RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue describir la cintura pélvica, la pelvimetría y su relación con la biometría en alpacas. Para la descripción ósea se utilizaron cuatro piezas pélvicas de alpaca hembra. Además, se utilizaron a72 hembras destinadas afaenamiento (subdivididas en tres grupos etarios de 4, 5 y 6 años) para tomar las medidas pelvimétricas internas (diámetro sacro-púbico, diámetro bis-iliaco superior, diámetro bis-iliaco inferior y diámetro bis-iliaco medial) y distancias pélvicas externas (distancia inter iliaca, distancia inter isquiática y distancia ílio-isquiática); además, se tomaron tres medidas biométricas (altura a la cruz, largo del cuerpo y diámetro abdominal). La descripción ósea de las pelvis demuestra la presencia del hueso inter-isquiático, y el piso pélvico de forma ligeramente cóncava, lo cual incrementa el área pélvica. La pelvimetría interna demuestra la forma ovalada de la circunferencia pélvica, siendo más alta que ancha, de tipo dolicopélvica. Externamente, la pelvis presenta una forma cónica ubicada cráneo caudalmente. La correlación más alta se determinó entre la cavidad y el área pélvica, con un coeficiente de determinación de 82.92%.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the pelvic girdle, pelvimetry and its relationship with biometry in alpacas. For the bone description, four pelvic pieces of female alpaca were used. In addition, 72 females destined for slaughter (subdivided into three age groups of 4, 5 and 6 years) were used to take internal pelvimetric measurements (sacralpubic diameter, upper bis-iliac diameter, lowerbis-iliac diameter and medialbis-iliac diameter) and external pelvic distances (interiliac distance, inter ischial distance and iliac-ischial distance), In addition, three biometric measurements were taken (height at the withers, body length and abdominal diameter). The bone description of the pelvis demonstrates the presence of the inter-ischial bone, the pelvic floor is slightly concave, which increases the pelvic area. Internal pelvimetry shows the oval shape of the pelvic circumference, being taller than wide, dolichopelvic type. Externally, the pelvis has a conical shape located cranially caudally. The highest correlation was determined between the cavity and the pelvic area, with a coefficient of determination of 82.92%.

ABSTRACT Purpose Varicocele is a condition known to cause damage to seminal parameters and sperm function. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that the varicocele effect on fertility is time-dependent; however, little is known about the consequences of its establishment time on reproductive organs and/or sperm function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the duration of experimental varicocele on reproductive organs, sperm parameters, and sperm function. Materials and Methods Varicocele induction surgeries were performed in Wistar rats aged 40 or 100 days old. At 160-day-old, analyses were performed, including biometry of reproductive organs (prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, and testis), sperm parameters (vitality, morphology, and motility), and sperm function tests (nuclear DNA integrity, acrosome integrity, and mitochondrial activity). Results The analysis of the biometry of reproductive organs showed no differences between distinct ages in which varicocele was induced. The total abnormal sperm morphology was bigger in animals with varicocele induced to 100 days old than in animals with varicocele induced to 40 days old. Regarding nuclear DNA integrity, animals of varicocele induced to 100 days old showed worse results compared to animals of varicocele induced to 40 days old. Other parameters analyzed showed no differences between varicocele groups. Conclusion In this study conducted on rats, we conclude that varicocele adversely affects sperm, particularly its function. However, we did not observe a negative progressive effect on sperm. Furthermore timedependent dependent time-dependent however andor 4 10 160dayold, 160dayold dayold 160 day old, 160-day-old prostate, prostate (prostate vesicles epididymis testis, testis , testis) vitality, vitality (vitality motility, motility motility) integrity activity. activity . activity) groups However 1 16

Resumen El pilón (Hyeronima alchorneoides) es una de las especies forestales nativas de mayor potencial de cultivo en Costa Rica. A nivel nacional, existen investigaciones en temas como manejo silvicultural, mejoramiento genético, calidad de la madera, entre otras. Sin embargo, no existe un paquete tecnológico actualizado y completo para esta especie. Por lo que surge la necesidad de actualizar los modelos de crecimiento de diámetro y altura para esta especie. Para este estudio se utilizó una base de datos con más de 255 parcelas para el crecimiento diamétrico y más de 150 para la altura total. La función de crecimiento para el diámetro ajustada fue dap=1,4145+2,1381*Edad-0,0364*(Edad)^2, mientras que, para la altura total, el modelo ajustado fue Ht=e^((3,9090-3,5510*√(1/Edad)), Ambos modelos registraron un sesgo de un 20% para la estimación del diámetro y un 18% para la estimación de la altura total.

Abstract Pilón (Hyeronima alchorneoides) is one of the native tree species with the greatest potential for cultivation in Costa Rica. At a national level, there is research on its silvicultural management, tree improvement, wood quality and others. However, there is a lack of an updated and complete technological guide for this species. Therefore, there is a need to compile and systematize the generated knowledge in recent years about this species, with the purpose of improving technical assistance to the producer or investors. One of the main issues and needs are the availability of reliable growth models for diameter and total height for this species. A database with more than 255 plots was used for the diameter growth and more than 150 plots recording the total height. The growth function fitted for the diameter was dap=1,4145+2,1381*Edad-0,0364*(Edad)^2. Meanwhile, for total height the fitted model was Ht=e^((3,9090-3,5510*√(1/Edad)), both models have a bias estimation of 20% for diameter and 18% for total height.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the relationship between biometric and structural changes in childhood myopia is necessary to effectively manage myopia progression AIM: To determine the relationship between ocular biometry, fovea and sub-fovea choroidal thickness in school-aged children with myopia of Nigerian descent SETTING: Abuja, Nigeria METHODS: This study involved 189 children (117 girls and 72 boys), and myopia was defined as cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of ≤ −0.50 D. Keratometry values, biometry data, fovea and sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) values were obtained from medical records retrospectively and analysed RESULTS: The median age was 13 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 5). The median SER, fovea and SFChTs were −2.63 D (IQR: 3.38), 249 μm (IQR: 118) and 225 μm (IQR: 341), respectively. Male children had flatter corneas, thicker fovea and thinner SFChT compared to female children. The vitreous chamber and axial length were longer and sub-fovea choroid was thinner in children with high myopia. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between myopia and sub-fovea choroidal thickness (r = 0.270 respectively, P < 0.01). A moderate negative correlation was found between myopia and vitreous chamber depth (r = −0.536, P < 0.001), and a strong negative correlation was found between myopia and axial length (r = −0.706, P < 0.001 CONCLUSION: Myopia in school-aged Nigerian children is associated with sub-fovea choroidal thinning, increased vitreous chamber depth and axial elongation CONTRIBUTION: This study provides data on the relationship between ocular biometry, fovea and sub-foveal choroidal thickness in school-aged Nigerian children with myopia

ABSTRACT: This study recorded the physicochemical properties of the marula fruits, the biometry and breaking the dormancy in the marula seeds. Using 200 ripe fruits, the physicochemical characterization was done. From a random sample of 400 seeds, an assessment of the biometrics was performed, and the weight, length, width and thickness of the fruits and seeds were evaluated. Two experiments were conducted to study dormancy breaking using pre-germination treatments, which included immersing the marula seeds five times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes) in concentrated sulfuric acid (96%) and water, at 65 ºC temperature. The control was time zero, using plain distilled water, with 25 seeds per treatment and four replications. The marula fruits revealed average values of 21.65 ± 3.44 g, 35.5 ± 2.38 and 34.8 ± 2.73, respectively, for weight, diameter and length. The soluble solids (SS), Hydrogenonic Potential (pH), titratable acidity (AT) and ratio (AT/SS) were 14.74 ± 1.0º Brix, 3.93 ± 0.49 pH, 0.63 ± 0.22 and 27.07 ± 12.10, respectively. For the weight of one thousand seeds, the average value was 3.576 ± 188.4 g. The mean values for the dimensions of the width, length and diameter of the seeds were 22.9 ± 2.11; 23.7 ± 2.04; and 14.9 ± 2.09 mm, respectively. The physiological quality of these seeds was enhanced by immersing the seeds from freshly picked fruits in sulfuric acid for a maximum of 30 minutes and storing them for six months.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar as características físico-químicas de frutos, biometria e superação da dormência de sementes de marula. Para a caracterização físico-química foram utilizados 200 frutos maduros. Realizou-se a biometria utilizando uma amostra aleatória de 400 sementes e foram avaliados: peso, comprimento, largura e espessura de frutos e sementes. Para o estudo da superação de dormência foram realizados dois experimentos com os tratamentos pré-germinativos constituídos pela imersão das sementes em ácido sulfúrico concentrado (96%) e água a temperatura de 65 ºC por cinco tempos (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos), sendo o tempo zero a testemunha, onde utilizou-se apenas água destilada, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Os frutos de marula apresentaram valores médios de 21,65 ± 3,44 g, 35,5±2,38 e 34,8±2,73 mm de peso, diâmetro e comprimento, respectivamente e sólidos solúveis (SS), Potencial Hidrogeniônico ( pH), acidez titulável (AT) e ratio (AT/SS) foram de 14,74 ± 1,0 ºBrix, 3,93 ± 0,49 pH, 0,63 ± 0,22 e 27,07 ± 12,10 respectivamente. As sementes apresentaram valores médios de 3.576 ± 188,4 g para o peso de mil sementes. Para as dimensões, largura, comprimento e diâmetro de sementes, apresentaram valores médios de 22,9 ± 2,11; 23,7 ± 2,04; e 14,9 ± 2,09 mm respectivamente. A imersão das sementes procedentes de frutos recém colhidos em ácido sulfúrico por até 30 minutos e o armazenamento por seismeses promove incrementos na sua qualidade fisiológica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fetal ultrasound has achieved a central role in the modern diagnosis of fetal growth deviations. Objective: To determine the local discrimination power and the performance of fetal biometric variables at 33 weeks with respect to the trophic condition of the newborn. Methods: An observational, analytical and retrospective study was carried out in three health areas of Santa Clara Municipality, in the period between January 2013 and December 2019. From a population of 6035 births, 2454 were selected by simple random sampling. Data were obtained from records of genetics consultations. Areas were constructed under the receiver operating characteristic curve and performance indicators for diagnostic tests were calculated. Results: The areas under the curve of the biometric variables discriminate between those born small or large based on gestational age. Local cut-off points are estimated. Biometrics performance indicators maintain regular behavior; those calculated by transforming the values from the reference tables are more specific, while those calculated by transforming the variables by the estimated cut-off points increase sensitivity. Conclusions: All the biometric variables have some discriminatory capacity for deviations from the trophic condition at birth, higher for those born small based on gestational age. The performance indicators of the fetal biometric variables showed superiority according to the estimated cut-off points compared to those of the reference tables.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ultrasonido fetal ha logrado un papel central en el diagnóstico moderno de las desviaciones de crecimiento fetal. Objetivo: Determinar el poder discriminatorio local y desempeño de variables biométricas fetales a las 33 semanas sobre la condición trófica del recién nacido. Métodos: Se realizó estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo en tres áreas de salud del municipio Santa Clara, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2013 a diciembre del 2019. De una población de 6035 nacidos se seleccionaron 2454 por muestreo simple aleatorio. Se obtuvieron datos de registros de las consultas de genética. Se construyeron áreas bajo la curva Receiver Operating Characteristic y se calcularon indicadores de desempeño para pruebas diagnósticas. Resultados: Las áreas bajo la curva de las variables biométricas discriminan a los nacidos pequeños y grandes para la edad gestacional. Se estiman puntos de corte locales. Los indicadores de desempeño de la biometría mantienen un comportamiento regular; los calculados al transformar los valores a partir de las tablas de referencia son más específicos; y los calculados al transformar las variables por los puntos de corte estimados elevan la sensibilidad. Conclusiones: Todas las variables biométricas tienen capacidad discriminatoria para las desviaciones de la condición trófica al nacer, superior para los nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional. Los indicadores de desempeño de las variables biométricas fetales demostraron superioridad según los puntos de corte estimados respecto a los de las tablas de referencia.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Comparar las concentraciones de hemoglobina en embarazadas con anemia por deficiencia de hierro que recibieron un tratamiento intermitente en comparación con el continuo de 200 mg de sulfato ferroso por vía oral. Además, comparar la frecuencia de efectos secundarios del tratamiento intermitente con el continuo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico, aleatorizado, no cegado, efectuado en la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, en pacientes de 18 a 35 años atendidas entre los meses de enero a marzo del 2023 con 30 o más semanas de embarazo, diagnóstico de anemia ferropénica (definida operativamente solo con una biometría hemática inferior a 11 g/dL, con hipocromía y microcitosis), sin antecedentes de enfermedad crónico-degenerativa. El análisis estadístico se procesó en el programa SPSS v21, la distribución y características de la muestra con análisis univariado, seguido de un análisis bivariado con t de Student y diferencia de medias. Se consideró con significación estadística el valor de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 32 pacientes: 16 con esquema continuo y 16 con el intermitente. Ambos grupos con incremento de 1 g/dL entre la hemoglobina inicial y final (p < 0.01), con una diferencia de medias entre el aumento de los grupos con p = 0.4. Con disminución significativa de la epigastralgia y la náusea. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento intermitente con sulfato ferroso incrementa las concentraciones de hemoglobina igual que un esquema continuo, pero con menos efectos adversos.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare hemoglobin concentrations in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia who received intermittent versus continuous treatment with 200 mg oral ferrous sulfate. In addition, to compare the incidence of side effects of intermittent versus continuous treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized, non-blinded, clinical trial conducted at the Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, in patients aged 18 to 35 years attended between January and March 2023 with 30 or more weeks of pregnancy, diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (operationally defined only with a blood biometry lower than 11 g/dL, with hypochromia and microcytosis), without a history of chronic degenerative disease. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v21 program, distribution and characteristics of the sample with univariate analysis, followed by bivariate analysis with Student&apos;s t and mean difference. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were studied: 16 with continuous and 16 with intermittent regimen. Both groups with increase of 1 g/dL between initial and final hemoglobin (p < 0.01), with a mean difference between groups increase with p = 0.4. With significant reduction in epigastralgia and nausea. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent treatment with ferrous sulfate increases hemoglobin concentrations.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as características biométricas das sementes de Handroanthus impetiginosus e avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de imersão das sementes em água sobre o crescimento inicial das plântulas. As características das sementes e dos embriões foram analisadas quanto ao comprimento, largura e espessura. O teor de umidade, a massa de mil sementes e o número de sementes por quilograma foram determinados. As sementes foram submetidas a 10 tratamentos com imersão em água e um tratamento-controle sem água. Os tratamentos com água consistiram de períodos de imersão por 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54 e 60 horas. Os comprimentos da parte aérea e da raiz das plântulas foram analisados 30 dias após a semeadura. A eficiência de uso da água foi determinada. O teor de umidade foi de 60,03%. A massa de mil sementes foi de 29,860 g, o que corresponde a 33.490 sementes kg−1. As sementes apresentaram comprimento, largura e espessura de 4,486, 0,890 e 0,101 cm, respectivamente. Os embriões apresentaram 0,981, 0,655 e 0,076 cm quanto ao comprimento, largura e espessura, respectivamente. A imersão das sementes em água por seis horas apresenta os melhores resultados de crescimento e eficiência de uso da água para a obtenção de plântulas mais vigorosas de H. impetiginosus. comprimento determinados 1 tratamentocontrole tratamento controle 6 12 18 24 36 42 48 5 3 semeadura determinada 6003 03 60,03% 29860 29 860 29,86 g 33490 33 490 33.49 kg1 kg kg−1 4486 4 486 4,486 0890 0 890 0,89 0101 101 0,10 respectivamente 0981 981 0,981 0655 655 0,65 0076 076 0,07 H 2 600 60,03 2986 86 29,8 3349 49 33.4 kg− 448 4,48 089 89 0,8 010 0,1 098 98 0,98 065 65 0,6 007 07 0,0 60,0 298 8 29, 334 33. 44 4,4 08 0, 01 09 9 0,9 06 00 60, 4,

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the biometric characteristics of Handroanthus impetiginosus seed, and to evaluate the effect of different periods of seed immersion in water on the initial growth of seedlings. Seed and embryo characteristics were analyzed for length, width, and thickness. Moisture content, one thousand seed weight, and the number of seed per kilogram were determined. Seed were subjected to 10 immersion treatments in water and to one control without water. The treatments in water consisted of immersion for 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 hours. Lengths of seedling aerial parts and roots were analyzed 30 days after sowing. Water-use efficiency was assessed. The moisture content was 60.03%. The thousand seed weight was 29.860 g, corresponding to about 33,490 seed kg−1. Seed with lateral wings showed 4.486, 0.890, and 0.101 cm for length, width, thickness, respectively. Embryo showed 0.981, 0.655, and 0.076 cm, for length, width, and thickness, respectively. Seed immersion in water for six hours expresses the best results for growth and water-use efficiency, leading to vigorous seedlings of H. impetiginosus. length width thickness determined 1 6 12 18 24 36 42 48 54 3 sowing Wateruse Water use assessed 6003 03 60.03% 29860 29 860 29.86 g 33490 33 490 33,49 kg1 kg kg−1 4486 4 486 4.486 0890 0 890 0.890 0101 101 0.10 respectively 0981 981 0.981 0655 655 0.655 0076 076 0.07 wateruse H 2 5 600 60.03 2986 86 29.8 3349 49 33,4 kg− 448 4.48 089 89 0.89 010 0.1 098 98 0.98 065 65 0.65 007 07 0.0 60.0 298 8 29. 334 33, 44 4.4 08 0.8 01 0. 09 9 0.9 06 0.6 00 60. 4.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o melhor dia para polinização das flores da cultivar de morangueiro San Andreas após a antese floral. O estudo foi realizado em dois períodos (verão e outono), em uma propriedade de plantio comercial. Um total de 12 botões florais foram acompanhados e fotografados em cada um dos seguintes 11 tratamentos: polinização cruzada manual (PCM) de 1 a 5 dias após a antese floral (PCM1 a PCM5), polinização natural (PN) de 1 a 5 dias após a antese floral (PN1 a PN5) e autopolinização (AP). Após a polinização, as flores foram ensacadas até o desenvolvimento e a maturação do receptáculo floral. Em seguida, os frutos foram colhidos, quantificados e submetidos a avaliações para determinação de biometria, grau de deformidade e percentagem de aquênios fertilizados. As flores da cultivar San Andreas permanecem abertas por cinco dias, quando já se pode observar o início do desenvolvimento do receptáculo floral. Os melhores dias para a polinização da flor do morangueiro pela PCM ou pela PN são os dois primeiros dias após à antese. verão outono, outono , outono) comercial tratamentos (PCM PCM1 PCM5, PCM5 PCM5) (PN PN1 PN5 AP. AP . (AP) seguida colhidos biometria fertilizados (AP

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the optimal day for pollinating the flowers of the San Andreas strawberry cultivar after flower anthesis. The study was carried out in two periods (summer and fall), on a commercial farm. A total of 12 flower buds were monitored and photographed in each of the following 11 treatments: manual cross-pollination (MCP) on the first to fifth day after flower anthesis (MCP1 to MCP5), natural pollination (NP) on the first to fifth day after flower anthesis (NP1 to NP5), and self-pollination. After pollination, the flowers were bagged until the development and maturation of the flower receptacle. Subsequently, the fruits were harvested, quantified, and subjected to evaluations to determine biometry, degree of deformity, and the percentage of fertilized achenes. The flowers of the San Andreas cultivar remain open during five days, when the beginning of the development of the flower receptacle can already be observed. The optimal days for strawberry flower pollination through MCP or NP are the first two days after anthesis. summer fall, fall , fall) farm 1 treatments crosspollination cross (MCP MCP1 MCP5, MCP5 MCP5) (NP NP1 NP5, NP5 NP5) selfpollination. selfpollination self pollination. self-pollination Subsequently harvested quantified biometry deformity achenes observed

RESUMO Esta revisão foi baseada na literatura médica e na experiência clínica de um comitê de especialistas membros da Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia Pediátrica e da Sociedade Brasileira de Lentes de Contato e Córnea. Rotineiramente as crianças devem ser submetidas a topografia da córnea no primeiro exame e visitas semestrais com refração cicloplegiada e biometria óptica anual. A progressão da miopia foi definida como um aumento anual no equivalente esférico maior que 0,50 D/ano ou do comprimento axial maior que 0,3 mm (até 10 anos) ou 0,2 mm (mais de 11 anos). Os tratamentos propostos para a progressão são controle ambiental, atropina em baixa concentração, óculos com defocus, lentes de contato ou ortoceratologia, devendo-se considerar associações para casos não controlados. O tratamento deve ser realizado por pelo menos 2 anos. O presente documento é uma diretriz para diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento de crianças pré-míopes e míopes no Brasil. Córnea 050 0 50 0,5 Dano D ano 03 3 0, até 1 anos 02 mais . ambiental concentração defocus ortoceratologia devendose devendo se controlados diagnóstico prémíopes pré Brasil 05 5

ABSTRACT This document on myopia control is derived from a compilation of medical literature and the collective clinical expertise of an expert committee comprising members from the Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology and the Brazilian Society of Contact Lenses and Cornea. To manage myopia in children, the committee recommends corneal topography and biannual visits with cycloplegic refraction, along with annual optical biometry. For fast-progressing myopia, biannual biometry should be considered. Myopic progression is defined as an annual increase in spherical equivalent greater than 0.50 D/year or in axial length greater than 0.3 mm (until 10 years old) or 0.2 mm (above 11 years). The proposed treatments for myopia progression include environmental control, low concentration atropine, defocus glasses, contact lenses, or Ortho-K lenses, and combinations of these methods may be necessary for uncontrolled cases. Treatment should be sustained for at least 2 years. This document serves as a comprehensive guideline for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring pre-myopic and myopic children in Brazil. Cornea refraction fastprogressing fast progressing considered 050 0 50 0.5 Dyear D year 03 3 0. until 1 old 02 above . years) atropine glasses lenses OrthoK Ortho K cases diagnosing treating premyopic pre Brazil 05 5

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar atributos produtivos e nutricionais da forragem hidropônica de milho, em diferentes estágios, cultivada em substratos de capim-elefante e serragem de madeira. Foram estabelecidos dois tratamentos (T), com diferentes substratos: T1 - capim-elefante picado e desidratado e T2 - serragem de madeira. No 13º e 20º dias após a semeadura, amostras da forragem foram coletadas para avaliação do desenvolvimento das plântulas, produção de biomassa e composição nutricional. O substrato capim-elefante promoveu melhor desenvolvimento das plântulas, maior produção de biomassa e concentração de matéria mineral, aos 13 dias, quando a serragem de madeira promoveu maior concentração de matéria seca, proteína bruta, lignina e carboidrato não fibrosos (P<0,05). O substrato capim-elefante resultou em maior altura de plântula, produção de biomassa verde, concentração de matéria mineral, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo, aos 20 dias, quando a serragem de madeira promoveu maior comprimento de raíz, maior concentração de matéria seca, fibra em detergente ácido e lignina (P<0,05). O substrato capim-elefante e a coleta aos 13 dias promoveram melhor resultado para a produção de forragem hidropônica, bem como para a sua composição nutricional. milho estágios capimelefante capim elefante T, T , (T) º semeadura plântulas nutricional mineral 1 seca P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 . 0 05 (P<0,05) plântula verde etéreo 2 raíz (T P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P<0 (P<0, P< (P<0 (P< (P

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and nutritional attributes of hydroponic corn forage grown on elephant grass and wood sawdust substrates at different stages. Two treatments (T) with different substrates were established: T1 - chopped and dehydrated elephant grass and T2 - wood sawdust. Forage samples were collected 13 and 20 days after sowing to evaluate seedling development, biomass production, and nutritional composition. The elephant grass substrate promoted better seedling development and greater biomass production and concentration of mineral matter at 13 days, whereas wood sawdust promoted a greater concentration of dry matter, crude protein, lignin, and non-fibrous carbohydrates (P < 0.05). The elephant grass substrates resulted in greater seedling height, production of green biomass, and concentrations of mineral matter, crude protein, and ether extract at 20 days, while wood sawdust promoted greater root length and greater concentrations of dry matter, acid detergent fiber, and lignin (P < 0.05). Elephant grass substrate and collection for 13 days promoted better production of hydroponic forage and its nutritional composition. stages T (T established 1 2 composition protein nonfibrous non fibrous P 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) height fiber 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT Calcium is essential for bone development and eggshell formation in laying hen nutrition. It is therefore important to align the nutritional levels of calcium and the granulometry of limestone. The aim herein was to evaluate the effect of different calcium levels and two limestone granulometries on the performance, egg quality, digestive organ characteristics, and bone quality of layers in their second production cycle. A total of 324 Lohmann LSL Lite layers at 113 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with 3 calcium levels and 2 limestone granulometries, totalling 6 treatments with 6 replicates of 9 birds each. Performance, egg quality, digestive organ biometry, and bone characteristics were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Tukey’s test. In addition, a canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was carried out. There was no interaction between the factors for any of the variables. However, there was an effect of granulometry on egg weight, and of calcium levels on relative liver weight. No differences were observed in the CDA. It is concluded that coarse-grained limestone improves egg weight, and a 4.3% calcium level is recommended. nutrition performance cycle 32 11 scheme each Performance biometry evaluated variance Tukeys Tukey s test addition CDA (CDA out variables However weight coarsegrained coarse grained 43 4 4.3 recommended 1 4.

Resumo As diferenças biométricas entre frutos e sementes são características úteis que podem fornecer dados importantes para a investigação e preservação da espécie, podendo estar vinculadas a influências ambientais e genéticas. Neste sentido, considerando a importância dessa espécie e a necessidade de conservação, objetivou-se realizar a caracterização física dos frutos e sementes de Hymenaea martiana, bem como determinar a curva de embebição das sementes. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes, do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em Areia - PB. As avaliações realizadas foram as seguintes: biometria de frutos e sementes, número de sementes por frutos, colorimetria dos frutos e sementes, porcentagem de sementes danificadas, peso de mil sementes, teor de água das sementes, massa e curva de embebição. Os dados biométricos foram submetidos à análise descritiva para determinação do valor mínimo, máximo, médio, desvio padrão, assimetria, curtose dos frutos e sementes. Nas características biométricas de frutos e sementes de H. martiana houve variação acentuada, cujos valores médios dos frutos foram de 90,28 mm para o comprimento, 46,83 mm de largura, 34,69 de espessura, peso de 65,86 g e quatro sementes por fruto. Quanto as sementes, os valores médios foram de 23,75 mm, 18,34 mm, 12,71 e 4,13 g para o comprimento, largura, espessura e peso, respectivamente. Em relação a coloração, foi observado que os frutos são mais escuros que as sementes, e que tanto os frutos quanto as sementes têm tonalidades voltadas para o vermelho. As sementes escarificadas absorvem maior quantidade de água se comparadas as sementes não escarificadas. genéticas sentido conservação objetivouse objetivou Sementes Agrárias Paraíba PB seguintes danificadas mínimo máximo médio padrão assimetria H acentuada 9028 90 28 90,2 comprimento 4683 46 83 46,8 largura 3469 34 69 34,6 6586 65 86 65,8 fruto 2375 23 75 23,7 1834 18 18,3 1271 12 71 12,7 413 4 13 4,1 respectivamente coloração vermelho 902 9 2 90, 468 8 46, 346 3 6 34, 658 65, 237 7 23, 183 1 18, 127 12, 41 4,

Abstract The biometric differences between fruits and seeds are useful characteristics that can provide important data for the investigation and preservation of the species and may be linked to environmental and genetic influences. In this sense, considering the importance of this species and the need for conservation, the objective was to carry out physical characterization of the fruits and seeds of Hymenaea martiana as well as to determine the seed imbibition curve. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory at the Agricultural Sciences Center at the Federal University of Paraíba in Areia, PB. The evaluations carried out were as follows: biometry of fruits and seeds, number of seeds per fruit, colorimetry of fruits and seeds, percentage of damaged seeds, weight of a thousand seeds, seed water content, mass and imbibition curve. The biometric data were subjected to descriptive analysis to determine the minimum, maximum, average value, standard deviation, asymmetry, and kurtosis of the fruits and seeds. In terms of the biometric characteristics of the fruits and seeds of H. martiana, there was a marked variation, with average fruit lengths of 90.28 mm, widths of 46.83 mm, thicknesses of 34.69 mm, weights of 65.86 g and four seeds per fruit. The average length, width, thickness and weight of the seeds were 23.75 mm, 18.34 mm, 12.71 g and 4.13 g, respectively. The fruits were darker than the seeds, and both the fruits and seeds had red tones. Compared with nonscarified seeds, scarified seeds absorb a greater amount of water. influences sense conservation curve Areia PB follows content minimum maximum value deviation asymmetry H variation 9028 90 28 90.2 mm 4683 46 83 46.8 3469 34 69 34.6 6586 65 86 65.8 length width 2375 23 75 23.7 1834 18 18.3 1271 12 71 12.7 413 4 13 4.1 respectively tones 902 9 2 90. 468 8 46. 346 3 6 34. 658 65. 237 7 23. 183 1 18. 127 12. 41 4.

Abstract Some octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) can produce a sub-millimeter to a millimeter-range skeleton of calcium carbonate, known as sclerites. Sclerites have diverse morphological characters, such as size, and shape features that give them relevance as taxonomic characters at different levels. Renilla Lamarck, 1816, is a genus of the order Pennatulacea (Octocorallia), in which colonies are characterized by two distinct zones: a peduncle, which anchors them to the substrate, and a rachis that supports the polyps. In the case of Renilla muelleri Kölliker, 1872, prior research established the presence of similar sclerites in both the peduncle and the rachis. Nevertheless, the potential morphological variations of these sclerites among colonies and within different colony regions have yet to be assessed to determine the stability of these characteristics at the species level. This study aimed to describe and compare the external microscopic morphology and biometry of the sclerites of Renilla muelleri, enhancing their identification and assessing their consistency within the species. Sclerite composition was examined across the entire colony, and we analyzed length variation among colonies using generalized linear models (GLM) and within colony zones using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Additionally, the external microscopic morphology of all sclerites was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on size, two types of sclerites, namely large and small, were identified within the colonies. Both types exhibited significant size differences among colonies. Furthermore, the large sclerites displayed notable variations between zones, with those in the rachis being the largest and holding the highest rank within the colonies. In terms of external microscopic morphology, the sclerites exhibited considerable variability, making it challenging to establish clear groupings based on these characteristics. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that both the biometry and external microscopic morphology of sclerites do not exhibit consistency as characteristics in Renilla muelleri highlighting the ambiguity in defining Renilla species. Cnidaria, Cnidaria (Cnidaria Anthozoa submillimeter sub millimeter millimeterrange range carbonate levels Lamarck 1816 Octocorallia, Octocorallia , (Octocorallia) substrate polyps Kölliker 1872 Nevertheless level GLM (GLM GLMM. GLMM . (GLMM) Additionally SEM. SEM (SEM) small Furthermore variability results 181 (Octocorallia 187 (GLMM (SEM 18 1

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os cálculos de potência da lente intraocular e os erros refrativos pós-operatórios em pacientes com alta miopia submetidos à cirurgia de catarata, comparando a refração-alvo prevista e a refração pós-operatória real medida 30 dias após a cirurgia com a fórmula SRK/T. Métodos Esta análise retrospectiva incluiu 39 olhos de 31 pacientes com cirurgia de catarata de facoemulsificação não complicada com implantação de lente intraocular na bolsa. Os comprimentos axiais foram medidos por biometria de coerência óptica ou ultrassônica (imersão), com medidas de axial length (AL) maiores que 26 mm em pacientes com miopia maior que -6.0 D. A refração manifesta foi realizada na consulta pós-operatória de 1 mês, e o equivalente esférico foi analisado. Resultados Após análise de 39 olhos de 31 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com AL médio de 30,4 (desvio-padrão de 2,2) mm, o equivalente esférico refrativo médio pré-operatório foi de -15,6 (desvio-padrão de 7,6) D, variando de -24,0 a -13,4 D. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, o equivalente esférico médio foi de -0,35 (desvio-padrão de 1,1) D, variando de -2,4 a 2,50 D. Conclusão Encontramos uma correlação entre o erro refrativo absoluto e o poder dióptrico da lente intraocular. Contrariando as expectativas, em nosso estudo, a biometria ultrassônica apresentou melhores resultados que o biômetro óptico, provavelmente devido ao pequeno número de pacientes submetidos à biometria óptica, sugerindo que a biometria de imersão bem executada ainda pode produzir resultados satisfatórios. pósoperatórios pós operatórios refraçãoalvo alvo pósoperatória operatória 3 SRKT SRK T SRK/T bolsa imersão, , (imersão) (AL 2 6.0 60 6 0 -6. D mês analisado 304 4 30, desviopadrão desvio padrão 2,2 22 préoperatório pré operatório 15,6 156 15 -15, 7,6 76 7 24,0 240 24 -24, 13,4 134 13 -13, pósoperatório, pósoperatório operatório, pós-operatório 0,35 035 35 -0,3 1,1 11 2,4 -2, 250 50 2,5 expectativas estudo óptico satisfatórios (imersão 6. -6 2, 15, -15 7, 24, -24 13, -13 0,3 03 -0, 1, -2 25 5 - -1 0, -0

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate intraocular lens power calculation and postoperative refractive errors in patients with high myopia undergoing cataract surgery, comparing predicted target refraction and actual postoperative refraction measured 30 days after surgery with SRK/T formula. Methods This retrospective analysis comprised 39 eyes of 31 patients undergoing cataract surgery through phacoemulsification with in-the-bag IOL implantation. Axial length was measured by partial coherence interferometry or immersion ultrasound biometry, with measurements greater than 26 mm and preoperative myopia greater than -6.0 D Manifest refraction was performed at the 1-month postoperative visit, and the spherical equivalent was analyzed. Results After analysis of 39 eyes of 31 patients undergoing cataract surgery with a mean axial length of 30.4 (standard deviation of 2.2) mm, the mean preoperative refractive spherical equivalent was -15.6 (standard deviation of 7.6) D, ranging from -24.0 to -13.4 D. At 30 days postoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent was -0.35 (standard deviation of 1.1) D, ranging from -2.4 to 2.50 D. Conclusion We encountered a correlation between the absolute refractive error and the dioptric power of the intraocular lens. Against expectations, in our study, ultrasound biometry yielded better results than the optical biometer device, probably due to the small number of patients undergoing optical biometry, suggesting that well-performed immersion biometry can still produce satisfactory results. 3 SRKT SRK T formula inthebag bag implantation 2 6.0 60 6 0 -6. 1month month 1 visit analyzed 304 4 30. standard 2.2 22 15.6 156 15 -15. 7.6 76 7 24.0 240 24 -24. 13.4 134 13 -13. postoperatively 0.35 035 35 -0.3 1.1 11 2.4 -2. 250 50 2.5 expectations study device wellperformed well 6. -6 2. 15. -15 7. 24. -24 13. -13 0.3 03 -0. 1. -2 25 5 - -1 0. -0