Resumo Apresenta-se pela primeira vez uma chave pictórica para identificação dos adultos aquáticos e semiaquáticos de Curculionidae associados às macrófitas aquáticas do Pantanal mato-grossense e da Amazônia, baseada no estudo de 13.252 exemplares pertencentes a duas famílias de Curculionoidea (Brentidae e Curculionidae), seis subfamílias, oito tribos, 22 gêneros e 24 espécies, a maioria pertencente a Tanysphyrini (Curculionidae, Brachycerinae). A chave proposta pode ser extrapolada para a fauna da Região Neotropical devido a ampla distribuição das espécies incluídas, as quais são discutidas em relação aos estudos taxonômicos, biogeográficos e ecológicos. Apresentase Apresenta se matogrossense mato grossense Amazônia 13252 13 252 13.25 Brentidae Curculionidae, , Curculionidae) subfamílias tribos 2 (Curculionidae Brachycerinae. Brachycerinae . Brachycerinae) incluídas taxonômicos ecológicos 1325 1 25 13.2 132 13.

Abstract A pictorial key for the identification of aquatic and semiaquatic adults of Curculionidae associated with aquatic macrophytes from the Pantanal of Mato Grosso and the Amazon is presented for the first time based on the study of 13,252 specimens belonging to the two families of Curculionoidea (Brentidae and Curculionidae), six subfamilies, eight tribes, 22 genera and 24 species, most belonging to Tanysphyrini (Curculionidae, Brachycerinae). This key can be extrapolated to the Neotropical Region fauna due to the wide distribution of the included species, which is discussed in relation to taxonomic, biogeographical, and ecological studies. 13252 13 252 13,25 Brentidae Curculionidae, , Curculionidae) subfamilies tribes 2 species (Curculionidae Brachycerinae. Brachycerinae . Brachycerinae) taxonomic biogeographical studies 1325 1 25 13,2 132 13,

The superfamily Curculionoidea includes approximately 62 000 species and 5 800 genera, assigned to 7 families (Nemonychidae, Anthribidae, Belidae, Attelabidae, Caridae, Brentidae, and Curculionidae). In Mexico, there have been described 603 genera and 3 594 species, with ca. 40% of endemic species, belonging to 6 families, the only one absent in the country is Caridae. Nearly 85% of the Mexican weevil species belong to the family Curculionidae, and are classified in the subfamilies Baridinae, Brachycerinae, Cossoninae, Curculioninae, Cyclominae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Molytinae, Platypodinae, and Scolytinae. Taxonomic studies on Mexican Curculionoidea are relatively scarce, and neither modern revisionary studies nor phylogenetic analyses are available for the majority of the taxa. Although they are important components of all terrestrial natural ecosystems, information on their ecology, natural history, and immature stages is still not available for most species.

La superfamilia Curculionoidea incluye aproximadamente 62 000 especies y 5 800 géneros, asignados a 7 familias (Nemonychidae, Anthribidae, Belidae, Attelabidae, Caridae, Brentidae y Curculionidae). En México, se han descrito 603 géneros y 3 594 especies, y cerca de un 40% de especies endémicas pertenecientes a 6 familias, la única ausente en el país es Caridae. Aproximadamente el 85% de las especies de gorgojos mexicanos pertenecen a la familia Curculionidae y se clasifican en las subfamilias Baridinae, Brachycerinae, Cossoninae, Curculioninae, Cyclominae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Molytinae, Platypodinae y Scolytinae. Los estudios taxonómicos sobre Curculionoidea son relativamente escasos, no existen revisiones modernas ni análisis filogenéticos para la mayoría de los taxones. A pesar de que son componentes importantes de todos los ecosistemas terrestres, para muchas especies se carece de información sobre su ecología, historia natural y estadios inmaduros.

The weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from South America are currently classified in the following families and subfamilies: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae), Belidae (Belinae and Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae and Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae and Brentinae), Caridae (Carinae) and Curculionidae (Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Aterpinae, Gonipterinae, Rhythirrininae, Thecesterninae, Eugnominae, Hyperinae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Mesoptiliinae (= Magdalidinae), Molytinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Conoderinae (= Zygopinae), Cossoninae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae). In the present contribution we bring a dichotomous key for the identification of seven families and 28 subfamilies of Curculionoidea from South America, and for 21 tribes of the highly heterogeneous subfamilies Curculioninae and Molytinae. These tribes are Curculionini Anthonomini, Ceutorhynchini, Derelomini, Otidocephalini, Erodiscini, Camarotini, Piazorhinini, Prionobrachiini, Smicronychini, Rhamphini and Tychiini, within Curculioninae; and Hylobiini, Pissodini, Conotrachelini, Cleogonini, Sternechini, Pacholenini, Cholini, Petalochilini and Amalactini, within Molytinae. Most of them have been classified as subfamilies in traditional schemes. The key is mainly based on external morphological characters, but also includes data on genitalia, mouth parts and other biological features. Definitions and illustrations of diagnostic characters used in the key are provided

Los gorgojos (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) de América del Sur se clasifican actualmente en las siguientes familias y subfamilias: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae), Belidae (Belinae y Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae y Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae y Brentinae), Caridae (Carinae) y Curculionidae (Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Aterpinae, Gonipterinae, Rhythirrininae, Thecesterninae, Eugnominae, Hyperinae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Mesoptiliinae (= Magdalidinae), Molytinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Conoderinae (= Zygopinae), Cossoninae, Scolytinae y Platypodinae). En la presente contribución se brinda una clave dicotómica para la identificación de las siete familias y 28 subfamilias de Curculionoidea sudamericanos, y para varias (21) tribus de Curculioninae y Molytinae. Estas tribus son Curculionini, Anthonomini, Ceutorhynchini, Derelomini, Otidocephalini, Erodiscini, Camarotini, Piazorhinini, Prionobrachiini, Smicronychini, Rhamphini y Tychiini, dentro de Curculioninae, e Hylobiini, Pissodini, Conotrachelini, Cleogonini, Sternechini, Pacholenini, Cholini, Petalochilini y Amalactini, dentro de Molytinae. La mayoría de estas tribus han sido clasificadas como subfamilias en los esquemas tradicionales. La clave se basa principalmente en caracteres morfológicos externos, e incluye además datos de la genitalia, piezas bucales, y rasgos biológicos de las especies. El trabajo provee definiciones e ilustraciones de los caracteres diagnósticos utilizados en la clave

A superfamília Curculionoidea compreende 43 espécies associadas à Araucaria angustifolia no sul do Brasil. As espécies destes gorgulhos pertencem às famílias Nemonychidae (Brarus Kuschel, 1997, Rhynchitoplesius Voss, 1952), Brentidae (Taphroderes Schönherr, 1826) e Curculionidae, (Curculioninae: Heilipodus Kuschel, 1955, Spermologus Schönherr, 1843; Cossoninae: Araucarius Kuschel, 1966, Eurycorynophorus Voss, 1964; Scolytinae: Ambrosiodmus Hopkins, 1915, Araptus Eichhoff, 1871, Cnesinus LeConte, 1868, Corthylus Erichson, 1836, Cryptocarenus Eggers, 1936, Hypothenemus Westwood, 1834, Monarthrum Kirsch, 1866, Pagiocerus Eichhoff, 1868, Phloeotribus Latreille, 1896, Pityophthorus Eichhoff, 1864, Xylechinosomus Schedl, 1963, Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864, Xyleborinus Reitter, 1913; Platypodinae: Cenocephalus Chapuis, 1865, Platypus Herbst, 1893, Tesserocerus Saunders, 1836). Apresenta-se uma lista de todas as espécies, bem como informações sobre biologia e taxonomia das mesmas. Adicionalmente, está incluída uma chave de identificação de gêneros e espécies dos adultos de Curculionoidea associados à Araucaria angustifolia.

The beetle superfamily Curculionoidea includes 43 species associated with Araucaria angustifolia trees in South Brazil. These weevil species belong to the families Nemonychidae (Brarus Kuschel, 1997, Rhynchitoplesius Voss, 1952), Brentidae (Taphroderes Schönherr, 1826) and Curculionidae, the latter including the subfamilies Curculioninae (Heilipodus Kuschel, 1955, Spermologus Schönherr, 1843), Cossoninae (Araucarius Kuschel, 1966, Eurycorynophorus Voss, 1964), Scolytinae (Ambrosiodmus Hopkins, 1915, Araptus Eichhoff, 1871, Cnesinus LeConte, 1868, Corthylus Erichson, 1836, Cryptocarenus Eggers, 1936, Hypothenemus Westwood, 1834, Monarthrum Kirsch, 1866, Pagiocerus Eichhoff, 1868, Phloeotribus Latreille, 1896, Pityophthorus Eichhoff, 1864, Xylechinosomus Schedl, 1963, Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864, Xyleborinus Reitter, 1913) and Platypodinae (Cenocephalus Chapuis, 1865, Platypus Herbst, 1893, Tesserocerus Saunders, 1836). A checklist of all species including remarks on their life histories and taxonomic notes are presented. In addition, a key for the identification of adult Curculionoidea associated with Araucaria angustifolia to genus or species level is provided.

The weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from South America are classsified into seven families and 28 subfamilies as follows: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae), Belidae (Belinae and Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae and Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae and Brentinae), Caridae (Carinae) and Curculionidae (Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Aterpinae, Gonipterinae, Rhythirrininae, Thecesterninae, Eugnominae, Hyperinae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Mesoptiliinae (= Magdalidinae), Molytinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Conoderinae (= Zygopinae), Cossoninae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae). A dichotomous key for the larval stage is provided for identification of the families and subfamilies of Curculionoidea present in South America. The key is based on external morphological characters and contains data on larval feeding habits

Los gorgojos (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) de Sudamérica están clasificados en siete familias y 28 subfamilias como se muestra a continuación: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae), Belidae (Belinae y Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae y Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae y Brentinae), Caridae (Carinae) y Curculionidae (Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Aterpinae, Gonipterinae, Rhythirrininae, Thecesterninae, Eugnominae, Hyperinae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Mesoptiliinae (= Magdalidinae), Molytinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Conoderinae (= Zygopinae), Cossoninae, Scolytinae y Platypodinae). Se brinda una clave dicotómica para el estado de larva de Curculionoidea en Sudamérica, para su determinación a nivel de familias y subfamilias. La clave está basada sobre caracteres morfológicos externos y se presentan además datos de hábitos alimentarios

The collection of the Museo de Zoología "Alfonso L. Herrera" includes 1,148 specimens of Curculionoidea, which belong to 397 species, 217 genera, and 14 families. The best represented family is Curculionidae, with 342 species, followed by Dryophthoridae (12), Erirhinidae (8), Belidae (7), Oxycorynidae (6), Brentidae (4), Nemonychidae (4), Rhynchitidae (4), Anthribidae (3), Apionidae (2), Brachyceridae (2), Attelabidae (1), Ithyceridae (1), and Raymondionymidae (1). Most of the species are from other countries (Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and USA, among others). The majority of the Mexican specimens are from the states of Hidalgo (44 species), Morelos (13), Nayarit (12), and Veracruz (12).

La colección del Museo de Zoología "Alfonso L. Herrera" incluye 1,148 especímenes de Curculionoidea, que pertenecen a 397 especies, 217 géneros y 14 familias. La familia mejor representada es Curculionidae, con 342 especies, seguida de Dryophthoridae (12), Erirhinidae (8), Belidae (7), Oxycorynidae (6), Brentidae (4), Nemonychidae (4), Rhynchitidae (4), Anthribidae (3), Apionidae (2), Brachyceridae (2), Attelabidae (1), Ithyceridae (1) y Raymondionymidae (1). Muchos de los especímenes provienen de otros países (Argentina, Chile, Brasil y E.U.A., entre otros). La mayoría de los ejemplares mexicanos son de los estados de Hidalgo (44 especies), Morelos (13), Nayarit (12) y Veracruz (12).

Mexican weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) belong to the following families and subfamilies: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae and Choraginae), Belidae (Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae and Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae, Brentinae, and Cyladinae), Dryophthoridae (Dryophthorinae, Rhynchophorinae, and Orthognatinae), Erirhinidae (Erirhininae and Raymondionyminae), and Curculionidae (Entiminae, Thecesterninae, Cyclominae, Phytonominae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Zygopinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Molytinae, Cossoninae, Scolytinae, and Platypodinae). A preliminary key to identify these families and subfamilies is presented. Some notes are also included, in order to compare the classification herein followed with those of previous authors.

Los gorgojos mexicanos (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) pertenecen a las siguientes familias y subfamilias: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae y Choraginae), Belidae (Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae y Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae, Brentinae y Cyladinae), Dryophthoridae (Dryophthorinae, Rhynchophorinae y Orthognatinae), Erirhinidae (Erirhininae y Raymondionyminae) y Curculionidae (Entiminae, Thecesterninae, Cyclominae, Phytonominae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Zygopinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Molytinae, Cossoninae, Scolytinae y Platypodinae). Se presenta una clave preliminar para identificar estas familias y subfamilias. Se incluyen también algunas notas, con el objeto de comparar la clasificación aquí seguida con las de autores previos.