Abstract Introduction: The currents of streams and rivers are natural signals that influence the migrations in the life cycle of amphidromous shrimp. Objective: To evaluate the rheotaxis behavior in juveniles and adults of Macrobrachium tenellum, in relation to their response capacity to different water currentspeeds in a closed-loop experimental system. Methods: A PVC pipe system was used, with a tub for water recirculation and a backwater placed in the middle of the system. Water flows of 10-30 cm/s were tested to establish the experimental conditions. Rheotaxis behavior without backwater (SR) and with backwater (CR) was evaluated; three water flows were tested: FI, 14 cm/s; FII, 18.7 cm/s; and FIII, 22.1 cm/s, and a control FC flow, 0 cm/s, with 40 juveniles, 40 females and 40 males per flow. Three main behaviors were identified: positive rheotaxis, negative rheotaxis, and no reaction. Results: For both SR and CR, water flows stimulate positive rheotaxis and the behavioral response is different depending on the speed of the water flow and whether they are juveniles, females, or males. In CR there was a greater response of the prawns to continue swimming against the current when they entered the pool. At a straight angle, the constant flow of water greater than 23.2 cm/s makes it difficult for this species to swim against the current. Conclusions: The positive rheotaxis response was the most prevalent in juveniles, females, and males of M. tenellum.

Resumen Introducción: Las corrientes de arroyos y ríos son señales naturales que influencian las migraciones en el ciclo de vida de langostinos anfídromos. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de reotaxis en juveniles y adultos de Macrobrachium tenellum, con relación a su capacidad de respuesta a diferentes velocidades de flujos de corriente de agua en un sistema experimental de circuito cerrado. Métodos: Se utilizó un sistema de tubos PVC, con una tina para la recirculación del agua y un remanso colocado a la mitad del sistema. Se probaron flujos de agua de 10-30 cm/s para establecer las condiciones experimentales. Se evaluó el comportamiento de reotaxis sin remanso (SR) y con el remanso (CR); se probaron tres flujos de agua: FI, 14 cm/s; FII, 18.7 cm/s; y FIII, 22.1 cm/s, y un flujo control FC, 0 cm/s, con 40 juveniles, 40 hembras y 40 machos por flujo. Se identificaron tres comportamientos principales: reotaxis positiva, reotaxis negativa y sin reacción. Resultados: Tanto para SR como CR los flujos de agua estimulan mayormente la reotaxis positiva y la respuesta de comportamiento es diferente según la velocidad del flujo de agua y si son juveniles, hembras o machos. En CR hubo una mayor respuesta de los langostinos a seguir nadando en contra de la corriente cuando estos ingresaban al remanso. En un ángulo recto, el flujo de agua constante superior a 23.2 cm/s dificulta el nado contra corriente de esta especie. Conclusiones: La respuesta de reotaxis positiva fue la que mayor predominó en juveniles, hembras y machos de M. tenellum.

BACKGROUND. Medical schemes are required by the Medical Schemes Act No. 131 of 1998 to pay costs associated with the diagnosis, treatment, or care of a specified set of benefits known as Prescribed Minimum Benefits (PMBs). Medical scheme beneficiaries have the right to lodge complaints with the Council for Medical Schemes (CMS) when their claims are denied. OBJECTIVE. To determine and describe the pattern of PMB complaints received by the CMS from January 2014 to December 2018. METHODS. This was a cross-sectional study that utilised the CMS's clinical complaints database. Data for PMBs, complainants, medical scheme types, and reasons for payment denial were extracted. The CMS's lists of chronic conditions, PMBs, and registered schemes were used to confirm PMBs and to categorise schemes as either restricted (i.e. to members of specific organisations only) or open (i.e. to all South Africans). Extracted and coded data were analysed using SAS v.9.4 software. RESULTS. A total of 2 141 complaints were retrieved and 1 124 PMB complaints were included in the study. The median of PMB complaints per year was 225. Most of the complaints (43.6%, n=490/1 124) were lodged by members themselves. Non-communicable diseases constituted most of the PMB conditions that members complained about. Medicine and surgery were the services that were mostly denied full payment by medical schemes. Open medical schemes accounted for many (73.8%, n=830/1 124) of the complaints. CONCLUSION. Chronic conditions are the main diseases that medical scheme members complain about. Member education and clear definitions of PMBs should be prioritised by medical schemes and the CMS.

BACKGROUND. Complementary medicines (CMs) for infantile colic are widely available on the South African market, in various pharmacies and retail outlets, without the need for a prescription. Pharmacists therefore have an important role to play in educating patients about safe and appropriate use of CM products. OBJECTIVES. To investigate the perceptions and prescribing patterns of CMs for infantile colic by pharmacists and pharmacist assistants employed in the greater Johannesburg area. METHODS. We used a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey design. A total of 100 pharmacists and pharmacist assistants registered with the South African Pharmacy Council completed a pen-and-paper questionnaire. RESULTS. Many participants reported recommending both conventional and CMs for infantile colic and, overall, positive perceptions of CM were reported. Most participants agreed that they had a responsibility to counsel patients on the use of CM but felt that they needed to expand their own knowledge base. CONCLUSIONS. There appears to be a positive shift towards CM for the treatment of infantile colic; however, improved training is needed to ensure pharmacists and pharmacist assistants are better informed regarding CM products in order to give appropriate advice to patients.

Background: Presacral tumors are frequent entities with different etiologies, without an established surgical management or approach, having relatively little experience in management and follow-up and postoperative results. Objective: To report the result in a descriptive way of the management of this type of lesions in the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. Material and Method: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study of case series, analyzing the database of surgeries of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile in the last 15 years, excluding patients with bone tumors and operated by other units. Simple and descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. Results: 23 patients were operated on in the last 15 years, 12 transabdominally. 9 resolved by open fashion and 3 laparoscopically. The remaining 11 patients was resolved with posterior approach, being the kraske used in all patients. The average follow-up was 16 months with 4 patients showing recurrence. Conclusions: The presacral tumors represent a challenge in terms of diagnosis and surgical management, being the preoperative study with images plus physical examination, determinant in the surgical management of the same. We recommend considering transabdominal approaches in those tumors larger than 10 cm and in those that strongly suspect malignancy, which does not contraindicate the laparoscopic route. In case of subsequent management, never rule out incidental lesions of the rectum, so the intraoperatory anorectal examination should be the rule.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los tumores presacros son entidades frecuentes con diferentes etiologías, sin un abordaje quirúrgico establecido, habiendo relativamente poca experiencia en el manejo y en el seguimiento y resultados postoperatorios. Objetivo: Reportar el resultado en forma descriptiva del manejo de este tipo de lesiones en el hospital clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y de carácter retrospectivo, de serie de casos, analizando la base de datos de cirugías del Hospital clínico de la Universidad de Chile en los últimos 15 años, excluyendo a pacientes con tumores óseos y operados por otros equipos. Se utilizo estadística simple y descriptiva para el análisis. Resultados: Se operaron 23 pacientes en los últimos 15 años, 12 por vía transabdominal, 9 resuelto por vía abierta y 3 por vía laparoscópica. Los restantes 11 fueron resuelto con abordaje posterior, siendo el de kraske usado en todos los pacientes. El seguimiento promedio fue de 16 meses. 4 pacientes registraron recurrencia Conclusiones: Los tumores presacros representan un desafío en términos de diagnóstico y manejo quirúrgico, siendo el estudio preoperatorio con imágenes más examen físico, determinante en el manejo quirúrgico del mismo. Es de considerar abordajes transabdominales en aquellos tumores mayores de 10 cms y en aquellos que se sospeche, fuertemente, malignidad, lo que no contraindica la vía laparoscópica. En caso de abordaje posterior, siempre descartar lesiones incidentales de recto, por lo que el examen anorrectal intraoperatorio debería estar de regla.

ABSTRACT: The domestic and international market is increasingly seeking for foods with reduced chemical additives. The viability using a versatile product as mechanically separate meat (CMS) to produce safety food is necessary to expand the product market. Hansenulawingei strain was selected, a yeast known as a killer toxin for poultry CMs application. The first part of this study consisted of defining the best growth condition for yeast, static or agitation, as well as the time either growth. The result obtained was the medium without agitation and 108 hours of growth at room temperature. The extract was subjected to the atomization drying process and the pulverized extract obtained was evaluated in vitro for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests for Salmonellasp, Staphylococcus positive coagulase, E. coli and mesophilic bacteria. Proximal composition, which the most relevant values to be analyzed were directed to total proteins that were 4.26g% (± 0.66) and 4.37g% (± 0.01) for agitation and unrestrained system, respectively. In the result of MIC, dry extracts were efficient in controlling the growth of all tested bacteria, including Salmonella spp. In the in situ tests, in which mechanically separated meat was raw materials to determine the antimicrobial factor action against food pathogens the concentration of 0.083g/ml of dry extract in its raw form obtained an inhibition factor as satisfactory as healing salts traditionally applied by the carneous industry. The viability of its growth and concentration for drying, can be considered a viable antimicrobial with good prospects for bio-conservative action. ABSTRACT additives CMS (CMS selected application 10 temperature MIC (MIC Salmonellasp coagulase E bacteria composition 426g g 4 26g 4.26g ± ( 0.66 066 0 66 437g 37g 4.37g 0.01 001 01 system respectively spp 0083gml gml 083g ml industry bioconservative bio conservative 1 0.6 06 6 0.0 00 0.

RESUMO: O mercado nacional e internacional busca cada vez mais por alimentos com reduzido teor de aditivos químicos. Estudar a viabilidade de um novo método de conservação natural de um produto tão versátil como a carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) se faz necessário para expandir o mercado do produto, seguindo as tendências das demandas alimentares dos consumidores atuais. Portanto foi selecionada uma cepa de Hansenula wingei, uma levedura conhecida pela produção de toxina killer para aplicação em CMS de aves. A primeira parte deste estudo consistiu em definir qual a melhor condição de crescimento para a levedura, consistindo este em ser estático ou em agitação, bem como o tempo no qual haveria o maior pico de crescimento da mesma. O resultado obtido foi o meio sem agitação e com 108 horas de crescimento a temperatura ambiente. Na sequência o extrato foi submetido ao processo de secagem por atomização e o pó obtido foi avaliado in vitro para testes de concentração mínima inibitória (MIC) para Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus coagulase positivo, E. coli e Mesofilos aeróbicos e definição de sua composição proximal, a qual os valores mais relevantes a serem analisados eram direcionados para proteínas totais que foram 4.26g% (±0.66) e 4.37g% (±0.01) para sistema com agitação e sem agitação, respectivamente. Como resultado de MIC, os extratos secos mostraram-se eficientes no controle do crescimento de todas as bactérias testadas, inclusive Salmonella spp. Nos testes in situ, no qual a carne mecanicamente separada foi a matéria prima testada para determinar a ação fator antimicrobiano contra patógenos de alimentos a concentração de 0.083g/ml do extrato seco, em sua forma bruta, obteve um fator de inibição tão satisfatório quanto aos sais de cura aplicados tradicionalmente pela indústria cárnea e pela viabilidade de seu crescimento e concentração por secagem, pode ser considerado um antimicrobiano viável e com boas perspectivas para ação bioconservante. RESUMO químicos (CMS atuais wingei aves mesma 10 ambiente MIC (MIC sp positivo E proximal 426g g 4 26g 4.26g ±0.66 066 0 66 (±0.66 437g 37g 4.37g ±0.01 001 01 (±0.01 respectivamente mostraramse mostraram testadas spp situ 0083gml gml 083g ml seco bruta bioconservante 1 ±0.6 06 6 (±0.6 ±0.0 00 (±0.0 ±0. (±0. ±0 (±0 ± (± (

Abstract Compaction is a fundamental step in pervious concrete production and affects its mechanical and hydraulic properties. In this study, two pervious concrete mixtures were compacted with three different energies, distributed in two and three layers. The effects on porosity, mechanical strength and hydraulic conductivity were evaluated. The increase in compaction energy resulted in a proportional reduction in porosity. Increases in compressive strength from 17 to 36% were observed. However, permeability reduced proportionally, with decreases of 0.2 to 0.4 cm/s. The three-layer compaction resulted in a more homogeneous vertical distribution of porosity when compared to the two-layer compaction. Although the aggregate/cement ratio was the most influential parameter, the compaction energy should also be considered in the pervious concrete mixture design. While increasing the compaction energy enhances the mechanical strength of pervious concrete, excessive compaction may cause the fracture of the coarse aggregate, reducing its mechanical and hydraulic performance. Thus, for each mixture an optimum compaction energy can be defined to maximize the performance of pervious concrete. properties study energies layers evaluated 1 36 observed However proportionally 02 0 2 0. 04 4 cms cm s cm/s threelayer layer twolayer aggregatecement aggregate cement parameter design Thus 3

Resumo A compactação é uma etapa fundamental na produção do concreto permeável e afeta suas propriedades mecânicas e hidráulicas. Neste estudo, duas misturas de concreto permeável foram compactadas com três níveis de energia, distribuídas em duas e três camadas. O efeito na porosidade, resistência mecânica e condutividade hidráulica foi analisado. O aumento da energia de compactação resultou em uma redução proporcional da porosidade. Consequentemente, um aumento da resistência à compressão de 17 a 36% foi observado. No entanto, a permeabilidade reduziu proporcionalmente, com perdas de 0,2 a 0,4 cm/s. A compactação do concreto em três camadas resultou em um perfil de distribuição vertical da porosidade mais homogêneo quando comparado à compactação em duas camadas. Embora a relação agregado/cimento tenha sido o parâmetro mais influente, a energia de compactação também deve ser levada em consideração na dosagem do concreto permeável. Embora o aumento da energia de compactação melhore a resistência mecânica do concreto permeável, a compactação excessiva pode causar a fratura do agregado graúdo, reduzindo o seu desempenho mecânico e hidráulico. Dessa forma, para cada mistura uma energia de compactação ótima pode ser definida para maximizar o desempenho do material. hidráulicas estudo analisado Consequentemente 1 36 observado entanto proporcionalmente 02 0 2 0, 04 4 cms cm s cm/s agregadocimento cimento influente graúdo hidráulico forma material 3

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to prepare and characterize Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) waste meal. The experimental design consisted of three treatments (carcass meal, mechanically separated meat meal - MSM, and head meal) and five replications of each treatment. Yield, microbiological quality, pH, water activity, proximate composition, energy value, mineral composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid composition, color, and particle size fractions and the geometric mean particle diameter (GMD) analyses were performed. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey’s test at P < 0.05. Carcass, mechanically separated meat, and head meals had a protein content of 56.45%, 78.60%, and 50.33%, respectively, a lipid content of 7.16%, 13.15%, and 4.58%, respectively, and an ash content of 32.61%, 4.26%, and 38.41%, respectively. The mean yield of fish waste meals was 13%. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids in the three fish waste meals, and glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, and glycine were the major amino acids. Color analysis showed that lightness (L*) ranged from 55.32 to 77.19, redness (a*) from 4.44 to 4.88, and yellowness (b*) from 4.13 to 9.51. The GMD ranged from 0.37 to 0.99 mm. The results indicate that Nile tilapia waste meals have high nutritional value and adequate pH, water activity, and microbiological quality for use in human nutrition. ABSTRACT Oreochromis niloticus carcass MSM treatment Yield pH activity composition profile color (GMD performed ANOVA Tukeys Tukey s 005 0 05 0.05 Carcass 5645 56 45 56.45% 7860 78 60 78.60% 5033 50 33 50.33% respectively 716 7 16 7.16% 1315 13 15 13.15% 458 4 58 4.58% 3261 32 61 32.61% 426 26 4.26% 3841 38 41 38.41% 13% Oleic palmitic leucine lysine L* L (L* 5532 55 55.3 7719 77 19 77.19 a* (a* 444 44 4.4 488 88 4.88 b* b (b* 413 4.1 951 9 51 9.51 037 37 0.3 099 99 0.9 mm nutrition 00 0.0 564 5 56.45 786 6 78.60 503 3 50.33 71 1 7.16 131 13.15 4.58 326 32.61 42 2 4.26 384 38.41 (L 553 55. 771 77.1 (a 4. 48 8 4.8 (b 95 9.5 03 0. 09 56.4 78.6 50.3 7.1 13.1 4.5 32.6 4.2 38.4 77. 9. 56. 78. 50. 7. 13. 32. 38.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo preparar e caracterizar farinha de resíduos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O delineamento experimental consistiu em três tratamentos, farinha de carcaça, farinha de carne mecanicamente separada - CMS e farinha de cabeça, e cinco replicatas por tratamento. Foram realizadas análises de rendimento, qualidade microbiológica, pH, atividade de água, composição centesimal, valor energético, composição mineral, perfil de ácidos graxos, composição de aminoácidos, cor, frações granulométricas e o diâmetro médio geométrico das partículas (DMG). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). As farinhas de carcaça, de carne mecanicamente separada e de cabeça apresentaram teor de proteína de 56,45%, 78,60% e 50,33%, respectivamente, teor de lipídios de 7,16%, 13,15% e 4,58%, respectivamente, e teor de cinzas de 32,61%. 4,26% e 38,41%, respectivamente. O rendimento médio das farinhas de resíduos de peixe foi de 13%. Os ácidos oleico, palmítico e linoleico foram os principais ácidos graxos encontrados nas três farinhas de resíduos de peixe, e o ácido glutâmico, leucina, lisina e glicina foram os principais aminoácidos detectados nas farinhas. A análise de cor mostrou que a luminosidade (L*) variou de 55,32 a 77,19, o vermelho (a*) variou de 4,44 a 4,88 e o amarelo (b*) variou de 4,13 a 9,51. O GMD variou de 0,37 a 0,99 mm. Os resultados indicam que as farinhas de resíduos de tilápia do Nilo apresentam alto valor nutricional e pH, atividade de água e qualidade microbiológica adequados para uso na alimentação humana. RESUMO Oreochromis niloticus. niloticus . niloticus) tratamentos carcaça tratamento pH centesimal energético mineral DMG. DMG (DMG) P 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) 5645 56 45 56,45% 7860 78 60 78,60 5033 50 33 50,33% respectivamente 716 7 16 7,16% 1315 13 15 13,15 458 4 58 4,58% 3261 32 61 32,61% 426 26 4,26 3841 38 41 38,41% 13% oleico glutâmico leucina L* L (L* 5532 55 55,3 7719 77 19 77,19 a* (a* 444 44 4,4 488 88 4,8 b* b (b* 413 4,1 951 9 51 9,51 037 37 0,3 099 99 0,9 mm humana (DMG 00 0,0 564 5 56,45 786 6 78,6 503 3 50,33 71 1 7,16 131 13,1 4,58 326 32,61 42 2 4,2 384 38,41 (L 553 55, 771 77,1 (a 4, 48 8 (b 95 9,5 03 0, 09 56,4 78, 50,3 7,1 13, 4,5 32,6 38,4 77, 9, 56, 50, 7, 32, 38,

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function in CKD has been limited to spectral and tissue Doppler imaging, known to be less reliable techniques in pediatrics. Two-dimensional Speckle tracking echocardiography (2DST) derived left atrial (LA) strain has recently been confirmed as a robust measure of diastolic function. Objectives: To investigate LA strain role in diastolic assessment of children at different stages of CKD. Methods: From February 2019 to July 2022, 55 CKD patients without cardiovascular symptoms and 55 controls were evaluated by standard and 2DST echocardiograms. The level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Results: Patients and controls had similar age [9.78 (0.89 – 17.54) vs. 10.72 (1.03 –18,44) years; p = 0.41] and gender (36M:19F vs. 34M:21F; p=0.84). There were 25 non-dialysis patients and 30 dialysis patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was ≥ 55% in all of them. Comparing CKD and controls, LA reservoir strain was lower (48.22±10.62% vs. 58.52±10.70%) and LA stiffness index was higher [0.14 (0.08–0.48)%-1 vs. 0.11 (0.06–0.23) %-1]; p<0.0001. LV hypertrophy was associated with lower LA reservoir strain (42.05±8.74% vs. 52.99±9.52%), higher LA stiffness [0.23(0.11 – 0.48)%-1 vs. 0.13 (0.08–0.23) %-1 and filling indexes (2.39±0.63 cm/s x %-1 vs. 1.74±0.47 cm/s x %-1; p<0.0001. Uncontrolled hypertension was associated with lower LA reservoir strain (41.9±10.6% vs. 50.6±9.7; p=0.005). Conclusions: LA strain proved to be a feasible tool in the assessment of pediatric CKD patients and was associated with known cardiovascular risk factors. Background . (CKD) imaging pediatrics Twodimensional Two dimensional DST (2DST (LA Objectives Methods 201 2022 5 echocardiograms p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) Results 9.78 978 9 78 [9.7 0.89 089 89 (0.8 17.54 1754 17 54 vs 1072 10 72 10.7 1.03 103 1 03 (1.0 –18,44 1844 18 44 years 0.41 041 41 36M19F MF 36M 19F M F 34M21F 34M 21F 34M:21F p=0.84. p084 p=0.84 84 p=0.84) 2 nondialysis non 3 them 48.22±10.62% 48221062 48 22 62 (48.22±10.62 58.52±10.70% 58521070 58 52 70 0.14 014 14 [0.1 0.08–0.48%1 0080481 0.08–0.48 % 08 (0.08–0.48)%- 011 11 0.1 0.06–0.23 006023 06 23 (0.06–0.23 %1 %-1] p00001 0001 p<0.0001 42.05±8.74% 4205874 42 8 74 (42.05±8.74 52.99±9.52%, 5299952 52.99±9.52% , 99 52.99±9.52%) 0.230.11 023011 0.23 [0.23(0.1 0.48%1 0481 0.48 0.48)%- 013 13 0.08–0.23 008023 (0.08–0.23 %- 2.39±0.63 239063 39 63 (2.39±0.6 cms cm s 174047 47 1.74±0.4 41.9±10.6% 419106 6 (41.9±10.6 50.6±9.7 50697 50 7 p=0.005. p0005 p=0.005 005 p=0.005) Conclusions factors (CKD 20 202 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 9.7 97 [9. 0.8 (0. 17.5 175 107 10. 1.0 (1. –18,4 184 4 0.4 04 p08 p=0.8 48.22±10.62 4822106 (48.22±10.6 58.52±10.70 5852107 01 [0. 0.08–0.48% 008048 0.08–0.4 (0.08–0.48)% 0. 0.06–0.2 00602 (0.06–0.2 p0000 000 p<0.000 42.05±8.74 420587 (42.05±8.7 529995 52.99±9.52 230 0.230.1 02301 023 0.2 [0.23(0. 0.48% 048 0.48)% 0.08–0.2 00802 (0.08–0.2 2.39±0.6 23906 (2.39±0. 17404 1.74±0. 41.9±10.6 41910 (41.9±10. 50.6±9. 5069 p000 p=0.00 00 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 9. [9 (0 17. 1. (1 –18, p=0. 48.22±10.6 482210 (48.22±10. 58.52±10.7 585210 [0 00804 0.08–0. (0.08–0.48) 0.06–0. 0060 (0.06–0. p<0.00 42.05±8.7 42058 (42.05±8. 52999 52.99±9.5 0.230. 0230 02 [0.23(0 0.48) 0080 (0.08–0. 2.39±0. 2390 (2.39±0 1740 1.74±0 41.9±10. 4191 (41.9±10 50.6±9 506 p=0.0 p<0 (p<0. [ ( –18 p=0 48.22±10. 48221 (48.22±10 58.52±10. 58521 0.08–0 (0.08–0.48 0.06–0 006 (0.06–0 42.05±8. 4205 (42.05±8 5299 52.99±9. 0.230 [0.23( 008 (0.08–0 2.39±0 239 (2.39± 174 1.74± 41.9±10 419 (41.9±1 50.6± p< (p<0 –1 p= 48.22±10 4822 (48.22±1 58.52±10 5852 0.08– (0.08–0.4 0.06– (0.06– 42.05±8 420 (42.05± 529 52.99±9 [0.23 (0.08– 2.39± (2.39 1.74 41.9±1 (41.9± 50.6 (p< 48.22±1 482 (48.22± 58.52±1 585 0.08 0.06 (0.06 42.05± (42.05 52.99± [0.2 (0.08 2.39 (2.3 1.7 41.9± (41.9 50. (p 48.22± (48.22 58.52± 0.0 (0.0 42.05 (42.0 52.99 2.3 (2. 41.9 (41. 48.22 (48.2 58.52 42.0 (42. 52.9 2. (2 41. (41 48.2 (48. 58.5 42. (42 52. (4 48. (48 58.

Resumo Fundamento: As complicações cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte em pacientes pediátricos com doença renal crônica (DRC). A avaliação ecocardiográfica da função diastólica na DRC tem se limitado à avaliação espectral por Doppler espectral e por Doppler tecidual, técnicas sabidamente menos confiáveis na pediatria. O strain do átrio esquerdo (AE) pela técnica do speckle tracking bidimensional (2DST) foi recentemente confirmada como uma medida robusta da função diastólica. Objetivos: Investigar o papel do strain do AE na avaliação da função diastólica de crianças em diferentes estágios da DRC. Métodos: De fevereiro de 2019 a julho de 2022, 55 pacientes com DRC sem sintomas cardiovasculares e 55 controles foram avaliados por ecocardiografia convencional e por ecocardiografia com 2DST. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Pacientes e controles tinham idade similares [9,78 (0,89 – 17,54) vs. 10,72 (1,03 –18,44) anos; p = 0,41] e sexo (36M:19F vs. 34M:21F; p = 0,84) similares. Havia 25 pacientes não dialíticos e 30 pacientes dialíticos. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo foi ≥ 55% em todos. Em comparação aos controles, os pacientes com DRC apresentaram strain de reservatório mais baixo (48,22±10,62% vs. 58,52±10,70%) e índice de rigidez do AE mais alto [0,14 (0,08–0,48)%-1 vs. 0,11 (0,06–0,23) %-1]; p<0,0001. A hipertrofia ventricular esquerda associou-se com um strain de reservatório mais baixo (42,05±8,74% vs. 52,99±9,52%), e valores mais altos de índice de rigidez [0,23 (0,11 – 0,48)%-1 vs. 0,13 (0,08–0,23) %-1 e de índice de enchimento do AE (2,39±0,63 cm/s x %-1 vs. 1,74±0,47 cm/s x %-1; p<0,0001). Hipertensão não controlada associou-se com strain de reservatório do AE mais baixo (41,9±10,6% vs. 50,6±9,7; p=0,005). Conclusão: O strain do AE mostrou-se uma ferramenta útil na avaliação de pacientes pediátricos com DRC e associado com fatores de risco cardiovasculares conhecidos. Fundamento . (DRC) tecidual pediatria (AE 2DST DST (2DST Objetivos Métodos 201 2022 5 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) Resultados 9,78 978 9 78 [9,7 0,89 089 89 (0,8 17,54 1754 17 54 vs 1072 10 72 10,7 1,03 103 1 03 (1,0 –18,44 1844 18 44 anos 0,41 041 41 36M19F MF 36M 19F M F 34M21F 34M 21F 34M:21F 0,84 084 84 2 3 todos 48,22±10,62% 48221062 48 22 62 (48,22±10,62 58,52±10,70% 58521070 58 52 70 0,14 014 14 [0,1 0,08–0,48%1 0080481 0,08–0,48 % 08 (0,08–0,48)%- 011 11 0,1 0,06–0,23 006023 06 23 (0,06–0,23 %1 %-1] p00001 0001 p<0,0001 associouse associou 42,05±8,74% 4205874 42 8 74 (42,05±8,74 52,99±9,52%, 5299952 52,99±9,52% , 99 52,99±9,52%) 0,23 023 [0,2 (0,1 0,48%1 0481 0,48 0,48)%- 013 13 0,08–0,23 008023 (0,08–0,23 %- 2,39±0,63 239063 39 63 (2,39±0,6 cms cm s 174047 47 1,74±0,4 p<0,0001) 41,9±10,6% 419106 6 (41,9±10,6 50,6±9,7 50697 50 7 p=0,005. p0005 p=0,005 p=0,005) Conclusão mostrouse mostrou conhecidos (DRC 20 202 00 0,0 9,7 97 [9, 0,8 (0, 17,5 175 107 10, 1,0 (1, –18,4 184 4 0,4 04 48,22±10,62 4822106 (48,22±10,6 58,52±10,70 5852107 01 [0, 0,08–0,48% 008048 0,08–0,4 (0,08–0,48)% 0, 0,06–0,2 00602 (0,06–0,2 p0000 000 p<0,000 42,05±8,74 420587 (42,05±8,7 529995 52,99±9,52 0,2 02 0,48% 048 0,48)% 0,08–0,2 00802 (0,08–0,2 2,39±0,6 23906 (2,39±0, 17404 1,74±0, 41,9±10,6 41910 (41,9±10, 50,6±9, 5069 p000 p=0,00 9, [9 (0 17, 1, (1 –18, 48,22±10,6 482210 (48,22±10, 58,52±10,7 585210 [0 00804 0,08–0, (0,08–0,48) 0,06–0, 0060 (0,06–0, p<0,00 42,05±8,7 42058 (42,05±8, 52999 52,99±9,5 0,48) 0080 (0,08–0, 2,39±0, 2390 (2,39±0 1740 1,74±0 41,9±10, 4191 (41,9±10 50,6±9 506 p00 p=0,0 [ ( –18 48,22±10, 48221 (48,22±10 58,52±10, 58521 0,08–0 (0,08–0,48 0,06–0 006 (0,06–0 p<0,0 42,05±8, 4205 (42,05±8 5299 52,99±9, 008 (0,08–0 2,39±0 239 (2,39± 174 1,74± 41,9±10 419 (41,9±1 50,6± p0 p=0, –1 48,22±10 4822 (48,22±1 58,52±10 5852 0,08– (0,08–0,4 0,06– (0,06– p<0, 42,05±8 420 (42,05± 529 52,99±9 (0,08– 2,39± (2,39 1,74 41,9±1 (41,9± 50,6 p=0 48,22±1 482 (48,22± 58,52±1 585 0,08 0,06 (0,06 p<0 42,05± (42,05 52,99± (0,08 2,39 (2,3 1,7 41,9± (41,9 50, p= 48,22± (48,22 58,52± (0,0 p< 42,05 (42,0 52,99 2,3 (2, 41,9 (41, 48,22 (48,2 58,52 42,0 (42, 52,9 2, (2 41, (41 48,2 (48, 58,5 42, (42 52, (4 48, (48 58,

Este trabajo presenta un estudio cualitativo sobre el abordaje del sufrimiento mental común (SMC) en programas de residencia de Medicina de Familia y Comunidad del estado de Minas Gerais. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con 16 participantes de tres programas de residencia, entre marzo y mayo de 2022. La interpretación de los datos siguió los principios del Análisis Temático de Braun y Clarke. Para los participantes, el SMC es una demanda frecuente en la atención primaria que hay que abordar, principalmente, con intervenciones psicosociales. No obstante, los participantes reconocen que no han aplicado esas intervenciones en los estándares recomendados por la literatura. Los entrevistados relatan que conocen diversas técnicas de intervención, pero que solo saben aplicar algunas, con destaque para los componentes del método clínico centrado en la persona?. Este hecho contribuye para despertar emociones negativas, tales como angustia y frustración, y para aumentar el número de derivaciones innecesarias para otros profesionales.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo sobre a abordagem do sofrimento mental comum (SMC) em programas de residência de Medicina de Família e Comunidade de Minas Gerais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 16 participantes de três programas de residência, entre março e maio de 2022. A interpretação dos dados seguiu os princípios da Análise Temática de Braun e Clarke. Para os participantes, o SMC é uma demanda frequente na Atenção Primária que deve ser abordada, principalmente com intervenções psicossociais. Contudo, os participantes reconhecem que não têm aplicado essas intervenções nos moldes recomendados pela literatura. Os entrevistados relatam conhecer diversas técnicas de intervenção, mas só sabem aplicar algumas, com destaque para os componentes do "método clínico centrado na pessoa". Esse fato contribui para despertar emoções negativas, como angústia e frustração, e aumentar o número de referenciamentos desnecessários para outros profissionais.

This work presents a qualitative study of the approach to common mental suffering (CMS) in family and community medicine residency programs in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants from three residency programs between March and May 2022. The data were interpreted drawing on the principles of Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method. According to the participants, CMS is a frequent demand in primary care and should be approached using mainly psychosocial interventions. However, the participants recognize that they have not applied these interventions in the manner recommended by the literature. The interviewees reported that despite being aware of a diverse range of intervention techniques, they only know how to apply some, with emphasis on the components of the “patient-centered clinical method”. This fact has contributed to the awakening of negative emotions, such as anguish and frustration, and increased the number of unnecessary referrals to other professionals.

Este trabajo presenta un estudio cualitativo sobre el abordaje del sufrimiento mental común (SMC) en programas de residencia de Medicina de Familia y Comunidad del estado de Minas Gerais. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con 16 participantes de tres programas de residencia, entre marzo y mayo de 2022. La interpretación de los datos siguió los principios del Análisis Temático de Braun y Clarke. Para los participantes, el SMC es una demanda frecuente en la atención primaria que hay que abordar, principalmente, con intervenciones psicosociales. No obstante, los participantes reconocen que no han aplicado esas intervenciones en los estándares recomendados por la literatura. Los entrevistados relatan que conocen diversas técnicas de intervención, pero que solo saben aplicar algunas, con destaque para los componentes del método clínico centrado en la persona?. Este hecho contribuye para despertar emociones negativas, tales como angustia y frustración, y para aumentar el número de derivaciones innecesarias para otros profesionales. (SMC Gerais 1 2022 Clarke abordar principalmente psicosociales obstante literatura intervención algunas persona. persona . persona? negativas frustración profesionales 202 20 2

This work presents a qualitative study of the approach to common mental suffering (CMS) in family and community medicine residency programs in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants from three residency programs between March and May 2022. The data were interpreted drawing on the principles of Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method. According to the participants, CMS is a frequent demand in primary care and should be approached using mainly psychosocial interventions. However, the participants recognize that they have not applied these interventions in the manner recommended by the literature. The interviewees reported that despite being aware of a diverse range of intervention techniques, they only know how to apply some, with emphasis on the components of the “patient-centered clinical method”. This fact has contributed to the awakening of negative emotions, such as anguish and frustration, and increased the number of unnecessary referrals to other professionals. (CMS Gerais Brazil Semistructured Semi structured 1 2022 Clarkes Clarke s method However literature techniques some patientcentered patient centered . method” emotions frustration professionals 202 20 2

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo sobre a abordagem do sofrimento mental comum (SMC) em programas de residência de Medicina de Família e Comunidade de Minas Gerais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 16 participantes de três programas de residência, entre março e maio de 2022. A interpretação dos dados seguiu os princípios da Análise Temática de Braun e Clarke. Para os participantes, o SMC é uma demanda frequente na Atenção Primária que deve ser abordada, principalmente com intervenções psicossociais. Contudo, os participantes reconhecem que não têm aplicado essas intervenções nos moldes recomendados pela literatura. Os entrevistados relatam conhecer diversas técnicas de intervenção, mas só sabem aplicar algumas, com destaque para os componentes do "método clínico centrado na pessoa". Esse fato contribui para despertar emoções negativas, como angústia e frustração, e aumentar o número de referenciamentos desnecessários para outros profissionais. (SMC Gerais 1 2022 Clarke abordada psicossociais Contudo literatura intervenção algumas método pessoa. pessoa . pessoa" negativas frustração profissionais 202 20 2

A novel electroanalytical approach is presented for the determination of ronidazole in environmental and food matrices by applying a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode and the square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry technique. From the studies of cyclic voltammetry to investigate the electroactivity of the ronidazole molecule, the occurrence of an irreversible cathodic process was verifed, which was more effciently detected using the cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode compared to the anodically pretreated electrode. Still on the electrochemical response of ronidazole, the effects of pH and scan rate were studied and, its apparent diffusion coeffcient was determined by chronoamperometry (8.20 × 10-6cm2s-1). Under optimal experimental conditions, the analytical curve obtained for ronidazole was linear in two concentration ranges (12.70 to 63.40 µmol L-1 and 76.04 to 126.2 µmol L-1), with a limit of detection of 2.55 µmol L-1. For intra- and inter-day repeatabilities, relative standard deviations of only 2.7 and 3.5% were verifed, which demonstrated the stable analytical response of the electrode. Recovery percentages ranging from 96 to 100% were achieved in the analysis of natural water and whole milk samples. Therefore, the proposed electroanalytical method shows satisfactory analytical performance towards ronidazole determination in varied matrice samples. borondoped boron doped squarewave square wave technique molecule verifed 8.20 820 8 20 (8.2 106cm2s1. 106cm2s1 cms 10 6cm2s 1 . cm s 10-6cm2s-1) conditions 12.70 1270 12 70 (12.7 6340 63 40 63.4 L1 L L- 7604 76 04 76.0 1262 126 2 126. L1, , L-1) 255 55 2.5 L1. 1. intra interday inter day repeatabilities 27 7 2. 35 3 5 3.5 9 100 samples Therefore 8.2 82 (8. 106cm2s 10-6cm2s-1 12.7 127 (12. 634 6 4 63. 760 0 76. 25 3. 8. (8 10-6cm2s- 12. (12 ( 10-6cm2s (1

Abstract Background: Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is an infiltrative disease caused by abnormal protein deposition mainly in the heart and peripheral nervous system. When it affects the heart, the disease presents as restrictive cardiomyopathy; when it affects the peripheral and autonomic nervous system, it manifests as polyneuropathy, and is called familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). There are two ATTR subtypes: wild-type ATTR, where there is no mutation, and mutant ATTR (ATTRm), which is characterized by a mutation in the gene encoding the transthyretin protein (TTR). In both subtypes, cardiac involvement is the major marker of poor prognosis. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of subclinical cardiac involvement in a sample of patients with TTR gene mutation by using pyrophosphate scintigraphy and strain echocardiography; to compare scintigraphy and strain findings; to evaluate the association between neurological manifestations (FAP) and subclinical cardiac involvement; and to analyze whether there is an association between any specific mutation and cardiac involvement. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with carriers of the TTR gene mutation, without cardiovascular symptoms or changes in electrocardiographic or conventional echocardiographic parameters. All patients underwent pyrophosphate scintigraphy and strain echocardiography. Subclinical cardiac involvement was defined as a Perugini score ≥ 2, heart-to-contralateral lung (H/CL) ratio ≥ 1.5 at 1 h, H/CL ≥1.3 at 3 h, or global longitudinal strain (GLS) ≤ −17%. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed and Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney test were applied. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The 23 patients evaluated had a median age of 51 years (IQR 37–57 years), 15 (65.2%) were female, 12 (52.2%) were Pardo, nine (39.1%) had systemic arterial hypertension, and nine (39.1%) had a previous diagnosis of FAP. Of the nine patients with FAP, 8 (34.8%) were on tafamidis. The associated mutations were Val142IIe, Val50Met, and IIe127Val. The median GLS in the sample was −19% (−16% to −20%). Of the 23 patients, nine (39.1%; 95% CI = 29–49%) met criteria for cardiac involvement, six (26%) by the GLS-based criteria only. There was no association between having FAP and being an asymptomatic carrier, as assessed by strain echocardiography and pyrophosphate scintigraphy (p = 0.19). The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, and reduced GLS did not differ between groups. Septal e’ wave velocity was the only variable that significantly differed between individuals with and without reduced GLS, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.80 (95% CI = 0.61–0.98, p = 0.027). The best diagnostic accuracy was achieved with a septal e’ velocity ≤ 8.5 cm/s. There was no association between mutation type and preclinical cardiac involvement, nor between tafamidis use and lower degree of cardiac involvement (37.5% versus 40.0%, p = 0.90). Conclusion: Subclinical cardiac involvement was common in a sample of TTR mutation carriers without cardiac involvement. Reduced left ventricular GLS was the most frequent finding. There was no association between the presence of amyloid polyneuropathy and subclinical cardiac involvement. Type of mutation was not associated with early cardiac involvement. In this sample, the use of tafamidis 20 mg/day was not associated with a lower prevalence of subclinical cardiac involvement. Background (ATTR system cardiomyopathy . subtypes wildtype wild ATTRm, ATTRm , (ATTRm) TTR. (TTR) prognosis Objectives findings (FAP Methods crosssectional cross sectional parameters 2 hearttocontralateral contralateral HCL H CL (H/CL 5 1. h 13 ≥1. (GLS 17 −17% Fishers Fisher s MannWhitney Mann Whitney applied 005 0 05 0.0 significant Results IQR 3757 37 57 37–5 years, years) 65.2% 652 65 (65.2% female 52.2% 522 52 (52.2% Pardo 39.1% 391 39 (39.1% hypertension 34.8% 348 34 (34.8% Val142IIe ValIIe Val IIe Val50Met ValMet Met IIe127Val IIeVal 19 −19 −16% 16 (−16 −20%. −20% −20%) 95 29–49% 2949 29 49 26% 26 (26% GLSbased based carrier 0.19. 019 0.19 0.19) mellitus dyslipidemia smoking groups e 080 80 0.8 (95 061098 61 98 0.61–0.98 0.027. 0027 0.027 027 0.027) 85 8. cms cm cm/s 37.5% 375 (37.5 400 40 40.0% 0.90. 090 0.90 90 0.90) Conclusion finding mgday mg day (ATTRm (TTR ≥1 −17 00 0. 37– 65.2 6 (65.2 52.2 (52.2 39.1 (39.1 34.8 (34.8 −1 −16 (−1 −20 9 29–49 294 4 (26 01 0.1 08 (9 06109 0.61–0.9 002 0.02 02 37.5 (37. 40.0 09 0.9 65. (65. 52. (52. 39. (39. 34. (34. − (− −2 29–4 (2 ( 0610 0.61–0. 37. (37 40. (65 (52 (39 (34 29– 061 0.61–0 (3 (6 (5 06 0.61– 0.61 0.6

Resumo Fundamento: A amiloidose por transtirretina (ATTR) é uma doença infiltrativa causada pela deposição anormal de proteína principalmente no coração e no sistema nervoso periférico. Quando acomete o coração, a doença manifesta-se como uma cardiomiopatia restritiva e, quando afeta o sistema nervoso periférico e autônomo, apresenta-se como uma polineuropatia, podendo ser chamada de Polineuropatia Amiloidótica Familiar (PAF). Existem dois subtipos de ATTR, a ATTR selvagem, em que não há variantes genéticas, e a ATTR hereditária, caracterizada por uma variante no gene que codifica a proteína transtirretina (T\TR). Em ambos os subtipos, o envolvimento cardíaco é o principal marcador prognóstico. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência do envolvimento cardíaco subclínico em uma amostra de pacientes com variantes genéticas no gene TTR usando a cintilografia com pirofosfato e o ecocardiograma com strain; comparar os achados cintilográficos e as medidas de strain; avaliar a associação entre PAF e o envolvimento subclínico; e analisar se existe uma associação entre uma variante genética específica e o envolvimento cardíaco. Métodos: Estudo transversal com carreadores de variantes no gene TTR sem sintomas cardiovasculares e sem alterações nos parâmetros da eletrocardiografia ou do ecocardiograma convencional. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à cintilografia com pirofosfato e à ecocardiografia com análise de strain. O envolvimento cardíaco subclínico, definido como um escore de Perugini ≥ 2, razão Coração (C)/ Hemitórax Contralateral (CL) ≥ 1,5 em uma hora, C/CL ≥ 1,3 na terceira hora, ou um strain longitudinal global (SGL) ≤ −17%. Realizadas análises descritiva e analítica, e aplicados o teste exato de Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: Os 23 pacientes avaliados apresentavam uma idade mediana de 51 (37-57) anos, 15 (65,2%) eram do sexo feminino, 12 (52,2%) eram pardos, nove (39,1%) apresentavam hipertensão arterial sistêmica, e nove (39,1%) tinham um diagnóstico prévio de PAF. Dos nove pacientes com PAF, oito (34,8%) usavam tafamidis. As variantes genéticas identificadas foram Val142IIe, Val50Met e IIe127Val. O valor mediano do SGL foi −19% (-16% – −20%). Dos 23 pacientes, nove (39,1%; 95% CI = 29–49%) preencheram os critérios de envolvimento cardíaco, seis (26%) somente pelo critério do SGL. Não houve associação entre PAF e um carreador assintomático avaliado por ecocardiograma com análise de strain e pela cintilografia com pirofostato (p=0,19). A prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, tabagismo e SGL reduzido não foi diferente entre os grupos. A velocidade da onda e’ septal foi a única variável que apresentou diferença significativa entre os indivíduos com e sem SGL reduzido, com uma área sob a curva ROC de 0,80 (IC95% = 0,61–0,98, p = 0,027). A melhor acurácia diagnóstica foi alcançada com uma velocidade e’ septal ≤ 8,5 cm/s. Não houve associação entre o tipo de variante genética e o envolvimento cardíaco pré-clínico, nem entre o uso de tafamidis e este mesmo envolvimento (37,5% versus 40,0%, p = 0,90). Conclusão: O envolvimento cardíaco subclínico foi frequente em uma amostra de carreadores da variante genética do gene TTR. Um valor do SGL reduzido foi o achado mais comum. Não houve associação entre a presença de polineuropatia amiloidótica e o envolvimento subclínico. O tipo de variante genética não foi associado com envolvimento cardíaco precoce. Nesta amostra, o uso de tafamidis (20mg/dia) não foi associado com uma menor prevalência de envolvimento cardíaco subclínico. Fundamento (ATTR manifestase manifesta autônomo apresentase apresenta . (PAF) selvagem hereditária T\TR. T\TR T TR (T\TR) prognóstico Objetivos Métodos convencional 2 C/ C / (C) CL (CL 1 5 1, hora CCL 13 3 (SGL 17 −17% analítica MannWhitney. MannWhitney Mann Whitney. Whitney Mann-Whitney p005 0 05 p<0,0 significativo Resultados 3757 37 57 (37-57 anos 65,2% 652 65 (65,2% feminino 52,2% 522 52 (52,2% pardos 39,1% 391 39 (39,1% sistêmica 34,8% 348 34 8 (34,8% Val142IIe ValIIe Val IIe ValMet Met IIe127Val IIeVal 19 −19 16% 16 (-16 −20%. 20 −20% −20%) 95 29–49% 2949 29 49 26% 26 (26% p=0,19. p019 p=0,19 (p=0,19) mellitus dislipidemia grupos 080 80 0,8 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 061098 61 98 0,61–0,98 0,027. 0027 0,027 027 0,027) 85 8, cms cm s cm/s préclínico, préclínico pré clínico, clínico pré-clínico 37,5% 375 (37,5 400 40 40,0% 0,90. 090 0,90 90 0,90) Conclusão comum precoce 20mg/dia 20mgdia mgdia 20mg dia mg (20mg/dia (PAF (T\TR (C −17 p00 p<0, (37-5 65,2 6 (65,2 52,2 (52,2 39,1 (39,1 34,8 (34,8 −1 (-1 −20 9 29–49 294 4 (26 p01 p=0,1 (p=0,19 08 0, IC9 (IC9 06109 0,61–0,9 002 0,02 02 37,5 (37, 40,0 09 0,9 p0 p<0 (37- 65, (65, 52, (52, 39, (39, 34, (34, − (- −2 29–4 (2 p=0, (p=0,1 (IC 0610 0,61–0, 00 0,0 37, (37 40, p< (65 (52 (39 (34 ( 29– p=0 (p=0, 061 0,61–0 (3 (6 (5 p= (p=0 06 0,61– (p= 0,61 (p 0,6

Abstract Drought is a natural phenomenon that cause severely impacts on different sectors of society. To assess drought, indices are used that allow comparing events in different regions and time scales. SPEIbase is a gridded database that provides global-scale SPEI estimates with an extensive temporal coverage (1901 to 2022), 0.5° x 0.5° spatial resolution, and is currently being updated. This study aimed to evaluate SPEIbase v2.9 in representing the spatio-temporal patterns of drought in the Southeastern Brazil Region. For this, SPEIbase values were compared to values calculated from data from eight conventional meteorological stations (CMS), for the period from 1961 to 2010. SPEIbase showed satisfactory results for the Southeastern Brazil Region. The gridded data presented a positive linear trend for all eight CMS in the study, with a strong correlation (0.70 < r < 0.90) for more than 50% of the stations. Additionally, SPEIbase performed satisfactorily in identifying the frequency and intensity of droughts. SPEIbase is an important tool for drought analysis in the Southeastern Brazil Region. society scales globalscale global scale 1901 (190 2022, 2022 , 2022) 05 0 5 0.5 resolution updated v29 v v2 9 v2. spatiotemporal spatio Region this CMS, (CMS) 196 2010 0.70 070 70 (0.7 0.90 090 90 50 Additionally droughts 190 (19 202 0. (CMS 19 201 0.7 07 7 (0. 0.9 09 (1 20 1 (0 ( 2

Resumo A seca é um fenômeno natural, que causa impactos severos em diferentes setores da sociedade. Para avaliar a seca, são utilizados índices que permitem comparar eventos em diferentes regiões e escalas temporais. O SPEIbase é uma base de dados em grade que fornece estimativas do SPEI em escala global, com ampla abrangência temporal (1901 a 2022), resolução espacial de 0,5° x 0,5° e segue em processo de atualização. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o SPEIbase v2.9 na representação dos padrões espaço-temporal da seca na Região Sudeste Brasileira. Para isso, foram comparados os valores da SPEIbase via dados de oito estações meteorológicas convencionais (EMC), para o período de 1961 a 2010. A SPEIbase apresentou resultados satisfatórios para a Região Sudeste Brasileira. Os dados em grade apresentaram tendência linear positiva para todas as oito EMC, com correlação forte (0,70 < r < 0,90) para mais de 50% das estações. Além disso, a SPEIbase apresentou desempenho satisfatório na identificação da frequência e intensidade das secas. O SPEIbase é um importante produto que pode ser usado para a análise de secas na Região Sudeste Brasileira. natural sociedade temporais global 1901 (190 2022, 2022 , 2022) 05 0 5 0,5 atualização v29 v v2 9 v2. espaçotemporal espaço Brasileira isso EMC (EMC) 196 2010 0,70 070 70 (0,7 0,90 090 90 50 disso 190 (19 202 0, (EMC 19 201 0,7 07 7 (0, 0,9 09 (1 20 1 (0 ( 2

Abstract Clogging of porous concrete pavements is understood as a performance pathology within this peculiar concrete component. Albeit the clogging performance of porous concrete pavements is a sensitive topic in technical literature, most studies refer to laboratory investigations on concrete samples using different kinds of apparatus for the simulation of loss of permeability due to debris insertion on porous interstices. However, infiltration rate measurements are the basis for defining maintenance needs in actual pavements and shall be carried out periodically to measure and endorse infiltration rate adequacy as the kern of a clogging management protocol. This study dealt with a field experiment in a pervious concrete sidewalk surrounded by a wooded garden with tropical native and a variety of exotic trees. Over four years, eleven monitoring measurements were carried out using the ASTM C1701 infiltration ring test. The main contribution of this paper is a proposition of a mixed linear prediction model considering conditioned exponential distribution and a random normal intercept for the infiltration rate. From residual analysis and diagnosis plots, it can be seen that the proposed model presents a goodness of fit, allowing anticipation of infiltration rates reduction due to clogging by dense organic matter. Minimum infiltration rate is taken as 0.1 cm/s and such condition was achieved in a couple of months, awakening consciously to consider three to four intensive cleaning maintenance per year in dense wooded areas like public parks. component literature interstices However protocol trees years C C170 test plots fit matter 01 0 1 0. cms cm s months parks C17 C1

Resumo Embora o desempenho em termos de colmatação de pavimentos de concreto porosos seja um tópico sensível na literatura técnica, a maioria dos estudos se refere a pesquisas laboratoriais em corpos de prova utilizando diferentes equipamentos para a simulação da perda de permeabilidade devido à inserção de detritos nos poros. Entretanto, medidas de taxa de infiltração são a base para a definição da necessidade de manutenção em pavimentos reais e devem ser realizados periodicamente para medir e endossar que a adequação da taxa de infiltração é o cerne do protocolo de gerenciamento da colmatação. Este estudo trata sobre um experimento em campo em uma calçada de concreto permeável circundada por um jardim arborizado com árvores nativas tropicais exóticas. Ao longo de quatro anos, onze medidas de monitoramento foram realizadas utilizando o teste do anel de infiltração recomendado pela norma ASTM C1701. A principal contribuição deste artigo é a proposição de um modelo linear misto considerando a distribuição exponencial condicionada para a taxa de infiltração e uma interceptação normal aleatória. Pela análise de resíduos e parcelas de diagnóstico, é possível observar que o modelo proposto apresenta uma boa adequação, permitindo prever a queda da taxa de infiltração devido à colmatação por matéria orgânica densa. técnica poros Entretanto exóticas anos C1701 C aleatória diagnóstico densa C170 C17 C1

ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) toxicity harms photosynthesis, crop nutrition, and crop yield. Here, we submitted five maize cultivars with different tolerance to Cd to a toxic Cd concentration in the nutrient solution to assess their physiological responses. The study aimed at assessing the Cd effect on biomass and Cd and nutrient concentration in maize cultivars, evaluating how the photosynthetic is affected by Cd in maize cultivars exposed to Cd for different lengths of time, and understanding how the antioxidant defense system of different cultivars acts under Cd stress. To evaluate the effects of Cd stress, biomass, tolerance index, and plant mineral composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn), chlorophyll a fluorescence, and enzyme activity were determined. Cd toxicity reduced the biomass by 24% in the most tolerant cultivar and 41% in the most sensitive. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the plants was reduced owing to the Cd application. In contrast, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations were unaffected. The chlorophyll a fluorescence variables were not affected by Cd. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase reduced their activities by 69, 20, and 14% in the sensitive CMS36 cultivar. For the tolerant cultivar (Gorutuba), Cd stress altered the peroxidase activity only. The data revealed distinct profiles in the accumulation of Cd, biomass yield, enzyme activity, and photosynthetic efficiency of cultivars. The physiological variables were sensible to physiological alterations and may help monitor Cd toxicity. (Cd photosynthesis nutrition yield Here responses time index N (N P K Ca Fe Mn Cu Zn, , Zn) determined 24 41 application contrast unaffected dismutase 69 20 14 CMS CMS3 Gorutuba, Gorutuba (Gorutuba) only 2 4 6 1 (Gorutuba