ABSTRACT. The infestation of boring polychaetes can represent a serious problem for mollusks in natural populations and aquaculture. In the Mexican Pacific, their effects have been scarcely studied. So, this research aimed to analyze the infestation levels of Polydora sp. on Nodipecten subnodosus in the Ojo de Liebre Lagoon. Between May 2014 and October 2015, 639 specimens from four banks were collected to examine the spatial and temporal variations of the number of blisters by valve and their relationships with the scallop size. Around the lagoon mouth, the smaller scallops (<51 cm2) dominated, having the higher infestation percentages: Chocolatero: 88 ind (61%), Zacatoso: 86 ind (51%). In contrast, the larger scallops (51-89 cm2) were found in the inner lagoon, with smaller percentages of infestation: La Concha: 35 ind (21%) and El Datil: 29 ind (19%). The right valves, in closer contact with the bottom, were more infested than the left; those from Chocolatero and Zacatoso had more blisters (right 51-61%, left 14-15%), whereas in La Concha and El Datil both valves had fewer blisters (right 19-21%, left 6-8%). Larger scallops (51-89 cm2) from La Concha had low (5 ind) and medium (4 ind) infestation levels, and those smaller from Chocolatero (13-51 cm2) had high levels (34 ind). However, the relationship size scallop-infestation level needed to be clarified since larger scallops of El Datil also had high infestation levels (6 ind), and smaller specimens of Zacatoso showed lower (25 ind) and medium (27 ind) levels.

Abstract Background Disseminated neoplasia (DN) is a proliferative cell disorder of the circulatory system of bivalve mollusks. The disease is transmitted between individuals and can also be induced by external chemical agents such as bromodeoxyuridine. In Mya arenaria, we have cloned and characterized an LTR-retrotransposon named Steamer. Steamer mRNA levels and gene copy number correlates with DN and can be used as a marker of the disease. So far, the only mollusk where a retrotransposon expression relates to DN is Mya arenaria. On the other hand, it has been reported that the Chilean blue mussel Mytilus chilensis can also suffers DN. Our aim was to identify retrotransposons in Mytilus chilensis and to study their expression levels in the context of disseminated neoplasia. Results Here we show that 7.1% of individuals collected in August 2018, from two farming areas, presents morphological characteristics described in DN. Using Steamer sequence to interrogate the transcriptome ofM. chilensis we found two putative retrotransposons, named Steamer-like elements (MchSLEs). MchSLEs are present in the genome of M. chilensis and MchSLE1 is indeed an LTR-retrotransposon. Neither expression, nor copy number of the reported MchSLEs correlate with DN status but both are expressed at different levels among individual animals. We also report that in cultured M. chilensis haemocytes MchSLEs1 expression can be induced by bromodeoxyuridine. Conclusions We conclude that SLEs present in Mytilus chilensis are differentially expressed among individuals and do not correlate with disseminated neoplasia. Treatment of haemocytes with a stressor like bromodeoxyuridine induces expression of MchSLE1 suggesting that in Mytilus chilensis environmental stressors can induce activation of LTR-retrotransposon.

Resumo Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Donax striatus foram estudados. Os indivíduos foram coletados mensalmente de fevereiro de 2021 a janeiro de 2022 na praia Gado Bravo, no município de Tibau do Norte, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Donax striatus é uma espécie dióica sem dimorfismo macroscópico externo (na concha) ou interno (gônadas). Assim, é necessário um exame microscópico das células reprodutivas. Para a caracterização dos estágios de desenvolvimento gonadal e determinação do tamanho na primeira maturidade sexual (L50), 30 espécimes foram selecionados mensalmente entre fevereiro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022 e submetidos ao processamento histológico. O índice de Condição (IC) de cada indivíduo foi estimado e as variações mensais foram estatisticamente avaliadas. O tamanho de primeira maturação (L50) foi estimado em 14,2 mm de comprimento de concha. Para promover a conservação da espécie, recomenda-se a captura de indivíduos maiores que 14,2 mm. Os menores índices de condição foram encontrados na estação seca, com maior ocorrência de organismos em fase de eliminação e exibindo reorganização do tecido gonadal. Índices maiores foram encontrados no período chuvoso, com presença de indivíduos maduros. A natureza contínua da gametogênese em Donax stritatus reflete a influência das chuvas na região. Machos e fêmeas apresentam pico de eliminação de gametas com pausas durante o ano, mas com presença de indivíduos em maturação e eliminação ao longo do ano. Como a mariscagem visando Donax striatus é excessiva na Praia de Gado Bravo, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, espera-se que os resultados do presente estudo possam contribuir para o estabelecimento de medidas de manejo da atividade e estratégias de conservação da espécie. estudados 202 Bravo Norte Brasil concha gônadas. gônadas . (gônadas) Assim reprodutivas L50, L50 L , 3 histológico IC (IC avaliadas (L50 142 14 2 14, recomendase recomenda se seca chuvoso maduros região ano esperase espera 20 (gônadas L5 (L5 1 (L

Abstract Aspects of the reproductive biology of Donax striatus were studied from individuals collected from Gado Bravo Beach in the municipality of Tibau do Norte, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Donax striatus is a dioic species without external (on the shell) or internal (gonads) macroscopic dimorphism. Thus, a microscopic examination of the reproductive cells is necessary. For the characterization of the gonadal development stages and determination of the size at first sexual maturity (L50), 30 specimens were selected monthly between February 2021 and January 2022 and submitted to histological processing. The condition index (CI) of each individual was estimated and monthly variations were statistically assessed. The size at first maturity (L50) was estimated to be 14.2 mm in shell length. To foster conservation of the species, catches of individuals larger than 14.2 mm is recommended. The lowest condition indices were found in the dry season, with a greater occurrence of organisms in the elimination stage and exhibiting gonad tissue reorganization. Higher indices were found in the rainy season, with the presence of mature individuals. The continuous nature of gametogenesis in Donax stritatus reflects the influence of rainfall in the region. Males and females have peak gamete elimination with pauses during the year, but with the presence of maturing and eliminating individuals throughout the year. As shellfish gathering targeting Donax striatus is excessive on Gado Bravo Beach in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, it is hoped that the results of the present study can contribute to the establishment of management measures for the activity and conservation strategies for the species. Norte Brazil gonads (gonads dimorphism Thus necessary L50, L50 L , 3 202 processing CI (CI assessed (L50 142 14 2 14. length recommended season reorganization region year L5 20 (L5 1 (L

Resumo Este estudo descreve e ilustra a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados associados a habitats de macroalgas pardas marinhas dos gêneros Sargassum e Dictyota no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, a maior Área Marinha Protegida (AMP) do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As assembleias foram amostradas durante os verões de 2018, 2019 e 2020 e no inverno de 2018 em dois locais na ilha principal. As macroalgas contendo a fauna associada foram coletadas a aproximadamente 10 metros de profundidade, com seis amostras em cada local e em cada campanha amostral. Frondes de Sargassum predominaram nas coletas de verão, enquanto estiveram ausentes nas campanhas de inverno, quando Dictyota foram predominantes. Entre os invertebrados, 32 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente nos meses de verão, associadas aos bancos de Sargassum, enquanto 12 espécies foram registradas apenas na coleta de inverno, em associação com Dictyota. No total, foram identificadas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 60 famílias, 19 ordens, 7 classes e 3 filos, incluindo Arthropoda (Malacostraca e Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia e Polyplacophora) e Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea e Echinoidea). Das 91 espécies encontradas, 73 espécies são novos registos para a área marinha do arquipélago de Alcatrazes, revelando assim a expressiva biodiversidade de invertebrados que vivem em associação com bancos de macroalgas naquela área ainda pouco explorada. Nenhuma diferença significativa de diversidade de espécies foi encontrada entre os dois locais de Alcatrazes. Além disso, foram encontrados poucos exemplares de duas espécies invasoras: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) e Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento de diferentes habitats dentro das AMPs para verificar possíveis alterações na fauna ao longo dos anos. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro inventário ilustrado da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados a algas marinhas no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, uma das maiores AMPs da costa brasileira; além de desvendar a sua notória biodiversidade, pode servir de referência para futuro monitoramento da diversidade costeira local. Alcatrazes AMP (AMP Paulo Brasil 201 202 principal 1 profundidade amostral verão predominantes total 9 6 famílias ordens filos Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) explorada disso invasoras (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) anos sabemos brasileira 20 2

Abstract This study describes and illustrates the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates associated to Sargassum and Dictyota seaweed habitats in the Alcatrazes archipelago, the largest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Assemblages were sampled during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and winter of 2018 at two sites on the main island. Macroalgae containing the associated fauna were collected at approximately 10 meters deep, with six samples at each site and in each sampling campaign. Sargassum fronds prevailed during summer collections, whilst were absent in the winter campaigns, when Dictyota was the most frequent seaweed. Among invertebrates, 32 species were exclusively found on summer months, associated to Sargassum beds, while 12 species were only registered on winter collection, in association with Dictyota. In total, 91 species were identified, belonging to 60 families, 19 orders, 7 classes and 3 phyla, including Arthropoda (Malacostraca and Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora), and Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea). Among the 91 species found, 73 species are new records for the Alcatrazes archipelago marine area, thus revealing the expressive invertebrate biodiversity living in association with macroalgae beds in that area, which has still been little explored. No significant difference in species diversity was found between the two sites of Alcatrazes. In addition, few specimens of two invasive species were found: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), which underscores the importance of monitoring different habitats within MPAs to check for possible changes in the fauna over the years. As far as our knowledge, this is the first illustrated inventory of the seaweed-associated macroinvertebrate fauna within the Alcatrazes Archipelago, one of the largest MPAs in the Brazilian coast; besides unravelling its notorious biodiversity, this can act as a reference for future monitoring of local coastal diversity. MPA (MPA Paulo Brazil 201 202 island 1 deep campaign collections campaigns invertebrates months collection total 9 identified 6 families orders phyla Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora, Polyplacophora Polyplacophora) Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) area explored addition (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) years knowledge seaweedassociated Archipelago coast 20 2

Abstract Coastal habitats are important feeding grounds for migratory shorebirds, which turns the coast of Piauí State into an important region for birds’ migration cycle. This study aimed to identify migratory shorebirds, analyze their patterns of habitat preference on coastal Piauí State, Brazil, and identify classes of invertebrates found in foraging sites. In total, 23,829 records of migratory shorebirds belonging to 15 species were found at feeding sites, presenting significant segregation between different foraging substrates (F1,23 = 8.41; p = 0.001). Limnodromus griseus (56.5±98.42; p > 0.001), Numenius hudsonicus (35.96±37.37; p > 0.001), and Calidris canutus (34.4±80.84; p < 0. 001) were the species accounting for the highest densities in muddy substrate. Calidris pusilla (77.37±178.02; p > 0.001), Charadrius semipalmatus (66±142.17: p > 0.001), and Calidris alba (56.5±181.24; p > 0.001) were the most significant species in sandy-muddy substrate. Birds’ lowest density was observed in sandy habitat, but C. alba (22.41±40.9) recorded the highest density in this substrate. Overall, most shorebirds (92.8 %) preferred foraging substrates presenting higher concentration of fine particles (silt, clay, and fine sand). Invertebrates belonging to classes Polychaeta, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Malacostraca prevailed in these sites. Therefore, substrate type and prey composition are factors influencing the density of migratory shorebirds in foraging sites. In addition, this region witnesses the occurrence of endangered species, and it reinforces the importance of these feeding sites for them during their migration to Brazil’s coastal region. birds cycle Brazil total 23829 23 829 23,82 1 F1,23 F123 F F1 (F1,2 8.41 841 8 41 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 56.5±98.42 5659842 56 5 98 42 (56.5±98.42 0.001, , 35.96±37.37 35963737 35 96 37 (35.96±37.37 34.4±80.84 3448084 34 4 80 84 (34.4±80.84 77.37±178.02 773717802 77 178 02 (77.37±178.02 66±142.17 6614217 66 142 17 (66±142.17 56.5±181.24 56518124 181 24 (56.5±181.24 sandymuddy Birds C 22.41±40.9 2241409 22 40 9 (22.41±40.9 Overall 92.8 928 92 (92. % silt, silt (silt clay sand. sand sand) Polychaeta Gastropoda Bivalvia Therefore addition Brazils s 2382 2 82 23,8 F1,2 F12 (F1, 8.4 000 0.00 00 56.5±98.4 565984 (56.5±98.4 35.96±37.3 3596373 3 (35.96±37.3 34.4±80.8 344808 (34.4±80.8 77.37±178.0 77371780 7 (77.37±178.0 66±142.1 661421 6 14 (66±142.1 56.5±181.2 5651812 18 (56.5±181.2 22.41±40. 224140 (22.41±40. 92. (92 238 23, F1, (F1 8. 0.0 56.5±98. 56598 (56.5±98. 35.96±37. 359637 (35.96±37. 34.4±80. 34480 (34.4±80. 77.37±178. 7737178 (77.37±178. 66±142. 66142 (66±142. 56.5±181. 565181 (56.5±181. 22.41±40 22414 (22.41±40 (9 (F 56.5±98 5659 (56.5±98 35.96±37 35963 (35.96±37 34.4±80 3448 (34.4±80 77.37±178 773717 (77.37±178 66±142 6614 (66±142 56.5±181 56518 (56.5±181 22.41±4 2241 (22.41±4 ( 56.5±9 565 (56.5±9 35.96±3 3596 (35.96±3 34.4±8 344 (34.4±8 77.37±17 77371 (77.37±17 66±14 661 (66±14 56.5±18 5651 (56.5±18 22.41± 224 (22.41± 56.5± (56.5± 35.96± 359 (35.96± 34.4± (34.4± 77.37±1 7737 (77.37±1 66±1 (66±1 56.5±1 (56.5±1 22.41 (22.41 56.5 (56.5 35.96 (35.96 34.4 (34.4 77.37± 773 (77.37± 66± (66± 22.4 (22.4 56. (56. 35.9 (35.9 34. (34. 77.37 (77.37 (66 22. (22. (56 35. (35. (34 77.3 (77.3 (6 (22 (5 (35 (3 77. (77. (2 (77 (7

Abstract The introduction of species beyond their natural distribution area as a result of human activities is one of the main threats to marine biodiversity. In 2019, Perna viridis , an Indo-Pacific mytilid, was recorded for the first time in the coast of Brazil in Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro State). In 2021, this species was recorded in the Northeast region of Brazil (Fortaleza, Ceará State). This record was subsequently replicated in studies from 2022, 2023, and 2024. The specimens from Ceará State were deposited in the malacological collection “Prof. Henry Ramos Matthews - Série B” of the Universidade Federal do Ceará. During a curation activity of this collection, these specimens were reanalyzed and their identification questioned. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the record of P. viridis for the Northeast region of Brazil. According to the analyses, the individuals collected on the coast of Ceará are not P. viridis , but belong to Mytella strigata , a native species of the coast of South America. Thus, the occurrence of P. viridis in the Southwestern Atlantic remains restricted to the southeast region of Brazil. biodiversity 2019 IndoPacific Indo Pacific mytilid Rio State. . State) 2021 Fortaleza, Fortaleza (Fortaleza 2022 2023 2024 Prof. Prof “Prof B questioned Therefore P analyses America Thus 201 202 20 2

Abstract Understanding shell morphology is central to taxonomic and evolutionary studies of bivalves. When traditional systematic studies find limitations in the recognition and classification of taxa, geometric morphometrics methods become a tool to tackle these uncertainties. Taxonomic difficulties are frequently found in systematics studies of the generally homoplastic Pitarinae (Venereidae). Recent contributions have proposed that Neogene-Recent South American species traditionally assigned to Pitar sensu stricto showed a distinguishable morphology that allowed separating them from that genus, including them in Proteopitar. In this contribution, we perform two morphometric analyses: elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) and 2D landmark analysis with the aim of evaluating the intra- and interspecific variation of these taxa from the Western Atlantic Ocean included in Pitar s.s. to evaluate its doubtful generic assignments. EFA results show a highly variable outline in Proteopitar patagonicus, superimposed in the morphospace of all other taxa. The three analyzed groups, Pitar, Proteopitar, and extant Western Atlantic Ocean species, are statistically differentiable in hinge morphologies (landmark analysis), as corroborated by the Discriminant Function Analysis. The latter taxa are also distributed in a restricted portion of morphospace in EFA and along with the recognition of additional morphological differences allow us to define the new genus Jasypitar. bivalves uncertainties Venereidae. Venereidae . (Venereidae) NeogeneRecent Neogene contribution analyses (EFA D intra ss s s.s assignments patagonicus groups analysis, , analysis) Analysis Jasypitar (Venereidae

Abstract In preparation for compiling a catalogue of the South Atlantic American malacofauna, this study addresses the taxonomy of selected species within less intricate groups to ensure accurate classification within the catalogue. The following nomenclatural acts are undertaken for this purpose: New species descriptions: 1, Tectura iguypis; 2, Nacella mirim; 3, Calliostoma soror; 4, Abyssochrysos quasilissus; 5, Caecum jonesae; 6, Sinum striotis; 7, Agaronia sterica; 8, Voluta melodica; 9, Phrontis rocas; 10, Goniofusus phoenix; 11, Dolicholatirus etherius; 12, Lightbournus rendatus; 13, Terebra joculosa; 14, Neoterebra potiguar; 15, Trimusculus pifius; 16, Brevinucula overa; 17, Ennucula ipepa; 18, Tindaria ruru; 19, Barbatia pehenguis; 20, Bathyarca arcadia; 21, Bentharca celeris; 22, Electroma electra; 23, Brachidontes ynous; 24, Pinna trindadis; 25, Pinna nembia; 26, Pinna pereria; 27, Servatrina amazonica; 28, Warrana culmen; 29, Lucinoma apocalyptica; 30, Cyrenoida implexa; 31, Hiatella marisqueira; 32, Cyrtopleura angelicalis; 33, Lyonsiella angulosa; 34, Graptacme obtura. Species revalidated: 1, Fissurella itapema; 2, Cranopsis watsoni; 3, Pedicularia tibia; 4, Semicassis iheringi; 5, Anachis veleda; 6, Terebra chilensis; 7, Iselica anomala; 8, Barbatia cancellaria; 9, Acar domingensis; 10, Limopsis paucidentata; 11, Paracratis borealis; 12, Crassostrea mangle; 13, Abra americana; 14, Choristodon typicum; 15, Pseudochama radians; 16, Polyschides quadridentatum. New synonyms: 1, Fissurella clenchi; 2, Natica castanea; 3, Cyphoma macumba; 4, Voluta thevenini; 5, Pleuroploca granulilabris; 6, Polyschides xavante; 7, Polyschides noronhensis. New combinations: 1, Falsilunatia limbata; 2, Goniofusus damasoi. Redescriptions/taxonomy commented: 1, Nacella mytilina; 2, Fissurella rosea; 3, Calliostoma depictum; 4, Depressiscala nautlae; 5, Depressiscala niditella; 6, Scala scipio; 7, Abyssochrysos brasilianus; 8, Caecum antillarum; 9, Cheilea equestris; 10, Sinum perspectivum; 11, Pseudocyphoma intermedium; 12, Cyphoma signatum; 13, Coronium; 14, Voluta ebraea; 15, Nassarius albus; 16, Goniofusus brasiliensis; 17, Goniofusus strigatus; 18, Leucozonia nassa; 19, Anachis lyrata; 20, Terebra gemmulata; 21, Turbonilla obsoleta; 22, Brevinucula verrillii; 23, Tindaria amabilis; 24, Bathyarca glomerula; 25, Bentharca asperula; 26, Crassostrea mangle; 27, Pinna carnea; 28, Kalolophus antillarum; 29, Warrana besnardi; 30, Chama cristella; 31, Hiatella solida; 32, Cyrtopleura costata; 33, Polyschides tetraschistus. Extension of distribution: 1, Amaea mitchelli; 2, Tindaria cytherea; 3, Lyratellina juttingae. Change of genus: 1, Naticarius cayennensis. New replacement name: 1, Turbonilla absalaoi. Validity of species discussed: 1, Cheilea atlantica; 2, Cheilea americana. Families revalidated: 1, Trichotropidae. Fossil species proposed to remain fossil-only: 1, Cranopsis granulata; 2, Iselica globosa; 3, Limopsis aurita; 4, Limopsis minuta; 5, Abra longicallus. All 104 nomenclatural acts are thoroughly justified, discussed, and mostly illustrated. Several of these acts have co-authors. https://zoobank.org/6DB1BC9F-A0E9-4C36-8BEF-EF8A375F0693. malacofauna purpose descriptions 1 iguypis 2 mirim 3 soror 4 quasilissus 5 jonesae 6 striotis 7 sterica 8 melodica 9 rocas 10 phoenix 11 etherius 12 rendatus 13 joculosa 14 potiguar 15 pifius 16 overa 17 ipepa 18 ruru 19 pehenguis 20 arcadia 21 celeris 22 electra 23 ynous 24 trindadis 25 nembia 26 pereria 27 amazonica 28 culmen 29 apocalyptica 30 implexa 31 marisqueira 32 angelicalis 33 angulosa 34 obtura revalidated itapema watsoni tibia iheringi veleda chilensis anomala cancellaria domingensis paucidentata borealis mangle americana typicum radians quadridentatum synonyms clenchi castanea macumba thevenini granulilabris xavante noronhensis combinations limbata damasoi Redescriptionstaxonomy Redescriptions commented mytilina rosea depictum nautlae niditella scipio brasilianus antillarum equestris perspectivum intermedium signatum Coronium ebraea albus brasiliensis strigatus nassa lyrata gemmulata obsoleta verrillii amabilis glomerula asperula carnea besnardi cristella solida costata tetraschistus distribution mitchelli cytherea juttingae genus cayennensis name absalaoi discussed atlantica Trichotropidae fossilonly fossil only fossil-only granulata globosa aurita minuta longicallus justified illustrated coauthors. coauthors co authors. authors co-authors https//zoobank.org/6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F0693. httpszoobankorg6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F0693 httpszoobankorgDBBCFAECBEFEFAF https //zoobank.org/6DB1BC9F A0E9 4C36 8BEF EF8A375F0693. zoobank org 6DB1BC9F EF8A375F0693 DB BC F A E C BEF EF https://zoobank.org/6DB1BC9F-A0E9-4C36-8BEF-EF8A375F0693 6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F0693 FA BEFEF https//zoobank.org/6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F0693 httpszoobankorg httpszoobankorg6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F069 zoobankorg6DB1BC9F zoobankorgDBBCF AE A0E 4C3 EFAF DBBCF EF8A375F069 https://zoobank.org/6DB1BC9F-A0E9-4C36-8BEF-EF8A375F069 DBBCFAECBEFEFAF 6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F069 https//zoobank.org/6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F069 httpszoobankorg6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F06 zoobankorg 4C EF8A375F06 https://zoobank.org/6DB1BC9F-A0E9-4C36-8BEF-EF8A375F06 6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F06 https//zoobank.org/6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F06 httpszoobankorg6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F0 EF8A375F0 https://zoobank.org/6DB1BC9F-A0E9-4C36-8BEF-EF8A375F0 6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F0 https//zoobank.org/6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F0 httpszoobankorg6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F EF8A375F https://zoobank.org/6DB1BC9F-A0E9-4C36-8BEF-EF8A375F 6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F https//zoobank.org/6DB1BC9FA0E94C368BEFEF8A375F

Abstract “For more than two decades, the Philippine government has protected the giant clams (Bivalvia: Cardiidae: Tridacninae) from exploitation and trade. However, there still is lack of information on the impact of these protective measures in conserving the species richness and density, especially in Palawan, the country’s last stronghold of these reef-associated bivalves. Hence, to assess the species richness and density of giant clams in Palawan, we conducted 57 photo-transect surveys in six sites covering 12,325 m 2. Out of these transect, 15 measured 5 × 25 m and the rest measured 5 × 50 m. For historical trends in the population of giant clams in Palawan, we used six published papers obtained from online platforms, 13 reports, and five undergraduate theses archived in local libraries. Information derived from recent field surveys indicated high variations in species richness (2 to 5 species) and densities (0.1 to > 3.6 ind.100 m -2). Historical data starting from 1984, including recent fieldwork, indicated very low densities and a declining trend. The current status suggests that giant clam populations’ viability and the reefs’ health are threatened. Effective mechanisms are needed to safeguard and enhance the remaining giant clam populations.” decades Bivalvia (Bivalvia Cardiidae Tridacninae trade However Palawan countrys country s reefassociated reef associated bivalves Hence phototransect photo transect 12325 12 325 12,32 2 1 platforms reports libraries ( 0.1 01 0 (0. 36 3 6 3. ind100 ind 100 ind.10 . -2) 1984 fieldwork trend populations reefs threatened populations. 1232 32 12,3 0. (0 ind10 10 ind.1 -2 198 123 12, ind1 ind. - 19

RESUMEN Antecedentes. En Tamaulipas, México, el ostión Crassostrea virginica es una de las especies de mayor importancia comercial. Objetivos. Se determinó la estructura poblacional de C. virginica en el Río Tigre y en la Laguna de San Andrés del Estado de Tamaulipas, México. Métodos. Se recolectaron ostiones en tres bancos de enero a diciembre del 2022, mediante el método basado en cuadrantes. Se determinó la estructura de tallas (largo, ancho y peso), distribución de estadios, relación peso-longitud, la abundancia y biomasa de C. virginica. Resultados. En total se recolectaron 2,277 organismos. La talla representativa, en los tres bancos en conjunto se presentó en un intervalo de 43-65 mm de largo. Se registraron diferencias significativas en el ancho, largo y peso de los ostiones recolectados, siendo los organismos del Banco 1 y 2 de mayor longitud y peso. Los tres bancos presentaron un crecimiento alométrico negativo al establecerse un valor b <3. En el número de reclutas entre los bancos no se registró diferencia estadística significativa. Se observó una diferencia estadística significativa entre los bancos en el número promedio de juveniles-preadultos, adultos y adultos con más de una reproducción. La abundancia en los bancos está por debajo del número mínimo establecido (> 200 ostras/m2). Se presenta inadecuado manejo del recurso en los tres bancos, donde la mayor parte capturada de ostiones se encuentra por debajo de la talla permitida para su extracción. Conclusión. La estructura de tallas muestra que la mayor parte de la población capturada de C. virginica se encuentra por debajo de la talla permitida para su extracción, por lo que se sugiere el desarrollo de estudios enfocados al manejo sustentable de esta especie.

ABSTRACT Background. In Tamaulipas, Mexico, the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is one of the most commercially important species. Goals. The population structure of C. virginica in the Tigre River and Laguna de San Andres in the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, was determined. Methods. Oysters were collected from three banks from January to December 2022 using the quadrat-based method. The size structure (length, width, and weight), instar distribution, weight-length relationship, abundance, and biomass of C. virginica were determined. Results. In total, 2,277 organisms were collected. The representative size, in the three banks, occurred in a range of 43-65 mm in length. Significant differences were recorded in the width, length, and weight of the oysters collected, with Bank 1 and 2 organisms having the greatest length and weight. The three banks presented negative allometric growth when establishing a b value <3. No significant statistical difference was recorded in the number of recruits between the banks. A statistically significant difference was observed between banks in the average number of juveniles-preadults, adults, and adults with more than one reproductive. The abundance on the banks is below the established minimum number (> 200 oysters/m2). There is inadequate management of the resource on the three banks, where most oysters captured are below the size allowed for extraction. Conclusions. The structure shows that most of the C. virginica population is below the size allowed for its extraction, which is why the development of studies focused on the sustainable management of this species is suggested.

Abstract Atlantic pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata is a bivalve with high potential for cultivation in tropical and subtropical environments. In this study, P. imbricata energetic metabolism was analyzed throughout a culture cycle at Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela. Juvenile individuals (shell length 27.40 ± 2.70 mm) were cultured in a long line at 3 m depth between May-2012 and January-2013. Monthly data of biometric measurements, Fulton index (K) and protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content of the adductor muscle, digestive gland, and mantle were estimated, and were related with environmental variables: temperature, chlorophyll a (Ch a), total particulate matter (TPM), particulate inorganic matter (PIM), particulate organic matter (POM) and upwelling index (UI). Shell length increased steadily reaching 46.23 ± 3.79 mm on the 8th month of culture, while average soft tissue weight increased associated to food availability. Biometric data and biochemical substrates from the muscle, digestive gland and mantle presented significant differences among months. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed positive relationships between carbohydrate content and temperature; mantle and digestive gland protein content with TPM, PIM, POM, UI; lipid and protein in muscle with K. Energy allocation was associated with environmental factors, mainly through high food availability given the seasonal upwelling pulses in the area.

Resumen La ostra perlera del Atlántico Pinctada imbricata es un bivalvo con gran potencial de cultivo en ambientes tropicales y subtropicales. En este estudio el metabolismo energético de la ostra perla Pinctada imbricata fue analizado durante un ciclo de cultivo en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. El cultivo se realizó usando individuos juveniles con una longitud total de la concha de 27,40 ± 2,70 mm. Los ejemplares se cultivaron a 3 m de profundidad en un long-line, entre mayo 2012 y enero 2013. Mensualmente se obtuvieron los datos biométricos, el índice metabólico de Fulton (K), el contenido de proteína, carbohidrato y lípido del músculo aductor, la glándula digestiva y el manto los cuales se relacionaron con las variables ambientales de temperatura, clorofila a, material total en suspensión (TPM), materia inorgánica particulada (PIM), materia orgánica particulada (POM), y el índice de surgencia (UI). La longitud de la concha incrementó progresivamente hasta alcanzar 46,23 ± 3,79 mm en el octavo mes del cultivo, mientras que el incremento del peso promedio de los tejidos blandos estuvo asociado a la disponibilidad de alimento. Los promedios de las variables biométricas y bioquímicas del músculo, glándula digestiva y manto presentaron diferencias significativas entre meses. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) indicó que hubo relaciones significativas del contenido de carbohidratos con la temperatura; las proteínas del manto y la glándula digestiva con TPM, PIM, POM y UI: del contenido de lípido y la proteína del músculo con K. Los compartimientos de energía se asociaron a factores ambientales, principalmente a la alta disponibilidad de alimento debido a los procesos de surgencia estacional de la localidad.

ABSTRACT Iphigenia brasiliensis is a bivalve mollusk exploited as a shellfish and subsistence resource on the Brazilian coast, mainly in the north and northeast regions. Genetic (allozyme electrophoresis revealed eight gene loci) and morphological variations (multivariate morphometry of valves used 13 linear measurements of traditional and 19 Fourier coefficients of geometric morphometry) were studied, considering the geographic (445 km of the southwest tropical Atlantic), environmental (mangroves and channels of communication with the sea of three estuaries in the state of Rio de Janeiro), and temporal dimensions (over two years). I. brasiliensis showed high levels of genetic variation (the average number of alleles per locus ranged from 2.8 to 3.4, and the average heterozygosity ranged from 0.441 to 0.675). Bayesian analysis of population partitioning showed that the highest LnP(D) value was achieved for K = 3. These results indicated mixed ancestry, possibly oscillations in the dispersion dynamics among the different sampling groups, and temporal oscillations in the population sizes due to the anthropogenic influence on the studied estuaries. The results of morphological variation, inferred by the PERMANOVA from the Fourier analysis, indicated that a similar influence might occur in valves (also, the discriminant analysis showed that different groups could be consistently identified). In this sense, the studied populations may be organized in a dynamic of metapopulations. Finally, these are the first data on morphological and genetic variation of the species in the latitudinal, environmental, and temporal dimensions studied simultaneously, thus providing relevant information for the exploration, management, and conservation of this commercially important species.

Abstract The Natural Reserve of Punta Lara (RNPL) is a protected natural area that includes Paranaense forest southernmost in the world. This area is surrounded by a densely populated and touristic sector. The objective of this work was to estimate the richness, diversity and equity of the RNPL mollusks (aquatic and terrestrial) and to establish the relationship of their species in aquatic environments. One sampling per year was carried out between 2013 and 2019. There were 32 species recorded (six are non-native species): 23 gastropods (14 freshwater, nine terrestrial) and nine bivalves. Three species were recorded in all sampling years, while six only on one occasion. The land snail genus Drepanostomella is reported for the first time in that region, and five freshwater species are reported for the first time for the RNPL. The similarity analysis of the freshwater environment separated the coastal environments from the internal environments. The environments with the highest specific richness were in internal sites of the RNPL, while the least diverse was the coast of the Río de la Plata, where the invasive species Limnoperna fortunei predominates. It is recommended to increase the conservation efforts of the different environments of the RNPL continuously threatened by urbanization. (RNPL world sector terrestrial 201 2019 3 nonnative non native species) 2 14 (1 bivalves years occasion region Plata predominates urbanization 20 1 (

ABSTRACT: Austrochlamys natans is a mollusk of commercial importance, which since 1970 has been part of the artisanal fish landings in Magallanes. As a result of the intense exploitation carried out in the 90s, the fishing authority established a permanent ban as of 2001, and there is, until now, no recent precedent on its status. During 2021, a population assessment was carried out in Parry Bay, a historic extraction area located in the Marine Coastal Protected Area of Multiple Uses, Almirantazgo Sound, where this species is subject to conservation. Two direct evaluation campaigns were carried out, making estimates of density, abundance, biomass, population structure and determination of population status using a length-based pseudo-cohort analysis model. The information was contrasted with previous studies, identifying three natural banks, with an area of 150,646 m2 and densities ranging between 102 and 209 individuals/m2. More than 99% of the shoals were made up of adult specimens of reproductive age. The average size and density increased from 72.8 to 75.5 cm of high valve and from 49 to 150 individuals/m2 between 2009 and 2021 respectively, justified by a decrease in fishing pressure and the combined effect of the closure and the creation of the Marine Coastal Protected Area of Multiple Uses. The condition of the stock was a slightly overexploited population (37% virgin biomass) and it was recommended to maintain the current levels of fishing effort to sustain sustainable exploitation. In addition, the creation of a core area was proposed, to carry out research on settlement and connectivity between the identified banks.

RESUMEN: Austrochlamys natans es un molusco de importancia comercial, que desde 1970 ha formado parte de los desembarques pesqueros artesanales en Magallanes. Producto de la intensa explotación efectuada en la década de los 90, la autoridad pesquera estableció una veda permanente a partir del año 2001, no existiendo, hasta ahora, antecedentes recientes sobre su estado. Durante 2021, se realizó una evaluación poblacional en la bahía Parry, zona histórica de extracción ubicada en el Área Marina Costera Protegida de Múltiples Usos, seno Almirantazgo, donde esta especie es objeto de conservación. Se ejecutaron dos campañas de evaluación directa, realizándose estimaciones de densidad, abundancia, biomasa, estructura poblacional y determinación del estatus poblacional utilizando un modelo de análisis de pseudo-cohortes basado en la longitud. La información fue contrastada con estudios anteriores identificándose tres bancos naturales, con una superficie de 150.646 m2 y densidades que oscilaron entre 102 y 209 individuos/m2. Los bancos estaban conformados en más de un 99%, por individuos adultos en edad reproductiva. La talla y densidad promedio, aumentó de 72,8 a 75,5 cm de alto valvar y de 49 a 150 individuos/m2 entre el 2009 y 2021 respectivamente, justificado por una baja en la presión de pesca y el efecto combinado de la veda y la creación del Área Marina Costera Protegida de Múltiples Usos. La condición del stock fue de una población ligeramente sobreexplotada (37% biomasa virginal), se recomienda mantener los actuales niveles de esfuerzo de pesca para sostener una explotación sustentable. Además, se propuso la creación de una zona núcleo, para realizar investigaciones sobre asentamiento y conectividad entre los bancos identificados.

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups. you conserve wellknown well known biologists plans context science territory South Brazil dimensions =Mollusca Mollusca (=Mollusca taxonomists Recently unprecedented collective malacologists 3 TCBF , (TCBF) realtime real Metazoan far 5000 5 000 5,00 3552 552 3,55 follows 10 (1 spp., spp spp. 6 ( 35 (3 43 (4 92 (9 629 (62 2,737 2737 2 737 (2,73 spp.. . study groups (TCBF 500 00 5,0 355 55 3,5 1 4 9 62 2,73 273 73 (2,7 50 0 5, 3, 2,7 27 7 (2, 2, (2