ABSTRACT. Body condition (BC) can affect the reproductive output and hatchling survival of nesting olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea). However, little is known about the BC of nesting females during the arrival event at nesting sites. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the BC of females nesting in La Escobilla Beach Sanctuary (La Escobilla) during the 2021 nesting season. Nesting females were measured and weighed. The mean size for nesting L. olivacea was 60.41 ± 2.98 cm for straight carapace length, 52.69 ± 2.57 cm for straight carapace width, and 34.35 ± 3.94 kg for weight (n = 483). The mean (± standard deviation, SD) Fulton′s/Bjorndal BC index estimated for nesting females was 1.54 ± 0.15, while the mean (± SD) of body mass index was 2.18 ± 0.23. Based on these indexes, 28 individuals were classified as in bad condition, 315 in good condition, and 19 in excellent condition. This first estimation of the olive ridley turtle body condition in a nesting colony showed that BC is a good body condition for most nesting females in La Escobilla. This study is a valuable baseline for nesting L.olivacea's health condition.

Abstract This article aims to reflect on the characteristics and issues of coastal cities that rely on summer tourism centered around sun and beach services. Specifically, it focuses on understanding the effects of the seasonality of economic activity on the inhabited landscape. To do so, it takes a case study: the city of Villa Gesell located on the Atlantic corridor of the province of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Since its foundation in the thirties, this city has exploited its scenic resources to live exclusively from the tourist services it offers to Argentine vacationers. With forty thousand permanent residents, Villa Gesell ranks as the second summer destination in the country and receives around one and a half million tourists between December and March. Applying an etnographical approach that considers spatial and temporal movements, the research seeks to make its main contributions regarding the historical, economic, cultural, urban, and material particularities of the Atlantic seaside cities in the province of Buenos Aires.

Resumen Este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre las características y problemáticas de las ciudades costeras que viven de un turismo estival anclado en los servicios de sol y playa. En particular, se focaliza en comprender los efectos que produce la estacionalidad de la actividad económica sobre el paisaje habitado. Para hacerlo, toma un caso de estudio: la ciudad de Villa Gesell ubicada sobre corredor atlántico de la provincia de Buenos Aires, en Argentina. Esta ciudad -desde su fundación en los años treinta- ha explotado sus recursos paisajísticos para vivir exclusivamente de los servicios turísticos que ofrece a los veraneantes argentinos. Con cuarenta mil habitantes permanentes, Villa Gesell se posiciona como el segundo destino estival del país y recibe cerca de un millón y medio de turistas entre los meses de diciembre y marzo. Desde un enfoque etnográfico que atiende a los movimientos espaciales y temporales, la investigación busca realizar sus principales contribuciones sobre las particularidades históricas, económicas, culturales, urbanas y materiales de los balnearios atlánticos de la provincia de Buenos Aires.

Abstract: Coastal areas play a vital role in society, creating a favorable environment for a wide range of social, cultural and economic activities, including culinary recreational opportunities. This study analyzes the experiences of visitors to bars and restaurants on the coast of the conurbation of La Serena and Coquimbo, the fourth most populated metropolitan area in Chile and one of the main sun and beach tourist destinations in the country. The data, collected through a survey of 536 visitors, were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. It was revealed that tourists exhibit high satisfaction and loyalty, with key determining factors being the beauty of the establishments, the quality of the service and the gastronomic offer. In addition, it was found that the probability of satisfaction increases for frequent visitors to the area, women, people with lower incomes and with a post-secondary education, and those motivated to escape from routine or meet with family or friends. It is concluded that effectively managing the link between gastronomy and coastal tourism is crucial to position the area as a top-level tourist destination.

Resumen: Las zonas costeras desempeñan un papel vital en la sociedad, creando un entorno favorable para una amplia gama de actividades sociales, culturales y económicas, incluidas oportunidades recreativas culinarias. Este estudio analiza las experiencias de los visitantes de bares y restaurantes en la costa de la conurbación de La Serena y Coquimbo, la cuarta área metropolitana más poblada de Chile y uno de los principales destinos turísticos de sol y playa del país. Los datos, recogidos mediante una encuesta a 536 visitantes, fueron analizados usando métodos estadísticos descriptivos y multivariados. Se reveló que los turistas exhiben alta satisfacción y lealtad, siendo factores determinantes clave la belleza de los establecimientos, la calidad del servicio y la oferta gastronómica. Además, se encontró que la probabilidad de satisfacción aumenta para los visitantes frecuentes de la zona, las mujeres, las personas de menores ingresos y con educación superior y aquellos motivados por escapar de la rutina o reunirse con familiares o amigos. Se concluye que gestionar eficazmente el vínculo entre gastronomía y turismo costero es crucial para posicionar la zona como un destino turístico de primer nivel.

Abstract Objective To analyze the epidemiological data of orthopedic injuries in beach tennis players. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study, through a questionnaire, with 185 beach tennis players during tournaments and training sessions in two cities. The questionnaire comprised anthropometric data, as well as data on length of time practicing the sport and reported orthopedic injuries. Results We excluded 25 of the 185 interviewees. Of the 160 players studied, 51.9% were male and 48.1%, female. The average age was of 40.4 years, the average height was of 1.73 m, the average weight was of 75.6 kg, and the average body mass index (BMI) was of 25.2 kg/m2. Orthopedic injuries were reported by 48.8% of the participants, 30.0% in the lower limbs, 11.3% in the spine, and 25.0% in the upper limbs, with an incidence of 0.82 per one thousand hours of practice. Correlating the incidence of injuries with age, weight, height, and BMI, we only found relevance between the higher average age in patients with lower- and upper-limb injuries. Players who had no previous experience with other racket sports had fewer injuries. Other parameters, such as gender, use of the two-handed backhand, dominant side, participation in competitions, and practice of other sports did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusion Orthopedic injuries were found in almost half of the beach tennis players, primarily in the lower limbs. Age, experience with other racket sports, category, hours of training per week, and length of time playing the sport influenced the incidence of orthopedic injuries. crosssectional cross sectional study 18 cities 2 interviewees 16 studied 519 51 9 51.9 481 48 1 48.1% female 404 40 4 40. years 173 73 1.7 m 756 75 6 75. kg BMI (BMI 252 25. kgm2 kgm m2 kg/m2 488 8 48.8 participants 300 30 0 30.0 limbs 113 11 3 11.3 spine 250 25.0 082 82 0.8 upperlimb limb parameters gender twohanded handed backhand side competitions differences Age category week 5 51. 48.1 17 7 1. kg/m 48. 30. 11. 08 0.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os dados epidemiolügicos das lesões ortopédicas nos praticantes de beach tennis. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal, por meio de questionário, em 185 praticantes de beach tennis, durante torneios e treinos, em duas cidades. O questionário consistiu na coleta de dados antropométricos, além de dados relativos ao tempo de prática do esporte e às lesões ortopédicas referidas. Resultados Excluímos 25 dos 185 entrevistados. Dos 160 praticantes estudados, 51,9% eram do sexo masculino, e 48,1%, do feminino. A média de idade foi de 40,4 anos, a média da estatura foi de 1,73 m, a média do peso, de 75,6 kg, e a média do índice de massa corporal (IMC), de 25,2 kg/m2. A presença de lesões ortopédicas foi relatada por 48,8% dos praticantes, sendo 30,0% nos membros inferiores (MMII), 11,3% na coluna, e 25,0% nos membros superiores (MMSS), com incidência de 0,82 a cada mil horas de prática. Correlacionando a incidência de lesões com idade, peso, altura e IMC, encontramos relevância apenas entre a média de idade maior nos pacientes com lesão nos MMII e MMSS. Os jogadores que não tinham experiência prévia com outros esportes com raquete tiveram menos lesões. Demais parâmetros, como sexo, uso do backhand com duas mãos, lado dominante, participação em competições e prática de outros esportes não obtiveram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão Lesões ortopédicas foram encontradas em quase a metade dos praticantes de beach tennis, preferencialmente nos MMII. Idade, experiência com outros esportes de raquete, categoria, horas de treino por semana e tempo de prática do esporte influenciaram na incidência de lesões ortopédicas. tennis transversal 18 treinos cidades antropométricos referidas 2 entrevistados 16 estudados 519 51 9 51,9 masculino 481 48 1 48,1% feminino 404 40 4 40, anos 173 73 1,7 m peso 756 75 6 75, kg IMC , (IMC) 252 25, kgm2 kgm m2 kg/m2 488 8 48,8 300 30 0 30,0 MMII, (MMII) 113 11 3 11,3 coluna 250 25,0 MMSS, MMSS (MMSS) 082 82 0,8 parâmetros mãos dominante significantes Idade categoria 5 51, 48,1 17 7 1, (IMC kg/m 48, 30, (MMII 11, (MMSS 08 0,

RESUMO Introdução: a prática esportiva de alto rendimento no futebol de areia demanda um gasto significativo de energia do corpo humano. Produto das condições contextuais onde se realiza o gesto desportivo. É por isso que especificar exercícios baseados na adaptação dos jogadores à arena é uma questão importante para a comunidade científica. Objetivo: avaliar a relevância de uma estratégia pedagógica para adaptação ao futebol de praia. Materiais e métodos: durante a pesquisa foram utilizados métodos teóricos, empíricos e estatísticos de acordo com as características do desenho transversal assumido na pesquisa. Resultados: os resultados obtidos no estudo apresentam alto nível de validade, pois foram corroborados com a aplicação de técnicas estatísticas. Além disso, isso levou à identificação do nível de relevância da proposta apresentada. Conclusões: ficou evidente a necessidade e atualidade da pesquisa apresentada, uma vez que a estratégia pedagógica para a adaptação ao futebol de praia é uma necessidade social do esporte equatoriano hoje.

RESUMEN Introducción: la práctica deportiva de alto rendimiento en el fútbol sobre arena le demanda al organismo humano un gasto importante de energía. Producto de las condiciones contextuales donde se realiza el gesto deportivo. Es por ello que concretar ejercicios en función de la adaptación de los jugadores a la arena es un tema de importancia para la comunidad científica. Objetivo: valorar la pertinencia de una estrategia pedagógica para la adaptación al fútbol playa. Materiales y métodos: durante la investigación se utilizaron métodos teóricos empíricos y estadísticos en correspondencia a las características de diseño transversal asumido en la investigación. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos en el estudio presentan un alto nivel de validez, pues así fue corroborado con la aplicación de las técnicas estadísticas. Además, esto conllevó a identificar el nivel de pertinencia de la propuesta presentada. Conclusiones: quedó evidenciada la necesidad y actualidad de la investigación presentada pues la estrategia pedagógica para la adaptación al fútbol playa en una necesidad social para el deporte ecuatoriano en la actualidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: High-performance beach soccer practice demands enormous energy consumption due to the context where the game takes place. Therefore, designing and implementing a set of exercises for player adjustments to these conditions is critical for the scientific community. Aim: To assess the pertinence of a pedagogic strategy for athlete adjustment to beach soccer. Materials and methods: Various theoretical, empirical, and statistical methods were used, in accordance with the transversal design assumed in the research. Results: The results of the study were validated through the application of statistical techniques, confirming the pertinence of the proposal. Conclusion: The suitability of the proposal was demonstrated since the pedagogic strategy for adjusting to the beach soccer settings is a social need for the present-day Ecuadorian sport.

Abstract Introduction: Sea urchin diseases have been documented in several locations worldwide, with reported occurrences of bacterial, protozoan, fungal, and algal infections. Objective: This study aimed to investigate pathogen agents in populations of Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus along the coast of Gran Canaria Island (Central-East Atlantic, Spain). Methods: Sampling was conducted at San Cristobal beach, on the Northeast side of the island, where sea urchins were manually collected from depths of 1-3 m during June, July, and October 2022. Swab samples were taken from the external and internal areas of the lesions and cultured on various media plates. Results: Eight different pathogen agents, including bacteria and fungi, were identified, with Vibrio alginolyticus being the most frequently observed bacteria in all diseased sea urchin samples. Additionally, ciliated protozoans were found within the tests, potentially acting as opportunistic parasites. Conclusions: This research provides a unique perspective on bald sea urchin disease by identifying a significant number of associated pathogens, including Candida, previously unreported in diseased organisms. Furthermore, the study highlights the presence of an inflammatory response in tissues with bacterial colonies, offering crucial insights into understanding this sea urchin disease.

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades en los erizos de mar han sido descritas en muchas localidades alrededor del mundo, y se han asociado con la presencia de infecciones por bacterias, protozoarios, hongos y algas. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como finalidad investigar sobre los agentes patógenos que afectan a las poblaciones de Arbacia lixula y Paracentrotus lividus a lo largo de la costa de la Isla de Gran Canaria (Atlántico Centro-Oriental, España). Métodos: El muestreo fue llevado a cabo en la playa de San Cristóbal, al noreste de la isla, dónde los organismos fueron capturados entre 1-3 metros de profundidad, durante junio, julio y octubre del año 2022. Se tomaron muestras en la zona interna y externa de la lesión en cada organismo, y se cultivaron en varios medios de cultivo. Resultados: Fueron identificados ocho agentes patógenos diferentes, incluyendo bacterias y hongos, y siendo Vibrio alginolyticus la bacteria más frecuentemente observada en todas las muestras de erizos enfermos. Además, se observaron protozoarios ciliados dentro de los caparazones, actuando potencialmente como parásitos oportunistas. Conclusiones: Esta investigación proporciona una perspectiva única sobre la enfermedad del erizo desnudo al identificar un número significativo de patógenos asociados, incluida Candida, que no se había reportado previamente en organismos enfermos. Además, el estudio destaca la presencia de una respuesta inflamatoria en tejidos con colonias bacterianas, lo que ofrece información crucial para comprender esta enfermedad de los erizos de mar.

RESUMEN Durante el 2018 se evaluaron las concentraciones y distribución de dos indicadores de contaminación fecal en una playa recreacional localizada en el litoral atlántico de Argentina. Utilizando la técnica de membrana filtrante, se determinó la presencia de Escherichia coli y Enterococcus spp. en muestras de arena seca, sedimentos húmedos y agua de mar, mediante monitoreos periódicos considerando la abundancia de lluvia en días previos y valores de temperatura ambiente (máxima y mínima). Las muestras fueron analizadas según fecha de colecta (temporada estival; temporada invernal). Con el propósito de identificar la procedencia de los indicadores seleccionados se empleó la relación: E. coli / enterococos (EC/ENT). Los valores de concentración de ambos indicadores no evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre las temporadas como en los sitios de colecta, a excepción de E. coli, con mayor concentración en el agua durante el periodo estival. Por su parte, la máxima abundancia se identificó en los meses de verano y en los tres sitios muestreados. Por otra parte, el 58 % de las muestras analizadas superaron los límites admisibles. Al analizar la procedencia de la contaminación, se observó una composición de origen mixto (animal y antrópico) en ambas temporadas. Las colonias de EC y ENT persistieron a lo largo del año siendo la arena su mejor reservorio, mientras que los factores ambientales considerados no incidieron en la distribución de dichas bacterias. La prevalencia de sus unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) por encima de lo recomendable y ocurridas en el periodo de uso intensivo, caracterizarían a este sector de riesgo sanitario durante la temporada evaluada.

ABSTRACT In 2018, the concentrations and distribution of two indicators of fecal contamination were evaluated on a recreational beach located on the Atlantic coast of Argentina. The presence of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in samples of dry sand, wet sediments, and seawater was determined using the filter membrane technique by periodic monitoring considering the abundance of rain in previous days and ambient temperature values (maximum and minimum). Samples were analyzed according to the date of collection (summer season; winter season). In order to identify the origin of the selected indicators, the ratio E. coli /Enterococci (EC/ENT) was used. The concentration values of both indicators did not show significant differences between seasons and collection sites, with the exception of E. coli, with a higher concentration in the water during the summer period. In turn, the maximum abundance of both was identified in the summer months and in the three sites sampled. On the other hand, 58 % of the samples analyzed exceeded the admissible reference limits. When analyzing the origin of the contamination, a composition of mixed origin (animal and anthropic) was observed in both seasons. The colonies of EC and ENT persisted throughout the year, with sand being their best reservoir, while the environmental factors considered did not affect the distribution of these bacteria. The prevalence of their colony forming units (CFU), above the recommended levels and occurring in the intensive use period, would characterize this sector as a sanitary risk during the evaluated season.

Abstract Beach classification models are widely used to describe the state of the beach in response to the prevailing environmental conditions and have set the theoretical grounds for equilibrium and in-plant profile models of a beach and their various applications. This study determined the morphodynamic state of 54 sandy biogenic beaches on the northeast coast of Cuba. This was done based on the identification of coastal geoforms found in land works between August 2018 and March 2022 and the geoforms identified in high-resolution satellite images from Google Earth Pro (CNES/Airbus, Maxar Technologies). In addition, on 12 representative beaches on the northeast coast, we explored whether the coastal geoforms indicative of certain morphological states observed during fieldwork match those predicted by the Ω dimensionless parameter or Dean’s index, which classified beaches as dissipative, reflective, and intermediate. The main geomorphological features include an average beach width of more than 50 m, an 11 m-wide face, and a narrow or absent flat zone with a mean height of 1.35 m, lacking cusps and rhythmic topography, except for 26 % of beaches and only in winter. The submerged zone shows a low sand bar without rip currents. Coral reefs that protect the beaches from the highest waves in 93 % of the cases represent the distinctive geomorphological feature of the beaches studied. The dimensionless parameter confirmed that the beaches of Cuba’s northeast coast correspond to intermediate morphodynamic states with a trend toward reflective rather than dissipative modal states. These findings correspond to the coastal geoforms and sediment granulometry on the beaches studied. The figures obtained with the dimensionless parameter Ω and the sedimentary characteristics of the beaches are consistent with the characteristics of intermediate beaches reported by Australian researchers, but we did not find the geoforms for intermediate beaches reported by them. The beaches studied showed no rip currents, chains of coastal furrows, low-tide terraces, marked rhythmic topography, and cusps. Other studies have also pointed out that the beach classification proposed by Australian researchers, which considers the characteristics of waves and the sedimentation rate, is not always applicable. In the study area, this is mainly due to the presence of coral reefs close to the coast, low wave energy, and the influence of geological factors, in addition to the prevalence of longitudinal over transverse sand transport. Our results confirm that beach classification considering their morphodynamic state is essential to understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of the hydrodynamic processes on beaches and contributes to a better local and regional knowledge of them. In addition, they highlight that the hydrodynamic and sedimentary characteristics of each coastline should be studied before using beach equilibrium profile models and the equations derived from them for erosion control actions.

Resumen Los modelos de clasificación de playa son ampliamente usados para describir el estado de la playa en respuesta a las condiciones ambientales reinantes y han establecido las bases teóricas sobre los modelos de perfil de equilibrio y en planta de una playa y sus diversas aplicaciones. En el estudio se determina el estado morfodinámico en 54 playas biogénicas arenosas del litoral nororiental de Cuba, a partir de la identificación de las geoformas litorales encontradas en trabajos de terrenos, para el periodo comprendido entre agosto de 2018 y marzo del año 2022, y las geoformas identificadas en imágenes satelitales de alta resolución de Google Earth Pro (CNES/Airbus, Maxar Technologies). Además, se comprobó en 12 playas representativas del litoral nororiental, si las geoformas litorales observadas en los trabajos de campo, indicativas de ciertos estados morfológicos, se corresponden con las pronosticadas mediante el parámetro adimensional Ω o Índice de Dean, que permite clasificar las playas en disipativas, reflejantes e intermedias. Como rasgos geomorfológicos fundamentales destacan un ancho medio de la playa superior a 50 m, una cara de 11 m de ancho y bermas estrechas o ausentes, con altura media de 1.35 m, sin la presencia de cúspides y topografías rítmicas, excepto en el 26% de las playas y únicamente en la etapa invernal. En la parte sumergida aparece una barra de arena de poca altura, sin la presencia de corrientes de resaca. La presencia de arrecifes coralinos que protegen las playas del oleaje de mayor altura, en el 93% de los casos, constituye el rasgo geomorfológico más significativo de las playas objeto de estudio. El cálculo del parámetro adimensional confirmó que las playas del litoral nororiental de Cuba corresponden a estados morfodinámicos de tipo intermedio y tienden más a estados modales reflejantes que disipativos, resultados que se corresponden con las geoformas litorales y la granulometría de los sedimentos encontrados en las playas objetos de estudio. Aun cuando las características reportadas por investigadores australianos, para playas intermedias coincidan con los valores pronosticados mediante el cálculo del parámetro adimensional Ω y con las características sedimentarias de las playas, las geoformas reportadas por estos, para playas intermedias, no fueron encontradas en las playas objeto de estudio. En ellas no aparecen corrientes de retorno, cadenas de surcos litorales, terrazas de bajamar, marcada topografía rítmica y cúspides. Otros estudios también han señalado que no siempre se cumple la clasificación de las playas, que tiene en cuenta las características de las olas y la velocidad de caída de los sedimentos, propuestas por investigadores australianos, debido particularmente a la presencia de arrecifes coralinos cercanos a la costa, la baja energía del oleaje y el control geológico. A ello habría que añadir el predominio del transporte longitudinal de arena sobre el transporte transversal en el área de estudio. Los resultados confirman que la clasificación de las playas, atendiendo a su estado morfodinámico es esencial para comprender la dinámica espacio-temporal de los procesos hidrodinámicos que tienen lugar en las playas y un mejor conocimiento local y regional de las mismas. Además, reafirman la necesidad de contar con estudios específicos de las características hidrodinámicas y sedimentarias propias de cada litoral, antes de extrapolar modelos de perfil de equilibrio en playas y las ecuaciones que se deriven de ellos en las actuaciones para el control de la erosión.

Aeolianites and cemented beach deposits on South Africa's Cape coast preserve evidence of events that transpired on them when they were composed of unconsolidated sand. Over the past decades, numerous Pleistocene vertebrate tracksites have been identified on aeolianite palaeosurfaces in the Garden Route National Park, West Coast National Park, and Addo Elephant National Park. In the Garden Route National Park alone, 57 Pleistocene vertebrate tracksites have been discovered. An equilibrium exists, whereby new sites become exposed through cliff-collapse events, while known sites slump into the ocean, are eroded through the action of wind and water, or are destroyed through wave action. Engraved graffiti poses a further threat. These sites complement the traditional body fossil record, and have significant palaeoenvironmental and palaeoanthropological implications. Hominin sites are of global importance: one contains the oldest tracks attributed to Homo sapiens, others contain patterns made in sand by ancestral humans and constitutes a form of early palaeoart. Collectively, these sites have substantial geoheritage value. The discoveries create management questions: which sites require active management, and how should they be ranked in importance? Factors which need to be considered in developing a management strategy include the scientific and heritage value of the sites, whether recovery or replication is preferable, the presence or absence of suitable repositories, the level of the threat to site integrity, the accessibility of the site, and the feasibility of recovery. Checklists containing appropriate criteria and questions can form tools in assessing the importance of these ichnosites.

Tambakrejo Beach in Blitar Regency is classified as an area that is very vulnerable to tsunami catastrophes. Many researchers have conducted studies on regions impacted by the tsunami. However, more studies into the link between the outcomes of social and spatial studies still need to be carried out because these are two different perspectives with different parameters and variables. The novel approach in this research involves delineating tsunami-affected areas and assessing population capacity in coastal regions. The hazard maps and livelihood asset variables using grid cells of a specific size have been used to identify risk levels. The grid cells used are 50 m² × 50 m² so that they are expected to represent the minor units on the face of the earth, such as buildings, assets, property or land parcels, for capacity assessments or measuring the level of threat to disasters and are no longer based on regional administrative boundaries. CONTRIBUTION: The research results show that using grid cells to analyse areas affected by the tsunami can provide excellent and informative results. Research findings at the research location regarding community preparedness in facing tsunamis show that communities at risk of being affected by the tsunami need to increase their capacity because the majority of communities in coastal areas, especially in the Sidorejo sub-village, have been identified as having low capacity according to several livelihood asset parameters such as financial capital in income. By increasing individual capacity, it is hoped that society will be able to avoid the threat of tsunami waves better

ABSTRACT Along the coast of the state of Pernambuco, NE Brazil, the presence of coastal outcrops aligned with the shoreline and distributed above and below the mean sea level is remarkable. These outcrops were sampled, and petrological, isotopic, and geochronological analyses were integrated to investigate the local effects of the Holocene sea-level fluctuations. The results indicate that the rocks are recent (< 8ka), formed by cementation of beach sands (magnesian calcite cement, predominance of quartz and presence of marine bioclasts, signs of compaction, fractures, and dissolution), in a tropical climate and warm waters, which allows to classify them as typical examples of beachrocks. The carbonate cement consisted of Mg-rich calcite with values ranging from −1.1‰ to 3.5‰ for δ13C and from −0.9‰ to 0.5‰ for δ18OVPDB. These isotopic values are typical of marine carbonate cemented deposits in shallow marine environments under freshwater influence (meteoric vadose environment). In these conditions, the cementing processes occurred in the intertidal zones, which reinforce the use of these data as indicators of ancient sea levels. The sea level fluctuations could be divided, in chronological order, into three different phases, starting with a rapid sea level rise followed by a relative stabilization at a maximum level and, finally, a decreasing phase. Recent sea level fluctuations in Pernambuco are represented by beachrocks with ages between 8 ka and 800 years and a maximum level of 2 to 3 meters above the present mean level. In scenarios of a near future with a general global sea level rise pattern, significant local geomorphological changes may occur, which means a great future challenge to society. Brazil remarkable sampled petrological sealevel < ( 8ka, 8ka , 8ka) magnesian bioclasts compaction fractures dissolution, dissolution dissolution) waters Mgrich Mg rich 11 1 −1.1 35 5 3.5 δC δ C 09 0 9 −0.9 05 0.5 δ18OVPDB δOVPDB OVPDB meteoric environment. environment . environment) conditions zones levels divided order phases finally phase 80 pattern occur society −1. 3. −0. 0. −1 −0 −

ABSTRACT We present the first report of plastic biomedia contamination on Brazilian beaches based on evidence collected from 14 beaches of the Paraná state coastline (southern Brazil). Plastic biomedia, also called biocarriers, are small, perforated plastic pieces used worldwide in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that apply the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process. Accidental release of these particles into the environment adds to Ocean’s long-term plastic pollution problem. A high amount of plastic biomedia presence in the coastal areas of Paraná was first noticed by a community member, who found 411 plastic particles on a beach located in Pontal do Paraná, bringing this issue to our attention. In this study, plastic biomedia was retrieved from drift line alongshore transects (0.3 to 1 km long) and cross-shore transects (5 m wide) from the water line to the backshore zone. A total of 749 items were collected from 11 of the 14 sampled beaches, including the Mel and Superagui Islands nature reserves. The decreasing trend in plastic biomedia abundance with the increase in distance of the PEC southern outlet suggests that these particles probably originate from a WWTP in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC). Once in the water, these floating plastic particles that followed the suspended sediment transport pattern were exported to coastal waters and were transported by longshore currents. Highlighting the potential role of the PEC as a substantial vector for marine debris to the Paraná coastline. The most likely source of this novel plastic contaminant to the Brazilian coastline are WWTP with MBBR systems. Therefore, stakeholders need to discuss and establish a reporting system so that plastic biomedia spillovers or losses are reported, and its dispersal in the environment is reduced. Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) biocarriers small (WWTP (MBBR process Oceans Ocean s longterm long term problem member 41 attention study 0.3 03 0 3 (0. crossshore cross shore 5 ( wide zone 74 reserves PEC. (PEC) currents systems Therefore reported reduced 4 0. (0 7 (PEC

The demand for oil and its derivatives has driven the oil and gas sector to explore deep waters. Nickel-based alloys, like Inconel, are used due to their corrosion resistance properties. Cladding structural steels with these alloys is a cost-effective solution. However, dissimilar metal welding poses challenges, including the formation of Partially Diluted Zones (PDZ). This work highlights the use of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) as a very adequate technique for the microstructural characterization of dissimilar anticorrosive materials. The MIG process was utilized to perform cladding of Inconel 625 onto the A36 steel substrate. The samples were prepared for analysis using techniques such as EDS, FEG-SEM, EBSD, and Vickers microhardness testing. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the EBSD technique in characterizing dissimilar metal cladding. The combination of EBSD with EDS analysis and microhardness testing provided comprehensive insights into the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material. EDS mapping analysis confirmed the formation of PDZ with a distinct beach-like morphology, indicating localized compositional variations. The uniform thickness of the PDZ, approximately 20 µm, highlights the convective motion and solidification behavior of the partially diluted zone. Phase map EBSD analysis revealed different crystal structures in the cladding zone, including a FCC structure for the nickel cladding layer and a BCC structure for the ferritic steel base metal. The PDZ exhibited the same crystal structure as the base metal, indicating chemical element diffusion without altering the ferritic steel structure. Contrast band EBSD analysis provided detailed microstructural information, revealing solidification structures and potential hardness variations. The observed martensite formation in the PDZ highlights its susceptibility to cracking and detachment of the coated layer. The hardness results support the microstructural findings, demonstrating significant variations in hardness across the cladding structure, particularly in the PDZ and at the interface between the Inconel alloy and the base metal. These findings contribute valuable insights into the microstructural and compositional gradients within the joint region, reinforcing their implications for material performance. waters Nickelbased Nickel based costeffective cost effective solution However challenges PDZ. . (PDZ) (EBSD materials 62 A A3 substrate FEGSEM, FEGSEM FEG SEM, SEM FEG-SEM beachlike beach morphology 2 µm zone information region performance (PDZ 6

Abstract Several fishes of the family Poeciliidae are commonly produced in ornamental aquaculture and also used for pest control, leading to their introduction in numerous countries. Many of these species exhibit tolerance and invasiveness, as exemplified by Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866). This report documents the presence of X. maculatus in a Caribbean coastal stream in Venezuela. Quizandal Creek has experienced significant human intervention in its lower drainage and channel area. In the final segment of the creek the fish were captured using hand nets and beach seines. The specimens were transported alive to the laboratory for evaluation and subsequently preserved according to standard methods and later were cataloged in the fish collection. 16 males ♂ and 8 females ♀ (16.6-29.4 mm SL. CPUCLA-3630) from the Quizandal Creek, part of the coastal drainage of the Borburata River, were analyzed. This is the first report on the occurrence of Xiphophorus maculatus in natural environments of Venezuela. These coastal streams are situated in a zoogeographic transition zone between regional freshwater ichthyofaunas that have a limited number of species, primarily secondary and amphidromous, which could be susceptible to the presence of introduced species. Xiphophorus fish demonstrate the ability to thrive in highly degraded environments, promoting their dispersion and amplifying the impact on the habitat and local fish, particularly small endemic fish, such as the Rivulidae and Poeciliidae. control countries invasiveness Günther, Günther (Günther 1866. 1866 . 1866) X Venezuela area seines collection 1 16.629.4 166294 16.6 29.4 6 29 4 (16.6-29. SL CPUCLA3630 CPUCLA 3630 CPUCLA-3630 River analyzed amphidromous 186 629 16.629. 16629 166 16. 294 29. 2 (16.6-29 CPUCLA363 363 CPUCLA-363 18 62 16.629 1662 (16.6-2 CPUCLA36 36 CPUCLA-36 16.62 (16.6- CPUCLA3 3 CPUCLA-3 (16.6 CPUCLA- (16. (16 (1 (

Resumo Vários peixes Poeciliidae são comumente empregados na aquicultura ornamental e no controle de pragas, levando à sua introdução em vários países. Muitas dessas espécies exibem tolerância e invasividade, exemplificadas por Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866). Esta nota documenta a presença de X. maculatus em um riacho costeiro na encosta do Caribe, Venezuela. O riacho Quizandal sofreu intervenção humana significativa na drenagem inferior e na área do canal. No trecho final do riacho os peixes foram capturados com redes de mão e arrastos. Os espécimes foram transportados vivos ao laboratório para avaliação e posteriormente preservados segundos métodos padronizados para posterior catalogação na coleção de peixes. Foram analisados 16 machos ♂ e 8 fêmeas ♀ (16,6-29,4 mm SL. CPUCLA-3630) provenientes do Córrego Quizandal, associado à drenagem costeira do Rio Borburata. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de Xiphophorus maculatus em ambientes naturais da Venezuela. Estes riachos costeiros estão situados numa zona de transição zoogeográfica entre ictiofaunas regionais de água doce e apresentam um número limitado de espécies, principalmente secundárias e anfidromas, que podem ser suscetíveis à presença de espécies introduzidas. Os peixes Xiphophorus demonstram a capacidade de prosperar em ambientes altamente degradados, promovendo a sua dispersão e amplificando o impacto no habitat e nos peixes locais, particularmente pequenos peixes endêmicos, como os Rivulidae e Poeciliidae. pragas países invasividade Günther, Günther (Günther 1866. 1866 . 1866) X Caribe Venezuela canal arrastos 1 16,629,4 166294 16,6 29,4 6 29 4 (16,6-29, SL CPUCLA3630 CPUCLA 3630 CPUCLA-3630 Borburata anfidromas introduzidas degradados locais endêmicos 186 629 16,629, 16629 166 16, 294 29, 2 (16,6-29 CPUCLA363 363 CPUCLA-363 18 62 16,629 1662 (16,6-2 CPUCLA36 36 CPUCLA-36 16,62 (16,6- CPUCLA3 3 CPUCLA-3 (16,6 CPUCLA- (16, (16 (1 (

Abstract Biomarkers of environmental contamination have been frequently used in the assessment of marine ecosystem quality because they provide quantitative measures of biological changes in organisms exposed to pollutants such as hydrocarbons from oil spills. Polychaetes have been tested as sentinel organisms of marine environmental health because they are abundant taxa of benthic assemblages and their sedentary lifestyle ensures chronic exposure to toxins in impacted areas. In this study, we evaluated whether the polychaete Scolelepis goodbodyi can be used as a reliable sentinel species for exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from an experimental diesel spill in a dissipative sand beach in the Southern Atlantic. The design used in this study comprised replicated control and diesel impact sites sampled four times (one, two, four and seven days) before and after the impact. Total PAH levels reached 114.0 ng g -1 in the impact site one day after the diesel spill; however, the pattern of biomarker responses in S. goodbodyi was primarily influenced by spatial variation rather than being attributed to the simulated diesel spill. The apparent absence of a contaminating effect may be linked to the low levels of the toxins retained in the sediment after the spill was simulated to elicit a response or to the presence of an efficient repair system within the organism. Furthermore, the sediments tested in this study, composed of sandy fractions, had a low capacity to concentrate PAHs after the simulated diesel spill, which may have contributed to the low significant changes in their biomarker activities. Based on our results, further studies testing other Polychaeta species and simulating oil spills in sedimentary environments composed of fine sediments such as salt marshes and mangroves may help produce evidence on more effective biomarker responses in these organisms. areas (PAHs Atlantic one, (one two days 1140 114 0 114. 1 - however S organism Furthermore fractions activities results 11