ABSTRACT The mechanized cutting of sugarcane requires improvements, as cutting tools can affect the longevity of sugarcane fields and increase production costs. Furthermore, these tools can increase the energy demand of machines in the field. This study evaluated the sugarcane harvester performance equipped with different basal cutting devices: impact cutting (blades) and continuous cutting (saws) in three commercial sugarcane production areas. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme with six repetitions. Effective fuel consumption and harvesting capacity were evaluated. The saws increased fuel consumption per area by 3.9 and 8.9% per Mg harvested. The crop’s yield characteristics determine harvesting systems’ energy demand. For yields above 90 Mg ha-1, energy demand has stabilized up to 120 Mg ha-1. The fuel demand for harvesting ranged between 1.0 and 1.2 L Mg-1 of harvested material. Regardless of the cutting system, each Mg requires 37.3 kJ of energy to be removed from the field. improvements costs Furthermore field devices blades (blades (saws areas repetitions 39 9 3. 89 8 8.9 crops crop s systems ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 ha-1 12 ha1. 1. 10 0 Mg1 Mg- material system 373 37 37. 8. ha-

RESUMO O corte mecanizado da cana-de-açúcar necessita de aprimoramentos, visto que as ferramentas de corte podem afetar a longevidade dos canaviais e aumentar os custos de produção. Além disso, essas ferramentas podem aumentar a demanda energética das máquinas no campo. Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar equipadas com distintos mecanismos de corte basal: corte por impacto (lâminas) e corte contínuo (serras) em três áreas comerciais de produção de cana-de-açúcar. O consumo efetivo de combustível e a capacidade efetiva de colheita das máquinas foram avaliados em cada tratamento. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 com seis repetições. As serras aumentaram o consumo de combustível por área em 3,9 e 8,9% por Mg colhido. As características produtivas da cultura determinam a demanda energética dos sistemas de colheita. Para produtividades acima de 90 Mg ha-1, a demanda energética estabilizou-se até 120 Mg ha-1. A demanda de combustível para a colheita variou entre 1,0 e 1,2 L Mg-1 de material colhido. Os resultados mostram que independente do sistema de corte, cada Mg de cana colhida necessita em média de 37,3 kJ de energia para ser retirado do campo. canadeaçúcar açúcar aprimoramentos disso campo basal lâminas (lâminas (serras canadeaçúcar. açúcar. tratamento repetições 39 9 3, 89 8 8,9 colhido ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 ha-1 estabilizouse estabilizou se 12 ha1. 1. 10 0 Mg1 Mg- 373 37 37, 8, ha-

Abstract Introduction: Evidence suggests that herbivores, such as peccaries, shape vegetation structure and diversity through predation, trampling, dispersal, and rooting behavior. Objective: To evaluate the impact of peccaries (Dycotiles tajacu) on the understory vegetation of the tropical rainforest in the Nogal-La Selva Local Biological Corridor, Costa Rica, comparing a site with the absence of peccaries to another with the presence of these animals. Methodology: From June to November 2021, 20 experimental exclusions and 20 free access plots, each measuring 2 m2 were used to quantify herbivory, the number of leaf blades, damaged leaves, healthy leaves, sapling height, and fallen biomass at both sites. Results: A higher sapling density was found in the Nogal Reserve, but a lower sapling diversity, while in La Selva there was a higher sapling diversity, but a lower density of seedlings. Herbivory and sapling height in La Selva exceeded those in Nogal. The exclusion of peccaries reduced seedling damage but did not affect the dynamics of fallen biomass. Conclusion: For the design, implementation, and evaluation of the effectiveness of biological corridors, it is crucial to consider plant-animal interactions to enhance the flow of ecological processes through functional and structural connectivity, analyzed from interactions such as those presented in this paper.

Resumen Introducción: Existe evidencia que herbívoros, como los saínos, dan forma a la estructura y diversidad de la vegetación a través del comportamiento de depredación, pisoteo, dispersión y enraizamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de los saínos (Dycotiles tajacu) en la vegetación del sotobosque del bosque tropical húmedo en el Corredor Biológico Local Nogal-La Selva, Costa Rica, en un sitio con ausencia y en otro con presencia de saínos. Métodos: De junio a noviembre de 2021 se utilizaron 20 exclusiones experimentales y 20 parcelas de acceso libre de 2 m2, se cuantifico la herbivoría, número de láminas foliares, hojas dañadas, hojas sanas, altura de brinzales y biomasa caída en ambos sitios. Resultados: Se encontró una mayor densidad de brinzales en Reserva Nogal pero una menor diversidad, contrario en La Selva donde se encontró una mayor diversidad de brinzales, pero una menor densidad de plántulas. La herbivoría y la altura de brinzales en La Selva fue mayor que en Nogal. La exclusión de los saínos disminuyó el daño a las plántulas, pero no afectó la dinámica de la biomasa caída. Conclusión: Es necesario contemplar para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de la efectividad de corredores biológicos, las interacciones planta-animal, para potencializar el flujo de procesos ecológicos mediante la conectividad funcional y estructural, analizada a partir de interacciones como las presentadas en este trabajo.

RESUMEN: Se recogieron muestras de cinco cabras (Capra hircus) de la aorta ascendente, el arco aórtico, la aorta torácica descendente y la aorta abdominal descendente. Estas muestras se procesaron histológicamente para revelar estructuras elásticas en sus capas. El número medio de laminillas elásticas descubiertas fue de 91,5 en la aorta ascendente, 78,5 en el arco aórtico, 66 en la aorta torácica descendente y 31,7 en la aorta abdominal descendente. Debido a que todas tienen en promedio una gran cantidad de láminas elásticas, caen en la categoría de arterias elásticas, pero no todas son arterias elásticas típicas. Así, la aorta ascendente, el arco aórtico y la aorta torácica descendente contienen, en promedio, además de tejido elástico, islas de músculos polimorfos, lo que las distingue de las arterias elásticas típicas, por lo que las llamamos arterias elásticas particulares. La aorta abdominal descendente no contiene tales islas, por lo que puede clasificarse como una arteria elástica típica. El segmento aórtico de cabra es el único comparable en estructura a las arterias elásticas de los humanos, por lo que sugerimos que es el único adecuado para estudiar la enfermedad aórtica en humanos.

SUMMARY: Samples were collected from five goats (Capra hircus) from the ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending thoracic aorta, and descending abdominal aorta. These samples were histologically processed to reveal elastic structures in their media. The mean number of elastic lamellae discovered was 91.5 in the mean ascending aorta, 78.5 in the mean aortic arch, 66 in the mean descending thoracic aorta, and 31.7 in the mean descending abdominal aorta. Because they all have a large number of elastic laminae on average, they all fall into the elastic artery category, but not all are typical elastic arteries. Thus, the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, and the descending thoracic aorta contain, on average, in addition to elastic tissue, polymorphous muscle islands, which distinguishes them from typical elastic arteries, which is why we call them particular elastic arteries. The descending abdominal aorta contains no such islands so that it can be classified as a typical elastic artery. The goat aortic segment is the only one comparable in structure to the elastic arteries of humans, which is why we suggest that it is the only one suitable for studying aortic disease in humans.

Abstract Background: The leaves have been used to define sections in the genus Brickellia, allowing us to postulate their taxonomic value in monophyletic groups, as well as to identify the degree of morphological similarity between species and sections in a taxonomic and phylogenetic context. Questions: The species of Brickellia section Barroetea can be differentiated by their leaf blade shapes?, do section Barroetea have leaf blades different from other sections of the genus?, do these leaf shapes represent a conserved trait in the genus? Studied species: Six species from the section Barroetea and 19 species from other sections of Brickellia and related genera (Ageratina and Carminatia) were analyzed. Methods: A linear discriminant analysis and a phylomorphospace analysis were performed to evaluate the conservation status of the leaf shape and to know their morphological differences. Results: Species of the section Barroetea showed significant differences at the specific level, except in Brickellia sonorana. Furthermore, the evaluated species of sections Barroetea, Brickellia, Coleosanthus, Leptanthodium, and Xerobrickellia tend to have ovate-deltoid shapes, except Microphyllae with reniform shapes, in Phanerostylis ovate or elliptical, and Gemmipedium and Kuhnia with linear shapes. The phylomorphospace reveals an overlap in the analyzed sections, where the ancestral sections show a greater morphological change than the recently diversified. The conservation of the leaf shape is not confirmed statistically. Conclusions: Most species of Brickellia section Barroetea can be differentiated between theme, but not from the other sections of the genus Brickellia by the leaf’s shapes. The leaf shape of the genus is not conservated.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las hojas han sido utilizadas para definir secciones en el género Brickellia, lo que permite postular su valor taxonómico en grupos monofiléticos, así como identificar el grado de similitud morfológica entre especies y secciones en un contexto taxonómico y filogenético. Preguntas: ¿Las especies de Brickellia sección Barroetea se pueden diferenciar con las formas de las láminas foliares?, ¿La sección se reconoce de las demás secciones del género con base en la forma foliar? ¿Las formas foliares son un rasgo conservado en el género Brickellia? Especies de estudio: Se utilizaron seis especies de la sección Barroetea y 19 especies de otras secciones de Brickellia y géneros relacionados (Ageratina y Carminatia). Métodos: Se realizó un análisis linear discriminante y un filomorfoespacio para conocer las diferencias y evaluar la conservación de la forma foliar. Resultados: Las especies de la sección Barroetea presentaron diferencias significativas a nivel específico, excepto en Brickellia sonorana. Las especies evaluadas de las secciones Barroetea, Brickellia, Coleosanthus, Leptanthodium y Xerobrickellia tienden a formas ovado-deltoideas, excepto Microphyllae donde son reniformes, en Phanerostylis ovadas o elípticas y en Gemmipedium y Kuhnia lineares. El filomorfoespacio muestra un traslape entre las secciones analizadas; las secciones ancestrales muestran un cambio morfológico mayor que las secciones de reciente diversificación y la conservación de la forma foliar no se confirmó estadísticamente. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las especies de Brickellia sección Barroetea se pueden diferenciar entre ellas, pero no de las demás secciones del género Brickellia. Las formas foliares no se conservan en las secciones del género.

Abstract A new species of Pimelodella is described from the rio Paraguai basin in Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso States, Brazil. The new species distinguishes from all other members of the genus based on a unique combination of characteristics, which include: dorsal profile straight from snout to dorsal-fin, maxillary barbel reaching at least the anal-fin terminus when parallel to main body axis, robust dorsal-fin spine bearing small spinules along three-fourths of its posterior margin, 41–42 total vertebrae (rarely 43 or 44), 13–23 large and retrorse blades at the posterior margin of the pectoral-fin spine, and dorsolateral region of body slightly darkened. This study also discusses the ichthyofaunal similarities between the Paraguai and Amazon basins, shedding light on their biogeographic history. Additionally, the research includes considerations about the sexual dimorphism of Pimelodella and provides an identification key for the Pimelodella species found in the Paraguai basin. States Brazil characteristics include dorsalfin, dorsalfin fin, fin analfin anal axis threefourths three fourths 4142 41 42 41–4 rarely 4 44, 44 , 44) 1323 13 23 13–2 pectoralfin pectoral darkened basins history Additionally 414 41– 132 1 2 13–

Resumo Uma nova espécie de Pimelodella é descrita da bacia do rio Paraguai, nos Estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Mato Grosso, Brasil. A nova espécie se distingue de todas as suas congêneres por apresentar uma combinação exclusiva de características, que incluem: perfil da região anterior do corpo reto do focinho à nadadeira dorsal, barbilhão maxilar alcançando pelo menos o término da nadadeira anal quando paralelo ao eixo principal do corpo, espinho da nadadeira dorsal robusto e apresentando pequenas espínulas nos três-quartos distais da sua margem posterior, 41–42 vértebras totais (raramente 43 ou 44), espinho da nadadeira peitoral apresentando 13–23 lâminas grandes e retrorsas na sua margem posterior, e região dorsolateral do corpo ligeiramente mais escura que o restante. Este estudo também discute as similaridades entre a ictiofauna das bacias do Paraguai e Amazônica, abordando a história biogeográfica entre ambas as regiões. Adicionalmente, considerações acerca do dimorfismo sexual de Pimelodella são apresentadas, além de uma chave de identificação para as espécies de Pimelodella encontradas na bacia do Paraguai. Brasil características incluem trêsquartos três quartos posterior 4142 41 42 41–4 raramente 4 44, 44 , 44) 1323 13 23 13–2 restante Amazônica regiões Adicionalmente apresentadas 414 41– 132 1 2 13–

Abstract A new syllid species belonging to the genus Sphaerosyllis ( Claparède, 1863 ) was found in Southeast Brazil during the development of the project “Environmental, social and economic susceptibility of Ilha Grande Bay to spillage and the presence of oil at sea.” Hence, this paper contains its morphological description, obtained after careful examination of several specimens under light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species can be diagnosed by the presence of intersegmental brown stripes along all body segments, fused palps for most of its length, a prostomium semicircular with three antennae, one simple dorsal chaeta, one simple ventral chaeta and 3–4 falcigers bearing unidentate blades. Finally, an identification key and a comparative table are provided for all the species formally recorded in Brazil to date. Claparède 186 Environmental, Environmental “Environmental sea. sea Hence description microscopy segments length antennae 34 3 4 3– blades Finally date 18 1

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was aimed at analyzing and disseminating the fossil wood collection data stored in the thin sections of the paleobotany collection of the Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Institute of Geosciences at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Thin sections of petrified wood are described. Research data used in geosciences specifically seek to develop a model for the use of this type of sheet in paleobotany, enabling visualization of its representativeness in studies published over 40 years to obtain the anatomical characteristics of fossil woods and define their systematic affinities as a specific typology of research data in geosciences. Methods: The methodology involved interviewing a paleobotanical specialist and using different techniques applied in metric studies to map scientific production in petrified wood. Thus, a dataset of (20) thin slide sections of petrified fossil wood used in “Stressing environmental conditions in the ‘petrified forest’ from the Mata Sequence in the Triassic context of the Paraná Basin,” a paper published by the Journal of South American Earth Sciences (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415), was used. Depending on the methodology, these thin sections petrified wood can reveal systematic paleoclimatic signatures based on the anatomical characteristics of the fossil wood. In addition to this case study, which represents a collection of more than (2.000) thousand blades of fossil wood and approximately 40 years of research, the paleobotanical collection of the department is reused in methodology classes. The collection comprises a database created by research physicists that provides information on anatomical features, systematic affinities, paleoclimatic conditions, and paleoenvironmental insights. Potential for reuse: The reuse, registration, storage, identification, and preservation of thin sections as a type of research data used in paleobotany aims to improve the methodology associated with the organization of the physical database of the institution. The research data and blades of fossil wood are being digitized. They will soon be available under CC BY 4.0, according to the sample described in this data paper (DOI Mendeley: 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3). Furthermore, the data can be reused in optical and electronic scanning microscopy software. Objective Sul 4 Methods Thus 20 (20 Stressing forest Basin, Basin DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415, DOI101016jjsames2023104415 DOIjjsames DOI 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415 , 10 1016 j jsames 2023 104415 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415) 2.000 2000 2 000 (2.000 classes features insights reuse registration storage identification institution digitized 0 4.0 Mendeley 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3. 1017632b8phfcsync3 bphfcsync 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3 . 17632 b8phfcsync 3 b phfcsync 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3) Furthermore software (2 DOI10 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415 jjsames DOI101016jjsames202310441 101016jjsames2023104415 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10441 1 101 202 10441 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415 2.00 200 00 (2.00 4. 1017632b8phfcsync 10.17632/b8phfcsync. 1763 ( DOI1 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10441 DOI101016jjsames20231044 101016jjsames202310441 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1044 1044 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10441 2.0 (2.0 10.17632/b8phfcsync 176 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1044 DOI101016jjsames2023104 101016jjsames20231044 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104 104 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1044 2. (2. 17 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104 DOI101016jjsames202310 101016jjsames2023104 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10 DOI101016jjsames20231 101016jjsames202310 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1 DOI101016jjsames2023 101016jjsames20231 10.1016/j.jsames.2023. (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023. DOI101016jjsames202 101016jjsames2023 10.1016/j.jsames.2023 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023. DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023 DOI101016jjsames20 101016jjsames202 10.1016/j.jsames.202 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.202 DOI101016jjsames2 101016jjsames20 10.1016/j.jsames.20 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.202 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.20 DOI101016jjsames 101016jjsames2 10.1016/j.jsames.2 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.20 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2 101016jjsames 10.1016/j.jsames. (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2 DOI10.1016/j.jsames. 10.1016/j.jsames (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames. DOI10.1016/j.jsames (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames

RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo visa divulgar e analisar a coleção de lenhos fósseis armazenadas no acervo de lâminas delgadas da coleção de paleobotânica do Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia do Instituto de Geociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Descrevem-se lâminas delgadas de madeira petrificada, enquanto dados de pesquisa utilizados para investigação em Geociências, em específico, busca-se compor um modelo para utilização deste tipo de lâmina na paleobotânica o que permite visualizar sua representatividade em estudos publicados durante 40 anos. Assim, obter-se-á as características anatômicas de laminas de lenhos fósseis com vistas a definir suas afinidades sistemáticas como uma tipologia específica de dados de pesquisa em Geociências. Métodos: A metodologia envolve entrevista com um especialista em paleobotânica e a utilização de diferentes técnicas aplicadas em estudos métricos para mapear a sua produção científica em lenhos fósseis. Nesse sentido, como exemplo descrevem-se um conjunto de dados de (20) lâminas delgadas de lenhos fósseis petrificados utilizados no paper Stressing environmental conditions in the “petrified forest” from the Mata Sequence in the Triassic context of the Paraná Basin publicados pelo periódico Journal of South American Earth Sciences, conforme DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415. A metodologia de utilização dessas lâminas no paper permite a identificação de assinaturas paleoclimáticas, com base em características anatômicas de lenhos fósseis. Além desse estudo de caso, esse data paper serve para representar uma coleção de mais de (2.000) mil lâminas de lenhos fósseis, cerca de 40 anos de pesquisa em paleobotânica que é reutilizada em aulas de metodologia e compõem uma base de dados de pesquisa que fornece informações sobre características anatômicas, afinidades sistemáticas, condições paleoclimáticas e percepções paleoambientais. Potencial de reutilização: A reutilização desse conjunto de dados permite o registro, o armazenamento, a identificação e a preservação de lâminas delgadas de lenhos fósseis enquanto um tipo de dado de pesquisa em Geociências, também objetiva aprimorar a organização de um banco de dados. Esses dados da pesquisa estão sendo digitalizados e em breve todos estarão disponíveis sob a licença CC BY 4.0, conforme a amostra descrita nesse data paper. (Mendeley DOI: 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3) os quais poderão ser reutilizados por softwares de microscopia óptica e de varredura eletrônica. Objetivo Sul Descrevemse Descrevem se petrificada específico buscase busca 4 Assim obterseá obter á Métodos sentido descrevemse descrevem 20 (20 petrified forest Sciences DOI 101016jjsames2023104415 jjsames 10 1016 j jsames 2023 104415 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415 caso 2.000 2000 2 000 (2.000 paleoambientais registro armazenamento 0 4.0 Mendeley 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3 1017632b8phfcsync3 bphfcsync 17632 b8phfcsync 3 b phfcsync eletrônica (2 101016jjsames202310441 1 101 202 10441 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10441 2.00 200 00 (2.00 4. 10.17632/b8phfcsync. 1017632b8phfcsync 1763 ( 101016jjsames20231044 1044 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1044 2.0 (2.0 10.17632/b8phfcsync 176 101016jjsames2023104 104 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104 2. (2. 17 101016jjsames202310 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10 101016jjsames20231 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1 101016jjsames2023 10.1016/j.jsames.2023. 101016jjsames202 10.1016/j.jsames.2023 101016jjsames20 10.1016/j.jsames.202 101016jjsames2 10.1016/j.jsames.20 101016jjsames 10.1016/j.jsames.2 10.1016/j.jsames. 10.1016/j.jsames

ABSTRACT ASTM Mar-M247 is one of the superalloys used to manufacture gas turbine blades in power stations. This paper studies the microstructure across welded joints of a turbine blade made of a high-strength material (Mar-M247 alloy) employing AWS ERNiCrMo-3 as a filler alloy. This process was carried out using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The dendritic and interdendritic structures were observed in the fusion zone. The results also showed the presence of epitaxial growth at the interface between the weld metal and the base alloy without solidification cracks. Al and Co concentrations gradually decrease towards the weld metal zone during the solidification process, while Cr content increases towards the fusion zone. Vickers hardness revealed that the hardness in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is higher than that of the base metal and the weld metal zone, the average in the HAZ is 340HV, while in the base metal and the fusion zone is 322HV, 284HV respectively. Coarse grains in the HAZ were found with an agglomeration of carbides at the grain boundaries due to the input heat of the welding process. MarM247 MarM Mar M247 M Mar-M24 stations highstrength high strength (Mar-M24 ERNiCrMo3 ERNiCrMo 3 ERNiCrMo- GTAW. GTAW . (GTAW) cracks heataffected affected (HAZ 340HV HV 322HV respectively MarM24 M24 Mar-M2 (Mar-M2 (GTAW MarM2 M2 Mar-M (Mar-M

ABSTRACT Croceous glands are visible structures defined by their rounded shape and yellowish color. They have great taxonomic importance, being used to delimit the Timutua section, one of the 14 sections of the subgenera Polygala, genera Polygala, the most representative of the family Polygalaceae, with about 120 species recorded in Brazil. However, detailed information about the nature of croceous glands is still missing. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the origin, structure, and function of the croceous glands in the floral structures, fruits, leaf blades, and stems of Polygala adenophora. Samples of P. adenophora at different developmental stages (flower buds, fully developed flowers and fruits), as well as stems, and leaves collected from the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th nodes were obtained from a coastal area in Pará state, Brazil. The samples were fixed in FAA50 or buffered neutral formalin and submitted to light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical tests were carried out for lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. Our results showed that the croceous glands are secretory cavities and ducts of schizolysigenous origin, present since the beginning of the development of vegetative and reproductive organs. The cavities and ducts produce a lipophilic compound consisting of essential oils and lipids. We hypothesize that this exudate possibly has a protective function, acting against pathogen and herbivore attacks. color importance section 1 Polygalaceae 12 Brazil However missing Thus origin structure fruits blades P flower buds , fruits) 1st st 3rd rd 6th th state FAA FAA5 compounds organs lipids attacks

RESUMO Glândulas cróceas são estruturas visíveis, definidas por seu formato arredondado e coloração amarelada. Elas possuem grande importância taxonômica, sendo utilizadas para delimitar a seção Timutua, uma das 14 seções do subgênero Polygala, pertencente ao gênero Polygala, o mais representativo da família Polygalaceae, com cerca de 120 espécies registradas para o Brasil. Porém, as glândulas cróceas ainda carecem de informações mais detalhadas sobre sua natureza. Dessa forma, o presente estudo caracterizou a distribuição, estrutura e histoquímica das glândulas cróceas nos órgãos reprodutivos e vegetativos aéreos de Polygala adenophora. Amostras de P. adenophora em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (botões florais, flores totalmente desenvolvidas e frutos), assim como caule e folhas extraídas dos 1º, 3º, 6º e 9º nós, foram obtidas em uma área costeira no estado do Pará, Brasil. As amostras foram fixadas em FAA50 ou formalina neutra tamponada e submetidas a microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram realizados testes histoquímicos para substâncias lipofílicas e hidrofílicas. Os resultados mostraram que as glândulas cróceas são formadas por cavidades e ductos secretores, com formação de origem esquizolisígena, presentes desde o início do desenvolvimento dos órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos. As cavidades e ductos secretam uma substância de natureza lipofílica, composta por óleos essenciais e lipídios. Hipotetizamos que esse exsudato possivelmente tenha uma função protetiva, atuando contra ataques de patógenos e herbívoros. visíveis amarelada taxonômica Timutua 1 Polygalaceae 12 Brasil Porém forma distribuição P botões florais frutos, frutos , frutos) 1º º 3º nós Pará FAA FAA5 varredura hidrofílicas secretores esquizolisígena lipofílica lipídios protetiva herbívoros

Abstract Elephantgrass stands out for its high potential for forage production in different tropical and subtropical regions. In most properties, it is cultivated intensively with high doses of mineral fertilizers, mainly nitrogen, which makes production expensive and less sustainable. In this context, the mixtures of elephantgrass with forage legumes can make the system more efficient and with less environmental impact. Thus, the objective is to evaluate elephantgrass-based grazing systems,with or without a legume in terms of sward characteristics, herbage accumulation and nutritional value of pastures during one, agricultural year. Two grazing systems (treatments) were analyzed: (i) elephantgrass-based (EG) with mixed spontaneous-growing species (SGE) in the warm-season and ryegrass (R) in the cool-season; and (ii) EG + SGE + R + pinto peanut. The standardization criterion between the systems was the level of nitrogen fertilization (120 kg N/ha/year). The presence of pinto peanut positively affected the botanical composition of the pasture, with a reduction in SGE and dead material, and in the morphology of elephantgrass, with a greater proportion of leaf blades, and less stem + sheath and senescent material. In themixture with pinto peanut, there was an increase in herbage accumulation and greater nutritional value of forage. regions properties fertilizers sustainable context impact Thus elephantgrassbased based systemswith characteristics one year treatments (treatments analyzed i (i (EG spontaneousgrowing spontaneous growing (SGE warmseason warm season (R coolseason cool cool-season ii (ii 120 (12 N/ha/year. Nhayear N/ha/year . N ha N/ha/year) pasture material blades 12 (1 1 (

ABSTRACT Namalycastis abiuma has been recorded as a worldwide distributed species, found in most tropical and subtropical mangroves and estuarine environments. However, this status has been questioned in several publications, which indicate that several distinct species are being identified under the name N. abiuma. In this study, we perform a morphological analysis, along with a series of species delimitation tests and a phylogenetic analysis-using the molecular marker 16S-to evaluate whether analyzed populations previously identified as Namalycastis abiuma belong to the same species. We used sequences from the GenBank database in the analysis, as well as six newly sequenced specimens collected from the coast of Brazil, two of them from the N. abiuma type-locality. For species delimitation, we applied the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), the Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), and the Multi-rate Poisson Tree Processes (mPTP) tests. Results from GMYC and ASAP suggest that Namalycastis abiuma may be endemic to the type-locality and that all other populations studied represent a second distinct species. However, mPTP indicates that all Namalycastis species included should be grouped into one single species. The mPTP results seem to be biased due to data limitation as it showed poor statistical support. Our morphological data, especially on the shape and dentition of the sub-neuroacicular falciger blades, support the GMYC and ASAP results, suggesting restricted endemism for Namalycastis abiuma. Based on these results, we conclude that N. abiuma is restricted to its type-locality and we provide a description of a new species, Namalycastis lanai sp. nov. occurring in Brazilian waters from 22°S to 27°S, including, at its southern range, an overlap with N. abiuma at Florianópolis. Finally, we provide a key to all Namalycastis species found in Brazil. environments However publications N study analysis analysisusing using 16Sto Sto 16S S Brazil typelocality. typelocality type locality. locality GMYC, , (GMYC) ASAP, (ASAP) Multirate Multi rate (mPTP subneuroacicular sub neuroacicular blades sp nov 22S 22 27S 27 27°S including range Florianópolis Finally (GMYC (ASAP 2

Abstract A new species of Asplenium L. (Aspleniaceae) is described and illustrated. Asplenium sylvaticum is endemic of the Yungas and Paraná biogeographic provinces in the Southern Cone. The main diagnostic characters for this taxon are: apical pinnae with one to four caudate lobes at the base, similar in size to lateral pinnae, smooth pinnate blades with 18-36 pairs of caudate pinnae and spores with reticulate perispore, winged folds with scarce equinulaes on the margins and the laesurae wide with smooth margin. The new species belongs to the A. serra species complex group, characterised by xeromorphic habit, creeping rhizome and coriaceous fronds with branched scales on both surfaces, and resembles the other species inhabiting in Argentina, A. achalense and A. serra, in overall leaf architecture and shape but differs of the aforementioned species (and the other species of the A. serra complex) by the unique combination of characters of its rhizomatic scales, fronds and spores. A key with the morphological and palynological characters that differentiate A. sylvaticum from the other taxa belonging to the A. serra complex in the South American Cone and Bolivia is given. L Aspleniaceae (Aspleniaceae illustrated are base 1836 18 36 18-3 perispore margin group habit surfaces Argentina given 183 1 3 18-

ABSTRACT This paper presents the feasibility of utilizing Wind Turbine Blade (WTB) wastes as an alternative for the natural aggregate in cement concrete. Three types of experimental investigations were conducted to assess the potential of WTB combined with natural aggregate in concrete. As preliminary investigation, porosity property of the WTB aggregate is determined by water absorption test. Similarly, toughness and impact resistance properties are verified by aggregate impact and crushing tests respectively. An attempt has been made to study the influence of waste WTB as a substitute for natural aggregates in concrete for M25 grade at replacement percentage of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. Mechanical properties of developed concrete are evaluated by compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength tests. Based on the results, 20% WTB waste substituted concrete had 8.5%, 14.7%, and 8.9% higher compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength than conventional concrete. The strength increment in the developed concrete is confirmed through microstructural evaluation using SEM micrographs, XRD and FTIR. Based on the investigation-conducted use of WTBs seems to have prospective applications in concrete with economic and environmental benefits preventing the accumulation of landfills of WTBs paving way for sustainability. (WTB investigation test Similarly respectively M M2 10 20 30 40 50 results 85 8 5 8.5% 147 14 7 14.7% 89 9 8.9 micrographs FTIR investigationconducted sustainability 1 2 3 4 8.5 14.7 8. 14.

Resumen Introducción: La gran diversidad de especies maderables tropicales demanda el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de identificación con base en sus patrones o características anatómicas. La aplicación de redes neuronales convolucionales (CNN) para el reconocimiento de especies maderables tropicales se ha incrementado en los últimos años por sus resultados prometedores. Objetivo: Evaluamos la calidad de las imágenes macroscópicas con tres herramientas de corte para mejorar la visualización y distinción de las características anatómicas en el entrenamiento del modelo CNN. Métodos: Recolectamos las muestras entre el 2020 y 2021 en áreas de explotación forestal y aserraderos de Selva Central, Perú. Luego, las dimensionamos y, previo a la identificación botánica y anatómica, las cortamos en secciones transversales. Generamos una base de datos de imágenes macroscópicas de la sección transversal de la madera, a través del corte, con tres herramientas para ver su rendimiento en el laboratorio, campo y puesto de control. Resultados: Usamos tres herramientas de corte para obtener una alta calidad de imágenes transversales de la madera; obtuvimos 3 750 imágenes macroscópicas con un microscopio portátil que corresponden a 25 especies maderables. El cuchillo ''Tramontina'' es duradero, pero pierde el filo con facilidad y se necesita una herramienta para afilar, el cúter retráctil ''Pretul'' es adecuado para madera suave y dura en muestras pequeñas de laboratorio; el cuchillo ''Ubermann'' es apropiado para el campo, laboratorio y puesto de control, porque tiene una envoltura duradera y láminas intercambiables en caso de pérdida de filo. Conclusiones: La calidad de las imágenes es decisiva en la clasificación de especies maderables, porque permite una mejor visualización y distinción de las características anatómicas en el entrenamiento con los modelos de red neuronal convolucional EfficientNet B0 y Custom Vision, lo cual se evidenció en las métricas de precisión.

Abstract Introduction: The great diversity of tropical timber species demands the development of new technologies capable of identifying them based on their patterns or anatomical characteristics. The application of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the recognition of tropical timber species has increased in recent years due to the promising results of CNNs. Objective: To evaluate the quality of macroscopic images with three cutting tools to improve the visualization and distinction of anatomical features in the CNN model training. Methods: Samples were collected from 2020 to 2021 in areas of logging and sawmills in the Central Jungle, Peru. They were later sized and, after botanical and anatomical identification, cut in cross sections. A database of macroscopic images of the cross-section of wood was generated through cutting with three different tools and observing its performance in the laboratory, field, and checkpoint. Results: Using three cutting tools, we obtained high quality images of the cross section of wood; 3 750 macroscopic images were obtained with a portable microscope and correspond to 25 timber species. We found the ''Tramontina'' knife to be durable, however, it loses its edge easily and requires a sharpening tool, the ''Pretul'' retractable cutter is suitable for cutting soft and hard wood in small laboratory samples and finally the ''Ubermann'' knife is suitable for use in the field, laboratory, and checkpoint, because it has a durable sheath and interchangeable blades in case of dullness. Conclusion: The quality of the images is decisive in the classification of timber species, because it allows a better visualization and distinction of the anatomical characteristics in training with the EfficientNet B0 and Custom Vision convolutional neural network models, which was evidenced in the precision metrics.

ABSTRACT Tifton 85 bermudagrass has been widely used in tropical and subtropical regions. Owing to its high forage yield, the fertilizer requirement of Tifton 85 is also high. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is an alternative to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers and decrease their environmental impact. However, the effects of inoculation in tropical grasses remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the productivity, pasture characteristics, and nutritive value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass inoculated with A. brasilense in association with nitrogen fertilization. The study evaluated four nitrogen levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1 ), inoculated and uninoculated, under cutting conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement, with two qualitative (inoculated with A. brasilense or uninoculated) and four quantitative levels (nitrogen doses) with three replications (24 plots). Botanical composition and morphological characteristics, leaf blade/stem+sheath ratio, nutritive value, and forage yield were evaluated. The inoculation increased the leaf blade/stem+sheath ratio and forage yield of Tifton 85, but did not affect crude protein concentration, neutral detergent fiber content, and total digestible nutrient content of the forage constituted by Tifton 85 leaf blades. The protein concentration and forage production corresponded linearly to the nitrogen dose increase. 8 regions impact However understood productivity characteristics A fertilization 0, 0 (0 100 200 30 ha1 ha 1 ha- , ) uninoculated conditions randomized arrangement doses 24 (2 plots. plots . plots) bladestemsheath blade stem sheath blades increase ( 10 20 3 2