Abstract Vismia japurensis Reichardt is a plant of ecological and chemical importance from which a variety of bioactive substances have been isolated. The current study aimed to establish in vitro cultures of this species as a source of secondary metabolites. Appropriate decontamination treatments and germination tests were performed and, after in vitro culture establishment, the propagated plants were multiplied in a sterile environment to increase the biomass of available experimental material. Seeds showed low contamination and a high germination percentage on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with gibberellic acid (both at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L). V. japurensis nodal segments rapidly regenerated when first grown in WPM and then transplanted to Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). After 60 days in MS medium, the propagated plants were removed, lyophilized, and extracted with hexane and methanol. The hexane extract was fractionated via open column chromatography, and the substance isolated was purified by high performance liquid chromatography. Structural determination of the isolated substance was carried out using one and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The isolated substance was identified as 1,8,10-trihydroxy-3,10-dimethyl-9(10H)-anthracenone, which, based on the conducted literature search, is reported for the first time. metabolites establishment material (WPM both 1 mg/L. mgL mg/L . mg L mg/L) V MS. (MS) 6 removed lyophilized methanol chromatography twodimensional two dimensional spectrometry 1,8,10trihydroxy3,10dimethyl910Hanthracenone, 1810trihydroxy310dimethyl910Hanthracenone trihydroxydimethylHanthracenone 1,8,10 trihydroxy 3,10 dimethyl 9 10H anthracenone, 8 3 anthracenone H 1,8,10-trihydroxy-3,10-dimethyl-9(10H)-anthracenone search time (MS 10trihydroxy3 10dimethyl910Hanthracenone Hanthracenone 1,8,10trihydroxy3,10dimethyl910Hanthracenone 1810 1,8,1 310 3,1 10trihydroxy dimethylHanthracenone 181 1,8, 31 3, 18 1,8 1,

Resumen La laguna de Salinas es un humedal salino altoandino ubicado en la región de Arequipa al sur de Perú. Actualmente, está sometido a actividades antropogénicas como la extracción de sales, el turismo de aventura y el cambio climático. A pesar de ser un entorno de importancia biológica, la diversidad de poblaciones microbianas ha sido poco explorada. La ubicación de este entorno en una región con índice UV extremos, altitud sobre 4,000 m y otros factores adversos destacan este ambiente como potencial para la bioprospección de microorganismos extremófilos y extremótrofos. En el presente estudio aislamos cepas bacterianas nativas de muestras de agua de la laguna de Salinas y realizamos la caracterización fenotípica a nivel morfológico y fisiológico mediante ensayos de tolerancia a NaCl, temperatura, pH y radiación UV-B. Reportamos cepas halotolerantes, psicrotolerantes, alcalófilas moderadas y cepas resistentes a radiación UV-B y una cepa alcalófila obligada. La identificación se realizó mediante el análisis molecular basado en el DNAr 16S. Los géneros identificados fueron Arthrobacter, Brachybacterium, Dietzia, Bacillus y Planococcus. Hasta donde sabemos, el presente trabajo es el primer reporte sobre microorganismos extremófilos y extremótrofos presentes en la laguna de Salinas, promoviendo un nuevo enfoque de prospección sobre este entorno.

Abstract The Salinas Lagoon is a high Andean saline wetland located in the Arequipa region of southern Peru. Currently, it is subject to anthropogenic activities such as salt extraction, adventure tourism and climate change. Despite being an environment of biological importance, the diversity of microbial populations has been little explored. The location of this environment in a region with extreme UV index, altitude above 4,000 m and other adverse factors highlight this environment as a potential for the bioprospection of extremotroph and extremotrofile microorganisms. In the present study, we isolated native bacterial strains from water samples of the Salinas Lagoon and performed phenotypic characterization at the morphological and physiological levels by means of tolerance assays to NaCl, temperature, pH and UV-B radiation. We reported halotolerant, psychrotolerant, moderate alkalophilic and UV-B radiation resistant strains and one obligate alkalophilic strain. Identification was performed by molecular analysis based on 16S rDNA. The genera identified were Arthrobacter, Brachybacterium, Dietzia, Bacillus and Planococcus. To our knowledge, the present work is the first report on extremophilic and extremotrophic microorganisms present in the Salinas Lagoon, promoting a new approach to survey this environment.

Abstract Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common type of malignant tumor of the central nervous system, responsible for significant morbidity and with a 5-year overall relative survival of only 6.8%. Without advances in treatment in the last twenty years, the standard of care continues to be maximum safe resection, Temozolomide (TMZ), and radiotherapy. Many new trials are ongoing, and despite showing increased progression-free survival, these trials did not improve overall survival. They did not consider the adverse effects of these therapies. Therefore, an increasing number of bioprospecting studies have used snake venom molecules to search for new strategies to attack GB selectively without producing side effects. The present review aims to describe GB characteristics and current and new approaches for treatment considering their side effects. Besides, we focused on the antitumoral activity of snake venom proteins from the Viperidae family against GB, exploring the potential for drug design based on in vitro and in vivo studies. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. In January 2024, a systematic search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to December 2023. Search terms were selected based on the population/exposure/outcome (PEO) framework and combined using Boolean operators ("AND", "OR"). The search strategy used these terms: glioblastoma, glioma, high-grade glioma, WHO IV glioma, brain cancer, snake venom, Viperidae, and bioprospection. We identified 10 in vivo and in vitro studies with whole and isolated proteins from Viperidae venom that could have antitumor activity against glioblastoma. Studies in bioprospecting exploring the advantage of snake venom proteins against GB deserve to be investigated due to their high specificity, small size, inherent bioactivity, and few side effects to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumor microenvironment. (GB system 5year year 5 68 6 8 6.8% years resection TMZ, TMZ , (TMZ) radiotherapy ongoing progressionfree progression free therapies Therefore Besides MetaAnalysis Meta Analysis PRISMA (PRISMA guidelines 2024 PubMed EMBASE 200 2023 populationexposureoutcome population exposure outcome PEO (PEO AND, AND ("AND" OR. OR . "OR") glioblastoma glioma highgrade grade cancer bioprospection 1 specificity size bioactivity bloodbrain blood BBB (BBB microenvironment 6.8 (TMZ 202 20 ("AND "OR" 6. 2 "OR

RESUMEN La bioprospección microbiana es el estudio y clasificación de microorganismos con valor industrial. Diferentes investigaciones a nivel mundial se están enfocando en el estudio de moléculas naturales que pueden ser utilizadas para la medicina, la agricultura y el medio ambiente, entre otros. En Colombia, la bioprospección marina ha cobrado gran relevancia. Asimismo, diferentes universidades e institutos están trabajando en el estudio de la biodiversidad y sus aplicaciones. El objetivo de esta revisión fue recopilar las leyes y decretos más importantes relacionados con el uso de los recursos con fines comerciales. Asimismo, la elucidación del estado actual de la bioprospección en Colombia y las principales aplicaciones de los microorganismos en la cadena productiva de alimentos. El enfoque especial de esta revisión es mostrar el uso potencial de la bioprospección en el desarrollo agrícola del país para cambiar las prácticas convencionales a procesos ecológicos en la producción de alimentos. De esta manera, esta revisión propone la bioprospección de bacterias ácido-lácticas como una alternativa para utilizar su biomasa y metabolitos para la conservación de alimentos.

ABSTRACT Microbial bioprospecting is the study and classification of microorganisms with industrial value. Different researches word wide are focusing on the study of natural molecules that can be used for medicine, agriculture and the environment, among others. In Colombia, marine bioprospecting has become highly relevant. Also, different universities and institutes are working on the study of the biodiversity and its applications. The aim of this review was to compilate the most important laws and decrees related with the use of the resources with commercial purposes. Also, the elucidation of the current state of bioprospecting in Colombia and the principal applications of microorganisms in the food production chain. The special focus of this review is to show the potential use of bioprospection on agricultural development of the country in order to change the conventional practices to eco-friendly process in food production. Also, this review proposes the bioprospecting of lactic acid bacteria as an alternative to use their biomass and metabolites for food preservation.

Abstract The genus Conus includes over 900 species of marine invertebrates known as cone snails, whose venoms are among the most powerful described so far. This potency is mainly due to the concerted action of hundreds of small bioactive peptides named conopeptides, which target different ion channels and membrane receptors and thus interfere with crucial physiological processes. By swiftly harpooning and injecting their prey and predators with such deadly cocktails, the slow-moving cone snails guarantee their survival in the harsh, competitive marine environment. Each cone snail species produces a unique venom, as the mature sequences of conopeptides from the venoms of different species share very little identity. This biochemical diversity, added to the numerous species and conopeptides contained in their venoms, results in an immense biotechnological and therapeutic potential, still largely unexplored. That is especially true regarding the bioprospection of the venoms of cone snail species found off the Brazilian coast - a region widely known for its biodiversity. Of the 31 species described in this region so far, only four - Conus cancellatus, Conus regius, Conus villepinii, and Conus ermineus - have had their venoms partially characterized, and, although many bioactive molecules have been identified, only a few have been actually isolated and studied. In addition to providing an overview on all the cone snail species found off the Brazilian coast to date, this review compiles the information on the structural and pharmacological features of conopeptides and other molecules identified in the venoms of the four aforementioned species, paving the way for future studies. 90 far processes cocktails slowmoving slow moving harsh environment venom identity diversity potential unexplored biodiversity 3 cancellatus regius villepinii characterized studied date studies 9

Abstract The objective of the study was to identify the most suitable substrate and type of cutting to obtain seedlings from Baccharis vulneraria Baker cuttings. Apical and stem cuttings were collected from stock plants grown in a greenhouse. After collection, the cuttings were grown in the following substrates: commercial peat-based substrate (CPS); Vermiculite (VM); carbonized rice husk (CRH); Coconut fiber (CF); VM and CRH (1:1) (VM + CRH); VM and CF (1:1) (VM + CF); and CRH and CF (1:1) (CRH + CF) mixtures. The experiment used a completely randomized factorial design and, after 60 days, the percentage of survival and rooting (% SR), aerial part length (APL) and roots length (RSL), number of shoots (SN) and new leaves (LN), root volume (RSV), aerial part dry mass (APDM), and roots dry mass (RSDM) were evaluated. An interaction was found between the type of substrate and cutting for APL, RSL, LN, RSV, and RSM. On the other hand, %SR, SN and APDM differed only by cutting type. Apical cuttings showed higher APL, while internode cuttings showed higher SN, LN, RSV, and APDM. CPS promoted higher RSL in both types of cuttings, being a suitable option for the propagation of Baccharis vulneraria, particularly in internode cuttings. greenhouse collection substrates peatbased peat based (CPS) (VM) (CRH) (CF) 11 1 (1:1 CRH) mixtures 6 days % ( SR, SR , SR) APL (APL (RSL) (SN LN (LN) RSV (RSV) APDM, (APDM) RSDM (RSDM evaluated RSM hand %SR (CPS (CF (1: (RSL (LN (RSV (APDM (1

Resumo O estudo objetivou identificar o substrato e o tipo de estaca adequados para a obtenção de mudas por estaquia de Baccharis vulneraria Baker. Foram coletadas estacas apicais e caulinares de plantas matrizes mantidas em casa de vegetação e cultivadas nos substratos: substrato comercial à base de turfa (CPS); Vermiculita (VM); casca de arroz carbonizada (CRH); Fibra de coco (CF); VM e CRH (1:1) (VM + CRH); VM e CF (1:1) (VM + CF); CRH e CF (1:1) (CRH + CF). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial e, após 60 dias foi avaliado: percentual de sobrevivência e enraizamento (% SR), comprimento da parte aérea (APL) de raízes (RSL), número de brotos (SN) e de folhas novas (LN), volume de raiz (RSV), massa seca da parte aérea (APDM) e de raízes (RSDM). Houve interação entre o tipo de substrato e estaca para APL, RSL, LN, RSV e RSM. Já %SR, SN e APDM diferiram somente para o tipo de estaca. Estacas apicais apresentaram maior APL enquanto as de entrenó demonstraram maior SN, LN, RSV e APDM. CPS promoveu maior CSR nos dois tipos de estacas, sendo uma opção adequada para propagação de Baccharis vulneraria, principalmente em estacas de entrenó. Baker substratos (CPS) (VM) (CRH) (CF) 11 1 (1:1 CRH) CF) CF. . 6 avaliado % ( SR, SR , SR) (APL RSL (RSL) (SN LN (LN) RSV, (RSV) (APDM RSDM. RSDM (RSDM) RSM %SR (CPS (CF (1: (RSL (LN (RSV (RSDM (1

Abstract Antibiotics have shown less efficiency against resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result, research centers have sought therapeutic alternatives against multidrug resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, one of which is using plant extracts. Bamboo extracts are used for several medicinal purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of culms and leaves of the species Guadua aff. lynnclarkiae on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Only the leaves of G. aff. lynnclarkiae showed a bactericidal effect for all tested strains with MBC ranging from 1.55 mg ml-1 to 25 mg ml-1. The culms had bacteriostatic action with MIC ranging from 1.55 mg ml-1 to 6.25 mg ml-1, and bactericidal action at the concentration of 6.25 mg ml-1 only for S. aureus. This study provides bases for the use of this Amazonian native bamboo in bioprospecting. microorganisms result antibiotics purposes aff aureus pneumoniae (MIC MBC. . (MBC) G 155 1 55 1.5 ml1 ml ml- 2 ml1. 1. 625 6 6.2 ml1, 1, S bioprospecting (MBC 15 5 62 6.

Resumo Os antibióticos têm mostrado menor eficiência contra a resistência de microrganismos patogênicos. Assim sendo, centros de pesquisa têm buscado alternativas terapêuticas contra a multirresistência das bactérias aos antibióticos, sendo uma delas o uso de extratos vegetais. Extratos de bambu têm sido usados para diversos fins medicinais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antibacteriano de extratos hidroalcoólicos de colmos e folhas da espécie Guadua aff. lynnclarkiae em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae e Klebsiella pneumoniae. Avaliamos a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração bactericida mínima (CBM). Apenas as folhas de G. aff. lynnclarkiae mostraram efeito bactericida para todas as cepas testadas com CBM variando de 1,55 mg ml-1 a 25 mg ml-1. Os colmos apresentaram ação bacteriostática com CIM variando de 1,55 mg ml-1 a 6,25 mg ml-1, e ação bactericida na concentração de 6,25 mg ml-1 apenas para S. aureus. Este estudo fornece bases para o uso deste bambu nativo da Amazônia na bioprospecção. patogênicos vegetais medicinais aff aureus (CIM CBM. . (CBM) G 155 1 55 1,5 ml1 ml ml- 2 ml1. 1. 625 6 6,2 ml1, 1, S bioprospecção (CBM 15 5 62 6,

Abstract Parkia platycephala is the only species of the genus Parkia that is endemic to the brazilian Cerrado and the tree symbol of the state of Tocantins, but there are still few studies regarding its bioprospecting. In this study, we aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, toxicity and bioactivities of the bark and flower of Parkia platycephala. Hot sequential extractions (Soxhlet) were performed using methanol and hydroethanolic solution (70%), after degreasing the sample (hexane). The presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and alkaloids was detected in the preliminary screening. Trilinolein, (Z)-9-octadecenamide, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose were detected by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In the Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (LC-PDA) analysis, it was detected exclusively ferulic acid (bark) and ellagic acid (flower). The ethanolic extract of the bark (IC50=10.69 ± 0.35 µgmL-1) has an antioxidant potential (DPPH• radical) higher than that of the rutin standard (IC50=15.85 ± 0.08 µgmL-1). All extracts showed excellent anticholinesterase potential (Ellman), with emphasis on the ethanol extract of the flower (IC50 =5.34 ± 0.12 µgmL-1). Regarding toxicity (Artemia salina), the methanolic extract of the bark and the ethanolic extract of the flower presented high and moderate levels, respectively. Such results limit the concentrations of biological activities in this study, however, the antioxidant and anticholinesterase indices fall short of toxicity. The results demonstrated promising antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of both the bark and the flower of Parkia platycephala. Tocantins bioprospecting study composition Soxhlet (Soxhlet 70%, 70 70% , (70%) hexane. hexane . (hexane) flavonoids tannins screening Trilinolein Z9octadecenamide, Z9octadecenamide Zoctadecenamide Z 9 octadecenamide, octadecenamide (Z)-9-octadecenamide 3Omethyldglucose Omethyldglucose 3 O methyl d glucose GCMS. GCMS GC MS (GC-MS) LCPDA LC PDA (LC-PDA analysis (bark flower. (flower) IC50=10.69 IC501069 IC IC50 10 69 (IC50=10.6 035 0 35 0.3 µgmL1 µgmL 1 µgmL-1 DPPH• DPPH (DPPH radical IC50=15.85 IC501585 15 85 (IC50=15.8 008 08 0.0 µgmL1. Ellman, Ellman (Ellman) (IC5 534 5 34 =5.3 012 12 0.1 Artemia salina, salina salina) levels respectively however 7 (70% (hexane (GC-MS (flower IC50=10.6 IC50106 IC5 6 (IC50=10. 03 0. µgmL- IC50=15.8 IC50158 8 (IC50=15. 00 (Ellman (IC 53 =5. 01 (70 IC50=10. IC5010 (IC50=10 IC50=15. IC5015 (IC50=15 =5 (7 IC50=10 IC501 (IC50=1 IC50=15 = ( IC50=1 (IC50= IC50=

Resumo A Parkia platycephala é a única espécie do gênero Parkia, endêmica do Cerrado brasileiro e a árvore símbolo do estado do Tocantins, porém ainda com pouco estudos com relação a sua bioprospecção. Neste estudo, objetivamos realizar a caracterização fitoquímica, avaliar a toxicidade e as atividades antioxidante e anticolinesterásica dos extratos da casca e da flor da Parkia platycephala. Foram realizadas extrações sequenciais a quente (Soxhlet), utilizando hexano, metanol e solução hidroetanólica (70%). A presença de flavonoides, taninos, esteroides e alcaloides foi detectada na triagem preliminar. A análise por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massa (GC-MS) indicou a presença de variados compostos, tais como trilinoleina, (Z)-9-octadecenamida, 3-O-methyl-d-glucose e methylsulfinyl(methylthio)-methane. Na análise por Cromatografia Líquida com Detector de Arranjo de Diodo (LC-PDA), destacam-se o ácido elágico, presente apenas nos extratos da flor, e o ácido ferúlico, presente apenas nos extratos da casca. Os extratos da casca predominaram quanto ao potencial antioxidante (radical DPPH•), sendo que o extrato etanólico (IC50=10,69 ± 0,35 µgmL-1) superou o padrão rutina (IC50=15,85 ± 0,08 µgmL-1). Todos os extratos apresentaram excelentes potenciais anticolinesterásicos (teste de Ellman), com ênfase no extrato etanólico da flor (IC50=5,34 ± 0,12 µgmL-1). Em relação à toxicidade (Artemia salina), o extrato metanólico da casca e o extrato etanólico da flor, apresentaram níveis elevado e moderado, respectivamente. Tais resultados limitam as concentrações das atividades biológicas deste estudo, entretanto, os índices antioxidante e anticolinesterásico ficam aquém da toxicidade. Os resultados mostraram as promissoras atividades antioxidante e anticolinesterásica da casca e flor da Parkia platycephala. Tocantins bioprospecção estudo fitoquímica Soxhlet, Soxhlet , (Soxhlet) hexano 70%. 70 70% . (70%) flavonoides taninos preliminar GCMS GC MS (GC-MS compostos trilinoleina Z9octadecenamida, Z9octadecenamida Zoctadecenamida Z 9 octadecenamida, octadecenamida (Z)-9-octadecenamida 3Omethyldglucose Omethyldglucose 3 O methyl d glucose methylsulfinylmethylthiomethane. methylsulfinylmethylthiomethane methylsulfinyl methylthio methane. methane methylsulfinyl(methylthio)-methane LCPDA, LCPDA LC PDA (LC-PDA) destacamse destacam se elágico ferúlico radical DPPH•, DPPH DPPH• DPPH•) IC50=10,69 IC501069 IC IC50 10 69 (IC50=10,6 035 0 35 0,3 µgmL1 µgmL 1 µgmL-1 IC50=15,85 IC501585 15 85 (IC50=15,8 008 08 0,0 µgmL1. teste Ellman, Ellman Ellman) IC50=5,34 IC50534 5 34 (IC50=5,3 012 12 0,1 Artemia salina, salina salina) moderado respectivamente entretanto (Soxhlet 7 (70% (LC-PDA IC50=10,6 IC50106 IC5 6 (IC50=10, 03 0, µgmL- IC50=15,8 IC50158 8 (IC50=15, 00 IC50=5,3 IC5053 (IC50=5, 01 (70 IC50=10, IC5010 (IC50=10 IC50=15, IC5015 (IC50=15 IC50=5, IC505 (IC50=5 (7 IC50=10 IC501 (IC50=1 IC50=15 IC50=5 (IC50= ( IC50=1 IC50= (IC50 (IC5 (IC

Abstract The Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) is one of Brazil's largest southwest Atlantic estuarine systems, possessing a rich microalgae diversity that remains to be fully explored. Therefore, due to the increasing interest in the microalgae biotechnological potential, this study isolated and identified diatoms found in the PEC. The diatoms were purified and analyzed with light and scanning electron microscopy for morphological identification, while DNA sequences were used for molecular identification. Although a diatoms rich diversity was obtained, only a few were viable after the cultivation period. The two best-selected strains were identified as belonging to two genera, Nitzschia and Navicula. The rbcL region was found to be the most informative for species identification. Morphological and molecular analyses allowed for the identification of species Nitzschia inconspicua and Navicula pseudoantonii, which was understood as the first report of N. pseudoantonii in the American continent. PEC (PEC Brazils Brazil s systems explored Therefore potential obtained period bestselected best selected genera N continent

Abstract Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH), often isolated from broiler chicken samples, damages the entire production chain due to its high resistance in the environment. The search for sustainable disinfectant agents has intensified, focusing on the action of essential oils. This work's objective was to evaluate the in vitro, effect of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TEO) and thymol in SH isolated from broilers, and the cytotoxicity in animal cells. Four different concentrations of TEO (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8%, (v/v)) were used against five SH isolates obtained from broilers and ATCC 8326. Thymol was evaluated at the concentrations of 0.023%, 0.047%, 0.071%, and 0.094% (v/v). In vitro antibacterial assays were performed by quantifying viable planktonic cells in the broth microdilution test. The MTT technique was used to assess the cytotoxicity in IEC-6 intestinal cells and NCTC fibroblasts. IC50 was assessed testing the concentrations of 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5% of TEO and thymol in 24 hours. The bacterial activity was observed from the 0.2% concentration of TEO since no colony-forming units were observed. Thymol in the concentration of 0.094% controlled 83.33% of the bacteria. TEO presented an IC50 of 0.14% and 1.22%, while the IC50 for thymol was 0.068% and 0.001% for the IEC-6 and NCTC cells, respectively. On the other hand, TEO showed low cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and a potential action capacity to eliminate SH strains in vitro. SH, , (SH) samples environment intensified oils works work s (TEO 0.1%, 01 0 1 (0.1% 02 2 04 4 0.4% 08 8 0.8% v/v vv v (v/v) 8326 0023 023 0.023% 0047 047 0.047% 0071 071 0.071% 0094 094 0.094 v/v. . test IEC6 IEC 6 IEC- IC IC5 00625 0625 0.0625% 0125 125 0.125% 025 25 0.25% 05 5 0.5 hours 0.2 colonyforming colony forming 8333 83 33 83.33 bacteria 014 14 0.14 122 22 1.22% 0068 068 0.068 0001 001 0.001 respectively hand (SH 0.1% (0.1 0.4 0.8 (v/v 832 002 0.023 004 0.047 007 07 0.071 009 09 0.09 0062 062 0.0625 012 12 0.125 0.25 0. 833 3 83.3 0.1 1.22 006 06 0.06 000 00 0.00 (0. 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.0 0.062 0.12 83. 1.2 (0 1. (

Resumo Plantas que produzem metabólitos secundários com atividade alelopática ou fitotóxica podem ser biotecnologicamente importantes, servindo como fontes de aleloquímicos e, assim, contribuindo para o setor agroindustrial. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) é uma espécie amazônica que cresce em grupos, formando vismiais. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos de extratos hexânicos e metanólicos de folhas e ramos de Vismia japurensis in vivo e de plântulas cultivadas in vitro sobre Lactuca sativa. Além disso, folhas frescas e secas foram analisadas pelo método sanduíche, a fim de determinar sua capacidade de liberação de aleloquímicos. O extrato hexânico de plântulas in vitro reduziu a germinação em 10% e o extrato metanólico promoveu uma redução de 16% na velocidade de germinação. O crescimento radicular de Lactuca sativa foi inibido em 64,7% quando submetido ao extrato hexânico das folhas, em 39,3% sob influência do extrato hexânico dos galhos e em 96,09% para o extrato de hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Quando analisados por cromatografia em camada delgada e ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H, os extratos mostraram evidências de terpenos, antraquinonas e flavonoides, com maior intensidade de sinais na região aromática do extrato hexânico das plântulas in vitro. Assim, Vismia japurensis possui elevado potencial biotecnológico em termos de produção de substâncias de baixa polaridade com capacidade de interferência no desenvolvimento de plantas.

Abstract Plants that produce secondary metabolites with allelopathic activity or phytotoxicity can be biotechnologically important, serving as sources of allelochemicals, and thus contributing to the agroindustrial sector. Vismia japurensis (Hypericaceae) is an Amazonian species that grows in clumps called vismiais, from which most other plants are absent. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify possible phytotoxicity effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Vismia japurensis leaves and branches in vivo and from seedlings grown in vitro on Lactuca sativa. In addition, fresh and dry leaves were assayed by the sandwich method in order to determine their ability to release allelochemicals. The hexanic extract from in vitro seedlings reduced germination by 10%, while the methanol extract produced a 16% reduction in germination speed. Root growth of Lactuca sativa was inhibited by 64.7% when subjected to hexane leaf extract, by 39.3% under the influence of hexane branch extract, and by 96.09% for in vitro seedling hexanic extract. When analysed by thin layer chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, extracts showed evidence of terpenes, anthraquinones and flavonoids, with greater intensity of signals in the aromatic region of in vitro seedling hexanic extract. Clearly, Vismia japurensis has a high biotechnological potential in terms of the production of substances of low polarity with capacity to interfere in plant development.

Abstract Antarctic active volcanoes can disperse pyroclastic minerals at long distances, transporting nutrients and microorganisms to the surrounding glacial environment. The sedimented volcanic materials – called tephras – may interact with glacier ice and produce a unique environment for microbial life. This study aimed to describe the microbial community structure of an Antarctic glacier ice with tephra layers in terms of its taxonomic and functional diversity. Ice samples from Collins Glacier (King George Island) containing tephra layers of Deception Island volcano were analyzed by a whole shotgun metagenomic approach. Taxonomic analysis revealed a highly diverse community dominated by phyla Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. The dominant genera were Chitinophaga (13%), Acidobacterium (8%), and Cyanothece (4%), being all of these known to include psychrotolerant and psychrophilic strains. Functional diversity analysis revealed almost complete carbon, nitrogen and sulfur biogeochemical cycles. Carbohydrate metabolism of the ice-tephra community uses both organic and inorganic carbon inputs, where photosynthesis plays an important role through CO2 fixation. Our results also demonstrate a biotechnological potential for this glacial community, with functional annotations for styrene degradation and carotenoid pigment genes. Future metatranscriptomic studies shall further reveal the active strategies and the biotechnology potential of extremophiles from this unique ice-tephra microbial community.

Abstract Since its creation in 1960, the São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP) has been supporting biodiversity research; however, in the early years, this large umbrella was still divided into botany, ecology, and zoology. This support became more effective by the establishment of the Research Program on Characterization, Conservation, and Sustainable Use of the Biodiversity of São Paulo State, better known as the BIOTA/FAPESP Program, in 1999. The program adopted the definition of biodiversity of the Convention on Biological Diversity and focused on 4 priorities: a) advancing scientific knowledge about Brazilian biodiversity; b) training high-level personnel (master’s degrees, PhDs and postdocs) to carry out biodiversity research; c) transferring the advancement of knowledge to improve public policies on biodiversity conservation and restoration; and d) transferring private sector knowledge to economically explore the potential of Brazilian biodiversity by using it sustainably. This paper summarizes the major achievements of the BIOTA/FAPESP Program, now entering its third decade of existence. 1960 FAPESP (FAPESP research however years botany ecology zoology Characterization Conservation BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA 1999 priorities a b highlevel high level masters master s degrees postdocs c restoration d sustainably existence 196 199 19 1

Resumo: Desde sua criação em 1960, a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) vem apoiando a pesquisa em biodiversidade, embora nos primeiros anos este grande guarda-chuva tenha sido dividido em botânica, ecologia e zoologia. Este apoio tornou-se mais efetivo com a criação em 1999 do Programa de Pesquisa em Caracterização, Conservação e Uso Sustentável da Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo, mais conhecido como Programa BIOTA/FAPESP. O Programa adotou a definição de biodiversidade da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, e focalizou em 4 prioridades: a) o avanço do conhecimento científico sobre a biodiversidade brasileira, b) o treinamento pessoal de alto nível (mestrado, doutorado e pós-doutorado) para a realização de pesquisas em biodiversidade, c) a transferência do avanço do conhecimento para melhorar as políticas públicas de conservação e restauração da biodiversidade, d) a transferência para o setor privado do conhecimento para explorar economicamente o potencial da biodiversidade brasileira, utilizando-o de forma sustentável. Este documento resume as principais realizações do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP, atualmente denominado Programa de Pesquisa em Caracterização, Conservação, Restauração e Uso Sustentável da Biodiversidade, agora entrando em sua terceira década de existência. Resumo 1960 FAPESP (FAPESP guardachuva guarda chuva botânica zoologia tornouse tornou se 199 Caracterização BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA BIOTA/FAPESP Biológica prioridades brasileira b mestrado, mestrado (mestrado pósdoutorado pós pós-doutorado c d utilizandoo utilizando sustentável existência 196 19 1

Abstract In the Antarctic environment, yeasts are versatile eukaryotes that have shown wide dispersion in different substrates, producing active enzymes in extreme conditions, but their relevance in biotechnological applications is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of extracellular hydrolases by yeasts isolated from Antarctic lichens and molecularly identify these isolates. From a total of 144 isolates on the screening, 109 (76%) produced at least one of the hydrolases tested, with most activities for proteases 59 (41%), cellulases 58 (40%), esterases 57 (39%), lipases 29 (20%), amylases 23 (16%) and pectinases 20 (14%). Among these isolates, 76 were identified, most belonged to the phylum Basidiomycota (n=73) with the dominance of Vishniacozyma victoriae (n=27), Cystobasidium alpinum (n=3), Mrakia niccombsii (n=3), Cystobasidium laryngis (n=2), Bannozyma yamatoana (n=2), Holtermanniella nyarrowii (n=2), and Glaciozyma martinii (n=2). This study is the first one reporting extracellular enzyme production by yeasts isolated from thallus of the species of Antarctic lichens Lecania brialmontii, Polycauliona candelaria, Usnea capillacea, Cladonia metacorallifera, and Polycauliona regalis. With these data, it’s possible to confirm lichens as a source of hydrolase-producing yeasts, reinforcing the potential of these microorganisms in bioprospecting studies of catalytic molecules from polar regions that may be useful in promising biotechnological applications.

Resumo O potencial biotecnológico das microalgas tem sido alvo de uma série de pesquisas que visam utilizar seu potencial para produzir macromoléculas de alto valor agregado. Uma especial atenção tem sido dada à produção de biocombustíveis, como biohidrogênio, biodiesel e bioetanol, a partir de lipídios e carboidratos de microalgas. A bioprospecção e a identificação precisa de microalgas são importantes na busca de linhagens com melhor desempenho em termos de produção de biomassa e lipídios. Metodologias que combinam morfologia e técnicas moleculares permitem uma identificação mais precisa das espécies. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a nova cepa LGMM0013 coletada na Represa do Iraí, localizado no estado do Paraná, Brasil e avaliar a produção de biomassa, carboidratos e lipídios. Com base na morfologia e na árvore filogenética obtida com sequências ITS (“Internal Transcribed Spacer”), a cepa LGMM0013 foi identificada como Desmodesmus abundans. D. abundans acumulou 1500 mg L-1 de biomassa seca após 22 dias de crescimento em condições autotróficas, 50% superior a Tetradesmus obliquus (LGMM0001) (Scenedesmaceae-Chlorophyceae), uma cepa cultivada frequentemente em fotobiorreatores para produção de biomassa no NPDEAS, na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) para a produção de biomassa. Na análise da biomassa de D. abundans LGMM0013 constatou-se acúmulo de 673,39 mg L-1 de carboidratos, 130% maior que T. obliquus (LGMM0001). A produção de lipídios foi de 259,7 mg L-1, equivalente à de T. obliquus. A privação de nitrogênio aumentou a produção de biomassa e carboidratos em D. abundans LGMM0013, indicando uma maior capacidade de produção de biomassa desta cepa.

Abstract The biotechnological potential of microalgae has been the target of a range of research aimed at using its potential to produce macromolecules with high added value. Particular focus has been given to biofuels' production, such as biohydrogen, biodiesel, and bioethanol from lipids and carbohydrates extracted from microalgal biomass. Bioprospecting and accurate identification of microalgae from the environment are important in the search for strains with better performance. Methodologies that combine morphology and molecular techniques allow more precise knowledge of species. Thereby, this work aimed to identify the new strain LGMM0013 collected at Iraí Reservoir, located in Paraná state, Brazil, and to evaluate the production of biomass, carbohydrates, and lipids from this new microalgal strain. Based on morphology and phylogenetic tree from internal transcribed spacer (ITS), strain LGMM0013 was identified as Desmodesmus abundans. D. abundans accumulated 1500 mg L-1 of dried biomass after 22 days of cultivation in autotrophic conditions, 50% higher than Tetradesmus obliquus (LGMM0001) (Scenedesmaceae-Chlorophyceae), usually grown in photobioreactors located at NPDEAS at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) to produce biomass. Analysis of the D. abundans biomass from showed an accumulation of 673.39 mg L-1 of carbohydrates, 130% higher than T. obliquus (LGMM0001). Lipid production was 259.7 mg L-1, equivalent to that of T. obliquus. Nitrogen deprivation increased the production of biomass and carbohydrates in D. abundans LGMM0013, indicating this new strain greater biomass production capacity.