The increase in the average temperature of the Earth due to excess CO2 and other greenhouse gases has caused glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the main causes of this problem, so the use of biofuels is important for mitigating this environmental impact. In Brazil, biodiesel is mixed with mineral; however, irregularities have been detected, reducing the expected positive effects. Therefore, this study proposes the use of multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR ALS) to quantify the content of methyl palm oil biodiesel in diesel blends and determine the concentration of the adulterant automotive lubricating oil in the blend. The model for quantifying biodiesel in diesel obtained R2 = 0.9997, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 0.56% (v v-1) and prediction (RMSEP) = 0.65% (v v-1), while the determination of adulteration in the biodiesel-diesel blend showed RMSEC = 0.67% (v v-1), RMSEP = 0.81% (v v-1) and R2 = 0.9992. These results demonstrate the ability of the models developed to predict both the content and quantity of possible adulterants in blends of palm oil biodiesel and mineral diesel, contributing to the quality control of this fuel. CO rise problem impact Brazil however detected effects Therefore MCR ALS R 09997 0 9997 0.9997 (RMSEC 056 56 0.56 v v1 1 v-1 (RMSEP 065 65 0.65 v1, , biodieseldiesel 067 67 0.67 081 81 0.81 09992 9992 0.9992 fuel 0999 999 0.999 05 5 0.5 v- 06 6 0.6 08 8 0.8 099 99 0.99 0. 09 9 0.9

The present work aims to extract and test cashew nut peel oil as a natural antioxidant in the oxidative stabilization of biodiesel. Therefore, determinations of the ideal time of Soxhlet and thermal extractions, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, and evaluation of the oxidative stability by Rancimat method were carried out. FTIR analyses revealed that the 3rd cycle of extraction was sufficient to extract all the oil, with an average yield of 30.0%. For the thermal extraction of the laboratory technical cashew nut peel oil, the best extraction, based on statistical analysis, was 60 min, yielding 20.0%. The FTIR analysis of the extracted cashew nut peel oil showed characteristic peaks of phenolic groups and organic acids, showing differences in the intensities of the absorption bands. The oxidative stability showed induction period of 8 h 40 min for the hydraulic press extraction, 10 h 35 min for the Soxhlet extraction, and 10 h 65 min for the industrial technical extraction of the cashew nut peel oil. All values were below the 12-h limit established by the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). The technical cashew nut peel oil extracted in the laboratory presented an induction period of 11 h 12 min, close to that recommended by ANP, proving to be a promising natural antioxidant. Cardanol presented satisfactory results with 25 h 22 min, double that suggested by ANP. Thus, cashew nut peel oil showed important and promising results as a natural antioxidant for biodiesel. biodiesel Therefore extractions (FTIR out rd 300 30 0 30.0% 6 200 20 20.0% acids bands 4 1 3 12h Petroleum ANP . (ANP) 2 Thus 30.0 20.0 (ANP 30. 20.

Summary: The castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) is a plant that has dif ferent benefits, such as the production of biodiesel and soil bioremediation. Due to the above, the castor plant’s ability to extract arsenic (As) was evaluated. For this, a randomized block experimental design with four repetitions was carried out. The evaluated treatments consisted of two types of biosolids (oxidation lagoon biosolids (BLO) and activated sludge biosolids (BLA) and four doses of As (0, 25, 50, 100 mg kg-1), under greenhouse conditions. As concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). From the quantification of As, the translocation factor (TF) and the bioaccumulation factor (FB) were estimated. The total nitrogen (N) content was quantified by the combustion method. Phosphorus (P) was analyzed by colorimetry using the metavanadate method, and the content of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) was quantified by atomic absorption. For percentage of oil The Soxhlet method was used in the seed. The plant height and the dry weight of biomass did not vary due to the treatment ef fect (P ≤ 0.05). The Translocation Factor (TF) and the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) registered ranges of 0.20 - 0.63 and 0.28 - 0.75, respectively. The applied doses of As did not af fect the biomass and nutrient absorption in the castor plant, which indicates that this plant species is tolerant to toxicity with productive potential in soils contaminated with this element, in concentrations up to 100 mg kg-1.

Resumen: La higuerilla (Ricinus communis L.) es una planta que tiene diferentes beneficios, como la producción de biodiesel y la biorremediación de suelo. Debido a lo anterior, se evaluó la capacidad de la higuerilla para extraer arsénico (As). Para ello, se realizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos evaluados consistieron en dos tipos de biosólidos (biosólidos de lagunas de oxidación (BLO) y biosólidos de lodos activados (BLA) y cuatro dosis de As (0, 25, 50, 100 mg kg-1), bajo condiciones de invernadero. La concentración de As se determinó por espectrometría de masas por plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS). A partir de la cuantificación de As se estimó el factor de translocación (FT) y el factor de bioacumulación (FB). El contenido de nitrógeno (N) total se cuantifico por el método de combustión. El fósforo (P) se analizó por colorimetría por el método de metavanadato, y el contenido de potasio (K), calcio (Ca), magnesio (Mg), cobre (Cu), manganeso (Mn), hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn) que se cuantificaron por absorción atómica. Para porcentaje de aceite en la semilla se utilizó el método Soxhlet. La altura de planta y el peso seco de biomasa no variaron por efecto de tratamiento (P ≤ 0.05). El Factor de translocación (FT) y el Factor de bioconcentración (FBC) registraron rangos de 0.20 - 0.63 y 0.28 - 0.75, respectivamente. Las dosis aplicadas de As no afectaron la biomasa y absorción de nutrientes en la planta de higuerilla, lo cual indica que esta especie vegetal es tolerante a la toxicidad con potencial productivo en suelos contaminados con este elemento, en concentraciones hasta de 100 mg kg-1.

Abstract Within this academic research article, a bacterium isolated from a marine soil environment near the Mediterranean Sea is observed to possess the potential for producing various fatty acids, particularly n-caproic and oleic acids, as evidenced by FAME profiling. Furthermore, the introduction of glucose into the growth medium enhances the production of caprylic acid rather than caproic acid. The 16S rDNA sequencing suggested that the MZ1 strain belongs to Bacillus subtilis and is closely related to many halophilic species. FAME profiling reveals that the isolated MZ1 is competent in the total production of fatty acids compared to other marine bacterial candidates. Furthermore, the results indicate that MZ1 is efficient in the production of many other fatty acids. This exploration suggests that the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis MZ1 can be used for fatty acids synthesis, which could be valuable for biodiesel production and other applications.

Resumen Dentro de este artículo de investigación académica, se observa que una bacteria aislada de un entorno de suelo marino cerca del mar Mediterráneo posee el potencial de producir diversos ácidos grasos, especialmente los ácidos n-caproico y oleico, según lo evidencia el perfil FAME. Además, la introducción de glucosa en el medio de crecimiento potencia la producción de ácido caprílico en lugar de ácido caproico. La secuenciación del 16S rDNA sugiere que la cepa MZ1 pertenece a Bacillus subtilis y está estrechamente relacionada con muchas especies halófilas. El perfil FAME revela que la cepa MZ1 aislada es competente en la producción total de ácidos grasos en comparación con otros candidatos bacterianos marinos. Además, los resultados indican que MZ1 es eficiente en la producción de muchos otros ácidos grasos. Esta exploración sugiere que la bacteria marina Bacillus subtilis MZ1 puede ser utilizada para la síntesis de ácidos grasos, lo cual podría ser valioso para la producción de biodiesel y otras aplicaciones.

Resumen Lasreacciones de hidrólisispueden ser conducidas utilizando triglicéridoscon diferentes tamaños de cadena carbónica, siendoel ácido acético y etanoico losproductos más comunes, ademásdel glicerol que seríaelproductocomúnencualquierreacción de hidrólisisenlaproducción de biodiesel. Enel caso del aceite de Macaúba, se sospecha que cuando se somete a una reacción de hidrólisis, por ser una mezcla, lostriglicéridos, oleico, palmítico y esteárico probablementeseránlosreactivos de mayorimportancia y consumo enlasreacciones.Deacuerdoconla literatura, se nota una escasez de información acerca de loscompuestos involucrados enlahidrólisis de lasreacciones de aceites vegetales, por lo que ladisponibilidad de datosexperimentales de las moléculas implicadas enlasreaciones de producción de los ácidos grasos y glicerol es escasaenla literatura. Enmuchosestudios se utilizan métodos de contribución de grupos o correlaciones empíricas para predecirlaspropiedades de las moléculas. Así, en este trabajo, se realizóunanálisistermodinámico inicial de lasreacciones que ocurrenenlahidrólisisdel aceite de Macaúba, en especial de la tripalmitina y de la trioleína, enun rango de temperatura de 300 a 700 K. Los parámetrostermodinámicosempleadosen este trabajo, para algunoscompuestos, fueronestimados por métodos disponiblesenla literatura. El cálculo de laenergía de Gibbs de lasreacciones se realizóempleando resultados de entalpía de reacciones encontradas entrabajos anteriores. Finalmente, de posesióndel conjunto de estosparámetros, para lasposiblesreacciones de hidrólisis a ser estudiadas, fueposible estimar laenergía de Gibbsreaccionaria de lasmismas, lo que permitió agregar más informaciónen esta área de estudio.

Abstract Hydrolysis reactions can be carried out using triglycerides with different carbon chain sizes, with acetic acid and ethanoic acid being the most common products, in addition to glycerol which would be the common product in any hydrolysis reaction in the production of biodiesel. In the case of Macaúba oil, it is suspected that when undergoing a hydrolysis reaction, as a mixture, the triglycerides, oleic, palmitic and stearic are likely to be the most important reagents and consumption in the reactions. According to the literature, there is a shortage of information concerning the compounds involved in the hydrolysis of the reactions of vegetable oils, so the availability of experimental data on the molecules involved in the production of the fatty acids and glycerol reactions is scarce in literature. In many studies, methods of group contributions or empirical correlations are used to predict the properties of molecules. Thus, in this work, an initial thermodynamic analysis of the reactions occurring in the hydrolysis of Macaúba oil, especially of tripalmitin and triolein, was performed in a temperature range from 300 to 700 K. The thermodynamic parameters employed in this work, for some compounds, were estimated by methods available in the literature. The calculation of the Gibbs energy of the reactions was done by employing the results of the enthalpy of reactions found in previous works. Finally, from the possession of the set of these parameters, for the possible hydrolysis reactions to be studied, it was possible to estimate the reactionary Gibbs energy of the same, which allowed adding more information in this field of study.

ABSTRACT The depletion of fossil fuels is eminent over time due to its non-renewable nature. The use of biodiesel is a viable option to stop its decline since it is obtained from biomass. Due to the importance of the percentage of biodiesel that can be added without affecting the operation of the MWM International model 6.10T engine coupled to a Worthington vertical deep well pump. This research was developed in the Department of Engineering and Environment, of the Institute of Animal Science. The pumping system used in the water supply for the institute and the community was evaluated. Biodiesel-diesel blends (B-0, B-5, B-10, B-15, B-20, B-25 and B-30) were handled with three rotation frequencies (1350, 1550, 1750 min-1). The hourly consumption (Gh) did not show statistically significant differences in the rotation frequencies 1350 and 1550 min-1, only at 1750 min-1 the highest consumption is obtained when using 30% biodiesel. The specific fuel consumption (ge) at 1750 min-1 showed statistically significant differences only in B-30 and at 1350 min-1 the highest consumption was observed in B-5 and B-30. When the engine is running for 1000 hours of work, the B-20 and B-25 blends obtain the most economically efficient values, with 9 780 and 9 070 pesos, respectively. By studying all the blends analyzed, it can be stated that B-20 and B-25 are the most recommended to use.

RESUMEN El agotamiento de los combustibles fósiles es eminente en el transcurso del tiempo por su carácter no renovable. El uso de biodiesel es una opción viable para frenar su disminución ya que su obtención proviene de la biomasa. Por la importancia que reviste el tema, se requiere determinar el porcentaje de biodiesel que se puede añadir sin afectar el funcionamiento del motor MWM Internacional modelo 6.10T acoplado a una bomba vertical de pozo profundo marca Worthington. La presente investigación se desarrolló en el departamento de Ingeniería y Medio Ambiente, del Instituto de Ciencia Animal. Se evaluó el sistema de bombeo que se usa en el abastecimiento del agua para el instituto y la comunidad. Se manejaron mezclas diésel-biodiesel (B-0, B-5, B-10, B-15, B-20, B-25 y B-30) con tres frecuencias de rotación (1350, 1550, 1750). El consumo horario (Gh) no evidenció diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las frecuencias de rotación 1350 y 1550 min-1, solo en 1750 min-1 se obtiene el consumo más elevado al utilizar el 30% de biodiesel. El consumo específico de combustible (ge) a 1750 min-1 demostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas solo en B-30 y en 1350 min-1 el mayor consumo se observó en B-5 y B-30. Al estar el motor en funcionamiento durante 1 000 h de trabajo, las mezclas B-20 y B-25 obtienen los mejores valores con respecto a la eficiencia económica, con 9 780 y 9 070 peso, respectivamente. Al estudiar todas las mezclas analizadas se puede afirmar que B-20 y B-25 son las más recomendables para utilizar.

Biodiesel is obtained from the alcoholysis of triglycerides and has been used as a renewable alternative to diesel. Though the methanolysis of triglycerides in the presence of MeONa catalyst has been widely used, searching for alternatives that may improve the competitiveness of the production chain is still a challenge. The aim of this work was to evaluate sodium glyceroxide as a catalyst in the methanolysis of soy oil. Sodium glyceroxide was obtained from glycerol and NaOH in ethanol, and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The transesterification reaction was optimized after two sets of experiments based on the Doehlert matrix experimental design. In the first one, the influence of the molar ratio of methanol/triglyceride, and the amount of catalyst (m/m with respect to the triglyceride) were studied. In the second set, the temperature, and the reaction time were studied. The best conditions were found as 12:1 molar ratio, 2% of catalyst, 50 ºC, and 60 min. The conditions were applied in the transesterification of canola and sunflower oils, and tallow. All the biodiesels were obtained with an ester content superior to 98%, free from methanol and triglycerides. Specific mass, viscosity, and pour point were determined and met the international specifications. diesel challenge oil ethanol TGA, TGA , (TGA) Xray X ray XRD (XRD FTIR (FTIR spectroscopy design one methanoltriglyceride triglyceride methanol/triglyceride m/m mm m studied set temperature 121 12 1 12: 2 5 ºC 6 min oils tallow 98 98% mass viscosity specifications (TGA 9

There is a demand for new technologies to replace fossil resources in activities due to environment concerns. In the circular economy, materials to be discarded are reused and reenter to the economy. An alternative for the plastic problem would be preparation of fiber-reinforced plastics from renewable sources. Herein polymeric films were prepared with starch, glycerol and bagasse derivatives. Some characterization techniques were presented to indicate the best applications. It was identified that higher glycerol ratio films are more malleable and have a higher humidity and solubility. The DSC scans for each film shows no increase in glass transition temperature. Biodiesel films are an alternative for the circular economy of waste and the biodiesel industry, since the study proved to be an alternative for the plastics currently used. This work will certainly attract the students’ interest, because the theme is in their daily lives, also bringing the precepts of sustainability and green chemistry. concerns fiberreinforced fiber reinforced sources starch derivatives applications solubility temperature industry used students interest lives chemistry

Austenitic and lean duplex stainless steels, such as AISI 317L and SAF 2304, present high mechanical and corrosion resistance, which make them alternative materials for biodiesel plant equipment. Because there is not sufficient research about these stainless steel-specific applications, this work aims to evaluate AISI 317L and SAF 2304 stainless-steel pitting corrosion resistance in a chloride-containing acidified glycerin solution, collected directly from a biodiesel plant. The SAF 2304 presented a higher pitting potential than the AISI 317L, at room temperature and at service temperature, 337 K. However, the SAF 2304 passive layer was more reactive than the AISI 317L, showing a higher passive current density in the polarization and chronoamperimetric tests. Furthermore, the Mott–Schottky technique showed that the passive layer of the AISI 317L steel contained a lower concentration of defects than the passive layer of the SAF 2304, and the oxides of the passive layers are n-type semiconductors. steels L equipment steelspecific specific applications 230 stainlesssteel chloridecontaining chloride containing solution 33 K However tests Furthermore MottSchottky Mott Schottky ntype n type semiconductors 23 3 2

ABSTRACT To meet environmental standards and sustainability policies, diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends have been investigated as partial replacements for diesel. This study aimed to evaluate the emissions and performance of a diesel engine using a blend of biodiesel and ethanol. Four blends of biodiesel (7, 10, 15, and 20%) and four blends of ethanol (0, 1, 3, and 5%) were used. The power remained stable with the addition of biodiesel but decreased with the addition of ethanol for all blends. The power was reduced from 76 to 74 kW when the ethanol content increased from 0 to 5%. The addition of 1% ethanol increased the maximum torque linearly from 372 to 378 kW. A slight increase in the specific consumption was observed with the use of biodiesel and ethanol in the blend. An increase in the ethanol fraction from 0 to 5% reduced nitrogen oxide emissions, especially at high loads. Ethanol caused a decrease of up to 42% in nitrogen oxide. At high loads, a reduction in carbon monoxide emissions was observed with an increase in the blends of ethanol and biodiesel. Blends of biodiesel and ethanol with concentrations of 20% biodiesel and 5% ethanol are alternatives to diesel in agricultural tractor engines. policies dieselbiodieselethanol 7, 7 (7 10 15 20 0, (0 1 3 5 used 37 loads 42 engines ( 2 4

Abstract The total cost of processes that use lipases can be reduced by using the mycelium or not purified crude extract with lipolytic activity. These catalysts can be used without complex purification and can show desirable properties to emerging applications like hydrolysis and biotransformation of vegetable oils. To explore the potential of multiple forms of lipases (produced by the same filamentous fungus species), this work investigated intracellular and extracellular lipases produced by Trichoderma koningii (intracellular lipases were never studied), Penicillium spp. F02 (isolated from industrial grease trap) and Aspergillus niger. For this, batch fermentations were conducted for 96h using olive oil as a carbon source. The submerged culture was interrupted with vacuum filtration to isolate the mycelium and crude extract. The lipolytic activities were determined by the hydrolysis method of olive oil. The best results were obtained for intracellular activity with T. koningii (81.5 U/g of dry biomass) and for extracellular activity with A. niger (10.6 U/mL of crude extract). Both were attained in 96h of fermentation. T. koningii showed an accumulation of intracellular lipases and a depreciated extracellular activity in the initial 24 hours, which can be reasonable indications that there is strong retention of lipases in the mycelium. Statistical analysis within the range of 37°C to 44°C associated with pH from 7.8 to 8.0 favored the activity of lipases from T. koningii. All these findings are promising for future studies in the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel with lipases (intracellular and extracellular) from T. koningii. oils species, species , species) studied, studied studied) spp F F0 isolated trap h source T 81.5 815 81 5 (81. Ug U g biomass A 10.6 106 10 6 (10. UmL mL . extract) fermentation 2 hours 37C C 37 44C 44 78 7 8 7. 80 0 8. 81. (81 10. 1 (10 3 4 (8 (1 (

Natural additives with antioxidant properties can be used as biodegradable and sustainable alternatives to synthetic products, because they can inhibit the biodiesel oxidation reaction, increasing oxidative stability and extending its storage period. This research evaluated the efficiency of jabuticaba peels, gabiroba leaves, and hibiscus flowers in ethanolic extracts, analyzing through the simplex-centroid design, the induction periods (IP) and rate constants (k) of the biodiesel oxidation reaction at 110 °C. Antioxidant activity was observed in all extracts, either decreasing k or increasing the IP. The mathematical models obtained showed coefficients of determination greater than 0.9400, a non-significant lack of fit at the 5% level, and low dispersion between predicted and experimental data, indicating that the 1st order reaction fit was appropriate and can be used for predictive purposes. In this work, the optimization was performed with maximization of IP and minimization of k showing that the mixture containing 25% of jabuticaba peels extract and 75% of gabiroba leaves extract was the most suitable, because proportionally increased the IP and decreased k of the biodiesel oxidation reaction. It is possible to suggest the use of jabuticaba peels extract or gabiroba leaves extract as well as various combinations between them as antioxidant additives. products period extracts simplexcentroid simplex centroid design (IP (k 11 C °C 09400 0 9400 0.9400 nonsignificant non significant 5 level data st purposes work 25 75 suitable 1 0940 940 0.940 2 7 094 94 0.94 09 9 0.9 0.

For many years, the goal of transitioning from conventional to renewable fuels (bioethanol and biodiesel) has been encouraged by government entities. However, due to the hygroscopicity of ethanol, ethanol/biodiesel blends can accelerate corrosion in metallurgy. Therefore, inhibitors can be added to mitigate corrosion. This research studied the effect of adding ethanol to diesel/biodiesel blends and measured the rate of corrosion on various metals (aluminum, copper, and 304 stainless steel) by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The results indicated the corrosion rate increased with increasing the percentage of ethanol in the blends, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) decreased upon the addition of ethanol. TBHQ was most effective as a corrosion inhibitor in the B15E5 blend. The inhibition efficiency of TBHQ decrease with the increase of the temperature. The adsorption process and the electrochemical parameters were calculated and discussed. years bioethanol biodiesel entities However ethanolbiodiesel metallurgy Therefore dieselbiodiesel diesel aluminum, aluminum (aluminum copper 30 steel EIS (EIS method tertbutylhydroquinone tert butylhydroquinone (TBHQ BE B E B15E blend temperature discussed 3

A method for determining Cd, Cr, Cu, and Fe in biodiesel samples is proposed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) after extraction induced by emulsion breaking (EIEB). A volume of 7.0 mL of biodiesel and an aliquot of 500 µL of Triton X-100 solution (2%, v v-1) prepared in nitric acid were used to prepare the emulsion. After 5 min of manual agitation, phase separation was performed by centrifugation for 5 min at 2000 rpm. A 100 µL aliquot of the enriched aqueous phase was collected and applied to the center of a filter paper. After drying, the analysis was performed directly on the paper using EDXRF. The detection limits were 60, 20, 30, and 60 μg kg-1 for Cd, Cr, Cu, and Fe, respectively. Recovery tests were performed by adding 450 μg kg-1 of the analytes in biodiesel samples, and the results varied between 87 and 113%. The procedure was applied to biodiesel samples, and the concentrations obtained for the four analytes were compared with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) after sample digestion. Cd Cr Cu Xray X ray EDXRF (EDXRF EIEB. EIEB . (EIEB) 70 7 0 7. 50 X100 X-10 2%, 2 (2% v1 1 v-1 agitation 200 rpm 10 drying 20 30 6 kg1 kg kg- respectively 45 8 113 113% ICP OES digestion (EIEB X10 X-1 2% (2 v- 3 4 11 X1 X- (

ABSTRACT Canola has considerable global significance in edible oil and biodiesel production. In Brazil, canola has adapted to the temperate South region, where production is now concentrated. However, research indicates potential for growing the crop in warmer regions. This study evaluated the performance of canola hybrids under growing conditions in the Campo das Vertentes mesoregion, Minas Gerais, during the 2019 and 2021 harvests. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block 6 × 6 factorial design, with four replicates. Six canola hybrids, Hyola 433, Hyola 575 CL, Nuola 300, Hyola 571 CL, Diamond, and ALHT B4, and six sowing dates: 02/15/2019, 02/28/2019, 03/20/2019, 04/09/2019, 02/22/2021, and 03/11/2021 were tested. The plant height, total number of siliques per plant, number of grains per silique, grain yield, and canola oil yield were evaluated. The Nuola 300 and Hyola 575 CL hybrids showed superior grain and oil yields, indicating potential success in growing in the Brazilian Cerrado region. Findings indicated an optimal sowing period in the Campo das Vertentes region until March. These results stress the importance of strategically selecting hybrids and sowing timelines to maximize canola yield in the region under study. Brazil concentrated However regions mesoregion Gerais 201 202 harvests design replicates 433 57 Diamond B4 B dates 02152019 02 15 02/15/2019 02282019 28 02/28/2019 03202019 03 20 03/20/2019 04092019 04 09 04/09/2019 02222021 22 02/22/2021 03112021 11 03/11/202 tested height silique 30 yields March 43 5 0215201 0 1 02/15/201 0228201 2 02/28/201 0320201 03/20/201 0409201 04/09/201 0222202 02/22/202 0311202 03/11/20 3 4 021520 02/15/20 022820 02/28/20 032020 03/20/20 040920 04/09/20 022220 02/22/20 031120 03/11/2 02152 02/15/2 02282 02/28/2 03202 03/20/2 04092 04/09/2 02222 02/22/2 03112 03/11/ 0215 02/15/ 0228 02/28/ 0320 03/20/ 0409 04/09/ 0222 02/22/ 0311 03/11 021 02/15 022 02/28 032 03/20 040 04/09 02/22 031 03/1 02/1 02/2 03/2 04/0 03/ 02/ 04/