Abstract This study describes and illustrates the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates associated to Sargassum and Dictyota seaweed habitats in the Alcatrazes archipelago, the largest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Assemblages were sampled during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and winter of 2018 at two sites on the main island. Macroalgae containing the associated fauna were collected at approximately 10 meters deep, with six samples at each site and in each sampling campaign. Sargassum fronds prevailed during summer collections, whilst were absent in the winter campaigns, when Dictyota was the most frequent seaweed. Among invertebrates, 32 species were exclusively found on summer months, associated to Sargassum beds, while 12 species were only registered on winter collection, in association with Dictyota. In total, 91 species were identified, belonging to 60 families, 19 orders, 7 classes and 3 phyla, including Arthropoda (Malacostraca and Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora), and Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea). Among the 91 species found, 73 species are new records for the Alcatrazes archipelago marine area, thus revealing the expressive invertebrate biodiversity living in association with macroalgae beds in that area, which has still been little explored. No significant difference in species diversity was found between the two sites of Alcatrazes. In addition, few specimens of two invasive species were found: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), which underscores the importance of monitoring different habitats within MPAs to check for possible changes in the fauna over the years. As far as our knowledge, this is the first illustrated inventory of the seaweed-associated macroinvertebrate fauna within the Alcatrazes Archipelago, one of the largest MPAs in the Brazilian coast; besides unravelling its notorious biodiversity, this can act as a reference for future monitoring of local coastal diversity. MPA (MPA Paulo Brazil 201 202 island 1 deep campaign collections campaigns invertebrates months collection total 9 identified 6 families orders phyla Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora, Polyplacophora Polyplacophora) Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) area explored addition (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) years knowledge seaweedassociated Archipelago coast 20 2

Resumo Este estudo descreve e ilustra a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados associados a habitats de macroalgas pardas marinhas dos gêneros Sargassum e Dictyota no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, a maior Área Marinha Protegida (AMP) do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As assembleias foram amostradas durante os verões de 2018, 2019 e 2020 e no inverno de 2018 em dois locais na ilha principal. As macroalgas contendo a fauna associada foram coletadas a aproximadamente 10 metros de profundidade, com seis amostras em cada local e em cada campanha amostral. Frondes de Sargassum predominaram nas coletas de verão, enquanto estiveram ausentes nas campanhas de inverno, quando Dictyota foram predominantes. Entre os invertebrados, 32 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente nos meses de verão, associadas aos bancos de Sargassum, enquanto 12 espécies foram registradas apenas na coleta de inverno, em associação com Dictyota. No total, foram identificadas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 60 famílias, 19 ordens, 7 classes e 3 filos, incluindo Arthropoda (Malacostraca e Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia e Polyplacophora) e Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea e Echinoidea). Das 91 espécies encontradas, 73 espécies são novos registos para a área marinha do arquipélago de Alcatrazes, revelando assim a expressiva biodiversidade de invertebrados que vivem em associação com bancos de macroalgas naquela área ainda pouco explorada. Nenhuma diferença significativa de diversidade de espécies foi encontrada entre os dois locais de Alcatrazes. Além disso, foram encontrados poucos exemplares de duas espécies invasoras: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) e Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento de diferentes habitats dentro das AMPs para verificar possíveis alterações na fauna ao longo dos anos. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro inventário ilustrado da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados a algas marinhas no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, uma das maiores AMPs da costa brasileira; além de desvendar a sua notória biodiversidade, pode servir de referência para futuro monitoramento da diversidade costeira local. Alcatrazes AMP (AMP Paulo Brasil 201 202 principal 1 profundidade amostral verão predominantes total 9 6 famílias ordens filos Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) explorada disso invasoras (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) anos sabemos brasileira 20 2

Resumo Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Donax striatus foram estudados. Os indivíduos foram coletados mensalmente de fevereiro de 2021 a janeiro de 2022 na praia Gado Bravo, no município de Tibau do Norte, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Donax striatus é uma espécie dióica sem dimorfismo macroscópico externo (na concha) ou interno (gônadas). Assim, é necessário um exame microscópico das células reprodutivas. Para a caracterização dos estágios de desenvolvimento gonadal e determinação do tamanho na primeira maturidade sexual (L50), 30 espécimes foram selecionados mensalmente entre fevereiro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022 e submetidos ao processamento histológico. O índice de Condição (IC) de cada indivíduo foi estimado e as variações mensais foram estatisticamente avaliadas. O tamanho de primeira maturação (L50) foi estimado em 14,2 mm de comprimento de concha. Para promover a conservação da espécie, recomenda-se a captura de indivíduos maiores que 14,2 mm. Os menores índices de condição foram encontrados na estação seca, com maior ocorrência de organismos em fase de eliminação e exibindo reorganização do tecido gonadal. Índices maiores foram encontrados no período chuvoso, com presença de indivíduos maduros. A natureza contínua da gametogênese em Donax stritatus reflete a influência das chuvas na região. Machos e fêmeas apresentam pico de eliminação de gametas com pausas durante o ano, mas com presença de indivíduos em maturação e eliminação ao longo do ano. Como a mariscagem visando Donax striatus é excessiva na Praia de Gado Bravo, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, espera-se que os resultados do presente estudo possam contribuir para o estabelecimento de medidas de manejo da atividade e estratégias de conservação da espécie. estudados 202 Bravo Norte Brasil concha gônadas. gônadas . (gônadas) Assim reprodutivas L50, L50 L , 3 histológico IC (IC avaliadas (L50 142 14 2 14, recomendase recomenda se seca chuvoso maduros região ano esperase espera 20 (gônadas L5 (L5 1 (L

Abstract Aspects of the reproductive biology of Donax striatus were studied from individuals collected from Gado Bravo Beach in the municipality of Tibau do Norte, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Donax striatus is a dioic species without external (on the shell) or internal (gonads) macroscopic dimorphism. Thus, a microscopic examination of the reproductive cells is necessary. For the characterization of the gonadal development stages and determination of the size at first sexual maturity (L50), 30 specimens were selected monthly between February 2021 and January 2022 and submitted to histological processing. The condition index (CI) of each individual was estimated and monthly variations were statistically assessed. The size at first maturity (L50) was estimated to be 14.2 mm in shell length. To foster conservation of the species, catches of individuals larger than 14.2 mm is recommended. The lowest condition indices were found in the dry season, with a greater occurrence of organisms in the elimination stage and exhibiting gonad tissue reorganization. Higher indices were found in the rainy season, with the presence of mature individuals. The continuous nature of gametogenesis in Donax stritatus reflects the influence of rainfall in the region. Males and females have peak gamete elimination with pauses during the year, but with the presence of maturing and eliminating individuals throughout the year. As shellfish gathering targeting Donax striatus is excessive on Gado Bravo Beach in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, it is hoped that the results of the present study can contribute to the establishment of management measures for the activity and conservation strategies for the species. Norte Brazil gonads (gonads dimorphism Thus necessary L50, L50 L , 3 202 processing CI (CI assessed (L50 142 14 2 14. length recommended season reorganization region year L5 20 (L5 1 (L

Abstract “For more than two decades, the Philippine government has protected the giant clams (Bivalvia: Cardiidae: Tridacninae) from exploitation and trade. However, there still is lack of information on the impact of these protective measures in conserving the species richness and density, especially in Palawan, the country’s last stronghold of these reef-associated bivalves. Hence, to assess the species richness and density of giant clams in Palawan, we conducted 57 photo-transect surveys in six sites covering 12,325 m 2. Out of these transect, 15 measured 5 × 25 m and the rest measured 5 × 50 m. For historical trends in the population of giant clams in Palawan, we used six published papers obtained from online platforms, 13 reports, and five undergraduate theses archived in local libraries. Information derived from recent field surveys indicated high variations in species richness (2 to 5 species) and densities (0.1 to > 3.6 ind.100 m -2). Historical data starting from 1984, including recent fieldwork, indicated very low densities and a declining trend. The current status suggests that giant clam populations’ viability and the reefs’ health are threatened. Effective mechanisms are needed to safeguard and enhance the remaining giant clam populations.” decades Bivalvia (Bivalvia Cardiidae Tridacninae trade However Palawan countrys country s reefassociated reef associated bivalves Hence phototransect photo transect 12325 12 325 12,32 2 1 platforms reports libraries ( 0.1 01 0 (0. 36 3 6 3. ind100 ind 100 ind.10 . -2) 1984 fieldwork trend populations reefs threatened populations. 1232 32 12,3 0. (0 ind10 10 ind.1 -2 198 123 12, ind1 ind. - 19

Abstract The introduction of species beyond their natural distribution area as a result of human activities is one of the main threats to marine biodiversity. In 2019, Perna viridis , an Indo-Pacific mytilid, was recorded for the first time in the coast of Brazil in Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro State). In 2021, this species was recorded in the Northeast region of Brazil (Fortaleza, Ceará State). This record was subsequently replicated in studies from 2022, 2023, and 2024. The specimens from Ceará State were deposited in the malacological collection “Prof. Henry Ramos Matthews - Série B” of the Universidade Federal do Ceará. During a curation activity of this collection, these specimens were reanalyzed and their identification questioned. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the record of P. viridis for the Northeast region of Brazil. According to the analyses, the individuals collected on the coast of Ceará are not P. viridis , but belong to Mytella strigata , a native species of the coast of South America. Thus, the occurrence of P. viridis in the Southwestern Atlantic remains restricted to the southeast region of Brazil. biodiversity 2019 IndoPacific Indo Pacific mytilid Rio State. . State) 2021 Fortaleza, Fortaleza (Fortaleza 2022 2023 2024 Prof. Prof “Prof B questioned Therefore P analyses America Thus 201 202 20 2

Resumo Este estudo descreve e ilustra a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados associados a habitats de macroalgas pardas marinhas dos gêneros Sargassum e Dictyota no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, a maior Área Marinha Protegida (AMP) do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As assembleias foram amostradas durante os verões de 2018, 2019 e 2020 e no inverno de 2018 em dois locais na ilha principal. As macroalgas contendo a fauna associada foram coletadas a aproximadamente 10 metros de profundidade, com seis amostras em cada local e em cada campanha amostral. Frondes de Sargassum predominaram nas coletas de verão, enquanto estiveram ausentes nas campanhas de inverno, quando Dictyota foram predominantes. Entre os invertebrados, 32 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente nos meses de verão, associadas aos bancos de Sargassum, enquanto 12 espécies foram registradas apenas na coleta de inverno, em associação com Dictyota. No total, foram identificadas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 60 famílias, 19 ordens, 7 classes e 3 filos, incluindo Arthropoda (Malacostraca e Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia e Polyplacophora) e Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea e Echinoidea). Das 91 espécies encontradas, 73 espécies são novos registos para a área marinha do arquipélago de Alcatrazes, revelando assim a expressiva biodiversidade de invertebrados que vivem em associação com bancos de macroalgas naquela área ainda pouco explorada. Nenhuma diferença significativa de diversidade de espécies foi encontrada entre os dois locais de Alcatrazes. Além disso, foram encontrados poucos exemplares de duas espécies invasoras: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) e Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento de diferentes habitats dentro das AMPs para verificar possíveis alterações na fauna ao longo dos anos. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro inventário ilustrado da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados a algas marinhas no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, uma das maiores AMPs da costa brasileira; além de desvendar a sua notória biodiversidade, pode servir de referência para futuro monitoramento da diversidade costeira local. Alcatrazes AMP (AMP Paulo Brasil 201 202 principal 1 profundidade amostral verão predominantes total 9 6 famílias ordens filos Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) explorada disso invasoras (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) anos sabemos brasileira 20 2

Abstract This study describes and illustrates the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates associated to Sargassum and Dictyota seaweed habitats in the Alcatrazes archipelago, the largest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Assemblages were sampled during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and winter of 2018 at two sites on the main island. Macroalgae containing the associated fauna were collected at approximately 10 meters deep, with six samples at each site and in each sampling campaign. Sargassum fronds prevailed during summer collections, whilst were absent in the winter campaigns, when Dictyota was the most frequent seaweed. Among invertebrates, 32 species were exclusively found on summer months, associated to Sargassum beds, while 12 species were only registered on winter collection, in association with Dictyota. In total, 91 species were identified, belonging to 60 families, 19 orders, 7 classes and 3 phyla, including Arthropoda (Malacostraca and Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora), and Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea). Among the 91 species found, 73 species are new records for the Alcatrazes archipelago marine area, thus revealing the expressive invertebrate biodiversity living in association with macroalgae beds in that area, which has still been little explored. No significant difference in species diversity was found between the two sites of Alcatrazes. In addition, few specimens of two invasive species were found: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), which underscores the importance of monitoring different habitats within MPAs to check for possible changes in the fauna over the years. As far as our knowledge, this is the first illustrated inventory of the seaweed-associated macroinvertebrate fauna within the Alcatrazes Archipelago, one of the largest MPAs in the Brazilian coast; besides unravelling its notorious biodiversity, this can act as a reference for future monitoring of local coastal diversity. MPA (MPA Paulo Brazil 201 202 island 1 deep campaign collections campaigns invertebrates months collection total 9 identified 6 families orders phyla Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora, Polyplacophora Polyplacophora) Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) area explored addition (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) years knowledge seaweedassociated Archipelago coast 20 2

Abstract Coastal habitats are important feeding grounds for migratory shorebirds, which turns the coast of Piauí State into an important region for birds’ migration cycle. This study aimed to identify migratory shorebirds, analyze their patterns of habitat preference on coastal Piauí State, Brazil, and identify classes of invertebrates found in foraging sites. In total, 23,829 records of migratory shorebirds belonging to 15 species were found at feeding sites, presenting significant segregation between different foraging substrates (F1,23 = 8.41; p = 0.001). Limnodromus griseus (56.5±98.42; p > 0.001), Numenius hudsonicus (35.96±37.37; p > 0.001), and Calidris canutus (34.4±80.84; p < 0. 001) were the species accounting for the highest densities in muddy substrate. Calidris pusilla (77.37±178.02; p > 0.001), Charadrius semipalmatus (66±142.17: p > 0.001), and Calidris alba (56.5±181.24; p > 0.001) were the most significant species in sandy-muddy substrate. Birds’ lowest density was observed in sandy habitat, but C. alba (22.41±40.9) recorded the highest density in this substrate. Overall, most shorebirds (92.8 %) preferred foraging substrates presenting higher concentration of fine particles (silt, clay, and fine sand). Invertebrates belonging to classes Polychaeta, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Malacostraca prevailed in these sites. Therefore, substrate type and prey composition are factors influencing the density of migratory shorebirds in foraging sites. In addition, this region witnesses the occurrence of endangered species, and it reinforces the importance of these feeding sites for them during their migration to Brazil’s coastal region. birds cycle Brazil total 23829 23 829 23,82 1 F1,23 F123 F F1 (F1,2 8.41 841 8 41 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 56.5±98.42 5659842 56 5 98 42 (56.5±98.42 0.001, , 35.96±37.37 35963737 35 96 37 (35.96±37.37 34.4±80.84 3448084 34 4 80 84 (34.4±80.84 77.37±178.02 773717802 77 178 02 (77.37±178.02 66±142.17 6614217 66 142 17 (66±142.17 56.5±181.24 56518124 181 24 (56.5±181.24 sandymuddy Birds C 22.41±40.9 2241409 22 40 9 (22.41±40.9 Overall 92.8 928 92 (92. % silt, silt (silt clay sand. sand sand) Polychaeta Gastropoda Bivalvia Therefore addition Brazils s 2382 2 82 23,8 F1,2 F12 (F1, 8.4 000 0.00 00 56.5±98.4 565984 (56.5±98.4 35.96±37.3 3596373 3 (35.96±37.3 34.4±80.8 344808 (34.4±80.8 77.37±178.0 77371780 7 (77.37±178.0 66±142.1 661421 6 14 (66±142.1 56.5±181.2 5651812 18 (56.5±181.2 22.41±40. 224140 (22.41±40. 92. (92 238 23, F1, (F1 8. 0.0 56.5±98. 56598 (56.5±98. 35.96±37. 359637 (35.96±37. 34.4±80. 34480 (34.4±80. 77.37±178. 7737178 (77.37±178. 66±142. 66142 (66±142. 56.5±181. 565181 (56.5±181. 22.41±40 22414 (22.41±40 (9 (F 56.5±98 5659 (56.5±98 35.96±37 35963 (35.96±37 34.4±80 3448 (34.4±80 77.37±178 773717 (77.37±178 66±142 6614 (66±142 56.5±181 56518 (56.5±181 22.41±4 2241 (22.41±4 ( 56.5±9 565 (56.5±9 35.96±3 3596 (35.96±3 34.4±8 344 (34.4±8 77.37±17 77371 (77.37±17 66±14 661 (66±14 56.5±18 5651 (56.5±18 22.41± 224 (22.41± 56.5± (56.5± 35.96± 359 (35.96± 34.4± (34.4± 77.37±1 7737 (77.37±1 66±1 (66±1 56.5±1 (56.5±1 22.41 (22.41 56.5 (56.5 35.96 (35.96 34.4 (34.4 77.37± 773 (77.37± 66± (66± 22.4 (22.4 56. (56. 35.9 (35.9 34. (34. 77.37 (77.37 (66 22. (22. (56 35. (35. (34 77.3 (77.3 (6 (22 (5 (35 (3 77. (77. (2 (77 (7

ABSTRACT Background. In Tamaulipas, Mexico, the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is one of the most commercially important species. Goals. The population structure of C. virginica in the Tigre River and Laguna de San Andres in the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, was determined. Methods. Oysters were collected from three banks from January to December 2022 using the quadrat-based method. The size structure (length, width, and weight), instar distribution, weight-length relationship, abundance, and biomass of C. virginica were determined. Results. In total, 2,277 organisms were collected. The representative size, in the three banks, occurred in a range of 43-65 mm in length. Significant differences were recorded in the width, length, and weight of the oysters collected, with Bank 1 and 2 organisms having the greatest length and weight. The three banks presented negative allometric growth when establishing a b value <3. No significant statistical difference was recorded in the number of recruits between the banks. A statistically significant difference was observed between banks in the average number of juveniles-preadults, adults, and adults with more than one reproductive. The abundance on the banks is below the established minimum number (> 200 oysters/m2). There is inadequate management of the resource on the three banks, where most oysters captured are below the size allowed for extraction. Conclusions. The structure shows that most of the C. virginica population is below the size allowed for its extraction, which is why the development of studies focused on the sustainable management of this species is suggested.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. En Tamaulipas, México, el ostión Crassostrea virginica es una de las especies de mayor importancia comercial. Objetivos. Se determinó la estructura poblacional de C. virginica en el Río Tigre y en la Laguna de San Andrés del Estado de Tamaulipas, México. Métodos. Se recolectaron ostiones en tres bancos de enero a diciembre del 2022, mediante el método basado en cuadrantes. Se determinó la estructura de tallas (largo, ancho y peso), distribución de estadios, relación peso-longitud, la abundancia y biomasa de C. virginica. Resultados. En total se recolectaron 2,277 organismos. La talla representativa, en los tres bancos en conjunto se presentó en un intervalo de 43-65 mm de largo. Se registraron diferencias significativas en el ancho, largo y peso de los ostiones recolectados, siendo los organismos del Banco 1 y 2 de mayor longitud y peso. Los tres bancos presentaron un crecimiento alométrico negativo al establecerse un valor b <3. En el número de reclutas entre los bancos no se registró diferencia estadística significativa. Se observó una diferencia estadística significativa entre los bancos en el número promedio de juveniles-preadultos, adultos y adultos con más de una reproducción. La abundancia en los bancos está por debajo del número mínimo establecido (> 200 ostras/m2). Se presenta inadecuado manejo del recurso en los tres bancos, donde la mayor parte capturada de ostiones se encuentra por debajo de la talla permitida para su extracción. Conclusión. La estructura de tallas muestra que la mayor parte de la población capturada de C. virginica se encuentra por debajo de la talla permitida para su extracción, por lo que se sugiere el desarrollo de estudios enfocados al manejo sustentable de esta especie.

Abstract Atlantic pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata is a bivalve with high potential for cultivation in tropical and subtropical environments. In this study, P. imbricata energetic metabolism was analyzed throughout a culture cycle at Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela. Juvenile individuals (shell length 27.40 ± 2.70 mm) were cultured in a long line at 3 m depth between May-2012 and January-2013. Monthly data of biometric measurements, Fulton index (K) and protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content of the adductor muscle, digestive gland, and mantle were estimated, and were related with environmental variables: temperature, chlorophyll a (Ch a), total particulate matter (TPM), particulate inorganic matter (PIM), particulate organic matter (POM) and upwelling index (UI). Shell length increased steadily reaching 46.23 ± 3.79 mm on the 8th month of culture, while average soft tissue weight increased associated to food availability. Biometric data and biochemical substrates from the muscle, digestive gland and mantle presented significant differences among months. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed positive relationships between carbohydrate content and temperature; mantle and digestive gland protein content with TPM, PIM, POM, UI; lipid and protein in muscle with K. Energy allocation was associated with environmental factors, mainly through high food availability given the seasonal upwelling pulses in the area.

Resumen La ostra perlera del Atlántico Pinctada imbricata es un bivalvo con gran potencial de cultivo en ambientes tropicales y subtropicales. En este estudio el metabolismo energético de la ostra perla Pinctada imbricata fue analizado durante un ciclo de cultivo en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. El cultivo se realizó usando individuos juveniles con una longitud total de la concha de 27,40 ± 2,70 mm. Los ejemplares se cultivaron a 3 m de profundidad en un long-line, entre mayo 2012 y enero 2013. Mensualmente se obtuvieron los datos biométricos, el índice metabólico de Fulton (K), el contenido de proteína, carbohidrato y lípido del músculo aductor, la glándula digestiva y el manto los cuales se relacionaron con las variables ambientales de temperatura, clorofila a, material total en suspensión (TPM), materia inorgánica particulada (PIM), materia orgánica particulada (POM), y el índice de surgencia (UI). La longitud de la concha incrementó progresivamente hasta alcanzar 46,23 ± 3,79 mm en el octavo mes del cultivo, mientras que el incremento del peso promedio de los tejidos blandos estuvo asociado a la disponibilidad de alimento. Los promedios de las variables biométricas y bioquímicas del músculo, glándula digestiva y manto presentaron diferencias significativas entre meses. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) indicó que hubo relaciones significativas del contenido de carbohidratos con la temperatura; las proteínas del manto y la glándula digestiva con TPM, PIM, POM y UI: del contenido de lípido y la proteína del músculo con K. Los compartimientos de energía se asociaron a factores ambientales, principalmente a la alta disponibilidad de alimento debido a los procesos de surgencia estacional de la localidad.

Abstract The Natural Reserve of Punta Lara (RNPL) is a protected natural area that includes Paranaense forest southernmost in the world. This area is surrounded by a densely populated and touristic sector. The objective of this work was to estimate the richness, diversity and equity of the RNPL mollusks (aquatic and terrestrial) and to establish the relationship of their species in aquatic environments. One sampling per year was carried out between 2013 and 2019. There were 32 species recorded (six are non-native species): 23 gastropods (14 freshwater, nine terrestrial) and nine bivalves. Three species were recorded in all sampling years, while six only on one occasion. The land snail genus Drepanostomella is reported for the first time in that region, and five freshwater species are reported for the first time for the RNPL. The similarity analysis of the freshwater environment separated the coastal environments from the internal environments. The environments with the highest specific richness were in internal sites of the RNPL, while the least diverse was the coast of the Río de la Plata, where the invasive species Limnoperna fortunei predominates. It is recommended to increase the conservation efforts of the different environments of the RNPL continuously threatened by urbanization. (RNPL world sector terrestrial 201 2019 3 nonnative non native species) 2 14 (1 bivalves years occasion region Plata predominates urbanization 20 1 (

ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups. you conserve wellknown well known biologists plans context science territory South Brazil dimensions =Mollusca Mollusca (=Mollusca taxonomists Recently unprecedented collective malacologists 3 TCBF , (TCBF) realtime real Metazoan far 5000 5 000 5,00 3552 552 3,55 follows 10 (1 spp., spp spp. 6 ( 35 (3 43 (4 92 (9 629 (62 2,737 2737 2 737 (2,73 spp.. . study groups (TCBF 500 00 5,0 355 55 3,5 1 4 9 62 2,73 273 73 (2,7 50 0 5, 3, 2,7 27 7 (2, 2, (2

Abstract Despite the great diversity, economic and environmental importance of limnic mollusks, the group is still little investigated in the Brazilian semiarid region, especially in the state of Piauí. Thus, this work aims to gather information on the diversity of limnic mollusks in the Brazilian Northeast and the semiarid region, including new records for the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil. For this, collections in the urban perimeter of the Itaim and Guaribas Rivers, municipalities of Itainópolis, and Picos, respectively, between October 2017 and September 2019. Besides, a literature review was conducted on studies of malacofauna in the Northeast and the Brazilian semiarid region. A total of 11 species from the classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia were collected on the rivers of Piauí, being the first record of Uncancylus concentricus for the Northeast region. For lotic environments in the state of Piauí, Drepanotrema schubarti, Pomacea canaliculata, Pisidium dorbignyi and Stenophysa marmorata were registered for the first time. Then, it was possible to verify that the Northeast of Brazil has 71 species registered, of which 34 occur in the semiarid. The diversity of species surveyed and the first record of the occurrence of several of them for the semiarid region demonstrate the importance of expanding studies involving this group to other areas. The present study is the first to gather and increase the information available on the fauna of limnic mollusks for the Northeast and Brazilian semiarid regions. The information gathered here may contribute to future research and to the species conservation and the environments they occupy, especially considering the presence of non- native and vector species.

ABSTRACT The zooplankton taxonomic group composition was analyzed in a known spawning area for snooks of the family Centropomidae during March 2011-February 2012 near the González River’s mouth, a tributary of the Grijalva-Usumacinta River system, discharging into the southern Gulf of Mexico. Zooplankton was collected near the surface using three distinct zooplankton nets (20, 64, and 120 µm). Sixteen zooplankton taxonomic groups were collected between the three nets. Copepoda (76.9%), Trematoda (6.7%), Bivalvia (4.6%), and Chaetognatha (Sagittoidea 4.3%) numerically dominated zooplankton community structure. The 120 and 64 µm nets collected the highest diversity of zooplankton (15 taxa). Zooplankton was more abundant during June-October (summer storm season). They associated with lower salinities (due to the increase in the discharge volume of the Grijalva-Usumacinta River system) and higher regional primary productivity than observed during the rest of the year (March-May, dry season, and November-February, winter storm season). The highest peak of zooplankton abundance was found in November during the beginning of winter storms. Nine taxonomic groups were observed frequently and abundantly during the summer storm season, while only five taxonomic groups were abundant during the dry season.

RESUMO Nós investigamos a variação espacial das assembleias de moluscos em função de diferentes habitats formados por fauna séssil e substrato rochoso em uma zona entre marés rochosa no nordeste do Brasil. O substrato da zona entre marés superior era predominantemente recoberto por cracas [Chthamalus bisinuatus (Pilsbry, 1916)], da zona entre marés média por mexilhões [Brachidontes exustus (Linnaeus, 1758)] e da zona entre marés inferior por macroalgas clorofíceas [Gayralia oxysperma (Kützing) K. L. Vinogradova ex Scagel et al., 1989 and Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753], feofíceas [Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh, 1820] e rodofíceas [Palisada flagellifera (J. Agardh) K. W. Nam, 2007]. Foram registrados 3861 moluscos pertecentes às classes Gastropoda (9 espécies; 3800 indivíduos), Bivalvia (3 spp.; 54 ind.), e Polyplacophora (1 sp.; 7 ind.). A diversidade funcional foi analisada através da estrutura trófica, na qual identificamos as guildas alimentares: suspensívoros, raspadores, herbívoros e carnívoros. Abundância, riqueza de espécies, diversidade de Shannon, uniformidade de Pielou e diversidade trófica variaram em função dos habitats formados por cracas, mexilhões, algas e substrato rochoso. Habitats formados por algas e mexilhões apresentaram elevada riqueza de espécies e diversidade trófica, entretanto, apresentaram baixa abundância. Ao contrário, o habitat formado por cracas registrou baixa riqueza e diversidade trófica e elevado número de indivíduos. O substrato rochoso apresentou valores baixos em todos os índices investigados. Esse resultado mostra o efeito da modificação ambiental provocada pela fauna séssil nesse sistema. Esses organismos aumentam a complexidade ambiental e viabilizam o estabelecimento de organismos por meio de processos de facilitação. As diferentes guildas alimentares encontradas neste estudo reafirmam o papel dos substratos biológicos no fornecimento de nichos capazes de suportar diferentes padrões de ocupação.

ABSTRACT We investigated the spatial variation of molluscan assemblages with different habitat-forming species and bare rock habitat in a rocky intertidal zone in northeastern Brazil. The high intertidal zone substrate was covered predominantly of barnacles [Chthamalus bisinuatus (Pilsbry, 1916)], the mid-intertidal of mussels [Brachidontes exustus (Linnaeus, 1758)] and the low intertidal of macroalgae chlorophytes [Gayralia oxysperma (Kützing) K. L. Vinogradova ex Scagel et al., 1989 and Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753], phaeophytes [Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh] and rhodophytes [Palisada flagellifera (J.Agardh) K. W. Nam, 2007]. A total of 3,861 mollusks were recorded, belonging to the classes Gastropoda (9 species; 3,800 individuals), Bivalvia (3 spp.; 54 ind.), and Polyplacophora (1 sp.; 7 ind.). Functional diversity was accessed through the trophic structure, in which we identified food guilds: suspension feeders, grazers, herbivores, and carnivores. The analysis revealed significant differences in mollusk abundance, species richness, diversity indices, and trophic diversity among barnacle belts, mussel beds, algae habitat, and bare rock habitats. The highest species richness and trophic diversity were detected in algae habitat and mussel beds, which showed low abundance. In contrast, barnacle belts registered low species richness and trophic diversity and a high number of individuals. Bare rock recorded low values in all surveyed indices. This result points to the effect of environmental modification caused by habitat-forming species in this system. These species increase environmental complexity and enable the establishment of organisms through facilitation processes. The various food guilds found in this study reaffirm the role of habitat-forming species in providing niches that support different occupation patterns.

ABSTRACT There have been no published studies of the genus Donax in the eastern tropical Pacific. This work describes the morphometric relationships, growth and mortality of the bean clam Donax punctatostriatus Hanley, 1843 in the sandy beach of Isla de la Piedra, south of Mazatlán Bay, Mexico. Direct collections by hand were performed during 20 monthly sample periods (November 2008 to June 2010) in the intertidal zone of the beach. A total of 2,324 clams of different sizes were removed from the sand, then measured and weighed in the laboratory. The length range of the shells was 2.78-25.64 mm (mean = 12.61 ± 4.04 mm). The length-weight relationship of the total sample indicated isometric growth (a = 0.0002 g; b = 3.0 g mm−1, R2 = 0.97); there was positive allometric growth in the recruits (<6.99 mm) (b = 3.4) and in juveniles (b = 3.2); in adults there was negative allometric growth (b = 2.6). Negative allometry of the length/width (log Wd = −0.239 + 0.922 log L) and height/width (log Wd = −0.054 + 0.900 log H) ratio of adults is consistent with a more compressed form of their shell, which assists rapid burying behavior in the sand. The maximum-recorded size of an empty shell (39 mm) was used to set the value of L∞ and to estimate K with the Shepherd (SLCA) method. The average growth rate during the life cycle was 0.43 mm yr−1. Values of L∞ between 29.16 and 34.22 mm were estimated with the Powell-Wetherall method using different class intervals. The mortality coefficient estimated with various methods was variable (0.84-1.15 yr−1). The growth of the clam is rapid and the mortality high, probably because of the characteristics of the habitat, in a subtropical region with high hydrodynamics and sediment transport.

ABSTRACT A narrow upper Paleozoic belt crops out in the northern tip of Sierra de Tecka through the Quebrada de Güera-Peña (Patagonia, Argentina). There, black shales of the Pampa de Tepuel Formation contain marine fossil invertebrates previously listed as belonging to the “Levipustula” fauna. Material recently recorded by the authors comprises, in order of abundance, gastropods [Glabrocingulum (Glabrocingulum) poperimense (Maxwell), G. (Stenozone) argentinum (Reed), G. (Stenozone) sp., Peruvispira teckaensis sp. nov., Ananias riccardii Pinilla], bivalves [Nuculopsis (Nuculopsis) patagoniensis González, Phestia tepuelensis González, Streblochondria sueroi González, Streblopteria sp.], conulariids [Paraconularia cf. ugartei Cúneo and Sabattini], brachiopods [Amosia sueroi Simanauskas, Languigneotus laevicaudatum (Amos), Beecheria patagonica Amos], trilobites [Australosutura argentinensis Hahn and Hahn], cephalopods [Pseudoorthoceratidae Flower and Caster, Sueroceras? sp., Mitorthoceras? sp.], and rugose corals [?Lophophyllidiidae Moore and Jeffords]. In addition, the present study includes the new key brachiopods Languigneotus dammanorum gen. et sp. nov. and Tuberculatella waterhousei sp. nov. from younger localities of the Tepuel-Genoa Basin. The Languigneotus laevicaudatum and Languigneotus-Verchojania subzones (late Pennsylvanian) are proposed herein to replace the former Tuberculatella Zone. In addition, previous stratigraphic relationships and correlations of the study section with the Arroyo Pescado (Estancia Ap Iwan) and Esquel areas are discussed. The general stratigraphic profile of a glacial-related section cropping out at Estancia Ap Iwan includes lower conglomeradic beds, which are reinterpreted as early Jurassic in age, and glacimarine levels that are partially equivalent to the Pampa de Tepuel Formation but older than those of Quebrada de Güera-Peña. A correlation of the Esquel Formation with the Arroyo Pescado Formation and other contemporaneous units on the paleopacific margin is assessed, implying that the Esquel Formation should be segregated from the Tepuel Group. The Esquel and Arroyo Pescado formations can be regarded as the basement of the glaciomarine column of the Tepuel-Genoa Basin.

RESUMEN Una estrecha faja neopaleozoica aflora atravesando el extremo norte de la Sierra de Tecka a lo largo de la Quebrada de Güera-Peña (Patagonia, Argentina). Alli, lutitas negras de la Formación Pampa de Tepuel contienen invertebrados marinos previamente asignados a la fauna de “Levipustula”. Nuevo material coleccionado por los autores incluye, en orden de abundancia, gastrópodos [Glabrocingulum (Glabrocingulum) poperimense (Maxwell), G. (Stenozone) argentinum (Reed), G. (Stenozone) sp., Peruvispira teckaensis sp. nov., Ananias riccardii Pinilla], bivalvos [Nuculopsis (Nuculopsis) patagoniensis González, Phestia tepuelensis González, Streblochondria sueroi González, Streblopteria sp.], conuláridos [Paraconularia cf. ugartei Cúneo y Sabattini], braquiópodos [Amosia sueroi Simanauskas, Languigneotus laevicaudatum (Amos), Beecheria patagonica Amos], trilobites [Australosutura argentinensis Hahn y Hahn], cefalópodos [Pseudoorthoceratidae Flower y Caster, Sueroceras? sp., Mitorthoceras? sp.] y corales rugosos [?Lophophyllidiidae Moore y Jeffords]. El presente estudio incluye además los nuevos braquiópodos clave Languigneotus dammanorum gen. et sp. nov. y Tuberculatella waterhousei sp. nov. provenientes de otras localidades más jóvenes de la cuenca. Se proponen formalmente las subzonas de Languigneotus laevicaudatum y de Languigneotus-Verchojania, en reemplazo de la anteriormente equivalente Zona de Tuberculatella. Se discuten las relaciones estratigráficas y correlaciones previamente propuestas para la sección estudiada en relación a las áreas de Arroyo Pescado (Estancia Ap Iwan) y Esquel. El perfil estratigráfico general de la sección con influencia glacial aflorante en la Estancia Ap Iwan incluye una parte inferior con conglomerados que son reasignados al Jurásico inferior, y tramos superiores que son parcialmente equivalentes a la Formación Pampa de Tepuel pero más antiguos que los aflorantes en la Quebrada de Güera Peña. Por otro lado, se refuerza la correlación de la Formación Arroyo Pescado con la Formación Esquel, así como con otras unidades contemporáneas reconocidas hacia el oeste, sobre el margen paleopacífico. La correlación de las formaciones Esquel y Arroyo Pescado implica segregar la primera del Grupo Tepuel, así como considerar a las mismas como basamento de la columna estratigráfica de la Cuenca de Tepuel-Genoa.