SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods bring along biological, psychological, and social changes that could affect women's sexual health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genital self-image on sexual satisfaction and stress in women who had a vaginal delivery. METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted online between June and September 2023 by using snowball sampling and the data collection forms prepared in the GoogleDocs program. Women who had a normal vaginal delivery were included, were within 6 weeks to 1 year postpartum, were able to use at least one of the social media networks (e-mail, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram), and volunteered to participate in the research. Data were collected through the Personal Information Form, the "Female Genital Self-Image Scale," the "Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction," and the "Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised." RESULTS: The average age of the participating women was 30.54±5.83 years (n=235). The participants’ mean scores were 18.94±2.92 for the Female Genital Self-Image Scale, 40.07±15.51 for the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction, and 8.85±8.50 for the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised total. A statistically significant and negative relationship was found between Female Genital Self-Image Scale and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised total scores (r=-0.183, p<0.01; r=-0.387, p<0.01). Regression analysis (forward) was performed, and genital self-image was found to be the predictive factor affecting sexual satisfaction and stress. CONCLUSION: This study found that women had a medium level of genital self-image and sexual satisfaction and a low level of sexual distress. OBJECTIVE Pregnancy childbirth biological psychological womens s health selfimage self image METHODS crosssectional cross sectional 202 program included email, email e mail, mail (e-mail WhatsApp Facebook Instagram, Instagram , Instagram) research Form SelfImage Self Image GolombokRust Golombok Rust ScaleRevised. ScaleRevised Revised. Revised Scale-Revised. RESULTS 3054583 30 54 5 83 30.54±5.8 n=235. n235 n n=235 . 235 (n=235) participants 1894292 18 94 2 92 18.94±2.9 40071551 40 07 15 51 40.07±15.5 885850 8 85 50 8.85±8.5 r=0.183, r0183 r r= 0.183, 0 183 (r=-0.183 p<0.01 p001 p 01 r=0.387, r0387 0.387, 387 r=-0.387 p<0.01. p<0.01) forward (forward performed CONCLUSION distress 20 305458 3 30.54±5. n23 n=23 23 (n=235 189429 9 18.94±2. 4007155 4 40.07±15. 88585 8.85±8. r=0.183 r018 0183 0.183 (r=-0.18 p<0.0 p00 r=0.387 r038 0387 0.387 38 r=-0.38 30545 30.54±5 n2 n=2 (n=23 18942 18.94±2 400715 40.07±15 8858 8.85±8 r=0.18 r01 018 0.18 (r=-0.1 p<0. p0 r=0.38 r03 038 0.38 r=-0.3 3054 30.54± n= (n=2 1894 18.94± 40071 40.07±1 885 8.85± r=0.1 r0 0.1 (r=-0. p<0 r=0.3 03 0.3 r=-0. 305 30.54 (n= 189 18.94 4007 40.07± 88 8.85 r=0. 0. (r=-0 p< r=-0 30.5 (n 18.9 400 40.07 8.8 r=0 (r=- r=- 30. 18. 40.0 8. (r= 40. (r

Abstract The National Institute of Biodiversity of Costa Rica (INBio), the first institution of its kind worldwide, was created in 1989 as a civil society organization, with the mission of promoting greater awareness of the value of biodiversity, to achieve its conservation and promote human development. It operated within the framework of a national biodiversity conservation strategy consisting of three types of actions: “save, know and use”, forming a publicprivate alliance with the National System of Conservation Areas, whose work represented the first step of “saving”. INBio focused on the generation of scientific knowledge of Costa Rican biodiversity (knowing) and the search and promotion of its intelligent use (using). This article describes the genesis of the institution and its main contributions to the knowledge and use of Costa Rican biodiversity between 1989-2015. These include the results of the protected areas biodiversity inventory process and the development of the largest systematic collection of biological specimens in the country’s history, fully systematized; the development of an information management system that integrated all the information from the inventory and the specimens in its collection in digital format, allowing global access to this information or its correlation with that of other sources. The results of promoting and facilitating the use of information through five programs: Natural Sciences and Conservation Biology, for scientific purposes; Bioliteracy and Education, conceptually designed for the teaching and development of awareness about the value of biodiversity; Bioprospecting, the systematic search for economic uses of biodiversity for medicinal, agricultural and industrial purposes; Conservation for Development, the use of the information for wild areas conservation purposes, surrounding communities or nature tourism, among others; Technical Assistance and Training, program in charge of assisting public and private entities, inside and outside the country, in the development of initiatives in which Biodiversity was the central element. The main results of its work and the national and international awards that INBio received for its innovative approaches and contributions are described, as well as the financial and political reasons why INBio discontinued its activities in the period 2015-2016 are summarized. Viewing the work of INBio as a first stage, the importance and need to continue with a state program on the knowledge and use of Costa Rican biodiversity is raised, in addition to its protection, with the goal of creating awareness of its value before the serious threats to life on Earth.

Resumen El Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad de Costa Rica (INBio), la primera institución en su género en el mundo, fue creado en 1989 como una organización de la sociedad civil, con la misión expresa de promover una mayor conciencia del valor de la biodiversidad, para lograr su conservación y fomentar el desarrollo humano. En el marco de una estrategia nacional de conservación de la biodiversidad consistente en tres tipos de acciones: “salvar, conocer y utilizar”, se conformó una alianza público-privada con el Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación, cuya labor representó el primer paso de “salvar”. El INBio se centró en la generación de conocimiento científico de la biodiversidad costarricense (el “conocer”) y en la búsqueda y promoción de su uso inteligente (el “usar”). Este artículo describe la génesis de la institución y sus principales aportes al conocimiento y la utilización de la biodiversidad costarricense en el período 1989-2015. Estos incluyen los resultados del proceso de inventario de la biodiversidad de las áreas protegidas y el desarrollo de la colección sistemática de especímenes biológicos más grande en la historia del país, totalmente sistematizada; el desarrollo de un sistema de manejo de información que integró en formato digital toda la información del inventario y de los especímenes de su colección, permitiendo el acceso global a estos datos o su correlación con la de otras fuentes. Los resultados de la promoción y la facilitación del uso de la información se lograron mediante cinco programas: Ciencias Naturales y Biología de la Conservación, con fines científicos; Bioalfabetización y Educación, conceptualmente diseñados para la enseñanza y el desarrollo de la conciencia del valor de la biodiversidad; Bioprospección, la búsqueda sistemática de usos económicos de la biodiversidad para fines medicinales, agrícolas e industriales; Conservación para el Desarrollo, el empleo de la información para la conservación de áreas silvestres, comunidades circunvecinas o turismo naturalista, entre otros; y Asistencia Técnica y Capacitación, programa encargado de asistir a entidades públicas y privadas, dentro y fuera del país, en el desarrollo de iniciativas en que la biodiversidad fuera el elemento central. Se describen los principales resultados de su labor y los reconocimientos nacionales e internacionales que el INBio recibió por sus novedosos enfoques y aportes, al igual que se resumen las razones de carácter financiero y político por las cuales el INBio descontinuó sus actividades en el período 2015-2016. Vista la labor del INBio como una primera etapa, se plantea la importancia y necesidad de continuar con un programa estatal sobre el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad costarricense, en adición a su protección, con el fin último de que exista conciencia de su valor ante las serias amenazas para la vida en el planeta.

Resumen Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de una secuencia didáctica, incorporando la utilización de la etimología de conceptos biológicos taxonómicos en la adquisición de conocimientos sobre la fauna nativa chilena. Metodología. Para ello se aplicó, antes y después de implementar la secuencia en forma remota, la técnica de conceptualización breve (one minute paper), el instrumento de autoevaluación metacognitiva Knowledge and Prior Study Inventory (KPSI), un test de conocimientos y preguntas abiertas, a 42 estudiantes que cursaban tercer año de enseñanza media. Resultados. Del análisis de los resultados se obtuvo un valor de diversidad léxica (TTR) de 0,398 y 0,421 antes y después de la intervención respectivamente. Además, se detectaron diferencias significativas (p < 0.001) en el nivel de conocimiento del estudiantado previo (8,5 puntos) y posterior (11,4 puntos) a la implementación didáctica. Ello sugiere que el uso de la etimología de conceptos biológicos taxonómicos contribuyó a que el estudiantado incrementara su vocabulario y nivel de conocimiento sobre la fauna nativa chilena, al incorporar a su acervo cognitivo las características propias de estos animales y fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades científicas como la comprensión profunda de conceptos y la deducción; además de promover el interés y la motivación por la conservación de esta fauna y su entorno. Conclusión. Se concluye que es aconsejable la incorporación de la etimología de manera sistemática en la enseñanza de diferentes temáticas biológicas en la Educación Media, ya que esto contribuye a incrementar la alfabetización científica del estudiantado secundario.

Resumo Objetivo. Avaliar o impacto de uma sequência didática, incorporando o uso da etimologia de conceitos taxonômicos biológicos na aquisição de conhecimento sobre a fauna nativa chilena. Metodologia. Para isso, antes e depois de implementar a sequência remotamente, a técnica de conceituação breve (papel de um minuto), o instrumento de autoavaliação metacognitiva Knowledge and Prior Study Inventory (KPSI), um teste de conhecimento e perguntas abertas foram aplicados a 42 alunos que foram no terceiro ano do ensino médio. Resultados. A partir da análise dos resultados, obteve-se um valor de diversidade lexical (TTR) de 0,398 e 0,421 antes e após a intervenção, respectivamente. Além disso, foram detectadas diferenças significativas (p < 0,001) no nível de conhecimento dos alunos antes (8,5 pontos) e após (11,4 pontos) a aplicação didática. Isso sugere que o uso da etimologia dos conceitos taxonômicos biológicos contribuiu para que os alunos aumentassem seu vocabulário e nível de conhecimento sobre a fauna nativa chilena, incorporando as características desses animais em sua herança cognitiva; estimular o desenvolvimento de habilidades científicas como compreensão profunda de conceitos e dedução; além de promover o interesse e motivação para a conservação desta fauna e seu ambiente. Conclusão. Conclui-se que é aconselhável incorporar sistematicamente a etimologia no ensino das diferentes disciplinas biológicas no Ensino Médio, uma vez que contribui para aumentar a literacia científica dos alunos do ensino secundário.

Abstract Objective. Evaluate the impact of a didactic sequence, incorporating the use of the etymology of biological taxonomic concepts in the acquisition of knowledge about the Chilean native fauna. Methodology. To carry this out, the brief conceptualization technique (one-minute paper), the metacognitive self-assessment scale instrument known as the Knowledge and Prior Study Inventory (KPSI), a knowledge test, as well as an open question test were applied to 42 third year high-school students, before and after implementing the sequence remotely. Results. From the analysis of the results, a lexical diversity value (TTR) of 0.398 and 0.421 was obtained before and after the intervention, respectively. On the other hand, significant differences (p < 0.001) in the students´ level of knowledge were detected before (8.5 points) and after (11.4 points) the didactic implementation. This suggests that the use of the etymology of biological taxonomic concepts contributed to the students’ increase in vocabulary and level of knowledge about the Chilean native fauna by incorporating the characteristics of these animals into their cognitive repertoire, promoting the development of scientific skills such as deep understanding of concepts and deduction, in addition to encouraging interest and motivation in the conservation of this fauna and its environment. Conclusion. It can be concluded that it is advisable to incorporate etymology systematically in the teaching of different biological subjects at high-school level, since it contributes to increasing the scientific literacy of secondary students.

Resumo O Seybouse é um rio no nordeste da Argélia, é o segundo maior rio, tem uma área de captação de cerca de 6.500 km2 que acolhe cerca de 1,5 milhões de habitantes. Importantes atividades agrícolas e industriais são desenvolvidas nesta bacia hidrográfica. O uso de macroinvertebrados bentônicos como indicadores biológicos tem uma longa tradição em países desenvolvidos e está integrado em todas as avaliações da qualidade ecológica dos sistemas fluviais. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar o inventário e o papel ecológico dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos nas águas interiores do rio Seybouse e determinar o impacto da poluição em suas distribuições. Resultados semelhantes foram relatados para outros países e rios argelinos. Este estudo enfoca a macrofauna bentônica de Wadi Seybouse e seus afluentes. Foram prospectados 03 locais, um no alto Seybousse Bouhamdane em Medjez Amar e dois no meio Seybousse Salah Salah Salah e Oued Zimba. Entre dezembro de 2019 e maio de 2020, dez parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, CE, DO, velocidade da água, NO3, Salinidade, NO2, MES, turbidez, deth) foram medidos para estabelecer um diagnóstico do estado de saúde desses ecossistemas aquáticos. A abordagem biológica complementar pela análise de populações de macroinvertebrados identificou 7.482 indivíduos e 40 táxons divididos em cinco classes: Crustáceos que são os mais dominantes, Insetos com as ordens principais (Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera e Odonata), Moluscos, Nematóides e Anelídeos. As análises físico-químicas e a aplicação dos índices de poluição orgânica, indicaram uma poluição forte a excessiva para todos os locais especialmente Salah Salah Salah.

Abstract The Seybouse is the second largest river basin in Algeria, hosting an important biodiversity and providing various ecosystem services. This watershed is highly influenced by agricultural and industrial activities, which threaten its biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. The use of benthic macroinvertebrates as biological indicators has a long tradition in developed countries and integrated into all assessments of the ecological quality of river systems. However, the macroinvertebrates of many North African regions are still not well studied, including those of the Seybouse river. The aim of this study is to assess the inventory and ecological role of benthic macroinvertebrates in inland waters of the Seybouse River and determine the impact of pollution on their spatial distributions. We sampled the benthic macrofauna of Wadi Seybouse and its affluents using regular surveys in three sites, of which one was in the upper Seybouse Bouhamdane in Medjez Amar and two in the middle Seybouse. Between December 2019 and May 2020, 10 physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, OD, water speed, NO3, Salinity, NO2, MES, turbidity, depth) were measured in order to establish a health state diagnosis of these aquatic ecosystems. The complementary biological approach by the analysis of populations of macroinvertebrates identified 7482 individuals and 40 taxa divided into five classes: Crustaceans which were the most dominant, insects with the main orders (Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera and Odonata), Molluscs, Nematodes and Annelids. The physico-chemical analyzes and the application of the organic pollution indices indicated a strong to excessive pollution for all sites, especially in Seybouse upstream

ABSTRACT. Variable height is commonly used as an input attribute to estimate other variables. Thus, to ensure less susceptibility to errors, it is necessary to obtain the variable height correctly. In addition to DBH, hypsometric relationships are influenced by several factors, such as site, age, genetic variation, and silvicultural practices. The inclusion of these factors in hypsometric models can lead to a gain in the quality of the estimates and in the biological realism. The objective of this study was to propose and evaluate the performance of a model extracted from artificial neural network training and of new models to estimate the total height of eucalyptus trees. The data used in this study originated from temporary forest inventories conducted in eucalyptus stands in Minas Gerais, Brazil. A multilayer perceptron artificial neural network was trained, and a nonlinear equation was extracted from the best-performing network to predict the total heights of trees. New linear and nonlinear hypsometric models were constructed and fit considering variables related to individual trees (DBH) and stands (plot basal area, age and site index). The new hypsometric models proposed in this study showed satisfactory performance and are effective for estimating the total heights of eucalyptus trees, particularly the model extracted from the artificial neural network and the nonlinear model. ABSTRACT Thus errors correctly DBH variation practices realism Gerais Brazil trained bestperforming best performing (DBH plot area index. index . index)

Abstract Understanding species diversity and distribution cannot be overstated in the development of effective management and biological conservation strategies. Our goal was to address the knowledge gap regarding dragonfly diversity in the northeastern Atlantic Forest, specifically in the Serra of Itabaiana National Park in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. During our study, we recorded 40 species and 969 Odonata individuals across six families and 25 genera. This study contributes 27 new occurrence records of Odonata species in Sergipe, Brazil, highlighting the significance of preserving and protecting the habitats of this region. Our findings provide valuable information on the distribution of dragonfly species in the state of Sergipe and the Northeast region. strategies Forest Brazil 4 96 2 genera region 9

Resumo A compreensão da diversidade e distribuição das espécies é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de estratégias efetivas de manejo e conservação biológica. Nosso objetivo foi abordar a lacuna de conhecimento sobre a diversidade de libélulas na Mata Atlântica nordestina, especificamente na Serra do Parque Nacional de Itabaiana, no estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Durante nosso estudo, registramos 40 espécies e 969 indivíduos de Odonata em seis famílias e 25 gêneros. Este estudo contribui com 27 novos registros de ocorrência de espécies de Odonata em Sergipe, Brasil, destacando a importância de preservar e proteger os habitats desta região. Nossos resultados fornecem informações valiosas sobre a distribuição das espécies de libélulas no estado de Sergipe e na região Nordeste. biológica nordestina Itabaiana Brasil 4 96 2 gêneros Nordeste 9

Jun N-terminal kinase pathway-associated phosphatase (JKAP) regulates CD4+ T-cell differentiation and immunity, which are linked to mental disorders. This study aimed to explore the relationships between JKAP and T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) ratio, as well as their associations with anxiety and depression in postpartum women. Serum JKAP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and blood Th17 and Treg cells were measured by flow cytometry in 250 postpartum women. Anxiety and depression were evaluated by the 6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI6) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Anxiety and depression rates were 22.0 and 28.4%, respectively, among postpartum women. Notably, JKAP was negatively associated with the STAI6 (P=0.002) and EPDS scores (P<0.001) in postpartum women and was lower in postpartum women with anxiety (P=0.023) or depression (P=0.002) than in those without. Moreover, JKAP was inversely related to Th17 cells and Th17/Treg ratio but positively correlated with Treg cells in postpartum women (all P<0.001). Interestingly, Th17 cells and Th17/Treg ratio were both positively associated with STAI6 and EPDS scores in postpartum women (all P<0.001). Furthermore, Th17 cells and Th17/Treg ratio were lower in postpartum women with anxiety or depression than in those without (all P<0.01). Nevertheless, Treg cells were not linked to anxiety or depression in postpartum women. JKAP was negatively associated with Th17 cells and Th17/Treg ratio; moreover, they all related to anxiety and depression in postpartum women, indicating that JKAP may be involved in postpartum anxiety and depression via interactions with Th17 cells. Nterminal N terminal pathwayassociated pathway (JKAP CD4 CD Tcell cell immunity disorders 1 Th17/regulatory Th17regulatory Thregulatory /regulatory regulatory Th (Treg enzymelinked enzyme Th1 25 6item item 6 StateTrait State Trait STAI (STAI6 EPDS. . (EPDS) 220 22 0 22. 284 28 4 28.4% respectively Notably P=0.002 P0002 P 002 (P=0.002 P<0.001 P0001 001 (P<0.001 P=0.023 P0023 023 (P=0.023 Moreover Th17Treg ThTreg P<0.001. P<0.001) Interestingly Furthermore P<0.01. P001 P<0.01 01 P<0.01) Nevertheless moreover 2 (STAI (EPDS 28.4 P=0.00 P000 00 (P=0.00 P<0.00 (P<0.00 P=0.02 P002 02 (P=0.02 P00 P<0.0 28. P=0.0 (P=0.0 (P<0.0 P0 P<0. P=0. (P=0. (P<0. P<0 P=0 (P=0 (P<0 P< P= (P= (P< (P

Abstract: In the city of Temuco, Chile, the importance of urban wetlands has been recognized with the legal declaration of two key ecosystems: Humedal Vegas de Chivilcán and Humedales de Antumalén. This paper presents an inventory of birds in these wetlands, following the Darwin Core standard, and compares the results with other selected inventories in Chile. Observations were made using point counts and 21-hour transects. A total of 50 species from 26 families and 15 orders were identified, with a predominance of native species. Fourteen species were found in both wetlands, 20 exclusively in Chivilcán and 15 in Antumalén. Comparison with other studies revealed significant differences in bird composition between urban and peri-urban habitats, illustrating that urban habitats maintain a unique diversity distinct from that of peri-urban areas. The diversity of habitats and the ‘least concern’ status of most species highlight the importance of these wetlands as refuges for avian biodiversity. The structure of the Darwin Core database facilitates their integration with other biodiversity systems, highlighting the need for continued conservation and study of these urban ecosystems. Abstract Temuco Chile ecosystems Antumalén standard 21hour hour 21 transects 5 2 1 identified periurban peri areas least concern systems

Resumen: En la ciudad de Temuco, Chile, se ha reconocido la importancia de los humedales urbanos con la declaración de dos ecosistemas clave: Humedal Vegas de Chivilcán y Humedales de Antumalén. Este trabajo presenta un inventario de aves en estos humedales, siguiendo la norma Darwin Core, y compara los hallazgos con otros inventarios seleccionados en Chile. Las observaciones se realizaron mediante conteos puntuales y transectos durante 21 horas. Se identificaron un total de 50 especies de 26 familias y 15 órdenes, predominando las especies nativas. Catorce especies se encontraron en ambos humedales, 20 eran exclusivas de Chivilcán y 15 de Antumalén. La comparación con otros estudios reveló diferencias significativas en la composición de aves entre hábitats urbanos y periurbanos, mostrando que los hábitats asociados a ciudades mantienen una diversidad singular que difiere de los hábitats periurbanos. La diversidad de hábitats y el estatus de “preocupación menor” de la mayoría de las especies resaltan la importancia de estos humedales como refugios para la biodiversidad aviar. La estructura de la base de datos Darwin Core facilita su integración con otros sistemas de biodiversidad, subrayando la necesidad de continuar con la conservación y el estudio de estos ecosistemas urbanos. Resumen Temuco Chile clave Antumalén 2 horas 5 1 órdenes nativas periurbanos preocupación menor aviar

OBJECTIVE: Melatonin plays a role in many biological and physiological events. There are studies in the literature relating melatonin levels to many psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum melatonin levels with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation in suicide patients. METHODS: The study was conducted prospectively with volunteer patients aged 20–50 years who were admitted to the emergency department after a suicide attempt. The social and occupational status, educational levels, marital status, and stressor factors of patients were questioned. Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation were applied to each patient included in the study. Blood melatonin levels were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 23.00 statistical program. Descriptive values were expressed by the number of cases (n), percentage (%), median (interquartile range), and mean±standard deviation. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the distribution of continuous variables, and the Pearson or Spearman correlation test was used to assess the relationship between disease severity and melatonin level. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation was found between melatonin level and the Beck Depression Inventory score (r=-0.098, p=0.44). However, a statistically weak, inverse, and significant correlation was discovered between melatonin levels and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation score (r=-0.465, p=0.00). CONCLUSION: According to our results, it was determined that there was a significant negative relationship between melatonin level and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation scoring. OBJECTIVE events schizophrenia disorder METHODS 2050 20 50 20–5 attempt status questioned enzymelinked enzyme linked method 2300 23 00 23.0 program n, n , (n) %, % (%) interquartile range, range range) meanstandard mean standard deviation KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov variables p005 p 0 05 p<0.0 RESULTS r=0.098, r0098 r r= 0.098, 098 (r=-0.098 p=0.44. p044 p=0.44 . 44 p=0.44) However weak inverse r=0.465, r0465 0.465, 465 (r=-0.465 p=0.00. p000 p=0.00 p=0.00) CONCLUSION results scoring 205 2 5 20– 230 23. (n (% p00 p<0. r=0.098 r009 0098 0.098 09 (r=-0.09 p04 p=0.4 4 r=0.465 r046 0465 0.465 46 (r=-0.46 p=0.0 ( p0 p<0 r=0.09 r00 009 0.09 (r=-0.0 p=0. r=0.46 r04 046 0.46 (r=-0.4 p< r=0.0 r0 0.0 (r=-0. p=0 r=0.4 04 0.4 r=0. 0. (r=-0 p= r=0 (r=- (r= (r

Abstract Beyond the cultural and historical richness that identifies Cuetzalan and Tlatlauquitepec, there is the biological diversity it houses. The dominant type of vegetation is the cloud forest, which is at risk of disappearing due to the transformation to land cultivation, coffee plantations, and tourism, causing the extirpation of the species that live there, such as ferns, lycopods, and lichens. This study aimed to document the lichen richness species of cloud forest; we conducted field trips and opportunistic non-quantitative recollections. We identified 110 lichen species in 52 genera. Most of the species were crustose lichens (38%) and foliose lichens (51%). The genus Parmotrema was mesodiverse with 23 species, while 33 genera were monospecific in presenting only one species each, such as Bacidia, Baeomyces, Bulbothrix, Dermatocarpon, and Teloschistes. We report to Allographa chlorocarpa, A. rufopallida, Leucodermia guzmaniana, and Pyxine pyxinoides that had not previously been recorded in the Puebla state. Instead of the results obtained, there is still much work to inventory the lichen thoroughly. It is necessary to design effective strategies in which lichens are included in priority areas for conservation since they are an important component of ecosystems.

Resumen Más allá de la riqueza cultural e histórica que identifica a Cuetzalan y Tlatlauquitepec, está la diversidad biológica que alberga. El tipo de vegetación dominante es el bosque mesófilo de montaña, el cual se encuentra en riesgo de desaparecer debido a la transformación a tierras de cultivo, plantíos de café y al turismo, lo que provoca la extirpación de las especies que ahí habitan, tales como helechos, licopodios y líquenes. El objetivo de este estudio fue documentar la riqueza liquénica del bosque mesófilo de montaña para lo cual se hicieron recorridos de campo y una recolecta oportunista no cuantitativa. Se identificaron 110 especies de líquenes en 52 géneros. La mayoría de las especies fueron líquenes costrosos (38%) y líquenes foliosos (51% líquenes). El género Parmotrema fue mesodiverso con 23 especies, mientras que 33 géneros fueron monoespecíficos al presentar cada uno de ellos una sola especie, tal es el caso de Bacidia, Baeomyces, Bulbothrix, Dermatocarpon, y Teloschistes. Se reporta a Allographa chlorocarpa, A. rufopallida, Leucodermia guzmaniana y a Pyxine pyxinoides como nuevos registros para el estado de Puebla. A pesar de los resultados obtenidos, aún falta mucho por hacer para completar el inventario de los líquenes. Es necesario diseñar estrategias efectivas en las que se incluya en las áreas prioritarias para la conservación a los líquenes, ya que son un componente importante de los ecosistemas.

Resumo O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar índices de competição dependentes da distância e definir um raio de influência competitiva entre árvores em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica sob recuperação florestal. A área em estudo possui 2,53ha, na qual foi realizado o inventário com intensidade amostral de 15,81%. Avaliaram-se três índices de competição e vinte distâncias para o raio de competição (1, 2, 3... e 20 m). O índice IC3, que relaciona o DAP de árvores competidoras com a aquele da árvore objetivo multiplicado pela distância entre as mesmas somado a uma unidade, se mostrou o mais adequado para representar a competição. Esse índice se correlacionou mais fortemente com os atributos biométricos, apresentou fundamentação biológica e a menor variabilidade com o aumento do raio de competição. Os índices de competição e suas respectivas variabilidades tenderam à estabilização a partir do raio de competição de, aproximadamente, 6 m. Conclui-se que o índice IC3 e o raio de competição de 6m são indicados para análises sobre relações entre a competitividade e aspectos biométricos no local de estudo.

Abstract This research aimed to evaluate distance-dependent competition indices and defining a radius of competitive influence among trees in an Atlantic Forest fragment under forest recovery. The study area has 2.53 ha, in which the inventory was carried out with a sampling intensity of 15.81%. Three competition indices and twenty distances for the competition radius (1, 2, 3... and 20 m) were evaluated. IC3 index, which relates the DBH of competing trees with the target tree multiplied by the distance between them plus one unit, proved to be the most adequate to represent competition. This index was strongly correlated with biometric attributes, having biological support and the lowest variability when increasing the competition radius. Competition indices and their respective variability tended to stabilize from the competition radius at approximately 6 m. It is concluded that IC3 index and 6 m competition radius are suitable when analyzing the relationship between competitiveness and biometric attributes at the study site.

RESUMEN Introducción: Uno de los problemas que se vislumbra después de dos años de pandemia es el deterioro de la salud física y mental del personal de salud que durante la crisis sanitaria vio incrementados los riesgos biológicos y las exigencias laborales. Objetivo: Identificar las condiciones de salud mental y las condiciones laborales del personal médico durante la pandemia. Métodos: Es un estudio transversal en el que se aplica una encuesta en línea que reúne cuatro instrumentos y que indaga las condiciones laborales, Burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), depresión y ansiedad (Inventario de Beck para depresión y ansiedad) en 225 médicos a través de correos electrónicos y redes sociales de febrero a octubre 2021. Para el manejo estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS. El análisis univariado identifica prevalencias y para el análisis bivariado se utilizó ji al cuadrado. Resultados: Se encontraron prevalencias para depresión de 53,8 %, ansiedad de 72,2 % y burnout de 72,4 %. Los conflictos con los pacientes y sus familiares son factores de riesgo para la aparición de ansiedad, depresión y de burnout. Enfermar de COVID-19 juega un papel importante en la aparición de depresión, las secuelas son detonantes de ansiedad y depresión. Para burnout, son la edad y el fallecimiento de un colega. Conclusiones: La pandemia ha producido un incremento en el malestar físico, psíquico y alteraciones de sueño en el personal médico. Los resultados demuestran la precarización del ambiente laboral. Se requieren propuestas institucionales para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y calidad de vida de este grupo de trabajo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the problems that can be glimpsed after two years of pandemic is the deterioration of the physical and mental health in health personnel who, during the health crisis, saw an increment in biological risks and work demand. Objective: To identify the mental health and working conditions of medical personnel during the pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which, online, a survey is applied that gathers four instruments and inquiries about working conditions, Burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), depression and anxiety (Beck Inventory for depression and anxiety) in 225 physicians through e-mails and social networks from February to October 2021. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Univariate analysis identified prevalence and Chi-square was used for bivariate analysis. Results: Prevalence for depression was 53.8%, anxiety 72.2% and burnout 72.4%. Conflicts with patients and their families are risk factors for the appearance of anxiety, depression and burnout. COVID-19 disease plays an important role in the onset of depression, the sequelae are triggers for anxiety and depression. For burnout, they are age and death of a colleague. Conclusions: The pandemic has produced an increase in physical and psychological discomfort and sleep disturbances in medical personnel. The results demonstrate the precariousness of the work environment. Institutional proposals are required to improve the working conditions and quality of life of this work group.

Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is the most common musculoskeletal condition, which can be influenced by nociceptive, psychosocial, cognitive, and affective aspects, causing vulnerabilities and impairing the individual's ability to manage pain. The association of continuous shortwave diathermy (CSWD) with Pilates-based exercises may contribute to reduce pain, depression, and anxiety in patients with CNLBP. A single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed in which 36 patients with CNLBP were divided into a control group that received placebo CSWD and an intervention group that received active CSWD. Both groups received 12 sessions of Pilates-based exercises. Pain, depression, and anxiety variables were evaluated using the McGill questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Visual Analog Anxiety Scale. Assessments were performed at baseline, after three and six weeks of treatment, and at the three-month follow-up. The Shapiro-Wilk test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test, and repeated measures ANOVA, with α=0.05, were used to compare the outcomes, and indicated that active CSWD did not present additional improvement in the assessed variables in CNLBP patients compared to the placebo group. Both groups improved pain and depression at follow-up and reduced anxiety only during Pilates-based exercises. Therefore, only Pilates-based exercises seemed sufficient to manage patients with CNLBP. (CNLBP condition nociceptive psychosocial cognitive aspects individuals individual s (CSWD Pilatesbased Pilates based singleblind single blind 3 1 Pain questionnaire Inventory Scale baseline treatment threemonth month followup. followup follow up. up ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk test Students Student ttest, ttest t t-test MannWhitney Mann Whitney chisquared chi squared ANOVA α005 α 0 05 α=0.05 outcomes Therefore α00 α=0.0 α0 α=0. α=0 α=

Abstract Biodiversity baselines are essential subsidies to evaluate how environmental changes and human impacts affect the special and temporal patterns of communities. This information is paramount to promote proper conservation and management for historically impacted environments such as Guanabara Bay, in southeastern Brazil. Here, we propose an ichthyofaunal baseline for this bay using gathered past data from 1889 to 2020, including literature records, scientific collections, biological sampling, and fisheries landing monitoring. A total of 220 species (203 teleosts and 17 elasmobranchs), distributed in 149 genera (136 teleosts and 13 elasmobranchs) and 72 families (61 teleosts and 11 elasmobranchs) were recorded, including the first record of a tiger-shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in Guanabara Bay. Although the employed sampling effort was sufficient to represent the ichthyofauna in the middle and upper estuary, the Chao2 estimator indicates an even greater richness regarding the bay as a whole. Evidence of reduced abundance and probable local extinction over the decades was found, supporting the importance of implementing management and conservation strategies in the area. The ichthyofaunal distribution analyses revealed that areas close to conservation units are richer compared to their surroundings, indicating that this is an effective strategy to mitigate human impacts in the bay. communities Bay Brazil Here 188 2020 records collections monitoring 22 203 (20 1 elasmobranchs, elasmobranchs , 14 136 (13 7 61 (6 recorded tigershark, tigershark tiger shark, shark tiger-shark cuvier estuary Chao whole found area surroundings 18 202 2 20 (2 (1 6 (

Resumo Esforços de caracterização da biodiversidade são subsídios essenciais para avaliar como mudanças ambientais e impactos antrópicos afetam os padrões espaciais e temporais das comunidades. Essas informações são essenciais para promover conservação e manejo adequados em ambientes historicamente impactados como a Baía de Guanabara, no sudeste do Brasil. Aqui, nós propomos uma linha de referência da ictiofauna dessa baía utilizando dados pretéritos de 1889 a 2020, incluindo registros de literatura, coleções científicas, coletas biológicas e monitoramento de desembarque pesqueiro. Um total de 220 espécies (203 teleósteos e 17 elasmobrânquios), distribuídas em 149 gêneros (136 teleósteos e 13 elasmobrânquios) e 72 famílias (61 teleósteos e 11 elasmobrânquios) foram registradas, incluindo o primeiro registro de tubarão-tigre, Galeocerdo cuvier, na Baía de Guanabara. Apesar do esforço amostral empregado ter sido suficiente para representar a ictiofauna do médio e alto estuário, o estimador Chao2 indicou uma riqueza ainda maior para a baía como um todo. Evidências de redução de abundância e de provável extinção local de táxons ao longo das décadas foram encontradas, corroborando a importância da implantação de medidas de manejo e conservação para a área. A análise da distribuição da ictiofauna revelou que áreas próximas a unidades de conservação são mais ricas em comparação ao seu entorno, indicando que essa é uma estratégia efetiva para mitigar os impactos antrópicos na baía. comunidades Guanabara Brasil Aqui 188 2020 literatura científicas pesqueiro 22 203 (20 1 elasmobrânquios, elasmobrânquios , 14 136 (13 7 61 (6 registradas tubarãotigre, tubarãotigre tubarão tigre, tigre tubarão-tigre cuvier estuário Chao todo encontradas área entorno 18 202 2 20 (2 (1 6 (

Abstract The Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest is considered one of the world biodiversity hotspots, with high levels of endemism. Studies on the myxobiota of Atlantic Rainforest have been carried out mainly in the Northeast region of Brazil but the ground litter microhabitat has only been included in a few of these studies. This study aimed to record the composition and diversity of the myxobiota of the ground litter of Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve and to expanding the knowledge about the microbiota of Atlantic Rainforest. Samples of ground litter were collected at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season and 1,080 moist chambers were mounted. The identification of the specimens obtained were based on a morphological examination. Were obtained 86 specimens, identified, and registered in the UFP herbarium. Plasmodia and/ or sporocarps were recorded in 23.7% of the moist chambers. The inventory resulted in 13 new records for Alagoas raising the number of known species in the state to 61. Perichaena longipes and Stemonitopsis gracilis are registered for the first time in Northeast Brazil and in the Atlantic Rainforest, Macbrideola spinosispora is the first record for Brazil and Licea sp. is likely a new taxon. A key to identify the species occurring in Alagoas is presented, as well as, distribution and comments of the species in Brazil. hotspots endemism studies 1080 1 080 1,08 mounted examination 8 identified herbarium 237 23 7 23.7 61 sp taxon presented 108 08 1,0 2 23. 6 10 0 1,

Resumo A Floresta Atlântica brasileira é considerada um dos hotspots de biodiversidade mundial, com altos níveis de endemismo. Estudos sobre a mixobiota de Floresta Atlântica têm sido realizados principalmente na região Nordeste do Brasil, mas o folhedo de solo foi incluído em poucos desses estudos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi registrar a composição e diversidade da mixobiota do folhedo de solo da Reserva Biológica de Pedra Talhada e expandir o conhecimento sobre a microbiota da Floresta Atlântica. Amostras do folhedo de solo foram coletadas no final da estação seca e início da estação chuvosa e 1.080 câmaras úmidas foram montadas. A identificação e descrição dos espécimes obtidos foram baseadas em análise morfológica. Foram obtidos 86 espécimes, identificados e registrados no Herbário UFP. Plasmódios e/ou esporocarpos foram registrados em 23,7% das câmaras úmidas. O inventário resultou em 13 novos registros para Alagoas, aumentando para 61 o número de espécies conhecidas para o estado. Perichaena longipes e Stemonitopsis gracilis são registrados pela primeira vez no Nordeste e na Floresta Atlântica. Macbrideola spinosispora é o primeiro registro para o Brasil e Licea sp. provavelmente é um novo táxon. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies ocorrentes em Alagoas é apresentada, bem como, comentários e distribuição das espécies no Brasil. mundial endemismo estudos 1080 1 080 1.08 montadas morfológica 8 UFP eou ou 237 23 7 23,7 6 estado sp táxon apresentada como 108 08 1.0 2 23, 10 0 1.