ABSTRACT The cowpea is a legume that is widely grown in the north-east of Brazil, and which has been gaining ground in other regions of the country. The main producer is the state of Ceará, with a large planted-area, albeit low productivity due to a lack of producer technology and adapted cultivars. The aim of this study was to identify and recommend superior genotypes in terms of adaptability and stability under rainfed and irrigated conditions, in addition to genotypes with reduced grain darkening. To this end, six experiments were conducted in different districts of Ceará (Crato, Pentecoste, Crateús, Madalena, Bela Cruz and Limoeiro do Norte) and one laboratory experiment, to evaluate grain darkening. The experimental design of the field trials was of randomised blocks, with 14 genotypes and 4 replications. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect from the genotypes and environments and their interaction, so GGE Biplot analysis was carried out to evaluate adaptability and stability. To evaluate grain darkening, a completely randomised design was used in a simple factorial scheme with six previously selected genotypes and five different storage times (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). There was a significant effect from the genotypes and storage time. Genotype 1 showed the least darkening, and can be recommended for environments to which it is best adapted (Crato and Crateús). Genotype 9 was considered the most stable for grain yield, and can be more broadly recommended for the semi-arid region of the state of Ceará. northeast north east Brazil country plantedarea, plantedarea planted area, area planted-area cultivars conditions darkening end Crato, Crato Pentecoste Crateús Madalena Norte experiment blocks replications interaction 0, 0 (0 2 months. months . months) time Crateús. Crateús) yield semiarid semi arid (

ABSTRACT The Indonesian wide range of biogeophysical conditions lead to Genotype×Environment interaction (G×E). Multiple stability analysis methods can provide more comprehensive and reliable information about the G×E. The objective of this research was to determine the yield stability of seven promising maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (SJI 1, SJI 2, SJI 3, SJI 4, SJI 5, SJI 6, SJI 7) and three control cultivars (Pioneer 36, Bisi 18 and Pertiwi 6) using Francis and Kannenberg, Finlay and Wilkinson, Eberhart and Russel, Shukla and GGE biplot analyses. The hybrids and cultivars were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in 10 locations in the dry season 2022. The results indicated that hybrid SJI 001 had the highest yield (12.57 t ha-1) and was stable according to the five stability analyses. On the other hand, hybrid SJI 002 (8.36 t ha-1) performed well in unfavourable environments, while hybrid SJI 006 (12.02 t ha-1) and ‘Pertiwi 6’ (11.48 t ha-1) performed well in favourable ones. In addition, GGE biplot analysis revealed that SJI 006 was well adapted to Prambon and ‘Pertiwi 6’ to Bajeng.

Abstract Introduction. In tomato breeding programs, obtaining new genotypes requires the evaluation of genetic materials in different environments. Objective. To identify tomato genotypes with better adaptability and stability in the province of Los Santos, Panama. Materials and methods. This research was carried out in 5 environments in the province of Los Santos, Panama, during 2022-2023 agricultural cycle. Fifteen genotypes were planted under a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance at the level of each environment and combined using the residual maximum likelihood methodology (REML). The genotype-by-environment interaction was estimated by GGE-SReg Biplot analysis. Results and discussion. The analysis revealed a significant interaction between the genotypes and the environments studied, the first 2 axes of the principal components of the interaction explained 70.96% of the total variation. The GGE Biplot through Polygon (which, won, where) allowed the identification of 3 potential environmental groups. The group of mutants T7.RB-50-EN44-13, R1.15-17-18-LV14-2 and R3.10-79-81-LV7-1 were determined as the most outstanding for their stability and performance. The study on the discrimination capacity and representativeness of the environments identified El Ejido and Villa Lourdes as the most discriminating environments while Tres Quebradas was the most representative and the closest to the ideal target environment. Conclusion. The GGE-SReg Biplot analysis allowed an efficient analysis of the genotype-by-environment interaction, which makes it a very efficient tool to identify superior genotypes with good adaptability and stability to the region of interest.

Resumen Introducción. En los programas de fitomejoramiento de tomate, la obtención de nuevos genotipos requiere evaluar los materiales genéticos en diferentes ambientes. Objetivo. Identificar los genotipos de tomate con mejor adaptabilidad y estabilidad en la provincia de Los Santos, Panamá. Materiales y métodos. Esta investigación se desarrolló en 5 ambientes de la provincia de Los Santos, Panamá, en el ciclo agrícola 2022-2023. Se sembraron 15 genotipos bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con 3 repeticiones. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante un análisis de varianza a nivel de cada ambiente y combinado con la metodología de máxima verosimilitud residual (REML). La interacción genotipo por ambiente se estimó a través el análisis Biplot GGE-SReg. Resultados y discusión. Los análisis revelaron una interacción significativa entre los genotipos y los ambientes estudiados, los 2 primeros ejes de los componentes principales de la interacción explicaron el 70,96% de la variación total. El Biplot GGE a través del polígono (cuál, ganó, dónde) permitió identificar 3 grupos ambientales potenciales. Se determinó el grupo de los mutantes T7.RB-50-EN44-13, R1.15-17-18-LV14-2 y R3.10-79-81-LV7-1 como los más sobresalientes por su estabilidad y rendimiento. El estudio sobre la capacidad de discriminación y representatividad de los ambientes identificaron al El Ejido y Villa Lourdes como los entornos más discriminantes mientras que Tres Quebradas fue el más representativo y el más cercano al ambiente ideal objetivo. Conclusión. El análisis Biplot GGE-SReg permitió hacer un análisis eficiente de la interacción genotipo por ambiente, lo que lo convierte en una herramienta muy eficiente para identificar genotipos superiores con una buena adaptabilidad y estabilidad a la región de interés.

Abstract Identifying a stable high-yielding variety is challenging. This paper reports high-yielding and stable durum wheat candidates identified using AMMI, GGE biplot models, and stability parameters. Twenty-five lines were evaluated in 13 environments in 2018 and 2019 using a triplicate row-column design. AMMI, stability, and GGE biplot analyses were conducted using packages in the R statistical software. AMMI indicated highly significant effects of environments, genotypes, and their interactions on grain yield. The highest proportion of the total sum of squares accounted for by the environment (42.3%), followed by the genotype by environment interaction (26.7%), may suggest the presence of diverse environments grouped into mega-environments. The environments fell into three sectors on the which-won-where view of the biplot and they were grouped into two mega-environments. Genotypes 5 and 15 were the highest yielding and most stable among all and are recommended as candidate varieties for the midlands to highlands of Ethiopia. highyielding high challenging models parameters Twentyfive Twenty five 1 201 rowcolumn row column design software genotypes yield 42.3%, 423 42.3% , 42 3 (42.3%) 26.7%, 267 26.7% 26 7 (26.7%) megaenvironments. megaenvironments mega environments. mega-environments whichwonwhere which won where Ethiopia 20 42.3 4 (42.3% 26.7 2 (26.7% 42. (42.3 26. (26.7 (42. (26. (42 (26 (4 (2 (

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify the most adapted and stable genotypes for dry mass and seed yield using the genotype plus environment interaction (GGE) biplot technique. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, using five lines and two cultivars of black oat, in a randomized complete block experimental design, with three replicates. The adaptability and stability of the genotypes, as well as their behavior in the environments, were evaluated using the GGE biplot. The seed yield of black oat genotypes is highly influenced by the environmental conditions over the four studied cultivation years. The UFSMFW 2-07 genotype stands out, but shows instability. The UFSMFW 2-07 and 'UPFA 21-Moreninha' genotypes show adaptability in specific years. Mega environments are formed for the dry mass trait in 2018 and 2021 and seed yield in 2018, 2020, and 2021, whereas, 2019 is considered the year for genotype discrimination. (GGE technique Westphalen Sul Brazil 2020 design replicates years 207 2 07 2-0 out instability UPFA 21Moreninha Moreninha 21 21-Moreninha 201 202 whereas discrimination 20 0 2-

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os genótipos mais adaptados e estáveis para massa seca e produtividade de sementes, com uso da técnica genótipo + interação genótipo-ambinete (GGE) biplot. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Frederico Westphalen, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2018, 2019, 2020 e 2021, tendo-se utilizado cinco linhagens e duas cultivares de aveia-preta, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A adaptabilidade e a estabilidade dos genótipos, bem como seu comportamento nos ambientes, foram avaliados pelo GGE biplot. A produtividade de sementes de genótipos de aveia-preta é altamente influenciada pelas condições ambientais ao longo dos quatro anos de cultivo estudados. O genótipo UFSMFW 2-07 destaca-se, mas apresenta instabilidade. Já os genótipos UFSMFW 2-07 e 'UPFA 21-Moreninha' apresentam adaptabilidade para produção de massa seca em anos específicos. São formados mega-ambientes para o traço massa seca em 2008 e 2021 e para produtividade de sementes em 2018, 2020 e 2021, enquanto 2019 é considerado o ano para discriminação de genótipos. genótipoambinete ambinete (GGE biplot Westphalen Sul Brasil 2018 202 tendose tendo se aveiapreta, aveiapreta aveia preta, preta acaso repetições ambientes estudados 207 2 07 2-0 destacase, destacase destaca se, destaca-se instabilidade UPFA 21Moreninha Moreninha 21 21-Moreninha específicos megaambientes mega 200 201 20 0 2-

Abstract: Creation, adjustments and adoption of tests and tools that help in the prediction of seed storability have been highly demanded. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze the efficiency of different artificial aging times in predicting the performance of soybean seeds after storage, using the GGE biplot method. Seeds of six genotypes were subjected to storage, under refrigerated and non-refrigerated conditions, and artificial aging, being artificially aged for periods of 0, 48, 96 and 144 hours. Seeds freshly harvested and after natural and artificial aging were subjected to germination and vigor tests. The experiments were analyzed separately, using means test, regression analysis and model identity test, and together, using the GGE biplot method. Artificial aging at a temperature of 41 °C for 96 hours has the potential to be used to predict the performance of soybean seeds after eight months of storage. The GGE biplot is a method that can be used as a tool to analyze the relationships between aging environments and visualize the ranking of genotypes regarding the performance of seeds subjected to natural and artificial aging. Abstract Creation demanded Therefore storage nonrefrigerated non conditions 0 48 9 14 separately test together 4 C 1

Resumo: Tem sido altamente requerida a elaboração, ajustes e adoção de testes e ferramentas que auxiliem na predição da armazenabilidade de sementes. Diante disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a eficiência de diferentes tempos de envelhecimento artificial na predição do desempenho das sementes de soja após o armazenamento, utilizando-se o método GGE biplot. Sementes de seis genótipos foram submetidas ao armazenamento, sob condição refrigerada e não refrigerada, e envelhecimento artificial, sendo envelhecidas artificialmente pelos períodos de 0, 48, 96 e 144 horas. As sementes recém-colhidas e após o envelhecimento natural e artificial foram submetidas a testes de germinação e vigor. Os experimentos foram analisados separadamente, por meio de teste de médias, análise de regressão e teste de identidade de modelos, e em conjunto, utilizando-se o método GGE biplot. O envelhecimento artificial, à temperatura de 41 °C por 96 horas apresenta potencial para ser utilizado na predição do desempenho de sementes de soja após oito meses de armazenamento. O GGE biplot é um método que pode ser utilizado como ferramenta para analisar as relações entre os ambientes de envelhecimento e visualizar o ranqueamento dos genótipos quanto ao desempenho das sementes submetidas ao envelhecimento natural e artificial. Resumo elaboração disso armazenamento utilizandose utilizando se 0 48 9 14 recémcolhidas recém colhidas vigor separadamente médias modelos conjunto 4 C 1

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to select pear cultivars with production stability for the environmental conditions in the tropics. The design was in randomized blocks with 11 cultivars of pear, four replications and plots consisting of four plants. Between 2015 and 2019, the phenological were evaluated based on the beginning, full bloom, end and duration of flowering and harvest. The number and average fruit mass, yield per plant and estimated yield were also quantified. In the last year of evaluation, the quality of the fruits was quantified through the length and average diameter of the fruits, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content and total soluble solids / total titratable acidity ratio. The data were submitted to the Scott–Knott grouping test and to quantify the divergence between cultivars was used the genetic distance. After detecting significant interaction between genotypes × environments, phenotypic stability of pear cultivars were analyzed by GGE Biplot methods for the estimated yield variable. The ‘Tenra’, ‘Triunfo’ and ‘Seleta’ cultivars are the most suitable for cultivation in regions with subtropical altitude climate. They are genetically similar, more adapted and stable, and have full or partial synchronized flowering for satisfactory productivity. tropics 1 plants 201 2019 beginning bloom harvest mass evaluation ratio ScottKnott Scott Knott distance environments variable ‘Tenra, Tenra ‘Tenra , ‘Tenra’ ‘Triunfo Triunfo ‘Seleta Seleta climate similar stable productivity 20 2

ABSTRACT: This research determined the adaptability and stability of soybean yield for organic systems in different environments. Grain yield data (GY, kg ha-1) from experiments with six soybean genotypes evaluated in six environments in Brazil and one environment in Paraguay were used. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, organized in an incomplete factorial scheme, with six environments in Brazil (Toledo- PR, Palotina- PR, Mangueirinha- PR, Três Passos- RS, Passo Fundo- RS, Major Vieira- SC) and one in Paraguay (Bela Vista do Norte- PY) with six soybean genotypes (BRS 284, BRS 391, BRS 511, BRS 523, BRS 525, BRS 535) arranged in four replications per environment. BRS 511 genotype was characterized by high average grain yield and stability by the AMMI method. BRS 284 genotype was identified as the ideal genotype in the GGE biplot method. WAASBY and BLUP index selected BRS511 and BRS284 genotypes. ABSTRACT GY, GY (GY ha1 ha 1 ha-1 blocks scheme Toledo (Toledo PR Palotina Mangueirinha Passos RS Fundo Vieira SC Bela Norte PY 391 523 525 535 51 method 28 BRS51 BRS28 ha- 39 52 53 5 2 BRS5 BRS2 3

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade da produtividade da soja para sistemas orgânicos em diferentes ambientes. Foram utilizados dados de produtividade de grãos (GY, kg ha-1) de experimentos com seis genótipos de soja avaliados em seis ambientes no Brasil e um ambiente no Paraguai. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, organizados em esquema fatorial incompleto, com seis ambientes no Brasil (Toledo - PR, Palotina - PR, Mangueirinha - PR, Três Passos - RS, Passo Fundo - RS, Major Vieira - SC) e um no Paraguai (Bela Vista do Norte - PY) com seis genótipos de soja (BRS 284, BRS 391, BRS 511, BRS 523, BRS 525, BRS 535) dispostos em quatro repetições por ambiente. O genótipo BRS 511 foi caracterizado por alta produtividade média de grãos e estabilidade pelo método AMMI. O genótipo BRS 284 foi identificado como o genótipo ideal pelo método GGE biplot. Os índices WAASBY e BLUP selecionaram os genótipos BRS511 e BRS284. RESUMO GY, GY (GY ha1 ha 1 ha-1 casualizados incompleto Toledo PR RS SC Bela PY 391 523 525 535 51 AMMI 28 biplot BRS51 BRS284 ha- 39 52 53 5 2 BRS5 BRS28 3 BRS2

Abstract The study of adaptability and yield stability is essential for the selection and recommendation of new cultivars. Thus, this study determined the adaptability and yield stability of black bean genotypes for cultivar recommendation using a GGE biplot. To this end, nine trials were carried out at different locations in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Eleven genotypes were evaluated in three growing seasons, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Adaptability and stability of grain yield were analyzed by the GGE biplot method. The effects of genotypes, environments and of the genotype - environment interaction were significant, which explained the different responses of the genotypes to the tested environments. The GGE biplot analysis revealed Macaé as an ideal district for testing and high yield, adaptability, and stability of performance were observed for genotype CNFP 15290, which can be recommended for grain production in the state of Rio de Janeiro. cultivars Thus end Janeiro seasons design replications method significant 15290 1529 152 15 1

Abstract The objective of this research was to select orange-fleshed sweet potato clones with high stability, yield, and β-carotene content in different planting seasons, using a selection index. Joint analysis of experiments and analysis of responsiveness and stability by the GGE biplot method were performed for the variables yield, dry matter percentage, and root flesh color. The variables yield, dry matter, color and stability were used to estimate a selection index. The GGE biplot analysis indicated that there are differences among clones in stability for Yield. However, the percentage of dry matter and color of the roots show low interaction in the different environments. Because of that, stability for yield was included in the selection index, together with yield, dry matter, and root orange color intensity. Finally, the selection index based on stability, yield, dry matter percentage and root color was efficient in the selection of a new biofortified sweet potato cultivar. orangefleshed fleshed βcarotene β carotene seasons Yield However environments intensity Finally cultivar

Abstract The objective of this work was to select maize hybrids using the GGE biplot analysis, as well as to evaluate their stability and adaptability in different environments of the North and Midwest regions of Brazil. Thirty-six maize hybrids were evaluated in 2018, in the following five environments in the Northern and Midwestern regions, respectively: in the municipality of Vilhena, in the state of Rondônia; and in the municipalities of Sorriso, Sinop, Alta Floresta, and Carlinda, in the Northern region of the state of Mato Grosso. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. The analysis of variance was performed, and adaptability and stability were estimated by the GGE biplot method based on grain yield performance. A significant interaction between genotypes and environments was detected, and the biplot analysis was efficient in explaining 62.74% of the total variation in the first two principal components, with the formation of three macroenvironments. The 1P2227, 'BRS 3042', and 1P2265 hybrids showed high yield, responsiveness, and stability in the evaluated environments. The DKB310VTPRO2 hybrid was the most unstable genotype. The recommended hybrids are: DKB310 for the Sorriso and Vilhena macroenvironment; 1M1810 and 1O2106 for the Carlinda environment; and 1M1807 for the Sinop environment. Brazil Thirtysix Thirty six 2018 respectively Rondônia Floresta Grosso performed performance detected 6274 62 74 62.74 components macroenvironments 1P2227 P BRS 3042, 3042 , 3042' 1P226 responsiveness DKBVTPRO DKB VTPRO DKB310VTPRO genotype are DKB31 macroenvironment M 1M181 O 1O210 environment 1M180 201 627 6 7 62.7 1P222 304 1P22 DKB3 1M18 1O21 20 62. 30 1P2 1M1 1O2 2 3 1P 1M 1O

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar híbridos de milho, por meio da análise GGE biplot, bem como avaliar sua estabilidade e adaptabilidade em diferentes ambientes das regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte do Brasil. Trinta e seis híbridos de milho foram avaliados em 2018, nos seguintes cinco ambientes das regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste, respectivamente: no município de Vilhena, no estado de Rondônia; e nos municípios de Sorriso, Sinop, Alta Floresta e Carlinda, na região norte do estado de Mato Grosso. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos ao acaso. Realizou-se a análise de variância, e estimaramse a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade pelo método GGE biplot com base na produtividade. Detectou-se interação significativa entre genótipos e ambientes, e a análise biplot foi eficiente para explicar 62,74% da variação total nos dois primeiros componentes principais, com a formação de três macroambientes. Os híbridos 1P2227, 'BRS 3042' e 1P2265 apresentam alta produtividade, capacidade de resposta e estabilidade nos ambientes avaliados. O híbrido DKB310VTPRO2 foi o genótipo mais instável. Os híbridos recomendados são: DKB310 para o macroambiente Sorriso e Vilhena; 1M1810 e 1O2106 para o ambiente Carlinda; e 1M1807 para o ambiente Sinop. CentroOeste Centro Oeste Brasil 2018 CentroOeste, Oeste, respectivamente Vilhena Rondônia Sinop Carlinda Grosso acaso Realizouse Realizou se variância produtividade Detectouse Detectou 6274 62 74 62,74 principais macroambientes 1P2227 P BRS 3042 1P226 DKBVTPRO DKB VTPRO DKB310VTPRO instável são DKB31 M 1M181 1O210 1M180 201 627 6 7 62,7 1P222 304 1P22 DKB3 1M18 1O21 20 62, 30 1P2 1M1 1O2 2 3 1P 1M 1O

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify cowpea genotypes that fulfill the criteria of high grain yield, adaptability, and stability in the Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) region. Yield data from Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials conducted in the municipalities of Dourados and Aquidauana/MS from March to August 2017 and 2018 were used, totaling four environments. A randomized block design with 14 treatments and four repetitions was adopted. Yield was evaluated by weighing the grains from the usable plot and converting the values to kilogram per hectare. After the analysis of variance, the interaction between genotypes and environments was evaluated by the methodologies of adaptability-stability analysis of Eberhart and Russell, Lin and Binns modified by Carneiro and GGE-Biplot. The genotypes Pingo-de-ouro 1-5-7, Pingo-de-ouro 1-5-5 and Bico-de-ouro 1-5-24 are stable, adaptable and productive for the state according to the complementary use of the methods. yield adaptability MS (MS region VCU (VCU AquidauanaMS Aquidauana 201 used 1 adopted hectare variance adaptabilitystability Russell GGEBiplot. GGEBiplot GGE Biplot. Biplot GGE-Biplot Pingodeouro Pingo de ouro 157, 157 5 7, 7 1-5-7 155 1-5- Bicodeouro Bico 1524 24 1-5-2 stable methods 20 15 1-5 152 2 1-

Abstract The objective of this work was to use the GGE biplot method to select superior wheat genotypes for adaptability and stability, and to determine grain yield in Sussundenga, Bárué, and Lichinga, in Mozambique, in the 2018/2019, 2019/2020, and 2020/2021 crop years. Eleven treatments were evaluated, using ten wheat genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center and a control cultivar developed by a Zimbabwean seed company and used in the national wheat program of the country. Grain yield was the main trait evaluated through individual and joint analyses of variance, adaptability, and stability. The effects of genotypes and the genotype × environment interaction were significant. The adaptability and stability analysis using the GGE biplot method showed that the first two main components explained 94.6% of the total variation for year effect, and 91.8%, for the location effect. The following genotypes can be selected for favorable and unfavorable environments: G1, considered ideal due to its high mean yield and stability over the years; and G4 and G7, for simultaneously showing a high yield and stability over the years. Sussundenga Bárué Lichinga Mozambique 20182019 2018 2019 2018/2019 20192020 2020 2019/2020 20202021 2021 2020/202 years country variance significant 946 94 6 94.6 effect 918 91 8 91.8% environments G1 G G7 2018201 201 2018/201 2019202 202 2019/202 2020202 2020/20 9 94. 91.8 201820 20 2018/20 201920 2019/20 202020 2020/2 91. 20182 2 2018/2 20192 2019/2 20202 2020/ 2018/ 2019/

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi usar o método GGE biplot, para selecionar genótipos de trigo superiores quanto à adaptabilidade e à estabilidade e determinar a produtividade de grãos em Sussundenga, Bárué e Lichinga, em Moçambique, nas safras agrícolas de 2018/2019, 2019/2020 e 2020/2021. Foram avaliados 11 tratamentos, tendo-se utilizado dez genótipos de trigo provenientes do International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center e uma cultivar testemunha, desenvolvida por uma empresa zimbabweana de sementes e usada no programa nacional de trigo do país. A produtividade de grãos foi a principal característica avaliada, por meio de análises individuais e conjuntas de variância, adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Os efeitos dos genótipos e da interação genótipo × ambiente foram significativos. A análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade pelo método GGE biplot mostrou que os dois primeiros componentes principais explicaram 94,6% da variação total para o efeito ano, e 91,8%, para o efeito localização. Os seguintes genótipos podem ser selecionados para ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis: G1, considerado ideal devido sua alta média de produtividade e estabilidade ao longo dos anos; e G4 e G7, por apresentarem, simultaneamente, alta produtividade e estabilidade ao longo dos anos. Sussundenga Lichinga Moçambique 20182019 2018 2019 2018/2019 20192020 2020 2019/202 20202021 2021 2020/2021 1 tratamentos tendose tendo se testemunha país avaliada variância significativos 946 94 6 94,6 ano 918 91 8 91,8% localização desfavoráveis G1 G anos G7 apresentarem simultaneamente 2018201 201 2018/201 2019202 202 2019/20 2020202 2020/202 9 94, 91,8 201820 20 2018/20 201920 2019/2 202020 2020/20 91, 20182 2 2018/2 20192 2019/ 20202 2020/2 2018/ 2020/

RESUMO: Compreender a diversidade genética e contornar os problemas causados pela interação genótipos por ambientes é uma etapa importante em programas de melhoramento. Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a diversidade genética e aplicar a metodologia de biplot genótipo + genótipo por ambiente (GGE biplot) em doze genótipos de algodão avaliados quanto ao rendimento da fibra, comprimento da fibra, resistência da fibra e micronaire. A estimativa dos componentes de variância e dos parâmetros genéticos foi feita através do método da máxima verossimilhança restrita e a predição dos valores genotípicos por meio da melhor predição linear não enviesada. Os métodos de Tocher modificado e análise de componentes principais (PCA) foram utilizados para quantificar a diversidade genética entre os genótipos. O método GGE biplot foi conduzido para encontrar os melhores genótipos em relação à adaptabilidade e estabilidade. As técnicas de Tocher e PCA permitiram a formação de clusters de genótipos semelhantes com base em uma estrutura multivariada. O GGE biplot indicou que os genótipos IMACV 690 e IMA08 WS foram altamente adaptáveis e estáveis para as principais características do algodão. O cruzamento dentre os genótipos IMACV 690 e IMA08 WS é o mais recomendado para aumentar o desempenho das principais características na cultura do algodão.

ABSTRACT: Understanding the genetic diversity and overcoming genotype-by-environment interaction issues is an essential step in breeding programs that aims to improve the performance of desirable traits. This study estimated genetic diversity and applied genotype + genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot analyses in cotton genotypes. Twelve genotypes were evaluated for fiber yield, fiber length, fiber strength, and micronaire. Estimation of variance components and genetic parameters was made through restricted maximum likelihood and the prediction of genotypic values was made through best linear unbiased prediction. The modified Tocher and principal component analysis (PCA) methods, were used to quantify genetic diversity among genotypes. GGE biplot was performed to find the best genotypes regarding adaptability and stability. The Tocher technique and PCA allowed for the formation of clusters of similar genotypes based on a multivariate framework. The GGE biplot indicated that the genotypes IMACV 690 and IMA08 WS were highly adaptable and stable for the main traits in cotton. The cross between the genotype IMACV 690 and IMA08 WS is the most recommended to increase the performance of the main traits in cotton crops.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar a interação entre genótipos e ambientes, bem como indicar, para o estado do Ceará, cultivares de feijão-caupi superiores quanto à adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de grãos secos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em quatro diferentes municípios do estado do Ceará: Crateús, Madalena, Bela Cruz e Limoeiro do Norte; sendo dois ensaios realizados em Crateús (irrigado e sequeiro), totalizando cinco ambientes de avaliação. O delineamento experimental utilizado em cada ensaio foi o de blocos casualizados com 12 genótipos e quatro repetições. Foram realizadas análises de variância e análise de trilha, e as médias dos caracteres quantitativos foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Depois de detectar a significância da interação genótipos x ambientes, a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade fenotípica dos genótipos foram analisadas pela metodologia GGE biplot. O município de Crateús, no sistema irrigado, foi discriminativo e representativo, podendo ser considerado ideal para avaliação de genótipos. As cultivares BRS Pajeú e BRS Potengi podem ser recomendadas para o cultivo no estado do Ceará por apresentarem alta produtividade de grãos secos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade, e por terem se destacado quanto à maioria dos componentes de produção. O número de vagens por planta apresentou o maior efeito direto sobre a produtividade de grãos.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the interaction between genotypes and environments, as well as to indicate, for the state of Ceará, superior cowpea cultivars in terms of adaptability, stability and productivity of dry grains. The experiments were conducted in four different municipalities in the state of Ceará: Crateús, Madalena, Bela Cruz and Limoeiro do Norte; two tests carried out in Crateús (irrigated and rainfed), totaling five assessment environments. The experimental design used in each assay was randomized blocks with 12 genotypes and four replications. Analysis of variance and path analysis were performed, and the averages of the quantitative characters were grouped by the Scott-Knott test. After detecting the significance of the genotype x environment interaction, the adaptability and phenotypic stability of the genotypes were analyzed using the GGE biplot methodology. The municipality of Crateús, in the irrigated system, was discriminative and representative, and can be considered ideal for genotype evaluation. The cultivars BRS Pajeú and BRS Potengi can be recommended for cultivation in the state of Ceará due to their high productivity of dry grains, adaptability and stability, and for having excelled in most of the production components. The number of pods per plant had the greatest direct effect on grain yield.