ABSTRACT The cowpea is a legume that is widely grown in the north-east of Brazil, and which has been gaining ground in other regions of the country. The main producer is the state of Ceará, with a large planted-area, albeit low productivity due to a lack of producer technology and adapted cultivars. The aim of this study was to identify and recommend superior genotypes in terms of adaptability and stability under rainfed and irrigated conditions, in addition to genotypes with reduced grain darkening. To this end, six experiments were conducted in different districts of Ceará (Crato, Pentecoste, Crateús, Madalena, Bela Cruz and Limoeiro do Norte) and one laboratory experiment, to evaluate grain darkening. The experimental design of the field trials was of randomised blocks, with 14 genotypes and 4 replications. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect from the genotypes and environments and their interaction, so GGE Biplot analysis was carried out to evaluate adaptability and stability. To evaluate grain darkening, a completely randomised design was used in a simple factorial scheme with six previously selected genotypes and five different storage times (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). There was a significant effect from the genotypes and storage time. Genotype 1 showed the least darkening, and can be recommended for environments to which it is best adapted (Crato and Crateús). Genotype 9 was considered the most stable for grain yield, and can be more broadly recommended for the semi-arid region of the state of Ceará. northeast north east Brazil country plantedarea, plantedarea planted area, area planted-area cultivars conditions darkening end Crato, Crato Pentecoste Crateús Madalena Norte experiment blocks replications interaction 0, 0 (0 2 months. months . months) time Crateús. Crateús) yield semiarid semi arid (

Abstract Introduction. In tomato breeding programs, obtaining new genotypes requires the evaluation of genetic materials in different environments. Objective. To identify tomato genotypes with better adaptability and stability in the province of Los Santos, Panama. Materials and methods. This research was carried out in 5 environments in the province of Los Santos, Panama, during 2022-2023 agricultural cycle. Fifteen genotypes were planted under a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance at the level of each environment and combined using the residual maximum likelihood methodology (REML). The genotype-by-environment interaction was estimated by GGE-SReg Biplot analysis. Results and discussion. The analysis revealed a significant interaction between the genotypes and the environments studied, the first 2 axes of the principal components of the interaction explained 70.96% of the total variation. The GGE Biplot through Polygon (which, won, where) allowed the identification of 3 potential environmental groups. The group of mutants T7.RB-50-EN44-13, R1.15-17-18-LV14-2 and R3.10-79-81-LV7-1 were determined as the most outstanding for their stability and performance. The study on the discrimination capacity and representativeness of the environments identified El Ejido and Villa Lourdes as the most discriminating environments while Tres Quebradas was the most representative and the closest to the ideal target environment. Conclusion. The GGE-SReg Biplot analysis allowed an efficient analysis of the genotype-by-environment interaction, which makes it a very efficient tool to identify superior genotypes with good adaptability and stability to the region of interest.

Resumen Introducción. En los programas de fitomejoramiento de tomate, la obtención de nuevos genotipos requiere evaluar los materiales genéticos en diferentes ambientes. Objetivo. Identificar los genotipos de tomate con mejor adaptabilidad y estabilidad en la provincia de Los Santos, Panamá. Materiales y métodos. Esta investigación se desarrolló en 5 ambientes de la provincia de Los Santos, Panamá, en el ciclo agrícola 2022-2023. Se sembraron 15 genotipos bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con 3 repeticiones. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante un análisis de varianza a nivel de cada ambiente y combinado con la metodología de máxima verosimilitud residual (REML). La interacción genotipo por ambiente se estimó a través el análisis Biplot GGE-SReg. Resultados y discusión. Los análisis revelaron una interacción significativa entre los genotipos y los ambientes estudiados, los 2 primeros ejes de los componentes principales de la interacción explicaron el 70,96% de la variación total. El Biplot GGE a través del polígono (cuál, ganó, dónde) permitió identificar 3 grupos ambientales potenciales. Se determinó el grupo de los mutantes T7.RB-50-EN44-13, R1.15-17-18-LV14-2 y R3.10-79-81-LV7-1 como los más sobresalientes por su estabilidad y rendimiento. El estudio sobre la capacidad de discriminación y representatividad de los ambientes identificaron al El Ejido y Villa Lourdes como los entornos más discriminantes mientras que Tres Quebradas fue el más representativo y el más cercano al ambiente ideal objetivo. Conclusión. El análisis Biplot GGE-SReg permitió hacer un análisis eficiente de la interacción genotipo por ambiente, lo que lo convierte en una herramienta muy eficiente para identificar genotipos superiores con una buena adaptabilidad y estabilidad a la región de interés.

ABSTRACT The Indonesian wide range of biogeophysical conditions lead to Genotype×Environment interaction (G×E). Multiple stability analysis methods can provide more comprehensive and reliable information about the G×E. The objective of this research was to determine the yield stability of seven promising maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (SJI 1, SJI 2, SJI 3, SJI 4, SJI 5, SJI 6, SJI 7) and three control cultivars (Pioneer 36, Bisi 18 and Pertiwi 6) using Francis and Kannenberg, Finlay and Wilkinson, Eberhart and Russel, Shukla and GGE biplot analyses. The hybrids and cultivars were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in 10 locations in the dry season 2022. The results indicated that hybrid SJI 001 had the highest yield (12.57 t ha-1) and was stable according to the five stability analyses. On the other hand, hybrid SJI 002 (8.36 t ha-1) performed well in unfavourable environments, while hybrid SJI 006 (12.02 t ha-1) and ‘Pertiwi 6’ (11.48 t ha-1) performed well in favourable ones. In addition, GGE biplot analysis revealed that SJI 006 was well adapted to Prambon and ‘Pertiwi 6’ to Bajeng.

ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to determine drought tolerance exhibited by lentil lines developed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in an artificial environment, and to investigate the relationships between traits with various methods. This experiment examined 15 traits of 21 lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) accessions grown under artificial drought stress created with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 (0%, 10%, 15% and 20%) concentrations during germination and early seedling stages. Germination characteristics, seedling developmental properties and root system architecture traits were investigated to observed the impacts of drought stress. The originality lies in enabling the identification of drought-tolerant and sensitive genotypes through a brief and practical research method, while shedding light on the key traits by principal component analysis. The first two PCs explained 22.9% and 31.7% (total 54.6%) under optimal conditions while they described 14% and 58.3% (total 72.3%) under PEG-induced drought conditions, respectively. Variation in PC1 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of germination index, uniformity of germination and germination energy, and negative coefficients of mean germination time. Variation in PC2 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of seedling vigor index, root fresh weight and root dry weight. ‘Tigris’, G3664 and G3840 exhibited higher performance in terms of germination characteristics, while G3710, G3829 and G3840 produced higher DM accumulation, total biomass and lateral roots. Overall, PC-biplot denoted that selection based on germination index and seedling vigor index at germination and seedling stages would improve drought tolerance. In conclusion, genotypes G3840 and G3664 were identified as drought-tolerant, whereas genotypes G35, G3659, G3759, G3837, and G3844 were classified as drought-sensitive. In addition, G3664, G3840 and G3710 exhibited the highest stress tolerance index (STI) under artificial drought conditions.

Abstract Currently, sweet corn is considered an important crop due to its high sugar content and low starch content. Important sugars in sweet corn include sucrose, fructose, glucose, and maltose. The purpose of the present study was to use the yield indices of the eight examined sweet corn hybrids and the correlation of the yield indices together. Concentration is important for consumers in terms of yield indices. The research site was located at the Látókép Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen. The small plot experiment had a strip plot design with four replications. The previous crop was sweet corn; the plant density was 64 thousand/ha. The obtained result indicates that Biplot AMMI based on IPCA1 showed that the DB, NO, GS, and GB hybrids had stability and high performance in terms of yield indices. At the same time, fructose and glucose had stable parameters for the hybrids involved in the study. IPCA1 AMMI biplot showed that the ME hybrid had stability and high performance in terms of iron and zinc as well. IPCA2 AMMI biplot showed that DE, GB, and GS hybrids had stability and the highest performance on yield parameters in the scope of the research. Fructose, glucose, and sucrose had stable parameters on hybrids based on IPCA2. The DB and SE hybrids had desirable performance in Lutein and Zeaxanthin based on the biplot. The DE hybrid had a maximum performance on iron and zinc parameters. Currently maltose together Debrecen replications 6 thousandha thousand ha thousand/ha IPCA NO time well Fructose

Resumo Atualmente, o milho-doce é considerado uma cultura importante devido ao alto teor de açúcar e baixo teor de amido. Açúcares importantes no milho-doce incluem sacarose, frutose, glicose e maltose. O objetivo do presente estudo foi utilizar os índices de rendimento dos 8 híbridos de milho-doce examinados e a correlação dos índices de rendimento juntos. A concentração é importante para os consumidores com relação aos índices de rendimento. O local da pesquisa foi localizado na Estação Experimental Látókép da Universidade de Debrecen, Hungria. O experimento realizado em pequenas parcelas teve um desenho de parcela de tiras com quatro repetições. A safra anterior era de milho-doce; a densidade de plantas foi de 64 mil/ha. O resultado obtido indica que o Biplot AMMI baseado no IPCA1 mostrou que os híbridos DB, NO, GS e GB apresentaram estabilidade e alto desempenho em termos de índices de produtividade. Ao mesmo tempo, frutose e glicose apresentaram parâmetros estáveis para os híbridos envolvidos no estudo. O biplot IPCA1 AMMI mostrou que o híbrido ME apresentou estabilidade e alto desempenho também quanto ao ferro e zinco. Já o biplot IPCA2 AMMI mostrou que os híbridos DE, GB e GS tiveram estabilidade e o melhor desempenho nos parâmetros de rendimento no escopo da pesquisa. Frutose, glicose e sacarose tiveram parâmetros estáveis em híbridos baseados em IPCA2. Os híbridos DB e SE tiveram desempenho desejável em luteína e zeaxantina com base no biplot. O híbrido DE teve desempenho máximo nos parâmetros de ferro e zinco. Atualmente milhodoce milho doce amido maltose juntos Debrecen Hungria repetições 6 milha mil ha mil/ha IPCA NO produtividade tempo zinco Frutose

Abstract The use of biomass for energy production constitutes a promising strategy that warrants the search for new sources of biomass. Elephant grass has been gaining notoriety due to its high dry matter yield and rapid growth. The present study was carried out to quantify the genetic divergence of nine elephant grass half-sib families in order to identify genotypes with greater genetic divergence and productive potential for hybridization, using the hierarchical clustering methodology based on principal components. Half-sib families were generated using genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of Elephant Grass. The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with nine half-sib families, three replicates, and eight plants per plot. A total of 216 genotypes of elephant grass were evaluated. Principal component (PC), biplot, and hierarchical clustering analyses for diversity estimation were conducted using R software. The first two PCs of biplot analysis accounted for 64% of the cumulative variation. Dry matter yield was the most important trait for genotype discrimination (0.89), followed by plant height (0.67) and stem diameter (0.61) in PC1. In this analysis, the distances between accessions were considered and there were no family links, which indicates the existence of wide variability within the evaluated families, since genotypes belonging to the same family were not grouped together, but rather distributed into different groups. Crosses between genotypes of group three and genotypes of groups one and two are recommended for the development of high-yielding genotypes when aiming at energy production. growth halfsib half sib hybridization components Halfsib Half Grass randomizedblock randomized block replicates plot 21 PC, PC , (PC) software 64 variation 0.89, 089 0.89 0 89 (0.89) 0.67 067 67 (0.67 0.61 061 61 (0.61 PC1 links together highyielding yielding 2 (PC 6 08 0.8 8 (0.89 0.6 06 (0.6 0. (0.8 (0. (0 (

Resumo A utilização de biomassa para a produção de energia representa uma estratégia promissora, justificando a busca por novas fontes de biomassa. O capim-elefante tem ganhado destaque devido ao seu elevado rendimento de matéria seca e rápido crescimento. Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a divergência genética entre novas famílias de meio-irmãos de capim-elefante, com a finalidade de identificar genótipos com maior divergência genética e potencial produtivo para hibridização. Utilizou-se uma metodologia de agrupamento hierárquico baseada em componentes principais. As famílias de meio-irmãos foram obtidas a partir de genótipos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Capim-Elefante. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com nove famílias de meio-irmãos, três repetições e oito plantas por parcela, totalizando a avaliação de 216 genótipos de capim-elefante. Foram realizadas análises de componentes principais (PC), biplot e agrupamento hierárquico para estimar a diversidade, utilizando o software R. Os dois primeiros PCs da análise biplot explicaram 64% da variação total. A produtividade de matéria seca foi a característica mais relevante para a discriminação genotípica (0,89), seguida pela altura da planta (0,67) e pelo diâmetro do caule (0,61) no PC1. Nesta análise, foram consideradas as distâncias entre os acessos, sem considerar parentesco, o que indica uma variabilidade significativa dentro das famílias avaliadas, uma vez que os genótipos pertencentes à mesma família não foram agrupados, mas sim distribuídos em grupos distintos. promissora capimelefante capim elefante crescimento meioirmãos meio irmãos capimelefante, elefante, hibridização Utilizouse Utilizou se CapimElefante. CapimElefante Capim Elefante. Elefante Capim-Elefante casualizados meioirmãos, irmãos, parcela 21 capimelefante. elefante. PC, PC , (PC) diversidade R 64 total 0,89, 089 0,89 0 89 (0,89) 0,67 067 67 (0,67 0,61 061 61 (0,61 PC1 acessos parentesco avaliadas agrupados distintos 2 (PC 6 08 0,8 8 (0,89 0,6 06 (0,6 0, (0,8 (0, (0 (

Resumo Hoje, o milho doce é considerado uma hortaliça importante devido ao seu alto teor de açúcar e baixo teor de amido. A análise de agrupamento e a análise de variância mostraram que os híbridos apresentaram variações nos índices de produtividade. Os híbridos GB, DE e GS tiveram desempenho semelhante nos índices. Híbrido SE que apresenta desempenho significativo sobre a zeaxantina. Biplot mostrou que frutose, glicose, sacarose e potássio apresentaram valor de estabilidade em híbridos. Todos os híbridos tiveram o melhor desempenho nos fatores frutose, glicose, sacarose e potássio. O fator biplot correlacionou-se positivamente com os índices de rendimento, incluindo cálcio, ferro, zinco, magnésio, α-caroteno, 9Z-β-caroteno, fósforo e β-caroteno. Por outro lado, há correlação positiva com frutose, glicose, potássio, luteína, sacarose, β-criptoxantina e zeaxantina. Assim, para avaliar ou aumentar a luteína e a zeaxantina, outros parâmetros como o teor de açúcares (frutose, glicose e sacarose) são fatores importantes e atuam em conjunto. A análise fatorial e o biplot mostraram que o híbrido ME apresentou desempenho máximo no primeiro fator de índices de produtividade. Além disso, o segundo fator de índices de produtividade teve um efeito máximo nos híbridos de NO. Os híbridos SE tiveram desempenho máximo em zeaxantina e o híbrido GS teve desempenho máximo em zinco, fósforo e ferro. A matéria seca apresentou estabilidade no híbrido DB.

Abstract Today, sweet corn is considered an important vegetable due to its high sugar content and low starch content. Cluster analysis and variance analysis showed that hybrids had variations in yield indices. GB, DE and GS hybrids had similar performance on indices. SE hybrid that has significant performance on zeaxanthin. Biplot showed that fructose, glucose, sucrose and potassium had stability value on hybrids. All the hybrids had the best performance on fructose, glucose, sucrose and potassium factors. Factor biplot positively correlated with yield indices, including calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, α-Carotene, 9Z-β-Carotene, phosphorus, and β-carotene. On the other hand, there is a positive correlation with fructose, glucose, potassium, lutein, sucrose, β-Cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. So, to evaluate or increase lutein and zeaxanthin, the other parameters like sugar content (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) are important factors and have an effect together. Factor analysis and biplot showed that ME hybrid had a maximum performance on the first factor of yield indices. Also, the second factor of yield indices had a maxi-mum effect on NO hybrids. SE hybrids had maximum performance in zeaxanthin and GS hybrid had maximum performance in zinc, phosphorus, and iron. The dry matter had stability on DB hybrid.

Abstract This study reviews the current state of the good health and well-being indicators included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), identifying the most significant challenges faced by countries in the world and in the Americas region. The HJ-Biplot multivariate technique is used to represent variances and covariances between 16 SDG 3 indicators, reported as of 2022, based on data from 176 countries, including 31 countries of the American continent. The findings show that indicators such as life expectancy at birth, universal health coverage and satisfied demand for family planning are key characteristics of developed countries. In contrast, developing countries still face significant challenges in terms of promoting maternal health, the well-being of children and the control of communicable and chronic diseases. For this reason, in the framework of the 2030 Agenda, it is necessary to continue working on public policy actions that enable making progress in the implementation of programs to improve the health and well-being of the population, especially in lower-income countries. wellbeing well being SDG, , (SDG) region HJBiplot HJ Biplot 1 2022 17 continent birth contrast diseases reason 203 Agenda population lowerincome lower income (SDG 202 20 2

Resumen En este estudio se analiza el estado actual de los indicadores de salud y bienestar pertenecientes a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS), identificando los desafíos más significativos que se presentan entre los países del mundo y en la región de las Américas. Se utiliza la técnica multivariante HJ-Biplot para representar las variaciones y covariaciones existentes entre 16 indicadores del ODS 3, reportados al año 2022, según datos de 176 países, entre ellos, 31 del continente americano. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que indicadores como la esperanza de vida al nacer, la cobertura sanitaria universal y la demanda de planificación familiar satisfecha, caracterizan a los países desarrollados. En contraste, los países en vía de desarrollo aún registran retos importantes para favorecer la salud materna, el bienestar de los niños y en el control de enfermedades trasmisibles y crónicas. Por ello, en el marco de la Agenda 2030, es necesario continuar trabajando en acciones de política pública que permitan avanzar en la implementación de programas para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de la población, en especial entre las naciones de menores ingresos. ODS, , (ODS) Américas HJBiplot HJ Biplot 1 3 2022 17 ellos americano nacer satisfecha desarrollados contraste materna crónicas ello 2030 población ingresos (ODS 202 203 20 2

Abstract Identifying a stable high-yielding variety is challenging. This paper reports high-yielding and stable durum wheat candidates identified using AMMI, GGE biplot models, and stability parameters. Twenty-five lines were evaluated in 13 environments in 2018 and 2019 using a triplicate row-column design. AMMI, stability, and GGE biplot analyses were conducted using packages in the R statistical software. AMMI indicated highly significant effects of environments, genotypes, and their interactions on grain yield. The highest proportion of the total sum of squares accounted for by the environment (42.3%), followed by the genotype by environment interaction (26.7%), may suggest the presence of diverse environments grouped into mega-environments. The environments fell into three sectors on the which-won-where view of the biplot and they were grouped into two mega-environments. Genotypes 5 and 15 were the highest yielding and most stable among all and are recommended as candidate varieties for the midlands to highlands of Ethiopia. highyielding high challenging models parameters Twentyfive Twenty five 1 201 rowcolumn row column design software genotypes yield 42.3%, 423 42.3% , 42 3 (42.3%) 26.7%, 267 26.7% 26 7 (26.7%) megaenvironments. megaenvironments mega environments. mega-environments whichwonwhere which won where Ethiopia 20 42.3 4 (42.3% 26.7 2 (26.7% 42. (42.3 26. (26.7 (42. (26. (42 (26 (4 (2 (

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify the most adapted and stable genotypes for dry mass and seed yield using the genotype plus environment interaction (GGE) biplot technique. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021, using five lines and two cultivars of black oat, in a randomized complete block experimental design, with three replicates. The adaptability and stability of the genotypes, as well as their behavior in the environments, were evaluated using the GGE biplot. The seed yield of black oat genotypes is highly influenced by the environmental conditions over the four studied cultivation years. The UFSMFW 2-07 genotype stands out, but shows instability. The UFSMFW 2-07 and 'UPFA 21-Moreninha' genotypes show adaptability in specific years. Mega environments are formed for the dry mass trait in 2018 and 2021 and seed yield in 2018, 2020, and 2021, whereas, 2019 is considered the year for genotype discrimination. (GGE technique Westphalen Sul Brazil 2020 design replicates years 207 2 07 2-0 out instability UPFA 21Moreninha Moreninha 21 21-Moreninha 201 202 whereas discrimination 20 0 2-

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os genótipos mais adaptados e estáveis para massa seca e produtividade de sementes, com uso da técnica genótipo + interação genótipo-ambinete (GGE) biplot. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Frederico Westphalen, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2018, 2019, 2020 e 2021, tendo-se utilizado cinco linhagens e duas cultivares de aveia-preta, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. A adaptabilidade e a estabilidade dos genótipos, bem como seu comportamento nos ambientes, foram avaliados pelo GGE biplot. A produtividade de sementes de genótipos de aveia-preta é altamente influenciada pelas condições ambientais ao longo dos quatro anos de cultivo estudados. O genótipo UFSMFW 2-07 destaca-se, mas apresenta instabilidade. Já os genótipos UFSMFW 2-07 e 'UPFA 21-Moreninha' apresentam adaptabilidade para produção de massa seca em anos específicos. São formados mega-ambientes para o traço massa seca em 2008 e 2021 e para produtividade de sementes em 2018, 2020 e 2021, enquanto 2019 é considerado o ano para discriminação de genótipos. genótipoambinete ambinete (GGE biplot Westphalen Sul Brasil 2018 202 tendose tendo se aveiapreta, aveiapreta aveia preta, preta acaso repetições ambientes estudados 207 2 07 2-0 destacase, destacase destaca se, destaca-se instabilidade UPFA 21Moreninha Moreninha 21 21-Moreninha específicos megaambientes mega 200 201 20 0 2-

Abstract: Creation, adjustments and adoption of tests and tools that help in the prediction of seed storability have been highly demanded. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze the efficiency of different artificial aging times in predicting the performance of soybean seeds after storage, using the GGE biplot method. Seeds of six genotypes were subjected to storage, under refrigerated and non-refrigerated conditions, and artificial aging, being artificially aged for periods of 0, 48, 96 and 144 hours. Seeds freshly harvested and after natural and artificial aging were subjected to germination and vigor tests. The experiments were analyzed separately, using means test, regression analysis and model identity test, and together, using the GGE biplot method. Artificial aging at a temperature of 41 °C for 96 hours has the potential to be used to predict the performance of soybean seeds after eight months of storage. The GGE biplot is a method that can be used as a tool to analyze the relationships between aging environments and visualize the ranking of genotypes regarding the performance of seeds subjected to natural and artificial aging. Abstract Creation demanded Therefore storage nonrefrigerated non conditions 0 48 9 14 separately test together 4 C 1

Resumo: Tem sido altamente requerida a elaboração, ajustes e adoção de testes e ferramentas que auxiliem na predição da armazenabilidade de sementes. Diante disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a eficiência de diferentes tempos de envelhecimento artificial na predição do desempenho das sementes de soja após o armazenamento, utilizando-se o método GGE biplot. Sementes de seis genótipos foram submetidas ao armazenamento, sob condição refrigerada e não refrigerada, e envelhecimento artificial, sendo envelhecidas artificialmente pelos períodos de 0, 48, 96 e 144 horas. As sementes recém-colhidas e após o envelhecimento natural e artificial foram submetidas a testes de germinação e vigor. Os experimentos foram analisados separadamente, por meio de teste de médias, análise de regressão e teste de identidade de modelos, e em conjunto, utilizando-se o método GGE biplot. O envelhecimento artificial, à temperatura de 41 °C por 96 horas apresenta potencial para ser utilizado na predição do desempenho de sementes de soja após oito meses de armazenamento. O GGE biplot é um método que pode ser utilizado como ferramenta para analisar as relações entre os ambientes de envelhecimento e visualizar o ranqueamento dos genótipos quanto ao desempenho das sementes submetidas ao envelhecimento natural e artificial. Resumo elaboração disso armazenamento utilizandose utilizando se 0 48 9 14 recémcolhidas recém colhidas vigor separadamente médias modelos conjunto 4 C 1

ABSTRACT: Despite the progress achieved, the cashew cultivar (Anacardium occidentale L.) breeding program at Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical (CNPAT) has not yet peaked in terms of primary and secondary yield components, and the quality properties of the peduncles. Significant improvement is expected with the breeding program in obtaining new elite clones (cultivars). This this study investigated genotype x environment x attribute interaction in cashew trees using principal component analysis with multiple data matrices. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme with repeated measures over time, applying the confounding technique, with 3 treatments and 4 replications, totaling 48 plots. The total number of plants was represented by 30 plants of each clone in each environment. Around 30 ripe cashew peduncles of each genotype were harvested early in the morning and sent to the post-harvest laboratory of Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical (CNPAT). The factors considered for joint biplot graphical analysis were three genotypes (G1, G2, G3), four environments (combination of two locations, Alto Santo and Beberibe, municipalities in the state of Ceará, two agricultural years (2013 and 2014), and eight physicochemical peduncle properties. The study was implemented using principal component analysis (PCA), with a three-way data array (genotypes x environments x variables). The genotypes did not exhibit phenotypic stability for the variables assessed and environments studied because these cultivars are located far from the center of the graph, that is, away from the origin. The three genotypes showed positive and negative phenotypic adaptations for different variables and environments, qualifying them for consumption of pseudofruits as table fruits, industrially processed products, or even displaying dual purpose consumption suitability. ABSTRACT achieved Anacardium L. L CNPAT (CNPAT components cultivars. . (cultivars) matrices randomized time technique replications plots postharvest post harvest CNPAT. G1, G1 G (G1 G2 G3, G3 , G3) combination locations Beberibe Ceará 2013 (201 2014, 2014 2014) PCA, PCA (PCA) threeway way variables. variables) graph origin fruits products suitability (cultivars (G 201 (20 (PCA 20 (2 2 (

RESUMO: O programa de desenvolvimento de cultivares de cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical (CNPAT) a despeito dos avanços obtidos ainda não se obteve atingir o seu patamar máximo para seus componentes produtivos primários e secundários, como também para os caracteres de qualidade dos pedúnculos, sendo esperado uma evolução significativa com o programa de melhoramento genético na obtenção de novos clones elite (cultivares). O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a interação genótipo ‘x ambiente x atributo em cajueiro empregando-se a análise de componentes principais, com múltiplas matrizes de dados. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizados, no esquema fatorial com medida repetida no tempo, aplicando-se a técnica de confundimento, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 48 parcelas, o número total de plantas foi representado por 30 plantas de cada clone em cada ambiente. Cerca de 30 cajus maduros, de cada genótipo, foram colhidos nas primeiras horas do dia e encaminhados para o laboratório de pós-colheita da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical (CNPAT). Os fatores considerados para a análise gráfica joint biplot (plot) foram: três genótipos (G1, G2, G3), quatro ambientes (combinação de dois locais, Alto Santo e Beberibe, municípios do estado do Ceará, e dois anos agrícolas, 2013 e 2014) e oito atributos físico-químicos dos pedúnculos. O estudo foi implementado por meio de análise de componentes principais (CP), com arranjo de três entradas (genótipos x ambientes x variáveis). Os genótipos não apresentaram estabilidade fenotípica em relação às variáveis avaliadas e os ambientes estudados em função dessas cultivares se posicionarem distantes do centro do gráfico, isto é, afastados da origem. Os três genótipos mostraram adaptações fenotípicas positivas e negativas com as diferentes variáveis e ambientes credenciando-os para o consumo dos pseudofrutos como frutos de mesa, ou a partir, de produtos processados industrialmente, ou ainda, apresentando dupla aptidão de consumo. RESUMO Anacardium L. L CNPAT (CNPAT secundários pedúnculos cultivares. . (cultivares) empregandose empregando dados casualizados tempo aplicandose aplicando confundimento repetições 4 parcelas 3 maduros póscolheita pós colheita CNPAT. plot (plot G1, G1 G (G1 G2 G3, G3 , G3) combinação locais Beberibe Ceará agrícolas 201 2014 físicoquímicos físico químicos CP, CP (CP) variáveis. variáveis) gráfico é origem credenciandoos credenciando mesa partir industrialmente (cultivares (G 20 (CP 2

ABSTRACT Soils in semi-dry areas lack sufficient nutrients for crops, so their yield depends on fertilizers and planting methods. This study aimed to investigate how the fatty acids in safflower oil change with the use of fertilizers and planting methods. Five fertilizers [F1: control; F2: 10 t ha-1 of farmyard manure; F3: 20 t ha-1 of farmyard manure; F4: NPK (130:60:45 kg ha-1); F5: nano-Fe and nano-Zn] and four planting patterns (P1: 40-cm furrow planting; P2: 60-cm furrow planting; P3: 40-cm ridge planting; P4: 60-cm ridge planting) were tested. A biplot analysis explained 73 % of the variability, with the first and second principal components accounting for 54 and 19 %, respectively. The polygon-view was divided into five sections, with F3-P4 being the best for oil and protein contents, stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), linolenic (18:3) and lauric (12:0) acids, and iodine value. The vector-view showed a positive association among iodine value, oil content and linoleic, oleic, linolenic, stearic and lauric acids, as well as between myristic acid (14:0) and protein content, and between saponification and peroxide values. The best treatments were F4-P4, F4-P3 and F5-P4. Therefore, using NPK chemical fertilizer or nano-Fe and nano-Zn, combined with planting on a ridge with a 40 or 60-cm interrow distance, can be beneficial for producing high-quality safflower oil. semidry semi dry crops methods F1 F [F1 control F2 1 ha1 ha ha- manure F3 2 F4 1306045 130 60 45 (130:60:4 ha-1) F5 nanoFe nano Fe nanoZn Zn nano-Zn P1 P (P1 40cm cm P2 60cm P3 P4 tested 7 variability 5 respectively polygonview polygon view sections F3P4 FP F3-P contents 180, 180 18 0 , (18:0) 181, 181 (18:1) 182, 182 (18:2) 183 3 (18:3 120 12 (12:0 value vectorview vector 140 14 (14:0 values F4P4, F4P4 P4, F4-P4 F4P3 F4-P F5P4. F5P4 P4. F5-P4 Therefore nanoZn, Zn, 4 distance highquality high quality [F 130604 13 6 (130:60: (P F3P (18:0 (18:1 (18:2 (18: (12: (14: F4P F5P F5-P 13060 (130:60 (18 (12 (14 1306 (130:6 (1 (130: ( (130 (13

RESUMO Solos em zonas semiáridas não proporcionam nutrientes suficientes para as culturas, tornando a produtividade delas dependente de fertilizantes e métodos de plantio. Objetivou-se investigar como os ácidos graxos do óleo de cártamo mudam com o uso de fertilizantes e métodos de plantio. Foram testados cinco fertilizantes [F1: controle; F2: 10 t ha-1 de esterco bovino; F3: 20 t ha-1 de esterco bovino; F4: NPK (130:60:45 kg ha-1); F5: nano-Fe e nano-Zn] e quatro padrões de plantio [P1: plantio em sulco de 40 cm; P2: plantio em sulco de 60 cm; P3: plantio em canteiro de 40 cm; P4: plantio em canteiro de 60 cm]. Um tratamento biplot explicou 73 % da variabilidade, com o primeiro e o segundo componentes principais representando 54 e 19 %, respectivamente. A perspectiva poligonal foi dividida em cinco seções, sendo F3-P4 a melhor para teores de óleo e proteína, ácidos esteárico (18:0), oleico (18:1), linoleico (18:2), linolênico (18:3) e láurico (12:0) e valor de iodo. A perspectiva vetorial mostrou associação positiva entre valor de iodo, teor de óleo e ácidos linoleico, oleico, linolênico, esteárico e láurico, bem como entre ácido mirístico (14:0) e teor de proteína, e entre valor de saponificação e de peróxido. Os melhores tratamentos foram F4-P4, F4-P3 e F5-P4. Portanto, o uso de fertilizante químico NPK ou nano-Fe e nano-Zn, combinado com plantio em canteiro com distância entre linhas de 40 ou 60 cm, pode ser benéfico para a produção de óleo de cártamo de alta qualidade. culturas Objetivouse Objetivou se F1 F [F1 controle F2 1 ha1 ha ha- bovino F3 2 F4 1306045 130 45 (130:60:4 ha-1) F5 nanoFe nano Fe nanoZn Zn nano-Zn P1 P [P1 4 cm P2 6 P3 P4 cm. . cm] 7 variabilidade 5 respectivamente seções F3P4 FP F3-P proteína 180, 180 18 0 , (18:0) 181, 181 (18:1) 182, 182 (18:2) 183 3 (18:3 120 12 (12:0 iodo 140 14 (14:0 peróxido F4P4, F4P4 P4, F4-P4 F4P3 F4-P F5P4. F5P4 P4. F5-P4 Portanto nanoZn, Zn, qualidade [F 130604 13 (130:60: [P F3P (18:0 (18:1 (18:2 (18: (12: (14: F4P F5P F5-P 13060 (130:60 (18 (12 (14 1306 (130:6 (1 (130: ( (130 (13

RESUMEN En Nariño, las variedades de arveja voluble, debido a su alta capacidad productiva, no logran mantenerse erguidas a pesar del uso de sistemas de tutorado, lo que genera acame y pérdidas en el rendimiento y la calidad del producto. Una opción viable para mitigar el problema es el uso de genotipos volubles con el gen afila que reemplaza hojas por zarcillos, favoreciendo el agarre de las plantas sobre las cuerdas que sirven de tutores. En busca de una solución a este problema, se evaluó la adaptabilidad y estabilidad fenotípica para el rendimiento en vaina verde de 20 líneas de arveja voluble con el gen afila y los testigos de hoja normal Obonuco Andina y Sindamanoy en cinco municipios del sur del departamento de Nariño. En cada localidad se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron utilizando los modelos de Eberhart y Russell y AMMI. En el modelo de Eberhart y Russell, los ambientes más favorables fueron Puerres y Gualmatán y el ambiente más desfavorable fue Potosí. Las líneas GR15, GR10 y la variedad Sindamanoy fueron seleccionadas como de alto rendimiento, adaptables y predecibles. El análisis de varianza para el modelo AMMI indicó un alto efecto ambiental resultante de ambientes contrastantes y baja diversidad entre las líneas con el gen afila evaluadas. El índice de selección (GSIi) obtenido a partir del valor de estabilidad (ASV) y la clasificación por rendimiento, permitió la identificación y selección por orden de mérito de los genotipos Obonuco Andina, GR15, GR14, GR28, GR10, GR2, GR23, Sindamanoy y GR3 como los de mayor estabilidad y rendimiento. La coincidencia en la selección entre los modelos Eberhart y Russell y AMMI fue del 33,3%.

ABSTRACT In Nariño, the climbing pea varieties, due to their high production capacity, are unable to stand upright despite the use of trellising systems, resulting in lodging and losses in yield and product quality. A viable option to mitigate the problem is the use of climbing genotypes with the afila gene that replaces leaves with tendrils, favoring the grip of the plants on the strings that serve as tutors. In search of a solution to this problem, the adaptability and phenotypic stability for green pod yield of 20 climbing pea lines with the afila gene and the normal-leaf controls Obonuco Andina and Sindamanoy were evaluated in five municipalities in the southern part of the department of Nariño. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used at each location. The data obtained were analyzed using the Eberhart and Russell and AMMI models. In the Eberhart and Russell model, the most favorable environments were Puerres and Gualmatán and the most unfavorable environment was Potosí. Lines GR15, GR10 and the Sindamanoy variety were selected as high yielding, adaptable and predictable. The analysis of variance for the AMMI model indicated a high environmental effect, resulting from contrasting environments and low diversity between the lines with the afila gene evaluated. The selection index (GSIi) obtained from the stability value (ASV) and the classification by yield, allowed the identification and selection in order of merit of the genotypes Obonuco Andina, GR15, GR14, GR28, GR10, GR2, GR23, Sindamanoy and GR3 as those with the highest stability and yield. The coincidence in selection between the Eberhart and Russell and AMMI models was 33,3%.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar líneas de triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmack) de valor en la industria alimentaria, con base en sus propiedades físicas y químicas. Veinte líneas élite de triticale primaveral del programa de investigación del CIMMyT se establecieron bajo un diseño experimental completamente al azarcón seis repeticiones durante 2018 en Celaya, Guanajuato, México, donde se evaluaron las variables: PMG, PH, humedad, cenizas, grasa, fibra, proteína y carbohidratos. Los resultados mostraron diferencias (p≤ 0.05) entre líneas, los mayores valores de PMG, PH y porcentaje superior en grasa, fibra, proteínas y carbohidratos se encontraron en las líneas L-18, L-17 y L-14, además de L-20, L-10 y L-19. El modelo AMMI detectó diferencias significativas (p≤ 0.05) para las líneas y sus interacciones con las variables fisicoquímicas; el gráfico biplot mostró que las líneas L-18, L-7, L-10, L-17 y L-20 expresaron mayor asociación con PMG, PH, proteínas, grasas, fibra y carbohidratos, lo que les permite considerarlas en el uso de la industria alimentaria por obtener promedios superiores.

Abstract The objective of this research was to identify lines of triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmack) of value in the food industry, based on their physical and chemical properties. Twenty elite lines of spring triticale from the CIMMYT research program were established under a completely randomized experimental design with six repetitions during 2018 in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico, where the following variables were evaluated: WTG, HW, moisture, ashes, fat, fiber, protein, and carbohydrates. The results showed differences (p≤ 0.05) between lines, the highest values of WTG, HW and the highest percentage in fat, fiber, proteins and carbohydrates were found in lines L-18, L-17 and L-14, in addition to L-20, L-10 and L-19. The AMMI model detected significant differences (p≤ 0.05) for the lines and their interactions with physicochemical variables; the biplot graph showed that lines L-18, L-7, L-10, L-17 and L-20 expressed greater association with WTG, HW, proteins, fats, fiber and carbohydrates, which allows them to be considered in the use of the food industry for obtaining higher averages.