency increase included family conflicts, harsh parenting, and maternal depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Conclusion: Despite the stress imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adolescents of this cohort showed positive development in their socioemotional competences. Family-related factors emerged as important predictors of adolescent socioemotional adjustment during the study period. Objectives 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 , (ER) selfesteem self esteem (SE) (LoC Methods 1949 1 949 1,94 200 T1, T1 T (T1 2020 T2, T2 (T2 2021 COVID-1 SD [SD 1569 15 69 15.6 0.19 019 0 [0.19 1741 17 41 17.4 0.26, 026 0.26 26 [0.26] respectively. respectively . respectively) Adolescents Sociodemographic prepandemic, prepandemic pre pre-pandemic pandemicrelated related analyses Results 1918 918 1.918 0.001 0001 001 1561 561 1.561 towards internalization MLoC 0.497, 0497 497 -0.497 0.01 01 conflicts parenting Conclusion Familyrelated Family period 20 COVID1 (COVID-1 (ER (SE 194 94 1,9 (T 202 COVID- 156 6 15. 0.1 [0.1 174 4 17. 02 0.2 2 [0.26 191 91 1.91 0.00 000 00 56 1.56 0.497 049 49 -0.49 0.0 (COVID- 9 1, 0. [0. [0.2 1.9 5 1.5 0.49 04 -0.4 (COVID [0 1. 0.4 -0. [ -0 -

RESUMEN La salud mental es fundamental para el bienestar en tiempos de crisis y antecedentes demuestran que el personal de enfermería es un grupo de riesgo. La investigación buscó determinar las condiciones de salud mental de los enfermeros y los factores relacionados en la pandemia del Covid-19, afiliados al Hospital Psiquiátrico de Asunción, en noviembre del 2020. El diseño fue cuantitativo, descriptivo con componente analítico, una población de 108 profesionales, el muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicó una encuesta por medio de un formulario electrónico con tres apartados: a). factores sociodemográficos, ocupacionales y relacionados a la pandemia, b). escala DASS-21 y c). escala Atenas de Insomnio. El enlace fue socializado vía correo electrónico y WhatsApp. Los principales resultados fueron: según DASS-21: 21.3% presentó depresión, 29.6% ansiedad y 24 % estrés. En la escala Atenas 35.2% presentó insomnio. En general 43.51% han presentado al menos 1 problema de salud mental. Finalmente se concluye que con respecto a los factores sociodemográficos y ocupacionales existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre puntuaciones de depresión, estrés e insomnio con la cantidad de vínculos laborales. Puntuaciones de ansiedad se asociaron con el sexo, estado civil, y la antigüedad. Por otra parte, entre los factores relacionados a la pandemia, puntuaciones de depresión, ansiedad e insomnio se asociaron con rechazo social y discriminación percibida. Específicamente, la ansiedad está asociada a la presencia de factor de riesgo familiar, el estrés con el apoyo familiar y el insomnio con el contacto con personas con COVID y factores de riesgos personales.

ABSTRACT Mental health is essential for well-being in times of crisis and previous reports demonstrate that nursing staff is an at-risk group. The investigation was carried out to determine the conditions of mental health of nurses and associated factors during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Asunción Psychiatric Hospital in November, 2020. The design was quantitative, descriptive with an analytical component, a population of 108 professionals, and sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience. A survey was applied using an electronic form with three sections: a) sociodemographic, occupational, and pandemic-related factors, b) the DASS-21 scale, and c) the Athens Insomnia Scale. The link was socialized via email and WhatsApp. The main results were: according to DAAS-21: 21.3% presented depression, 29.6% anxiety and 24% stress. On the Athens scale, 35.2% had insomnia. In general, 43.51% of the sample presented at least one mental health problem. Finally, it was concluded that concerning sociodemographic and occupational factors, there was a statistically significant association between depression, stress, and insomnia scores and the number of work ties. Anxiety scores were associated with sex, marital status, and seniority. Moreover, among pandemic-related factors, depression, anxiety, and insomnia scores were associated with social rejection and perceived discrimination. Specifically, anxiety was associated with the presence of family risk factor, stress with family support, and insomnia with contact with people with COVID, and personal risk factors.

Aim To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported depressive symptoms in undergraduate and graduate dental students. Methods The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was applied, and only the depression domain was verified. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, behavioral, and COVID-19 pandemic-related fear variables. Academic performance was assessed based on academic records, ranging from 0 (worst possible grade) to 10 (best possible grade). Respondents included 408 regularly enrolled dental students. Bi- and multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance to verify the association between at least moderate depressive symptoms and independent variables. Results The prevalence of at least moderate depression was 40.5% among undergraduate students and 26% among graduate students. The prevalence of fear and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic was 96.1% among undergraduate students and 93.5% among graduate students. In the final multivariate analysis, being female (prevalence ratio [PR]:2.01; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]:1.36–2.96) was associated with a higher PR for depression. Conversely, no exposure to smoking (PR:0.54; 95%CI:0.36–0.82) and a final academic performance average ≥7.0 (PR:0.56; 95%CI:0.41–0.76) was associated with a lower PR for depression. Finally, among graduate students, a non-heterosexual orientation was associated with a higher PR for depression (PR:6.70; 95%CI:2.21–20.29). Conclusion Higher rates of depression symptoms were observed in female undergraduates, students with lower academic performance and smoking exposure, and graduate dental students with a non-heterosexual orientation.

Abstract Objective. To evaluate a predictive model of posttraumatic symptomatology (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTC), which included psychological, pandemic-related, and online classroom-related variables, in higher education students during the pandemic. Method. A total of 552 students participated, 68.5% of whom were women. Instruments were applied to measure different psychological variables. Results. It was established that a model that included intrusive and deliberate rumination, subjective severity, emotional suppression, cognitive reappraisal, social support, adequate space to connect to online classes, and educational attainment significantly predicted PTS. Deliberate rumination, social support, cognitive reappraisal, and age predicted CPT. The relevance of these findings to the academic support that could be provided to students is discussed.

Resumen Objetivo. Evaluar un modelo predictivo de sintomatología postraumática (SPT) y de crecimiento postraumático (CPT), que incluía variables psicológicas, relacionadas con la pandemia y con las clases virtuales, en estudiantes de educación superior durante la pandemia. Método. Participaron 552 estudiantes cuya mayoría corresponde a un 68.5% de mujeres. Se aplicaron instrumentos para medir distintas variables psicológicas. Resultados. Se estableció que un modelo predictivo que incluía la rumiación intrusiva y deliberada, la severidad subjetiva, la supresión emocional, la revaluación cognitiva, el apoyo social, un espacio adecuado para conectarse a clases en línea y el nivel de estudios predecía en forma significativa la SPT. La rumiación deliberada, el apoyo social, la reevaluación cognitiva y la edad predecían el CPT. Se discute la relevancia de estos resultados para el apoyo que se podría brindar a los estudiantes.

Abstract The present study evaluates an online workshop, using an integrative therapy approach combining cognitive behavioral and solution focused therapy, to manage stress and fear of contagion of COVID-19. Ten people (1 man and 9 women) with an age range between 19 and 60 years old participated in a total of 5 weekly sessions. Results of the assessments (Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Coronavirus Psychological Impact Questionnaire and Pandemic-Related Perceived Stress Scale of COVID-19) showed a decrease in perceived stress and fear of COVID-19. The effect size found when comparing the initial and final scores supports the conclusion that the online workshop can be considered a good option to address issues of stress and fear.

Resumen El presente estudio evalúa un taller en línea basado en la terapia que integra el enfoque cognitivo-conductual y el centrado en soluciones para manejar el estrés y el miedo de contagio de COVID-19. Participaron 10 personas (1 hombre y 9 mujeres) de entre 19 y 60 años con un total de 5 sesiones semanales. Los resultados de las evaluaciones (escala de miedo al COVID-19, cuestionario de impacto psicológico del coronavirus y escala de estrés percibido relacionado con la pandemia de COVID-19) mostraron una disminución del estrés percibido y del miedo hacia el COVID-19. El tamaño del efecto encontrado al comparar los puntajes iniciales y finales respalda la conclusión de que el taller en línea puede considerarse una buena opción para tratar temas sobre estrés y miedo.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia de percepción de discriminación y su asociación con estrés laboral, ansiedad y miedo al COVID-19 en médicos generales colombianos. Métodos: Estudio transversal que perteneciente al proyecto Dinámicas Psicosociales Universitarias, con aval institucional de la Universidad de Cartagena. Un grupo de médicos generales colombianos fue invitado por redes sociales a diligenciar, los primeros cinco días de abril de2020, un formulario de Google Forms© con preguntas sobre miedo y opiniones respecto al COVID-19 con las herramientas Test de Estrés Laboral, Generalized Anxiety Disorder y Fear of COVID-19 Scale. El estudio fue anónimo y voluntario con aceptación de términos y consentimiento informado. Para el análisis de la información se conformaron dos grupos: con percepción de discriminación y sin percepción de discriminación, según respuesta a la pregunta "Haber tenido percepción de discriminación por su condición de médico". Se realizó regresión logística entre percepción de discriminación con ansiedad, estrés laboral y miedo al COVID-19. Resultados: Participaron 531 médicos colombianos, la mitad entre 20-30 años; 207 (39 %) informaron percepción de discriminación. La ansiedad, estrés y miedo relacionados con la pandemia y la labor profesional fueron altamente prevalentes y más frecuentes en el grupo con percepción de discriminación (p<0.05). La presencia y severidad de ansiedad, estrés y miedo al COVID-19 se asociaron con mayor presencia de percepción de discriminación, mientras que sentirse protegido por sus superiores laborales se asoció con menor percepción de discriminación. Conclusión: Dos de cada cinco participantes informaron PPD; fenómeno social que se asoció con ansiedad, estrés y miedo durante la pandemia por COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the frequency of perception of discrimination and its association with occupational stress, anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in Colombian general practitioners. Methods: Cross-sectional study that belongs to Dinámicas Psicosociales Universitarias project with institutional endorsement from the Universidad de Cartagena, Colombia. A group of Colombian general practitioners was invited by social networks to fill out, on the first five days of April-2020, a Google Forms © form with questions about fear and opinions regarding COVID-19 with the tools Test of Labor Stress, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The study was anonymous and voluntary with acceptance of terms and informed consent. For the analysis of the information, two groups were formed: with perception of discrimination and without perception of discrimination, according to the answer to the question "Having had perception of discrimination due to their condition as a physician". Logistic regression was performed between perception of discrimination with anxiety, occupational stress and fear of COVID-19. Results: 531 Colombian doctors participated, half between 20-30 years. 207 (39%) reported perceived discrimination. Pandemic-related anxiety, stress and fear and professional work were highly prevalent and more frequent in the group with perceived discrimination (p <0.05). The presence and severity of anxiety, stress and fear of COVID-19 were associated with a greater presence of discrimination perception, while feeling protected by their work superiors was associated with a lower perception of discrimination. Conclusion: Two out of five participants reported perception of discrimination, a social phenomenon that was associated with anxiety, stress and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic.