Abstract Large quantities of residual cooking oil are being increasingly generated in various sectors, as it is often improperly disposed of and causes serious environmental problems. A commonly used alternative is the use of lipases in enzymatic hydrolysis, since it is rather attractive to several sectors, in addition to allowing the use of products generated thereof, such as: free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and free glycerol, moreover, it is capable of operating in mild temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate alternatives for the hydrolysis of residual frying oil by evaluating the efficiency of different types of supports and heating systems using free and immobilized forms of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia (BCL) and Porcine pancreas (PPL) as biocatalyst. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), niobium oxide (Nb2O5) and chitosan (CHIT) were evaluated as support for immobilizing BCL and PPL lipases, and superior results were found regarding the hydrolytic activity of immobilization derivatives using PHB and Nb2O5. Among the heating systems under evaluation, the highest percentage of residual oil hydrolysis was found using the ultrasound system for both free and immobilized lipases, reaching 57.91% hydrolysis for lipases immobilized on Nb2O5 and 61.11% hydrolysis for the derivative immobilized on PHB. The operational stability of both biocatalysts was evaluated using similar half-life time values for both. Thus, it was observed that the ultrasound system was efficient in improving lipase performance in the hydrolysis of free fatty acids, once this unconventional heating system is quite promising for accelerating such enzymatic reactions. sectors problems thereof acids diacylglycerols glycerol moreover conditions Therefore (BCL (PPL biocatalyst PHB, , (PHB) NbO Nb O (Nb2O5 CHIT (CHIT evaluation 5791 57 91 57.91 Nb2O 6111 61 11 61.11 halflife half life Thus reactions (PHB (Nb2O 579 5 9 57.9 611 6 1 61.1 57. 61.

Resumo A conjuntiva desempenha papel fundamental na saúde e imunidade ocular e atua como uma barreira à entrada de microrganismos. As infecções conjuntivais são comuns em cães e resultam tanto da invasão de microrganismos patogênicos quanto do crescimento descontrolado da microbiota existente. A maior parte dos dados existentes provém de estudos baseados em métodos de cultura tradicionais. Esses relatos apontam para o predomínio de bactérias gram-positivas, principalmente Staphylococcus spp. O presente estudo analisou a comunidade microbiana presente na conjuntiva ocular de uma população heterogênea de cães sem distúrbios oftalmológicos por sequenciamento de DNA. Após exame oftálmico minucioso, foram coletados suabe conjuntivais de ambos os olhos de 30 cães. Após processamento e extração de ácidos nucleicos, o pool de amostras foi submetido ao sequenciamento shotgun de DNA por meio da plataforma Illumina e analisado no servidor Metagenomic Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (MG-RAST). Foi identificada uma predominância do filo Proteobacteria e dos gêneros Ralstonia e Burkholderia juntamente com uma minoria de fungos, enquanto vírus não foram encontrados. O sequenciamento do DNA microbiano trouxe novos dados sobre o assunto, revelando a presença de organismos não cultiváveis até então desconhecidos como parte do microbioma ocular. existente tradicionais grampositivas, grampositivas gram positivas, positivas gram-positivas spp minucioso 3 nucleicos MGRAST. MGRAST MG RAST . (MG-RAST) fungos encontrados assunto (MG-RAST

Abstract The conjunctiva plays an essential role in eye health and immunity and acts as a barrier to the entry of microorganisms. Conjunctival infections are common in dogs and result from both the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and the uncontrolled growth of the existing microbiota. Most of the existing data come from studies based on traditional culture methods. These reports indicate the predominance of gram-positive bacteria, especially Staphylococcus spp. In the present study, we analyzed the microbiota present on the conjunctival surface from a heterogeneous dog population without ophthalmological disorders using DNA sequencing. After a thorough ophthalmological examination, conjunctival swabs were collected from both eyes of 30 dogs. After processing and nucleic acid extraction, the sample pool was subjected to shotgun DNA sequencing through the Illumina platform and analyzed via the Metagenomic Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (MGRAST) server. A predominance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genera Ralstonia and Burkholderia were identified along with a minority of fungi, whereas viruses were not found. Microbial DNA sequencing has provided new data on this subject, revealing the presence of noncultivable organisms that were previously unknown as part of the ocular microbiome. methods grampositive gram positive bacteria spp study examination 3 extraction MGRAST (MGRAST server fungi found subject microbiome

ABSTRACT In the composition of the soil microbiome, there are numerous microorganisms capable of promoting plant growth, better known as plant growth-promoting microorganisms. The study aimed to determine the effects of multifunctional microorganisms, alone or in combination, on shoot, root, and total biomass production, gas exchange, macronutrient content, yield components, and grain yield of corn plants. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Twenty-six treatments consisted of isolated or combined microbiolization of corn seeds with the rhizobacteria Bacillus sp. (BRM 32109, BRM 32110, and BRM 63573), Burkholderia cepacea (BRM 32111), Pseudomonas sp. (BRM 32112), Serratia marcenses BRM 32113, Serratia sp. (BRM 32114), Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), and Azospirillum sp. (BRM 63574), an isolated of fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis (BRM 53736), and a control treatment (without the application of microorganisms). At seven and 21 days, two more applications of the same treatments were carried out in the soil and the plants, respectively. The microorganisms applied alone or in combination promoted significant increases of 49% in corn plant biomass, 30% in gas exchange, 36% in macronutrient content, and 33% in grain yield. Isolates BRM 32114, Ab-V5, BRM 32110, and BRM 32112 and the combinations BRM 32114 + BRM 53736, BRM 63573 + Ab-V5, and BRM 32114 + BRM 32110 promoted better benefits to corn, allowing us to infer that the use of beneficial microorganisms significantly affects the development of corn plants. microbiome growth growthpromoting shoot root production exchange content components plants design replications Twentysix Twenty six sp 32109 63573, , 63573) 32111, 32111 32111) 32112, 32112) 32113 32114) AbV5, AbV5 AbV Ab V5 V (Ab-V5) 63574, 63574 63574) 53736 53736) without . microorganisms) 2 days respectively 49 30 36 33 V5, Ab-V5 3211 6357 3210 (Ab-V5 5373 4 3 Ab-V 321 635 (Ab-V 537 32 63 53 6 5

RESUMO Na composição do microbioma do solo tem-se inúmeros microrganismos, capazes de promover o crescimento vegetal, mais conhecidos como microrganismos promotores de crescimento de plantas. Objetivamos determinar os efeitos de microrganismos multifuncionais, isoladamente ou em combinação, na produção de biomassa da parte aérea, raiz e total, nas trocas gasosas, no teor de macronutrientes, componentes de produção e produtividade de grãos de plantas de milho. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Utilizou-se 26 tratamentos que consistiram na microbiolização isolada ou combinada das sementes de milho com as rizobactérias BRM 32109, BRM 32110 e BRM 63573 (Bacillus sp.), BRM 32111 (Burkholderia cepacea), BRM 32112 (Pseudomonas sp.), BRM 32113 (Serratia marcenses) and BRM 32114 (Serratia sp.), Ab-V5 (Azospirillum brasilense) e BRM 63574 (Azospirillum sp.), um isolado de fungo BRM 53736 (Trichoderma koningiopsis) e um tratamento controle (sem a aplicação de microrganismos). Aos sete e 21 dias, foram realizadas mais duas aplicações dos mesmos tratamentos, no solo e nas plantas, respectivamente. Os microrganismos aplicados isoladamente ou em combinação promoveram incrementos significativos de 49% na biomassa das plantas de milho, 30% nas trocas gasosas, 36% no teor de macronutrientes e 33% na produtividade. Os isolados BRM 32114, Ab-V5, BRM 32110 e BRM 32112 e as combinações BRM 32114 + BRM 53736, BRM 63573 + Ab-V5 e 32114 + BRM 32110 promoveram melhores benefícios ao milho, nos permitindo inferir que o uso de microrganismos benéficos afetam significativamente o desenvolvimento das plantas de milho. temse tem se vegetal multifuncionais aérea total gasosas casualizado repetições Utilizouse Utilizou 2 32109 3211 6357 Bacillus sp., sp sp. , sp.) Burkholderia cepacea, cepacea cepacea) Pseudomonas Serratia marcenses AbV5 AbV Ab V5 V Ab-V Azospirillum brasilense 5373 Trichoderma koningiopsis sem microrganismos. . microrganismos) dias respectivamente 49 30 36 33 AbV5, V5, 3210 321 635 537 4 3 32 63 53 6 5

ABSTRACT The use of rock dust in Brazil has been studied and encouraged to reduce the Brazilian dependence on the foreign market for chemical fertilizers and as an alternative to organic agriculture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of using phonolite rock powder and organic compound, associated with inoculation with the potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) of the genus Burkholderia on the chemical characteristics of the soil, macro and micronutrients in the aerial part, and tomato productivity. The experiment was installed in pots in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, representing five doses of phonolite added in an organic compound, with the presence or absence of inoculation with the strain 100-13. The nutrient contents in the soil and the aerial part and the production of tomato were evaluated. Differences were observed between the doses of the organic compound and the phonolite associated with the inoculation. The treatments containing the highest doses of an organic compound provided better levels of nutrients in the soil and the aerial part, and in the tomato productivity. The inoculation with the bacterial strain improved the release of potassium from the powder of the phonolite rock. agriculture KSB (KSB productivity greenhouse arrangement 10013. 10013 100 13. 13 100-13 evaluated 1001 10 1 100-1 100-

ABSTRACT: Glanders is a contagious zoonotic infectious disease characterized by an acute or chronic condition that mainly affects equids and is caused by Burkholderia (B.) mallei. From January 2005 to December 2017, 697 farms with positive cases of this disease were registered in Brazil, with the Northeast region accounting for 61.4% (428/697) of the total number of cases. This study conducted an epidemiological study of B. mallei infections that occurred in farms in the states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Ceará and Alagoas. For this purpose, investigative questionnaires were applied to six farms where there were outbreaks of glanders and 11 farms where there were no reports of glanders between 2017 and 2021, and statistical analysis of the factors associated with the occurrence of glanders in Northeastern Brazil was performed. Factors such as the purpose of rearing (P = 0.023), lack of information on disease transmission modes (P = 0.034), failure to carry out periodic tests for glanders diagnosis (P = 0,029), no request for glanders tests prior to the purchase of new animals periodic tests for glanders diagnosis (P = 0.029), not requiring a negative test for glanders in the acquisition of animals (P = 0.06), use of extensive breeding systems(P = 0.027), and poor stall hygiene were associated with disease occurrence (P = 0.001). Understanding the factors related to the occurrence of glanders in the Northeast Region of Brazil helps to establish management measures that minimize bacteria transmission, thereby reducing the number of cases in the region and economic losses associated with glanders. ABSTRACT B (B. 200 69 614 61 4 61.4 428/697 428697 428 (428/697 Pernambuco Paraíba Alagoas 1 201 2021 performed P 0.023, 0023 0.023 , 0 023 0.023) 0.034, 0034 0.034 034 0.034) 0,029, 0029 0,029 029 0,029) 0.029, 0.029 0.029) 0.06, 006 0.06 06 0.06) systemsP systems 0.027, 0027 0.027 027 0.027) 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) (B 20 6 61. 428/69 42869 42 (428/69 202 002 0.02 02 003 0.03 03 0,02 00 0.0 000 0.00 2 428/6 4286 (428/6 0,0 0. 428/ (428/ 0, (428 (42 (4 (

RESUMO: O mormo é uma doença infectocontagiosa, zoonótica, de caráter agudo ou crônico, que acomete principalmente os equídeos, causado por Burkholderia (B.) mallei. De janeiro de 2005 até dezembro de 2017, 697 focos da doença foram registrados no Brasil, sendo que a região Nordeste detém 61,4% (428/697) do total de focos. Objetivou-se realizar um estudo epidemiológico da infecção por Burkholderia mallei em propriedades nos estados de Pernambuco, Paraíba, Ceará e Alagoas. Para tal foi aplicado questionário investigativo em seis fazendas onde houve caso de Mormo e 11 fazendas em que não houve relato entre 2007 e 2011 e realizada análise estatística dos fatores de manejo associados à ocorrência do Mormo no Nordeste do Brasil. Observou-se associação significativa para as seguintes variáveis: objetivo da criação (comércio, esporte e trabalho nas fazendas) (P = 0,023); ausência de informação sobre as formas de transmissão da bactéria (P = 0,034); não realização de exames periódicos para o diagnóstico do mormo (P = 0,029); exigência de exame negativo na compra de equinos (P = 0,06); utilização do sistema de criação extensivo (P = 0,027) e deficiência de higienização das baias (P = 001). Os resultados obtidos devem ser utilizados na implementação de medidas de manejo que minimizem o risco de transmissão da bactéria, reduzindo os casos da doença na região e as perdas econômicas com o mormo. RESUMO infectocontagiosa zoonótica crônico equídeos B. B (B. 200 2017 69 Brasil 614 61 4 61,4 428/697 428697 428 (428/697 Objetivouse Objetivou se Pernambuco Paraíba Alagoas 1 201 Observouse Observou variáveis comércio, comércio (comércio P 0,023 0023 0 023 0,023) 0,034 0034 034 0,034) 0,029 0029 029 0,029) 0,06 006 06 0,06) 0,027 0027 027 001. 001 . 001) (B 20 6 61, 428/69 42869 42 (428/69 0,02 002 02 0,03 003 03 0,0 00 2 428/6 4286 (428/6 0, 428/ (428/ (428 (42 (4 (

ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that results in dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which is a chloride and bicarbonate channel expressed in the apical portion of epithelial cells of various organs. Dysfunction of that protein results in diverse clinical manifestations, primarily involving the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, impairing quality of life and reducing life expectancy. Although CF is still an incurable pathology, the therapeutic and prognostic perspectives are now totally different and much more favorable. The purpose of these guidelines is to define evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of pharmacological agents in the treatment of the pulmonary symptoms of CF in Brazil. Questions in the Patients of interest, Intervention to be studied, Comparison of interventions, and Outcome of interest (PICO) format were employed to address aspects related to the use of modulators of this protein (ivacaftor, lumacaftor+ivacaftor, and tezacaftor+ivacaftor), use of dornase alfa, eradication therapy and chronic suppression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia cepacia complex. To formulate the PICO questions, a group of Brazilian specialists was assembled and a systematic review was carried out on the themes, with meta-analysis when applicable. The results obtained were analyzed in terms of the strength of the evidence compiled, the recommendations being devised by employing the GRADE approach. We believe that these guidelines represent a major advance to be incorporated into the approach to patients with CF, mainly aiming to favor the management of the disease, and could become an auxiliary tool in the definition of public policies related to CF. (CF CFTR (CFTR organs manifestations systems expectancy pathology favorable evidencebased based Brazil studied interventions (PICO ivacaftor, ivacaftor (ivacaftor lumacaftorivacaftor lumacaftor lumacaftor+ivacaftor tezacaftor+ivacaftor, tezacaftorivacaftor tezacaftor+ivacaftor , tezacaftor tezacaftor+ivacaftor) alfa aeruginosa methicillinresistant methicillin resistant complex questions themes metaanalysis meta analysis applicable compiled

RESUMO A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença genética que resulta em disfunção da proteína reguladora de condutância transmembrana da FC (CFTR), que é um canal de cloro e bicarbonato expresso na porção apical de células epiteliais de diversos órgãos. A disfunção dessa proteína resulta em manifestações clínicas diversas, envolvendo primariamente os sistemas respiratório e gastrointestinal com redução da qualidade e expectativa de vida. A FC ainda é uma patologia incurável, porém o horizonte terapêutico e prognóstico é hoje totalmente distinto e muito mais favorável. O objetivo destas diretrizes foi definir recomendações brasileiras baseadas em evidências em relação ao emprego de agentes farmacológicos no tratamento pulmonar da FC. As perguntas PICO (acrônimo baseado em perguntas referentes aos Pacientes de interesse, Intervenção a ser estudada, Comparação da intervenção e Outcome [desfecho] de interesse) abordaram aspectos relativos ao uso de moduladores de CFTR (ivacaftor, lumacaftor + ivacaftor e tezacaftor + ivacaftor), uso de dornase alfa, terapia de erradicação e supressão crônica de Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e erradicação de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina e do complexo Burkholderia cepacia. Para a formulação das perguntas, um grupo de especialistas brasileiros foi reunido e realizou-se uma revisão sistemática sobre os temas, com meta-análise quando aplicável. Os resultados encontrados foram analisados quanto à força das evidências compiladas, sendo concebidas recomendações seguindo a metodologia GRADE. Os autores acreditam que o presente documento represente um importante avanço a ser incorporado na abordagem de pacientes com FC, objetivando principalmente favorecer seu manejo, podendo se tornar uma ferramenta auxiliar na definição de políticas públicas relacionadas à FC. (FC CFTR, , (CFTR) órgãos diversas vida incurável favorável acrônimo interesse estudada desfecho [desfecho ivacaftor, (ivacaftor ivacaftor) alfa aeruginosa cepacia realizouse realizou temas metaanálise meta análise aplicável compiladas GRADE manejo (CFTR

ABSTRACT: Glanders is an infectious disease of equids caused by Burkholderia mallei, a facultative intracellular non-mobile Gram-negative bacterium that can be transmitted to other animals and humans. This study described glanders cases reported in the state of Maranhão, located within an Amazon-Cerrado transition region in northeastern Brazil, from 2007 to 2017. A database in an electronic spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel 2010) was developed containing information on the number of positive animals according to age, sex, purpose, year and month, municipality and mesoregion of origin of the animal. The descriptive analyzis was performed on data provided by the State Agency for Agricultural and Livestock Protection of the state of Maranhão (AGED), and by the official private laboratory. As the database did not have information data about negative animals, possible risk factors could not be evaluated. Among the total of 62,555 equids were evaluated by means of the complement fixation test (CFT), 59,036 were horses, 2,981 mules and 538 donkeys. Thirty-five samples (0.06%) reacted in the CFT. Five additional samples were by the western blot technique and three of them were positive. All the reactive horses (Equuscaballus) were from rural areas. Results presented here indicate that glanders may be endemic in the state of Maranhão and is a public health concern. ABSTRACT mallei nonmobile non mobile Gramnegative Gram humans AmazonCerrado Amazon Cerrado Brazil 200 2017 Microsoft 2010 age sex purpose month animal AGED, AGED , (AGED) laboratory 62555 62 555 62,55 CFT, CFT (CFT) 59036 59 036 59,03 2981 2 981 2,98 53 donkeys Thirtyfive Thirty five 0.06% 006 0 06 (0.06% Equuscaballus (Equuscaballus areas concern 20 201 (AGED 6255 6 55 62,5 (CFT 5903 5 03 59,0 298 98 2,9 0.06 00 (0.06 625 62, 590 59, 29 9 2, 0.0 (0.0 0. (0. (0 (

RESUMO: O mormo é uma doença infecciosa de equídeos causada por Burkholderia mallei, uma bactéria Gram-negativa intracelular, não móvel e facultativa que pode ser transmitida a outros animais e humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os casos de mormo relatados no estado do Maranhão, em uma região de transição Amazônia-Cerrado do Nordeste do Brasil, no período de 2007 a 2017. Um banco de dados em uma planilha eletrônica (Microsoft Excel 2010) foi desenvolvido contendo informações sobre o número de animais positivos de acordo com a idade, sexo, finalidade, ano, mês, municípios e mesorregiões de origem do animal. A análise descritiva foi realizada sobre os dados fornecidos pela Agência Estadual de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado do Maranhão (AGED), e pelo laboratório privado oficial. Como o banco de dados não possui informações sobre animais negativos, possíveis fatores de risco não puderam ser avaliados. Entre o total de 62.555 equídeos foram avaliados com o teste de fixação do complemento (CFT), 59.036 eram cavalos, 2.981 mulas e 538 jumentos. Trinta e cinco (0,06%) amostras reagiram ao CFT. Cinco amostras adicionais foram testadas pela técnica de western blot e três foram positivas. Todos os animais positivos foram cavalos (Equus caballus) da área rural. Os resultados indicam que o mormo pode ser endêmico no estado do Maranhão e uma preocupação de saúde pública. RESUMO mallei Gramnegativa Gram negativa intracelular humanos AmazôniaCerrado Amazônia Cerrado Brasil 200 2017 Microsoft 2010 idade sexo finalidade ano mês animal AGED, AGED , (AGED) oficial negativos 62555 62 555 62.55 CFT, CFT (CFT) 59036 59 036 59.03 2981 2 981 2.98 53 jumentos 0,06% 006 0 06 (0,06% positivas Equus caballus rural pública 20 201 (AGED 6255 6 55 62.5 (CFT 5903 5 03 59.0 298 98 2.9 0,06 00 (0,06 625 62. 590 59. 29 9 2. 0,0 (0,0 0, (0, (0 (

ABSTRACT: Glanders is a disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei that primarily affects horses, mules and donkeys. The disease can cause lesions in the skin, lungs and several other organs. However, it often manifests as an asymptomatic disease. In Brazil, serological tests of high sensitivity and specificity are used to assist in the detection of antibodies against B. mallei and to contribute to the control of the disease. However, due to the mandatory euthanasia of seroreactive animals, equids with positive serology for B. mallei and asymptomatic generated great conflicts between breeders, veterinarians and diagnostic laboratories. This study clarifies the limitations of complementary diagnostic tests for detecting B. mallei. It describes the clinical, morphological and laboratory findings in 24 equines from different municipalities in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil, which reacted to the complement fixation test and were positive in the western blotting test for glanders. Data and tissue samples were collected from 24 horses for histological, microbiological and molecular analysis. In 23 horses, no clinical signs, morphological alterations, microbiological isolation, or molecular detection would characterize B. mallei infection. On the other hand, samples from an asymptomatic horse without lesional alterations showed sequence amplification compatible with B. mallei in the PCR. Considering that the infection by B. mallei is subject to the application of animal sanitary defense measures and that, by international requirement and national legislation, the serological results are tools that should support the sanitation procedures for the error of the bacteria in the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. ABSTRACT donkeys skin organs However Brazil B animals breeders laboratories 2 State glanders histological analysis signs isolation hand PCR legislation

RESUMO: Mormo é uma enfermidade causada pela bactéria Burkholderia mallei que acomete primariamente cavalos, mulas e burros. A doença pode causar lesões na pele, pulmões e em diversos outros órgãos, entretanto frequentemente manifesta-se como uma enfermidade assintomática. No Brasil são utilizados testes sorológicos de elevada sensibilidade e especificidade para auxiliar na detecção de anticorpos contra B. mallei e contribuir para controle da doença. Porém, devido à obrigatoriedade da eutanásia de animais sororeagentes, os equídeos com sorologia positiva para B. mallei e assintomáticos geraram grandes embates entre criadores, médicos-veterinários e laboratórios de diagnóstico. Este trabalho esclarece as limitações dos testes diagnósticos complementares para detecção de B. mallei e descreve os achados clínicos, morfológicos e de exames laboratoriais em 24 equídeos, procedentes de diferentes municípios do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, que reagiram ao teste de fixação de complemento e foram positivos no teste de “western blotting” para mormo. Foram colhidos dados e amostras de tecidos de 24 equídeos para análise histológica, microbiológica e molecular. Em 23 equídeos não existiam sinais clínicos, alterações morfológicas, isolamento microbiológico ou detecção molecular que caracterizassem infecção por B. mallei. Por outro lado, amostras de um cavalo assintomático e sem alterações lesionais apresentaram amplificação de sequência compatível com B. mallei na PCR. Considerando que a infecção por B. mallei é passível da aplicação de medidas de defesa sanitária animal e que por exigência internacional e da legislação nacional, os resultados sorológicos são ferramentas que devem amparar os procedimentos de saneamento para erradicação da bactéria no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. RESUMO cavalos burros pele órgãos manifestase manifesta se assintomática B Porém sororeagentes criadores médicosveterinários médicos veterinários diagnóstico clínicos 2 Grosso western blotting mormo histológica morfológicas lado PCR nacional

Abstract The taxonomy of Burkholderia sensu lato (s.l.) has been revisited using genome-based tools, which have helped differentiate closely related species. Many species from this group are indistinguishable through phenotypic traits and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Furthermore, they also exhibit whole-genome Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) values in the twilight zone for species circumscription (95-96%), which may impair their correct classification. In this work, we provided an updated Burkholderia s.l. taxonomy focusing on closely related species and give other recommendations for those developing genome-based taxonomy studies. We showed that a combination of ANI and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) applying the universal cutoff values of 95% and 70%, respectively, successfully discriminates Burkholderia s.l. species. Using genome metrics with this pragmatic criterion, we demonstrated that i) Paraburkholderia insulsa should be considered a later heterotypic synonym of Paraburkholderia fungorum; ii) Paraburkholderia steynii differs from P. terrae by harboring symbiotic genes; iii) some Paraburkholderia are indeed different species based on dDDH values, albeit sharing ANI values close to 95%; iv) some Burkholderia s.l. indeed represent new species from the genomic viewpoint; iv) some genome sequences should be evaluated with care due to quality concerns. sl s l (s.l. genomebased tools S analysis Furthermore wholegenome whole (ANI 9596%, 9596 95 96% , 96 (95-96%) classification work s.l studies DNADNA DNA (dDDH 70 70% respectively criterion i fungorum ii P genes iii iv viewpoint concerns (s.l 9596% 959 9 (95-96% 7 (95-96 (95-9 (95- (95 (9 (

Resumen Introducción: En los niños, la bacteriemia debida a Burkholderia cepacia, es considerada una complicación grave y conducente a una elevada mortalidad. Con el objetivo de conocer la mortalidad asociada a esa condición, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica. Material y Métodos: Se aplicó una estrategia de búsqueda bibliográfica con las palabras claves: “bacteriemia por B. cepacia”, “humanos”, “niños” y “adolescentes”, como únicos filtros. Se informan la mediana y los valores intercuartílicos de la frecuencia de la mortalidad reportada por los estudios incluidos. Resultados: Se identificaron 92 estudios potencialmente útiles. De ellos, se descartaron 81, incluyéndose finalmente, 11 estudios. Se trató de descripciones retrospectivas de casos, salvo uno de ellos, que respondió a un diseño analítico caso-control. La mediana de la mortalidad reportada por esta revisión, fue 0 (Q25 = 0 y Q75 = 28,57%). Interpretación: Si bien la evidencia disponible es escasa y de baja calidad, sugiere que el curso clínico de esta afección no siempre resulta en una elevada mortalidad.

Abstract Background: Bacteremia due to Burkolderia cepacia in children is considered a severe complication and associated with high mortality incidence. In order to know the level of mortality associated with it, this systematic review of the literature was carried out. Methods: A search strategy was carried out with the keywords: “bacteremia by B cepacia and human” and “children” and “adolescents” as filters. Global frequency of mortality reported by the included studies was calculated and informed as median (Q2) and its interquartile values (Q1 and Q3). Results: The search identified 92 potentially useful studies. Of these, 81 were discarded, and then remained 11 studies to be included. One out of 11 studies is an analytic case-control design. Rest are retrospective case series. Related mortality median was 0 (Q25 = 0 and Q75 = 28,57%). Conclusion: Although the available evidence is scarce and of low quality, it suggests that clinical course of this condition does not always lead to high mortality rates.

Abstract Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). CFTR is a protein that transports ions across the membrane of lung epithelial cells. Loss of its function leads to the production of thick sticky mucus, where various bacterial pathogens can establish and adapt, contributing to the gradual loss of lung function. In this review, evidence of the molecular mechanisms used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia to survive and persist in the pulmonary environment will be provided. Additionally, new therapeutic strategies based on CFTR function modulators will be described.

Resumen La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria autosómica recesiva que se origina por mutaciones en el gen regulador de conductancia transmembranal de la fibrosis quística (CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). El CFTR es una proteína que transporta iones a través de la membrana de las células epiteliales pulmonares. La pérdida de su función conlleva la producción de un moco pegajoso y espeso, donde se pueden establecer y adaptar diversos patógenos bacterianos que contribuyen a la pérdida gradual de la función pulmonar. En este artículo de revisión se dará evidencia de los mecanismos moleculares que utilizan Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Burkholderia cenocepacia para sobrevivir y persistir en el ambiente pulmonar. Adicionalmente, se describirán las nuevas estrategias de terapia a base de moduladores de la función del CFTR.

Summary Movies are a helpful tool to learn and teach which allow us to depict from different points of view the complexity of the illness. In this paper we focus on the educational tools we saw in the movie Five feet apart about cystic fibrosis, where we can see the daily aspects that patients have to endure in a hospital, from their feeding, treatment and infections, as well as the importance of physical contact with the people around because they must keep a distance of 2 m between them. It also depicts the infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria like Burkholderia cepacia and the alternative methods to treat it like lung transplant which allows patients to extend their life expectancy.

Resumen El cine es una efectiva herramienta de enseñanza - aprendizaje que permite ilustrar desde diversos enfoques los procesos complejos de la enfermedad. En este artículo hacemos hincapié sobre estas herramientas educativas que nos brinda la película A dos metros de ti / Five feet apart, sobre la fibrosis quística. En la que se retratan los aspectos diarios que sobrellevan los pacientes dentro de un hospital desde su alimentación, tratamiento e infecciones. A la vez, la necesidad del contacto físico que tienen con las personas que conviven; ya que estos pacientes deben mantenerse alejados entre sí, a dos metros de distancia. Además, trata de las infecciones causadas por bacterias multirresistentes como Burkholderia cepacia y métodos alternativos como el proceso de trasplante pulmonar que permite prolongar la vida en paciente con fibrosis quística.

Resumen (Introducción): La biorremediación es una tecnología que utiliza microorganismos (bacterias, hongos, algas) o enzimas, para biodegradar contaminantes del petróleo y derivados y como otros contaminantes que están presentes en suelo, aire o agua. En América Latina, existe un alto grado de contaminación de sus ecosistemas; por tanto, esta tecnología es viable económica y ambientalmente para degradar contaminantes. Los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos como asfaltenos y resinas son difíciles de degradar, así como los alifáticos y bifenilos policlorados. (Objetivo): Se busca dar una visión general de las publicaciones recientes sobre investigaciones científicas realizadas y metodologías de biorremediación de suelos contaminados por petróleo y sus derivados. (Metodología): Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura científica de los últimos años, relacionada con el tema propuesto en bases de datos bibliográficas: Medline, Current Contents, PubMed, Google scholar, SciFinder, Scopus y en revistas especializadas: Chemosphere, Microbiología Aplicada, Biodegradation & Biodeterior, Sociedad Americana de Microbiología, Microbiología Frontal, Sci Total Environ. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron en español o inglés. (Resultados): Los hidrocarburos poliaromáticos pueden ser biodegradados por diferentes bacterias que biodegradan solas o en consorcio, como el fenantreno (compuesto aromático) que fue biodegradado por 11 cepas bacterianas diferentes ( Sphingobium, Sphingomonas, Acidovorax, Alkaligenes, Actinobacteria, Burkholderia sp., Rhizobium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas y Sinorhizobium ). En biorremediación, se considera importante las variables fisicoquímicas, como el pH, temperatura, oxígeno y la humedad, al ser factores que influyen en el éxito del tratamiento. (Conclusiones): Se buscó aportar con esta revisión, soluciones viables a variados problemas de contaminación por hidrocarburos de los ecosistemas latinoamericanos.

Abstract (Introduction): Bioremediation is a technology that uses microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae) or enzymes to biodegrade oil pollutants and derivatives and other pollutants that are present in soil, air, or water. In Latin America there is a high degree of pollution of its ecosystems, therefore, this technology is economically and environmentally viable to degrade these pollutants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as asphaltenes and resins, are difficult to degrade, as well as polychlorinated aliphatics and biphenyls. (Objective): It seeks to give an overview of recent publications on scientific research carried out regarding bioremediation methodologies for soils contaminated by oil and its derivatives. (Methodology): An exhaustive search of the scientific literature of recent years was carried out, related to the proposed topic in bibliographic databases: Medline, Current Contents, PubMed, Google scholar, SciFinder, Scopus and in specialized journals: Chemosphere, Applied Microbiology, Biodegradation & Biodeterior, American Society for Microbiology, Frontal Microbiology, Sci Total Environ. The keywords used were in Spanish or English. (Results): Polyaromatic hydrocarbons can be biodegraded by bacterial consortia, such as phenanthrene (aromatic compound) which was biodegraded by 11 different bacterial strains (Sphingobium, Sphingomonas, Acidovorax, Alkaligenes, Actinobacteria, Burkholderia sp., Rhizobium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas and Sinorhizobium). In bioremediation, physicochemical variables such as pH, temperature, oxygen, and humidity are considered important, as they are factors that influence the success of the treatment. (Conclusions): With this bibliographic review, we seek to provide viable solutions to various hydrocarbon pollution problems in Latin American ecosystems.