ABSTRACT Chile has a relatively long history of monitoring and managing large-scale commercial fish stocks. However, many other small-scale fisheries, particularly those operating in estuaries, usually lack basic fisheries and biological information. International experience indicates that a monitoring system designed for large-scale stocks cannot simply be resized to address the complexity, relatively low total economic value, and the large number of actors and supply chains in small-scale fisheries. This article proposes a strategy to monitor data-poor fisheries operating in estuaries. The striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), locally known as "lisa", in the Rapel River, central Chile, was selected to establish a pilot monitoring program for small-scale fish resources. From May 2022 to May 2023, fisheries information, including fleet description, catch and effort data, and fish biological attributes such as length and weight, were collected and described for the first time in the region. Drawing insights from this case study, we propose developing a generic monitoring system tailored specifically for monitoring fish stocks in estuaries. This conceptualization is based on: i) change agents, who are individuals trained to work with both the social and biological dimensions of each coastal fish stock; ii) experienced fisheries scientists outside government agencies; and iii) local fishers’ knowledge to provide constant feedback for adapting temporal and spatial scales for monitoring. This monitoring scheme is cost-effective and can be efficiently replicated in other estuarine fisheries in Chile.

Introduction: Burns are injuries caused by various agents that promote the destruction of the skin and can lead to the exposure of deeper tissues. To make better use of this variety of treatment options, it is important to know its causes, extent and treatment methods. Objective: Update the use of nanocellulose membranes with glycerol, vascular endothelial growth factor and other complements in burn healing. Method: Review carried out with material and analysis selected from research on virtual platforms (SciELO, Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library, Pubmed and Scopus) using the descriptors: “bacterial membrane proteins; vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR; biological dressings; dressings” with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Afterwards, the articles were read in full. Result: 45 articles were included. Conclusion: Although more research is needed, published studies show that the enrichment of nanocellulose membranes with some additives such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF) and incorporation of sensors that can monitor wound conditions will result in highly effective dressings. Considering the technological advances to produce low-cost membranes, associated with artificial intelligence and the efforts of researchers, the benefit to public health will soon be evident.

Introdução: Queimaduras são lesões causadas por diversos agentes que promovem a destruição da pele podendo chegar à exposição de tecidos mais profundos. Para melhor uso desta variedade de opções de seu tratamento é importante conhecer-se suas causas, extensão e métodos de tratamento. Objetivo: Atualizar o uso de membranas de nanocelulose, fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular e outros complementos na cicatrização de queimaduras. Método: Revisão feita com material e análise  selecionados a partir de pesquisa em plataformas virtuais (SciELO, Google Scholar, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Pubmed e Scopus) por meio dos descritores: “proteínas da membrana bacteriana; fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular; VEGFR; curativos biológicos; curativos” e seus equivalentes em inglês “bacterial outer membrane proteins; vascular endothelial growth fator; dressing; VEGFR; biological dressings” com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Após, foi feita leitura na íntegra dos artigos. Resultado: Foram incluídos 45 artigos. Conclusão: Embora sejam necessárias mais pesquisas, estudos já publicados evidenciam que o enriquecimento das membranas de nanocelulose com alguns aditivos como o Fator de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular VEGF) e incorporação de sensores que possam monitorar as condições das feridas resultará em curativos altamente eficazes. Considerando o avanço tecnológico para produzir membranas de baixo custo, associado à inteligência artificial e os esforços dos pesquisadores, em breve o benefício à saúde pública será evidente.

Abstract Nanosensors work on the “Nano” scale. “Nano” is a unit of measurement around 10− 9 m. A nanosensor is a device capable of carrying data and information about the behavior and characteristics of particles at the nanoscale level to the macroscopic level. Nanosensors can be used to detect chemical or mechanical information such as the presence of chemical species and nanoparticles or monitor physical parameters such as temperature on the nanoscale. Nanosensors are emerging as promising tools for applications in agriculture. They offer an enormous upgrade in selectivity, speed, and sensitivity compared to traditional chemical and biological methods. Nanosensors can be used for the determination of microbe and contaminants. With the advancement of science in the world and the advent of electronic equipment and the great changes that have taken place in recent decades, the need to build more accurate, smaller and more capable sensors was felt. Today, high-sensitivity sensors are used that are sensitive to small amounts of gas, heat, or radiation. Increasing the sensitivity, efficiency and accuracy of these sensors requires the discovery of new materials and tools. Nano sensors are nanometer-sized sensors that, due to their small size and nanometer size, have such high accuracy and responsiveness that they react even to the presence of several atoms of a gas. Nano sensors are inherently smaller and more sensitive than other sensors. “Nano scale 10 m agriculture selectivity speed methods contaminants decades accurate felt Today highsensitivity gas heat radiation nanometersized sized 1

Resumo Os nanossensores funcionam na escala “Nano”. “Nano” é uma unidade de medida em torno de 10-9 m. Um nanosensor é um dispositivo capaz de transportar dados e informações sobre o comportamento e as características das partículas no nível da nanoescala para o nível macroscópico. Os nanossensores podem ser usados para detectar informações químicas ou mecânicas, como a presença de espécies químicas e nanopartículas, ou monitorar parâmetros físicos, como temperatura em nanoescala. Os nanossensores estão surgindo como ferramentas promissoras para aplicações na agricultura. Eles oferecem uma abrangente atualização em seletividade, velocidade e sensibilidade em comparação com os métodos químicos e biológicos tradicionais. Os nanossensores podem ser usados para a determinação de micróbios e contaminantes. Com o avanço da ciência no mundo e o advento dos equipamentos eletrônicos e as grandes mudanças ocorridas nas últimas décadas, sentiu-se a necessidade de construir sensores mais precisos, menores e mais capazes. Hoje, são usados sensores de alta sensibilidade que são sensíveis a pequenas quantidades de gás, calor ou radiação. Aumentar a sensibilidade, eficiência e precisão desses sensores requer a descoberta de novos materiais e ferramentas. Os nanossensores são sensores de tamanho nanométrico que, devido ao seu tamanho pequeno e tamanho nanométrico, possuem uma precisão e capacidade de resposta tão altas que reagem até mesmo na presença de vários átomos de um gás. Os nanossensores são inerentemente menores e mais sensíveis do que outros sensores. Nano. Nano . “Nano 109 10 9 10- m macroscópico mecânicas nanopartículas físicos agricultura seletividade tradicionais contaminantes décadas sentiuse sentiu se precisos capazes Hoje gás radiação 1

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious medical condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving the outcome in patients with ICH. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that has been used to detect changes in brain tissue oxygenation and blood flow in various conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive potential of NIRS for early diagnosis of ICH in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) triage with headache. A total of 378 patients were included in the study. According to the final diagnosis of the patients, 4 groups were formed: migraine, tension-cluster headache, intracranial hemorrhage and intracranial mass, and control group. Cerebral NIRS values “rSO2” were measured at the first professional medical contact with the patient. The right and left rSO2 (RrSO2, LrSO2) were significantly lower and the rSO2 difference was significantly higher in the intracranial hemorrhage group compared to all other patient groups (P<0.001). The cut-off values determined in the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were RrSO2 ≤67, LrSO2 ≤67, and ΔrSO2 ≥9. This study found that a difference of more than 9 in cerebral right-left NIRS values can be a non-invasive, easy-to-administer, rapid, and reliable diagnostic test for early detection of intracranial bleeding. NIRS holds promise as an objective method in ED triage for patients with intracranial hemorrhage. However, further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of this method. (ICH promptly Nearinfrared Near infrared (NIRS noninvasive non invasive conditions (ED headache 37 formed migraine tensioncluster tension cluster mass rSO “rSO2 RrSO2, RrSO (RrSO2 LrSO P<0.001. P0001 P P<0.001 . 0 001 (P<0.001) cutoff cut off ROC (ROC 67 ≤67 ΔrSO ≥9 rightleft noninvasive, invasive, easytoadminister, easytoadminister easy administer, administer easy-to-administer rapid bleeding However 3 “rSO (RrSO P000 P<0.00 00 (P<0.001 6 ≤6 ≥ P00 P<0.0 (P<0.00 ≤ P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P

ABSTRACT Invasive species affect ecosystems all over the world. Their impacts intensify when there are beneficial effects among different invasive species, an invasional meltdown. The Argentine black and white tegu lizard, Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae), and the plant Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae) are native to mainland South America but behave as invasive species in other parts of the world. We tested the effectiveness of S. merianae as a seed disperser of E. uniflora. Tegu feces containing seeds of E. uniflora were collected to compare the seed germination of gut-passed seeds, manually de-pulped seeds, and seeds of whole fruits. Survival analysis indicated that Tegu lizards behave as seed dispersers of E. uniflora, and there was a tendency for gut-passed seeds to germinate faster than non-gut-passed seeds. Tegu lizards may carry seeds in their guts for considerable distances, facilitating the spread of E. uniflora where both species co-occur as native and invasive (e.g., southern USA). The results indicate a mutualistic interaction between the Tegu lizard and E. uniflora in their native range, which should be considered by initiatives to monitor and control the invasion of the lizard and the plant. world meltdown Squamata (Squamata Teiidae, Teiidae , Teiidae) Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae S E gutpassed gut passed depulped de pulped fruits nongutpassed non distances cooccur co occur e.g., eg e g (e.g. USA. USA . USA) range e.g. (e.g e.g

Egeria densa is a submerged aquatic weed that can grow into dense monocultures in rivers and dams in South Africa, which negatively affects ecosystem functioning and services. The biological control agent Hydrellia egeriae Rodrigues-Júnior (Diptera: Ephydridae) was first released against Egeria densa Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae) in South Africa in 2018. Biotic resistance in an introduced range can have negative impacts on the ability of a biological control agent to establish and exert top-down pressure. Dipteran and lepidopteran species that are used as biological control agents are often susceptible to higher levels of parasitism in their introduced range than biological control agents from other insect orders. In addition, ecological analogues that are present in South Africa, make H. egeriae particularly vulnerable to biotic resistance. Considering this, post-release surveys were conducted to investigate if native parasitoids will extend their host range to include H. egeriae. Chaenusa seminervata van Achterberg, C. anervata van Achterberg (Braconidae: Alysiinae: Dacnusini) and Ademon lagarosiphonae van Achterberg (Braconidae: Opiinae) were reared from field-collected H. egeriae pupae, within a year of its release. These braconid parasitoids were previously recorded from a native herbivore, Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming (Diptera: Ephydridae). Parasitism levels of H. egeriae ranged from 50 to 74% in cold months and 0 to 60% in warmer months, with higher levels of parasitism at a site where H. lagarosiphon naturally occurs. This study also found that cumulative release events of the biological control agent increase the probability of parasitism of field populations, by directly increasing the host pool. However, biological control efficacy can potentially be increased by limiting release efforts to a maximum of two release events per site per season, with particular focus on releasing in warm (i.e. spring/summer) months. Continued post-release surveys are necessary to not only monitor H. egeriae's impact on E. densa, but also to obtain a better understanding of seasonal parasitism levels across E. densa-invaded sites in South Africa.

Abstract The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in foods as biocontrol agents against foodborne pathogens has become increasingly known. Under the premise that controlling the adhesion of microorganisms to food contact surfaces is an essential step for meeting the goals of food processing, the aim of this work was to investigate the inhibitory and anti-biofilm effectiveness of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393) against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Lactobacillus strains (108UFCCFU/ml) and pathogens (104UFCCFU/ml) were evaluated to monitor LAB anti-adhesive and antibiofilm effect, in two main scenarios: (i) co-adhesion and (ii) pathogen incorporation to stainless steel surfaces with a protective biofilm of Lactobacillus cells. In (i) the predominant effect was observed in L. rhamnosus against S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, whereas in (ii) both LAB significantly reduced the number of pathogenic adherent cells. The effect of pre-established LAB biofilms was more successful in displacing the three pathogens than when they were evaluated under co-adhesion. These findings show that both LAB can be considered good candidates to prevent or inhibit the adhesion and colonization of L. monocytogenes, S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 on surfaces and conditions of relevance for juice processing industries, offering alternatives for improving the safety and quality of fruit-based products.

Resumen Existe un creciente interés en el uso de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) como agentes de biocontrol frente a patógenos de transmisión alimentaria. Bajo la premisa de que el control de la adhesión de microorganismos a superficies de contacto con alimentos es el paso esencial para evitar su contaminación, el objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la efectividad inhibitoria y antibiofilm de Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) y Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 393) frente a Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica y Listeria monocytogenes. A fin de cumplir con el objetivo propuesto, las cepas de Lactobacillus (108UFCUFC/ml) y los patógenos (104UFCUFC/ml) se ensayaron en 2 escenarios: (1) coadhesión, y (2) incorporación de los patógenos a las superficies de acero inoxidable con un biofilm preformado de Lactobacillus. En (1), el efecto predominante se observó con L. rhamnosus frente a S. enterica y L. monocytogenes, mientras que en (2), ambas BAL redujeron significativamente el número de células patógenas adheridas. En función de estos resultados, concluimos que el efecto de un biofilm preformado de ambas BAL fue más exitoso en el desplazamiento de los 3 patógenos que en coadhesión. Ambas BAL pueden considerarse buenas candidatas para mitigar la adhesión y colonización de L. monocytogenes, S. enterica y E. coli O157:H7 en superficies en condiciones de relevancia para la industria procesadora de jugos, y, de esta manera, ofrecer alternativas para mejorar la seguridad y calidad de los alimentos a base de frutas.

Objetivo: analisar as características de barreira física e biológica de campos de algodão, que são utilizados como sistema de barreira estéril, após múltiplos usos e processamentos na prática clínica. Método: estudo longitudinal observacional de acompanhamento e de avaliação de tecido 100% algodão que foi utilizado como sistema de barreira estéril em um hospital de médio porte. Amostras foram coletadas antes do uso (após três lavagens) e com três, seis, nove, 12 e 15 meses de uso e avaliadas quanto ao número, à espessura e à integridade dos fios, peso, absorção de água e penetração úmida de micro-organismos. Resultados: após 85 lavagens, o número de fios permaneceu inalterado, porém aumentaram-se as fibras desfiadas e o volume de água absorvido. O teste microbiológico utilizando metodologia padrão alemão obteve resultado negativo; já o de penetração de úmida de micro-organismos não apresentou mudanças significativas ao longo do tempo, embora uma fração das células microbianas tenham passado pelas amostras de dupla camada. Conclusão: as propriedades físicas do tecido 100% algodão, utilizado como sistema de barreira estéril, alteraram com usos/processamentos; entretanto essas não interferiram significativamente nos resultados obtidos pelos testes realizados na barreira microbiológica até 85 lavagens. Objetivo clínica Método 100 porte lavagens seis nove 1 peso microorganismos. microorganismos micro organismos. organismos Resultados 8 inalterado aumentaramse aumentaram se absorvido negativo tempo camada Conclusão usos/processamentos usosprocessamentos 10

Objective: to analyze the physical and biological barrier characteristics of cotton fields used as a sterile barrier system after multiple use and processing cycles in the clinical practice. Method: an observational and longitudinal study to monitor and evaluate 100% cotton fabric used as a sterile barrier system in a medium-sized hospital. Samples were collected before use (after three washes) and at three, six, nine, 12 and 15 months of use and evaluated for the number, thickness and integrity of threads, weight, water absorption and wet penetration by microorganisms. Results: after 85 washes, the number of threads remained unchanged, and the shredded fibers and the water volume absorbed were increased. The microbiological test using the German standard methodology obtained a negative result and wet penetration by microorganisms did not show significant changes over time, although a percentage of the microbial cells passed through the double-layer samples. Conclusion: the physical properties of 100% cotton used as a sterile barrier system changed with use/processing cycles; however, these alterations did not significantly interfere with the results obtained by the tests performed on the microbiological barrier up to 85 washes. Objective practice Method 100 mediumsized medium sized hospital washes six nine 1 weight Results 8 unchanged increased time doublelayer double layer samples Conclusion useprocessing however 10

Objetivo: analizar las características de barrera física y biológica de los campos de algodón utilizados como sistema de barrera estéril después de ser sometidos a múltiples usos y procesos en la práctica clínica. Método: estudio observacional longitudinal de seguimiento y evaluación de tela 100% algodón, utilizada como sistema de barrera estéril en un hospital de mediano porte. Se recolectaron muestras antes del uso (después de tres lavados) y después de tres, seis, nueve, 12 y 15 meses de uso y se evaluaron el número, grosor e integridad de los hilos, peso, absorción de agua y penetración húmeda de microorganismos. Resultados: después de 85 lavados, no cambió el número de hilos, aumentó el número de fibras deshilachadas y el volumen de agua absorbida. La prueba microbiológica mediante la metodología estándar alemana obtuvo un resultado negativo y la de penetración húmeda de microorganismos no mostró cambios significativos con el tiempo, a pesar de que una fracción de células microbianas pasó a través de las muestras de doble capa. Conclusión: las propiedades físicas de la tela 100% algodón utilizada como sistema de barrera estéril cambiaron con el uso/procesamiento; sin embargo, no interfirieron significativamente con los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas realizadas a la barrera microbiológica hasta los 85 lavados. Objetivo clínica Método 100 porte lavados seis nueve 1 hilos peso Resultados 8 absorbida tiempo capa Conclusión uso/procesamiento usoprocesamiento procesamiento embargo 10

Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl. (Vitaceae) is a wild plant that is commonly used by communities from rural areas as a food and medicine. There are limited studies on the phytochemical composition and the impact of soil quality on the elemental distribution in this plant. In this study, we report a phytochemical analysis to identify the phytocompounds responsible for the reported biological activities of C. rotundifolia. We also examined the impact of soil quality on elemental uptake by the edible parts of C. rotundifolia collected from eight geographical locations in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) to assess the nutritional benefits and potential heavy metal toxicities. Three secondary metabolites (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and pheophytin a) were isolated, and their structures were characterised by high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance data. The plant was found to contribute adequately to the recommended dietary allowances for essential nutrients without exceeding tolerable upper intake limits and with low concentrations of toxic heavy metals. The average concentrations of microelements in the edible parts were found to be in decreasing order of Fe>Mn>Se>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Co. The bioaccumulation factors indicate that the plant controls the uptake of metals from the soil and would make a good indicator and biological monitor for cadmium toxicity. However, a health risk assessment exposed carcinogenic risks on regular consumption of the plant obtained from sites close to pollution sources, such as roads and landfills. The findings from this study show the synergies when consuming medicinal plants and provide evidence for C. rotundifolia as a nutraceutical. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides additional scientific knowledge on the phytochemical composition of C. rotundifolia. Three phytocompounds (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and pheophytin a) were isolated, and their presence may be correlated to this plant's antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. This study shows that C. rotundifolia contributes adequately to the recommended dietary allowances for essential elements, and the plant is safe for human consumption if collected from non-polluted sites. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic estimates for the toxic metals due to consumption of the plant signify the possibility of developing cancer over time if the plant is consumed frequently from polluted sites.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a major issue in resource-limited settings, particularly owing to the limited supply of vaccines caused by inequitable distribution OBJECTIVE: To monitor diagnostic gene targets to identify potential test failures caused by mutations, which is important for public health METHODS: Here we analysed the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 from the second wave in Zimbabwe. A total of 377 samples were sequenced at Quadram Institute Bioscience. After quality control, 192 sequences passed and were analysed RESULTS: The Beta variant was dominant during this period, contributing 77.6% (149) of the genomes sequenced and having a total of 2994 mutations in diagnostic polymerase chain reaction target genes. Many single nucleotide polymorphism mutations resulted in amino acid substitution that had the potential to impact viral fitness by increasing the rate of transmission or evading the immune response to previous infection or vaccination CONCLUSION: There were nine lineages circulating in Zimbabwe during the second wave. The B.1.351 was dominant, accounting for >75%. There were over 3 000 mutations on the diagnostic genes and lineage B.1.351, contributing almost two-thirds of the mutations. The S-gene had the most mutations and the E-gene was the least mutated

Abstract Background Splenectomy may lead to severe postoperative complications, including sepsis and cancers. A possible solution to this problem is heterotopic autotransplantation of the spleen. Splenic autografts rapidly restore the regular splenic microanatomy in model animals. However, the functional competence of such regenerated autografts in terms of lympho- and hematopoietic capacity remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor the dynamics of B and T lymphocyte populations, the monocyte-macrophage system, and megakaryocytopoiesis in murine splenic autografts. Methods The model of subcutaneous splenic engraftment was implemented in C57Bl male mice. Cell sources of functional recovery were studied using heterotopic transplantations from B10-GFP donors to C57Bl recipients. The cellular composition dynamics were studied by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Expression of regulatory genes at mRNA and protein levels was assessed by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Characteristic splenic architecture is restored within 30 days post-transplantation, consistent with other studies. The monocyte-macrophage system, megakaryocytes, and B lymphocytes show the highest rates, whereas the functional recovery of T cells takes longer. Cross-strain splenic engraftments using B10-GFP donors indicate the recipient-derived cell sources of the recovery. Transplantations of scaffolds populated with splenic stromal cells or without them afforded no restoration of the characteristic splenic architecture. Conclusions Allogeneic subcutaneous transplantation of splenic fragments in a mouse model leads to their structural recovery within 30 days, with full reconstitution of the monocyte-macrophage, megakaryocyte and B lymphocyte populations. The circulating hematopoietic cells provide the likely source for the cell composition recovery.

RESUMEN Introducción: La monitorización biométrica del sudor es una herramienta importante para la optimización del entrenamiento deportivo. Se cuestiona la posibilidad de desarrollar un biosensor de lactato amperométrico vestible utilizando un electrodo de carbono serigrafiado (SPCE) impregnado por nanopartículas de Ag (Ag NPs) para la determinación del sudor en la monitorización deportiva. Objetivos: Desarrollar un sensor con sustrato GCE recubierto de Ag NPs/SPCE. Métodos: Se utilizó el análisis FESEM y XRD para las caracterizaciones morfológicas y estructurales de las NPs de Ag y SPCE, respectivamente. Resultados: Los resultados de FESEM, EDS y XRD revelaron que las NPs de Ag estaban uniformemente dispersas en el SPCE. El biosensor electroquímico respondió linealmente al lactato en soluciones de tampón fosfato, con límites de detección y sensibilidad de 1,2 µM y 14,2 mAcm-2 mM-1, respectivamente. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que Ag NPs/SPCE puede utilizarse para monitorizar de forma continua los niveles de lactato en el sudor como un biosensor práctico y fiable para su uso. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción deportivo SPCE (SPCE deportiva Objetivos NPsSPCE Métodos respectivamente Resultados fosfato 12 1 2 1, 142 14 14, mAcm2 mAcm mAcm- mM1, mM1 mM mM-1 Conclusión uso II tratamiento mM-

ABSTRACT Introduction: Biometric sweat monitoring is an important tool for optimizing sports training. The possibility of developing a wearable amperometric lactate biosensor using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) impregnated by Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for sweat determination in sports monitoring is questioned. Objective: To develop a sensor with GCE substrate coated on Ag NPs/SPCE. Methods: FESEM and XRD analysis were used for the morphological and structural characterizations of Ag and SPCE NPs, respectively. Results: FESEM, EDS, and XRD revealed that Ag NPs were uniformly dispersed in SPCE. The electrochemical biosensor responded linearly to lactate in phosphate buffer solutions, with detection and sensitivity limits of 1.2 µM and 14.2 mAcm-2 mM-1, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that Ag NPs/SPCE can be used to continuously monitor lactate levels in sweat as a practical and reliable biosensor for use. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction training screenprinted screen printed (SPCE questioned Objective NPsSPCE Methods respectively Results EDS solutions 12 1 2 1. 142 14 14. mAcm2 mAcm mAcm- mM1, mM1 mM 1, mM-1 Conclusion use II outcomes mM-

RESUMO Introdução: O monitoramento biométrico do suor é uma ferramenta importante para otimização do treino esportivo. Questiona-se a possibilidade do desenvolvimento de um biossensor amperométrico de lactato vestível utilizando eletrodo de carbono impresso em tela (SPCE) impregnado por nanopartículas Ag (Ag NPs) para determinação do suor no monitoramento esportivo. Objetivos: Desenvolver um sensor com substrato GCE revestido em Ag NPs/SPCE. Métodos: A análise FESEM e XRD foi utilizada para as caracterizações morfológicas e estruturais dos NPs de Ag e SPCE, respectivamente. Resultados: Os resultados da FESEM, EDS, XRD revelaram que os NPs de Ag estavam uniformemente dispersos em SPCE. O biossensor eletroquímico respondeu linearmente ao lactato em soluções tampão fosfato, com limites de detecção e sensibilidade de 1,2 µM e 14,2 mAcm-2 mM-1, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o Ag NPs/SPCE pode ser utilizado para monitorar continuamente os níveis de ácido láctico no suor como um biossensor prático e confiável para o uso. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução esportivo Questionase Questiona se SPCE (SPCE Objetivos NPsSPCE Métodos respectivamente Resultados EDS fosfato 12 1 2 1, 142 14 14, mAcm2 mAcm mAcm- mM1, mM1 mM mM-1 Conclusão uso II tratamento mM-

Abstract Background: i n health work, work accidents may occur with exposure to biological material, a potential source of infection for serious diseases. Objective To estimate the factors associated with occupational accidents with exposure to biological material among health workers in primary care and medium complexity. Method A cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with primary care and medium complexity workers in five municipalities in Bahia, Brazil. Data processing included descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analyses. Results The incidence of occupational accidents with exposure to biological material was 3.4%. The associated factors were age group of 19 to33 years (RR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.2 - 3.4), absence of regular leisure activity (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1- 2.8), acting in medium complexity (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.8), exposure to biological agents (RR: 3.7; 95% CI: 2.4 - 5, 9), and high-strain jobs (RR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.3). Conclusion It is necessary to prioritize workers’ health in actions to monitor work environments and programs aimed at preventing accidents as a commitment in occupational health, in the Unified Health System (SUS). Background diseases crosssectional cross sectional Bahia Brazil descriptive univariate analyses 34 3 4 3.4% 1 to3 RR (RR 2.06 206 2 06 95 CI 12 1. 3.4, 3.4 , 3.4) 1.8 18 8 11 2.8, 28 2.8 2.8) 1.22.8, 1228 1.2-2.8) 3.7 37 7 24 2. 5 9, 9 9) highstrain high strain 1.9 3.3. 33 3.3 . 3.3) SUS. SUS (SUS) 2.0 20 0 3. 22 1.22.8 122 1.2-2.8 (SUS 1.22. 1.2-2. 1.22 1.2-2 1.2-

Resumo Introdução no trabalho em saúde podem ocorrer os acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico, potencial fonte de infecção para doenças graves. Objetivo estimar os fatores associados aos acidentes com exposição a material biológico entre trabalhadores da saúde da atenção básica e da média complexidade. Método estudo transversal, exploratório, realizado com trabalhadores da atenção básica e da média complexidade em cinco municípios baianos. O processamento dos dados incluiu análises descritivas, uni e multivariadas. Resultados a incidência dos acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico foi de 3,4%, atingindo a faixa etária entre 19 a 33 anos (RR: 2,06; IC 95%: 1,2 - 3,4), revelando ausência de prática regular de atividade de lazer (RR: 1,8; IC 95%:1,1-2,8), atuação na média complexidade (RR: 1,8; IC 95%: 1,2-2,8), exposição a agentes biológicos (RR: 3,7; IC 95%: 2,4 - 5,9) e trabalho de alta exigência (RR: 1,9; IC 95%: 1,1 - 3,3). Conclusão verifica-se ser necessária a priorização dos trabalhadores da saúde em ações de vigilância em ambientes de trabalho e programas voltados à prevenção dos acidentes como compromisso da área de saúde do trabalhador no Sistema Único de Saúde. graves transversal exploratório baianos descritivas multivariadas 34 3 4 3,4% 1 RR (RR 2,06 206 2 06 95% 95 12 1, 3,4, 3,4 , 3,4) 1,8 18 8 95%1,12,8, 951128 2,8 95%:1,1-2,8) 1,22,8, 1228 1,2-2,8) 3,7 37 7 24 2, 5,9 59 5 9 1,9 11 3,3. 3,3 . 3,3) verificase verifica se Saúde 2,0 20 0 3, 95%1,12,8 95112 28 95%:1,1-2,8 22 1,22,8 122 1,2-2,8 5, 95%1,12, 9511 95%:1,1-2, 1,22, 1,2-2, 95%1,12 951 95%:1,1-2 1,22 1,2-2 95%1,1 95%:1,1- 1,2- 95%1, 95%:1,1 95%1 95%:1, 95%:1

Abstract The increase in the number of Brazilian protected areas has been progressive and, although it is essential for the conservation of biodiversity, it is important to monitor and properly manage these areas, as they present several cases of biological invasions. The Lençóis Maranhenses constitute the peculiar delta of the Americas and are under the consequences of the bioinvasion of tilapias and peacock bass. Collections were carried out in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park from March/2016 to November/2020, with the aid of gill nets and cast nets. The species were identified with the help of specialized literature and a historical comparison with previous works was carried out. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I was sequenced to confirm identification of non-native species. We recorded the expansion of the occurrence of Oreochromis niloticus, and the first record of the species Oreochromis mossambicus and Cichla monoculus. A total of 31 species belonging to eight orders, eighteen families and twenty-nine genera were identified, indicating a lag in the diversity of species found in relation to previous studies. After 20 years of the first record of invasive fish, there is an expansion of bioinvasion and new cases that indicate a lack of monitoring and containment measures for the species, indicating the fragility of conservation in the area biodiversity invasions bass March2016 March 2016 March/201 November2020 November 2020 November/2020 nonnative non native niloticus monoculus 3 orders twentynine twenty nine studies 2 fish March201 201 March/20 November202 202 November/202 March20 March/2 November20 November/20 March2 March/ November2 November/2 November/

Resumo O aumento do número de áreas protegidas brasileiras tem sido progressivo e, embora seja essencial para a conservação da biodiversidade, é importante o monitoramento e o manejo adequado dessas áreas, já que apresentam diversos casos de invasões biológicas. Os Lençóis Maranhenses constituem o peculiar delta das Américas e estão sob as consequências da bioinvasão de tilápias e tucunarés. Foram realizadas coletas no Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses no período de março/2016 a novembro/2020, com o auxílio de redes de emalhe e tarrafas. As especies foram identificadas com o auxilio de literatura especializada e uma comparacao historica com trabalhos anteriores foi realizada. O Citocromo oxidase subunidade I foi sequenciado para confirmar a identificação das espécies não nativas. Registramos a expansão da ocorrência de Oreochromis niloticus, e o primeiro registro das espécies Oreochromis mossambicus e Cichla monoculus. Um total de 31 espécies pertencentes a oito ordens, dezoito famílias e vinte e nove gêneros foram identificadas, indicando uma defasagem na diversidade de espécies encontradas em relação a estudos anteriores. Após 20 anos do primeiro registro de peixes invasores, constata-se a expansão da bioinvasão e novos casos que assinalam ausência de monitoramento e de medidas de contenção para as espécies indicando a fragilidade na conservação da área biodiversidade biológicas tucunarés março2016 março 2016 março/201 novembro2020 novembro 2020 novembro/2020 tarrafas realizada nativas niloticus monoculus 3 ordens 2 invasores constatase constata se março201 201 março/20 novembro202 202 novembro/202 março20 março/2 novembro20 novembro/20 março2 março/ novembro2 novembro/2 novembro/

Abstract Aim The present study investigated the influence of environmental variables on macrobenthic fauna in the Achenkovil River, Southern Western Ghats, Kerala. The knowledge of aquatic ecosystems in many remote areas is very scanty and no one has yet made an attempt to study the macrobenthic fauna of Achenkovil river. Since, macrobenthos play an important role in the benthic community structure a better knowledge of their ecology and distributional patterns in remote freshwater ecosystems would be of great interest for a better understanding of their functioning. Methods A bimonthly sampling was conducted from February 2019 to January 2020. Water samples for physicochemical analysis were carried to the laboratory in clean polyethylene bottles. The macrobenthic fauna was collected using Van Veen grab (0.025m2). Multivariate statistical technique such as Principal Component Analysis was used to monitor the variation in environmental parameters. The diversity of macrobenthic fauna was studied using Simpson_1-D, Shannon_H, Evenness_e^H/S, and Margalef’s indices. We analyzed the relationship between environmental variables and macrobenthic fauna, using Canonical Correlation Analysis and Pearson correlation. Results A total of 3563 individuals belonging to 9 orders, 32 families, 32 genera, and 32 species were identified. The most dominant order was Ephemeroptera followed by Coleoptera and Trichoptera and the least dominant was Zygoptera. The maximum number of macrobenthic fauna was observed in station 1(S1), (1461 Ind/m2) and the least in station 9 (S9), (37 Ind/m2). Station 1 (S1) is a pristine forest area, so this area is considered the reference site. The macrobenthic fauna in the pristine headwater forests (S1) was much more diverse than in the river mouth (S9) which is a highly impacted region. This region is facing various kinds of anthropogenic stress resulting in pollution and deterioration of water quality. The macrobenthic community structure in the Achenkovil River was significantly associated to the variations in water quality due to various natural as well as anthropogenic stresses. Conclusions It can be concluded that Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, and Trichoptera were the most dominant groups in the undisturbed habitats in the river during the study period. The predominance of Chironomidae species, especially from the Chironomus genus in the midstream and downstream segments of the river is possibly due to their ability to adapt to various environmental conditions or habitats and their tolerance to the low oxygen content in anoxic conditions of the bottom sediment. The lowest abundance of macrobenthos at all the studied stations was observed at station 9 (S9) during dry seasons. S9 is a highly impacted region, characterized by high temperature, turbidity, TDS, pH, conductivity, nitrate, and phosphate values. For this reason, anthropogenic stress and changing environmental conditions are the main factors affecting the distribution of the macrobenthic fauna of the Achenkovil River basin, Kerala. Ghats Kerala Since functioning 201 2020 bottles 0.025m2. 0025m2 m 0.025m2 . 0 025m2 (0.025m2) parameters Simpson_1D, Simpson1D SimpsonD Simpson_1 D, Simpson D Simpson_1-D ShannonH Shannon H Shannon_H EvennesseHS Evenness e S Evenness_e^H/S Margalefs Margalef s indices correlation 356 orders 3 families genera identified Zygoptera 1S1, 1S1 S1 , 1(S1) 1461 (146 Ind/m2 Indm2 Indm Ind m2 S9, 37 (3 Ind/m2. (S1 site (S9 stresses period sediment seasons temperature turbidity TDS pH conductivity nitrate values reason basin 20 202 0025m 0.025m 025m (0.025m2 1D Simpson_1D Simpson1 Simpson_ 35 1S 1(S1 146 (14 Ind/m ( (S 2 (0.025m 1(S 14 (1

Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo investigou a influência de variáveis ambientais na fauna macrobêntica no rio Achenkovil, Southern Western Ghats, Kerala. O conhecimento dos ecossistemas aquáticos em muitas áreas remotas é muito escasso e ninguém ainda fez uma tentativa de estudar a fauna macrobentônica do rio Achenkovil. Uma vez que os macrobenthos desempenham um papel importante na estrutura da comunidade bentônica, um melhor conhecimento de sua ecologia e padrões de distribuição em ecossistemas remotos de água doce seria de grande interesse para uma melhor compreensão de seu funcionamento. Métodos Foram realizadas coletas bimensais de fevereiro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020. As amostras de água para análises físico-químicas foram levadas ao laboratório em frascos de polietileno limpos. A fauna macrobentônica foi coletada usando garrafa de Van Veen (0,025m2). A técnica estatística multivariada, como a Análise de Componentes Principais, foi utilizada para monitorar a variação dos parâmetros ambientais. A diversidade da fauna macrobêntica foi estudada usando os índices Simpson_1-D, Shannon_H, Evenness_e^H/S e Margalef. Analisou-se a relação entre as variáveis ambientais e a fauna macrobêntica, utilizando a Análise de Correlação Canônica e a Correlação de Pearson. Resultados Foram identificados 3.563 indivíduos pertencentes a 9 ordens, 32 famílias, 32 gêneros e 32 espécies. A ordem mais dominante foi Ephemeroptera seguida por Coleoptera e Trichoptera e a menos dominante foi Zygoptera. O número máximo de fauna macrobentônica foi observado na estação 1(S1), (1461 Ind/m2) e o menor na estação 9 (S9), (37 Ind/m2). A Estação 1 (S1) é uma área de floresta intocada, portanto esta área é considerada o local de referência. A fauna macrobentônica nas florestas virgens da cabeceira (S1) foi muito mais diversa do que na foz do rio (S9), que é uma região altamente impactada. Esta região enfrenta vários tipos de estresse antropogênico, resultando em poluição e deterioração da qualidade da água. A estrutura da comunidade macrobentônica no rio Achenkovil foi significativamente associada às variações na qualidade da água devido a vários estresses naturais e antrópicos Conclusões Pode-se concluir que Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera e Trichoptera foram os grupos mais dominantes nos habitats não perturbados no rio durante o período de estudo. A predominância de espécies de Chironomidae, principalmente do gênero Chironomus nos segmentos médio e jusante do rio, possivelmente se deve à sua capacidade de adaptação a diversas condições ambientais ou habitats e sua tolerância ao baixo teor de oxigênio em condições anóxicas do sedimento de fundo. A menor abundância de macrobentos em todas as estações estudadas foi observada na estação 9 (S9) durante as estações secas. S9 é uma região altamente impactada, caracterizada por alta temperatura, turbidez, TDS, pH, condutividade, nitratos e valores de fosfato. Por esta razão, o estresse antropogênico e a mudança das condições ambientais são os principais fatores que afetam a distribuição da fauna macrobentônica da bacia do rio Achenkovil, Kerala. Ghats Kerala bentônica funcionamento 201 2020 físicoquímicas físico químicas limpos 0,025m2. 0025m2 m 0,025m2 . 0 025m2 (0,025m2) multivariada Principais Simpson_1D, Simpson1D SimpsonD Simpson_1 D, Simpson D Simpson_1-D ShannonH Shannon H Shannon_H EvennesseHS Evenness S Margalef Analisouse Analisou Pearson 3563 3 563 3.56 ordens famílias Zygoptera 1S1, 1S1 S1 , 1(S1) 1461 (146 Ind/m2 Indm2 Indm Ind m2 S9, 37 (3 Ind/m2. (S1 intocada referência impactada Podese Pode Chironomidae fundo (S9 secas temperatura turbidez TDS pH condutividade fosfato razão 20 202 0025m 0,025m 025m (0,025m2 1D Simpson_1D Simpson1 Simpson_ 356 56 3.5 1S 1(S1 146 (14 Ind/m ( (S 2 (0,025m 35 5 3. 1(S 14 (1