Resumo A alga calcária (Lithothamnium calcareum) é fonte de minerais orgânicos e tem sido utilizada como alimento alternativo na nutrição de aves. O objetivo foi avaliar níveis de alga calcária na dieta de poedeiras semipesadas nas fases de recria e pré-postura sobre variáveis de desempenho e termorregulação. Foram utilizadas 144 galinhas semipesadas da linhagem Hisex Brown, com idade entre 12 a 18 semanas, nas fases de recria e pré-postura, alimentadas com 4 níveis de alga calcária (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) em substituição ao calcário calcítico, seis repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliados consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, peso corporal e viabilidade, termorregulação através da temperatura cloacal (°C), temperatura corporal média (°C) e temperatura média da pele (°C). Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) na termorregulação das aves. Houve diferença (P<0,05) para o consumo de ração na fase de pré-postura, os demais parâmetros não apresentaram diferença (P>0,05). A inclusão de até 30% de alga calcária na dieta de poedeiras semipesadas nas fases de recria e pré-postura não afetou o desempenho e a termorregulação das aves. Portanto, é possível substituir até 30% de alga calcária por calcário calcítico na dieta de poedeiras semipesadas. Lithothamnium calcareum prépostura pré postura 14 Brown 1 semanas prépostura, postura, 0%, 0 (0% 10 10% 20 20% 30 experimental casualizado alimentar viabilidade °C, C °C , (°C °C. . P>0,05 P005 P 05 (P>0,05 P<0,05 (P<0,05 P>0,05. Portanto 0% (0 2 3 P>0,0 P00 (P>0,0 P<0,0 (P<0,0 ( P>0, P0 (P>0, P<0, (P<0, P>0 (P>0 P<0 (P<0 P> (P> P< (P< (P

Abstract Calcareous seaweed (Lithothamnium calcareum) is a source of organic minerals and has been used as an alternative food in poultry nutrition. The objective is to evaluate the levels of calcareous algae in the diet of chickens during the rearing and pre-laying phases, as also on the performance and thermoregulation variables. One hundred and forty-four semi-heavy Hisex Brown hens, aged 12 to 18 weeks, were used in the rearing and pre-laying stages. They were fed with four levels of calcareous algae (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%), which were used in place of the calcitic limestone. Six replications and six birds were used per experimental unit, distributed in a completely randomized design. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, body weight, viability, and thermoregulation through cloacal temperature (°C), mean body temperature (°C), and mean skin temperature (°C) were evaluated. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the thermoregulation of the birds. There was a difference (P < 0.05) in the feed intake during the pre-laying phase, however, the other parameters showed no difference (P > 0.05). The inclusion of up to 30% calcareous algae in the diet of semi-heavy laying hens in the rearing and pre-laying phases did not affect the performance or thermoregulation of the birds. Therefore, it is possible to substitute calcitic limestone with up to 30% of the calcareous algae in the diet of semi-heavy laying hens. Lithothamnium calcareum nutrition prelaying pre variables fortyfour forty semiheavy semi heavy 1 weeks stages 0%, 0 (0% 10 10% 20 20% 30%, 30 , 30%) unit design gain conversion viability °C, C °C (°C evaluated P 0.05 005 05 phase however 0.05. . Therefore 0% (0 2 3 0.0 00 ( 0.

Resumen Introduccción: Los beneficios terapéuticos del fucoidan de algas pardas en el tratamiento del cáncer de mama han despertado gran interés en los últimos años. Sin embargo, las investigaciones con esferoides son limitadas, éstos proporcionan resultados relevantes en ensayos de productos antitumorales e inmunomoduladores porque simulan adecuadamente el microambiente tumoral. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antitumoral e inmunomoduladora del fucoidan de Lessonia trabeculata (LtF), nativa del Mar Peruano, en dos tipos de esferoides tumorales multicelulares. Métodos: El estudio se realizó de enero a diciembre de 2021. Se elaboraron dos tipos de esferoides: con células tumorales 4T1 (MTS) y con células tumorales 4T1+esplenocitos de ratón (MTSs). La actividad antitumoral de LtF se evaluó en MTS cuantificando la viabilidad celular con MTT. La inmunomodulación se determinó en MTSs utilizando la IC50 para dos tipos de tratamiento: simple, fucoidan solo (LtF) y combinado, fucoidan+doxorubicina (LtF+Dox). La producción de citoquinas proinflamatorias (TNF-α, IL-6) y antiinflamatorias (IL-10, TGF-β) se cuantificó mediante ELISA sándwich 72 h post-tratamiento. En todos los ensayos se utilizó Dox como control positivo. Resultados: En los MTS, el LtF ejerció actividad antitumoral evidenciada por aumento de la zona necrótica y formación de restos celulares respecto al control no tratado. La actividad antitumoral fue concentración-dependiente entre 100 y 6 000 μg/ml. En los MTSs, con el tratamiento simple se incrementó IL-6 y disminuyeron IL-10 y TGF-β. El tratamiento combinado redujo significativamente la producción de TGF-β. Los dos tratamientos y Dox incrementaron IL-6 respecto al control no tratado. La mayor producción de IL-10 y TGF-β se observó en los no tratados, compatible con un microambiente tumoral altamente inmunosupresor. Conclusiones: El LtF es un buen candidato para tratar el cáncer de mama y puede inmunomodular el microambiente tumoral solo o en combinación con Dox.

Abstract Introduction: The therapeutic benefits of the brown algae fucoidan in the treatment of breast cancer have attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, research using spheroids which provide relevant results in trials for antitumor and immunomodulatory products because they adequately simulate the tumor microenvironment, is limited. Objective: To evaluate the antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of Lessonia trabeculata fucoidan (LtF), native to the Peruvian Sea, on two types of multicellular tumor spheroids. Methods: The study was conducted from January to December 2021. Two types of spheroides were elaborated: from 4T1 tumor cells (MTS), and from 4T1 tumor cells+mouse splenocytes (MTSs). The antitumor activity of LtF was evaluated in MTS by quantifying cell viability with MTT. Immunomodulatory activity was determined in MTSs using the IC50 for two types of treatment: simple, fucoidan alone (LtF) and combined, fucoidan+doxorubicin (LtF+Dox). Pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokine production was quantified by sandwich ELISA 72 h after treatment. Dox was used as positive control in all assays. Results: LtF exerted antitumor activity as evidenced by increased necrotic zone and cell debris formation compared to the untreated control. Antitumor activity was concentration dependent between 100 and 6 000 μg/ml. In MTSs, simple treatment increased IL-6 and decreased IL-10 and TGF-β production. The combined treatment significantly reduced TGF-β production. In both treatments and Dox, there was an increase in IL-6 compared to the untreated control. The highest production of IL-10 and TGF-β was observed in the untreated control, compatible with a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: LtF is a good candidate for the treatment of breast cancer and can immunomodulate the tumor microenvironment alone or in combination with Dox.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maytenus buxifolia subsp. cajalbanica Borhidi & O. Muñiz, Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Rob, mucuna (Mucuna pruriens [L] DC. vc. utilis, Stizolobium niveum y Stizolobium aterrimum), Coccoloba cowellii Britton plants and the brown algae Sargasssum fluitams present potential for their use in medicinal chemistry and agriculture. The objective of this work was to study their extracts using phytochemical techniques of isolation, characterization, identification and quantification of their secondary metabolites, as well as by evaluating their biological activity. Methods: They were isolated and characterized the flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactone reported by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, respectively. They were identified and quantified metabolites by tandem mass spectrometry in the direct injection mode of the sample and coupled to a high-resolution liquid ultra-chromatograph. It was determined antioxidant activity in vitro by the trapping capacity of the DPPH radical and the reduction of ferric iron in the FRAP assay and in vivo using rats as a laboratory animal in a carbon tetrachloride-induced intoxication model. It was evaluated in vitro antiviral activity against Dengue virus 2 and human enteroviruses: coxsackievirus A16, echovirus 9 and coxsackievirus A24. Results: They were identified Polyphenolic compounds of the family of proanthocyanidins and flavonoids in most of the plants studied. They were isolated one sesquiterpene lactone novel to science and seven flavonoids. They were quantified different types of metabolites and especially the major flavonoids of Ageratina havanensis by tandem mass spectrometry coupled to a high-resolution liquid ultrachromatograph. They were found antioxidant and antiviral properties and effects on P-glycoprotein function in the plants studied. Conclusions: They were identified polyphenol compounds in most of the plants studied, which justifies the biological properties found in their extracts. Furthermore, it was isolated and identified a sesquiterpene lactone for the first time. These results constitute an important contribution to the knowledge of our flora and its potential in bioactive natural products.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las plantas Maytenus buxifolia subsp. cajalbanica Borhidi & Muñiz, Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Rob, mucuna (Mucuna pruriens [L] DC. vc. utilis, Stizolobium niveum y Stizolobium aterrimum), Coccoloba cowellii Britton y el alga parda Sargasssum fluitams presentan potencialidades para su utilización en la química medicinal y en la agricultura. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar los extractos de estas especies mediante técnicas fitoquímicas de aislamiento, caracterización, identificación y cuantificación de sus metabolitos secundarios, así como mediante la evaluación de su actividad biológica. Métodos: Los flavonoides y la lactona sesquiterpénica reportados se aislaron y caracterizaron mediante técnicas cromatográficas y espectroscópicas respectivamente. Se identificaron y cuantificaron metabolitos mediante espectrometría de masas en tándem en el modo de inyección directa de la muestra y acoplado a un ultracromatógrafo líquido de alta resolución. La actividad antioxidante se determinó in vitro por la capacidad de atrapamiento del radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo y la reducción del hierro férrico en el ensayo del poder antioxidante reductor de iones férricos e in vivo utilizando las ratas como animal de laboratorio en un modelo de intoxicación inducida con tetracloruro de carbono. Se evaluó la actividad antiviral in vitro frente al virus del dengue 2 y los enterovirus humanos: coxsackievirus A16, echovirus 9 y coxsackievirus A24. Resultados: Se identificaron compuestos polifenólicos de la familia de las proantocianidinas y flavonoides en la mayoría de las plantas estudiadas. Se aislaron 1 lactona sesquiterpénica novedosa para la ciencia y 7 flavonoides. Se cuantificaron diferentes tipos de metabolitos y en especial los flavonoides mayoritarios de Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R. M. King & H. Rob por espetrometría de masas en tándem acoplado a un ultracromatógrafo líquido de alta resolución. Se encontraron propiedades antioxidantes, antivirales y efectos sobre la función de la glicoproteína P en las plantas estudiadas. Conclusiones: Se identificaron compuestos polifenoles en la mayoría de las plantas estudiadas lo que justifica las propiedades biológicas encontradas en sus extractos. Se aisló e identificó una lactona sesquiterpénica por primera vez. Estos resultados constituyen una importante contribución al conocimiento de nuestra flora y de su potencialidad en productos naturales bioactivos.

Composite films are an alternative in the replacement of synthetic polymers. These films can be prepared from polysaccharides and used to store various drugs to be applied in different areas. In addition, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) is an ethylene inhibitor that prolongs shelf life of food. For this reason, this research aimed to take advantage of the brown algae Macrocystis pyrifera and Lessonia trabeculata to extract sodium alginate and produce films composed of sodium alginate/kappa-carrageenan/iota-carrageenan, which were plasticized with glycerol and polyethylene glycol 400 and loaded with aminoethoxyvinylglycine. The extracted sodium alginate was characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS), thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD); and the composite films were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG/DTG, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the drug release kinetics were investigated using Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic models. The extracted alginates obtained were of low molecular weight, and the films showed desirable properties for AVG release. Furthermore, drug release profiles revealed that AVG release is governed by Fick’s Law, and this is favored at low temperatures. In summary, sodium alginate allows the preparation of composite films, which can replace synthetic polymers to be used in the loading and releasing of drugs. areas addition (AVG food reason alginate/kappacarrageenan/iotacarrageenan, alginatekappacarrageenaniotacarrageenan alginate/kappa carrageenan/iota carrageenan, kappa carrageenan iota alginate/kappa-carrageenan/iota-carrageenan 40 H C NMR, NMR , (NMR) multiangle multi angle SECMALS, SECMALS SEC MALS (SEC-MALS) TGDTG TG/DTG TG DTG (TG/DTG) FTIR (FTIR) Xray X ray XRD (XRD) SEM. SEM . (SEM) Then KorsmeyerPeppas Korsmeyer Peppas models weight Furthermore Ficks Fick s Law temperatures summary kappacarrageenan iotacarrageenan alginate/kappacarrageenan/iotacarrageenan alginatekappa carrageenaniota 4 (NMR (SEC-MALS (TG/DTG (FTIR (XRD (SEM

Abstract: The coastal waters of Ecuador have emerged as a favorable environment for the growth and development of several species of edible macroalgae or seaweeds. In this study, fatty acid profiles, total soluble polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity of seven species of macroalgae (four red algae, two brown algae and one green algae) collected from Salinas Bay, Santa Elena Province, Ecuador, were evaluated. Saturated fatty acids C14:0, C15:0, C16:0 and C18:0 were found in almost all organisms, from which palmitic acid showed the highest proportion (10.7-37.1%). Green and brown seaweeds exhibited a major content of unsaturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acid composition was represented by several isomers of C16:1 and C18:1, mainly palmitoleic (3.0-6.6%) and oleic (0.8-11.1%) acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acid composition ranged from 5.47 to 26.61%, with ratios of total n-6/n-3 acids lower than 3.3. Linoleic (C18:2, n-6, 1.16-7.73%) and eicosapentaenoic (C22:5, EPA, n-3, 1.44-5.92%) acids were found in the majority of the seaweeds. The total polyphenol content of the seaweeds was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method (765 nm), and ranged from 147.28 to 1,062.20 mg equivalents of gallic acid (GAE) per 100 g of dry seaweed. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (517 nm). Only Acanthophora spicifera, Spatoglossum schroederi, and Ulva lactuca showed good radical-scavenging (14.18-3,379.47 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) per 100 g of dry seaweed). The results confirm the potential use of macroalgae in the study area as an important source of nutritional compounds, especially brown and green algae, which could be a recommended food supplement even in the treatment of some diseases.

ABSTRACT Algae drifts are a source of raw material for obtaining flours, liquid extracts with bioactive molecules, and polysaccharides. In the last group, are found the alginates, which extracted from brown algae, with wide application in various industries. In agricultural industry, this natural polymer is frequency use in the form of his degradation products, indeed like alginate oligosaccharides. This review focuses in the principal methods for alginate extraction, and preparation of its oligosaccharides, besides a briefly summary of oligosaccharides bioactivity in agriculture. A protocol simple and efficient for obtaining oligosaccharide would contribute to the reduction of importations, the substitution and/or reduction of agrochemicals in agriculture and the recycling of marine waste, promoting food production and the preservation of the environment.

RESUMEN Las algas de arribazón constituyen fuente de materia prima para la obtención de harinas, extractos líquidos con moléculas bioactivas, y polisacáridos. Dentro de este último se encuentran los alginatos, que se extraen a partir de las algas pardas, con amplia aplicación en diversas industrias. En la agricultura, este polímero natural se utiliza con frecuencia en forma de oligosacáridos de alginato (productos de degradación). En este trabajo, se hace una revisión de los principales métodos de extracción de alginato y de obtención de sus oligosacáridos, así como un breve resumen de su bioactividad en la agricultura. Disponer de un protocolo simple, eficaz y eficiente para la obtención de oligosacáridos de alginato, contribuiría a reducir importaciones de insumos agropecuarios, la sustitución y/o reducción de agroquímicos y el reciclaje de residuos marinos, potenciando la producción de alimentos y la preservación del medioambiente.

Abstract Tomato mosaic disease caused by Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) reduces tomato crop production globally. Biocontrol measures using various rhizobacteria and algae have been developed to reduce the adverse effects of plant diseases. To this end, two rhizobacteria (probiotic bacteria) including Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and aqueous extract of brown alga (Sargassum angustifolium) were applied. A certain concentration of bacterial suspension was added to the tomato rhizosphere along with the aqueous extract of brown alga and the plants were subsequently inoculated with ToMV. Semi-quantitative indirect-ELISA was performed to estimate the virus titer within inoculated plants. Also, the disease severity index was determined by visual scoring of the plants at 14 and 28 days post-inoculation. Growth indices of plants were evaluated and the data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that multiple treatments of the rhizobacteria and the aqueous extract of brown alga reduced the disease severity to 27.46%, and inhibit the ToMV accumulation up to 86.48% in tomato plants. Moreover, the growth indices of tomato plants pre-treated with a combination of the rhizobacteria and brown alga extract were significantly improved. Taken together, the results suggest that these biocontrol agents have a synergistic effect and their simultaneous application can, therefore, reduce the crop loss caused by ToMV. (ToMV globally diseases end probiotic bacteria fluorescens subtilis Sargassum angustifolium applied Semiquantitative Semi quantitative indirectELISA indirect ELISA Also 1 2 postinoculation. postinoculation post inoculation. inoculation post-inoculation analyzed 2746 27 46 27.46% 8648 86 48 86.48 Moreover pretreated pre treated improved together can therefore 274 4 27.46 864 8 86.4 27.4 86. 27.

Resumen Las especies de Lobophora (Dictyotales) se distribuyen en mares tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. Estudios recientes revelaron una alta diversidad de especies en regiones en las que se había reportado únicamente una especie, como el mar de Bismarck, Pacífico oriental, Atlántico occidental, mar Mediterráneo y el gran Caribe. En este estudio, se recolectaron ejemplares de Veracruz y Quintana Roo, México, y se secuenciaron 2 genes (cox3 y psbA). Los resultados confirmaron la presencia de L. dispersa y L. variegata. Lobophora dispersa se reporta por primera vez en la costa mexicana. La distribución de sus haplotipos muestra diferenciación genética dentro del gran Caribe y golfo de México, posiblemente indicando dispersión limitada y aislamiento por distancia. Lobophora variegata es menos variable y sus haplotipos no muestran un patrón definido. Lobophora declerckii, reportada en el arrecife "Anegada de Afuera", Veracruz, no fue encontrada, posiblemente debido a su afinidad por profundidades submareales. Morfológicamente, L. dispersa y L. variegata concuerdan con descripciones previas, aunque se encontró mayor variación en el grosor del talo en L. dispersa. Sin embargo, la morfología es insuficiente para determinar las especies con confianza, requiriendo un mayor muestreo para conocer la diversidad de especies en México.

Abstract Species of Lobophora (Dictyotales) are distributed throughout the sub-tropical and tropical seas worldwide. Recent analyses have revealed high species diversity in regions previously presumed to host only a single species, such as the Bismarck Sea, Eastern Pacific, Western Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, and Greater Caribbean. Here, samples from Veracruz and Quintana Roo, Mexico, were collected, and 2 genetic markers (cox3 and psbA) were sequenced. The results confirmed the presence of L. dispersa and L. variegata. Lobophora dispersa is recorded for the first time on the Mexican coast. The distribution of its cox3 haplotypes shows genetic differentiation within the Greater Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, possibly indicating limited dispersal and isolation by distance. Lobophora variegata exhibits lower genetic variability compared to L. dispersa, but its haplotypes did not show any obvious pattern. Lobophora declerckii, previously reported in the "Anegada de Afuera" reef, Veracruz, was not found, possibly due to its affinity to subtidal depths. Morphologically, L. dispersa and L. variegata align with previous descriptions, although we observed more variation in thallus cell thickness in L. dispersa. However, relying solely on morphological characters is insufficient to confidently identify the species, necessitating further sampling to determine the species diversity in Mexico.

Abstract: Background and Aims: During the Seaflower Scientific Expedition in 2019, extensive seaweed collection was carried out around Old Providence and Santa Catalina islands. Despite the intensive phycological studies realized during the past decade, new reports of macroalgae are still recorded for the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve. The objective of this work is to present three new records of brown algae for Colombia. Methods: The algal sampling was carried out in September 2019 during the Seaflower Scientific Expedition. The samples were collected around the Providencia and Santa Catalina islands in coral patches ecosystems, by SCUBA diving at depths between 3 and 16 m. The algae collected were preserved in a 4% formalin/seawater solution. The identification was carried out using optical and stereoscopic microscopes. All specimens were deposited in the herbarium JIW of the Biology Department of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Key results: Three species of brown algae are newly reported for Colombia: Lobophora declerckii, Taonia abbottiana and Verosphacela ebrachia. Verosphacela has been reported, to date, only from the type locality in Florida and from Isla Mujeres, in Mexico. Due to its cryptic and small habit, it may be much more common than actually reported. Lobophora declerckii is apparently the most common species of Lobophora in the Archipelago. Taonia abbottiana may be much more common than reported to date, but it is easily confused with Stypopodium zonale. Conclusions: Despite the intense phycological research carried out in the past decade in the Archipelago of San Andrés, Old Providence and Santa Catalina, there is still much to be discovered.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Durante la Expedición Científica Seaflower realizada en 2019, se hizo una extensa recolecta de macroalgas alrededor de las islas de Providencia y Santa Catalina. No obstante el intenso trabajo ficológico de la última década, se siguen encontrando nuevos registros de macroalgas para la Reserva de la Biosfera Seaflower. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar tres nuevos registros de algas pardas para Colombia. Metodos: El muestreo de algas se realizó en septiembre de 2019 durante la Expedición Científica Seaflower. Las muestras fueron recolectadas alrededor de las islas Providencia y Santa Catalina en ecosistemas de parches de coral, por medio de buceo SCUBA a profundidades entre 3 y 16 m. Las algas recolectadas se conservaron en una solución de formalina/agua de mar al 4%. La identificación se realizó mediante microscopios óptico y estereoscopio. Todos los especímenes fueron depositados en el herbario JIW del Departamento de Biología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, en Bogotá, Colombia. Resultados clave: Tres especies de algas pardas son reportadas por primera vez para Colombia: Lobophora declerckii, Taonia abbottiana y Verosphacela ebrachia. Verosphacela ha sido reportada, hasta la fecha, solamente en la localidad tipo en Florida y en Isla Mujeres, en México. Debido a su hábito pequeño y críptico, puede ser mucho más común de lo actualmente reportado. Lobophora declerckii parece ser la especie más común de Lobophora en el Archipiélago. Taonia abbottiana puede ser mucho más común de lo reportado actualmente, pero es fácilmente confundida con Stypopodium zonale. Conclusión: No obstante la intensa investigación ficológica llevada a cabo en la última década en el Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, hay todavía mucho por descubrir.

Abstract Genus Dictyopteris is an important genus among marine seaweeds and is excessively distributed and known by its ocean smell due to its secondary metabolites including C11-hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. This chemical feature is responsible for its interesting biological properties. This review detected the literature from 1959 to 2021 on the genus Dictyopteris and revealed the secondary metabolites, together with biological activities of the genus Dictyopteris to create the base for additional studies on its clinical and pharmaceutical applications.

Resumen El género Dictyopteris es un género importante entre las algas marinas y está excesivamente distribuido y conocido por su olor a océano debido a sus metabolitos secundarios que incluyen hidrocarburos C11 y compuestos de azufre. Esta característica química es responsable de sus interesantes propiedades biológicas. Esta revisión detectó la literatura de 1959 a 2021 sobre el género Dictyopteris y reveló los metabolitos secundarios, junto con las actividades biológicas del género Dictyopteris, para crear la base para estudios adicionales sobre sus aplicaciones clínicas y farmacéuticas.

Abstract Here we describe a new species of Biancolina from Pernambuco, Brazil, found in association with the brown algae Sargassum spp., between 0.5 and 1.0 m depth. The new species differs from its congeners mainly by the following combination of characters: antenna 1 twice the length of antenna 2, lacinia mobilis present in both mandibles, article 4 of the maxilliped bulbose; coxa 6 with anteroventral lobe well developed as in posteroventral lobe, peduncle of uropod 1 weakly setose, palm of pereopods 5-7 lacking robust seta. This is the first record of Biancolina from the southwestern Atlantic.

Abstract In this research, the effect of light intensity and salinity regimes on the element levels of Treptacantha barbata (formerly Cystoseira barbata) was studied, and the elemental compositions of this brown alga collected from wild stocks also compared with cultured ones. In culture trials, 11 different experiments that have ranges of light intensity as 50 to 150 µmol photon m-2s-1 and salinity as 24 ‰ to 42 ‰ were designed according to response surface methodology (RSM). Our results show that the element accumulation with changes of light intensity and salinity on the T. barbata was modeled. Most of the elements were affected by the salinity instead of light intensity. All macro and microelements were detected within the recommended dosages and exposure limits. In toxic elements, the least accumulations of Al, As, Cd, and Pb were observed in low light and salinity. Also, the levels of all toxic elements, including trace elements that exceed limits, can be reduced with using these models. The most effective experiment was found as 52.0001 µmol photon m-2s-1 light and 24.086 ‰ salinity for minimized toxic element accumulation on T. barbata with 0.869 desirability.

Abstract Background and Aims: Except for the 2020 compilations for red algae and the phycoflora in Mexico, since the catalogs prior to 2001, no other studies have been carried out that involve the review and update of the status of brown algae in the Mexican Atlantic. The aim of this study was to integrate a list of brown algae from the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean in which all taxonomic updates from 2001 to date are considered. Methods: The specialized literature for the region published from 2001 to September 2021 and the database of the Herbarium UAMIZ were consulted for the integration of a phycofloristic list with distribution data. The synonymy and nomenclatural status of each name, as well as the classification system used, were reviewed in AlgaeBase. Key results: An updated list was obtained with 97 species and three infraspecific categories of brown algae, distributed in nine orders, 12 families and 39 genera. Of the total, from 2001 to the present, 41 correspond to additions to the flora, 24 are updated names, 10 are old records that have not been mentioned again and 25 continue to be recorded. Conclusions: The need to carry out floristic studies combined with molecular approaches it is evident, providing support for a more accurate and comprehensive knowledge of Mexican algal resources and making possible the incursion into ecological or biogeographic studies that allow the establishment of proposals for sustainable management or conservation.

Resumen Antecedentes y Objetivos: Con excepción de las compilaciones de 2020 para algas rojas y la ficoflora en México, desde los catálogos previos al 2001, no se han realizado otros trabajos que involucren la revisión y actualización del estatus de las algas pardas en el Atlántico mexicano. El objetivo de este estudio fue integrar un listado de algas pardas del Golfo de México y el Caribe mexicano en el que se consideren todas las actualizaciones taxonómicas de 2001 a la fecha. Métodos: Se consultó la literatura especializada para la región publicada de 2001 a septiembre de 2021 y la base de datos del Herbario UAMIZ para la integración de un listado ficoflorístico con datos de distribución. La sinonimia y el estatus nomenclatural de cada nombre, así como el sistema de clasificación utilizado, fueron revisados en AlgaeBase. Resultados clave: Se obtuvo un listado actualizado con 97 especies y tres categorías infraespecíficas de algas pardas, distribuidas en nueve órdenes, 12 familias y 39 géneros. Del total, del 2001 al presente, 41 corresponden con adiciones a la flora, 24 son nombres actualizados, 10 son registros antiguos que no han vuelto a ser mencionados y 25 siguen siendo citados. Conclusiones: Es evidente la necesidad de realizar estudios florísticos combinados con enfoques moleculares, que proporcionen un respaldo para un conocimiento más certero e integral de los recursos algales mexicanos y que posibiliten la incursión en estudios ecológicos o biogeográficos que permitan establecer propuestas de manejo sustentable o conservación.

Abstract: Tomato is the most cultivated and consumed vegetable in the world and is frequently attacked by various environmental stresses that affect its bioproductivity. Possible solutions to mitigate stress include the use of biostimulants, in particular the use of brown algae extracts that positively affect various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of 17 hydroalcoholic extracts of Sargassum spp. at 1.5% and two control treatments (distilled water and commercial product based on Ascophyllum nodosum) on the growth and antioxidant compounds of tomato seedlings, under a completely random design. The results show that the extract called EAS7 (160 °C/ 30 min/ 50% ethanol) presented the best results. EAS7 increased the height, stem diameter and total fresh and dry matter of tomato seedlings by 8.67, 32.32, 25.03 and 11.59%, respectively, compared to the absolute control (distilled water). Also, EAS7 increased the content of proteins, glutathione, total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity (ABTS) of the leaves by 386.48, 15.92, 22.05, 35.99 and 18.86%, respectively, compared to the absolute control. The application of extracts of Sargassum spp. is a promising alternative to improve the agronomic and antioxidant characteristics of tomato crops.

Resumen: El tomate es la hortaliza más cultivada y consumida a nivel mundial y frecuentemente sufre diversas tensiones ambientales que afectan su productividad. Como posibles soluciones para mitigar el estrés está el uso de bioestimulantes, en particular, el uso de extractos de algas pardas que afectan positivamente varios procesos fisiológicos y bioquímicos en las plantas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación foliar de 17 extractos hidroalcohólicos de Sargassum spp. al 1.5%, más dos tratamientos control (agua destilada y un producto comercial a base de Ascophyllum nodosum) sobre el crecimiento y compuestos antioxidantes de plántulas de tomate, bajo un diseño completamente al azar. Los resultados muestran que el extracto que presentó los mejores resultados fue el EAS7 (160 °C / 30 min / 50% de etanol). Dicho extracto aumentó la altura, diámetro de tallo, materia fresca y seca total de las plántulas de tomate en un 8.67, 32.32, 25.03 y 11.59%, respectivamente, en comparación con el control absoluto (agua destilada). Además, el EAS7 aumentó el contenido de proteínas, glutatión, fenoles totales, flavonoides y capacidad antioxidante (ABTS) de las hojas en un 386.48, 15.92, 22.05, 35.99 y 18.86%, respectivamente, en comparación con el control absoluto. La aplicación de extractos de Sargassum spp. es una alternativa prometedora para mejorar las características agronómicas y antioxidantes del cultivo de tomate.

Abstract: Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) recorded in the literature and specimens at herbaria from the littoral of Michoacán were extensively reviewed. Additionally, these data were supplemented with samplings in 11 localities from 2006 to 2014. A total of 52 infrageneric taxa of brown algae (49 species and 3 varieties) were determined; from these, 27 were new records for Michoacán, being Streblonema anomalum and Ectocarpus taoniae new records for the Pacific coast of Mexico. The highest number of species was recorded for La Majahuita (27), while the lowest number of taxa was in San Telmo (2). The family Dictyotaceae was the best represented (15 taxa), followed by Chordariaceae and Ectocarpaceae (5 each one). From the previous 25 records in this area, the presence of 12 taxa was confirmed, so the number of Phaeophyceae from this coast increased to 52 taxa. The floristic list is accompanied by data of presence, seasonality, reproduction, habitat and bibliographic references. Species diversity was compared between the dry and rainy seasons during 2006 to 2014, the greatest diversity was found during the dry season. The coast of Michoacán has the highest specific richness of Phaeophyceae when comparing to Nayarit, Colima, Jalisco, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas.

Resumen: Se realizó una investigación bibliográfica y de herbario de Phaeophyceae citada para el litoral de Michoacán, México. Se añadieron datos obtenidos de muestreos realizados en 11 localidades de 2006 a 2014, con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento de las Phaeophyceae de la región. Se determinaron 52 taxones (49 especies y 3 variedades), 27 son nuevos registros para Michoacán, se citan por primera vez: Streblonema anomalum y Ectocarpus taoniae para la costa del Pacífico de México. El número más alto de taxones se registró en La Majahuita (27) y el más bajo en San Telmo (2). Las familias mejor representadas fueron Dictyotaceae (15 taxones) seguido por Chordariaceae y Ectocarpaceae (5 cada una). De 25 especies registradas en la bibliografía, se corroboró la presencia de 12. Con los nuevos registros el número de feofíceas se incrementó a 52 taxones. La lista florística se acompaña con datos de presencia, estacionalidad, estado fenológico, hábitat y referencias bibliográficas. Se comparó la riqueza específica entre las estaciones climáticas de lluvias y de secas durante el periodo de estudio, encontrándose el número más alto de taxones en la época de secas. El litoral de Michoacán tiene la riqueza específica más alta de Phaeophyceae, al compararse con Nayarit, Colima, Jalisco, Guerrero, Oaxaca y Chiapas.