Resumen Antecedentes: El bajareque es una técnica de construcción en la que se utiliza un tejido hecho con bambú, cañas, varas, mimbres, agregados con diversos compuestos de tierra local, material vegetal y agua (lodo). En México, existe evidencia arqueológica y actual del uso del bajareque en la construcción de viviendas rurales. En el sitio arqueológico de Los Guachimontones, se ha documentado el uso del bajareque con una antigüedad de 2,400 a 1,500 años. Sin embargo, se desconoce la especie de bambú utilizada. Preguntas y/o Hipótesis: 1) ¿Cuáles especies de bambú de México se han utilizado en la construcción de viviendas rurales con la técnica del bajareque? 2) ¿Cuál especie de bambú probablemente se utilizó en la construcción de viviendas con la técnica del bajareque en la zona arqueológica de Los Guachimontones, Jalisco? Resultados: Nuestros resultados indican el uso de cinco especies de bambú (Guadua amplexifolia, G. paniculata, G. velutina, Otatea acuminata y O. fimbriata) en la construcción del bajareque. Es probable que la especie utilizada en la construcción de viviendas y estructuras cívico-ceremoniales en la zona arqueológica de Los Guachimontones sea Otatea acuminata. Conclusiones: En este estudio, evidenciamos que en México se han utilizado cinco especies de bambú en la construcción del bajareque. De estas, tres pertenecen al género Guadua y dos al género Otatea. Es muy probable que en Los Guachimontones se haya utilizado Otatea acuminata en la construcción de sus viviendas con la técnica del bajareque.

Abstract Background: Bajareque is a construction technique that utilizes a woven structure made of bamboo, reeds, rods, and wickers, combined with various compounds of local soil, plant material, and water (mud). In Mexico, there is archaeological and contemporary evidence of the use of bajareque in housing construction. At the Los Guachimontones archaeological site, the use of bajareque has been documented with an age ranging from 2,400 to 1,500 years. However, the species of bamboo used remains unknown. Questions and/or Hypotheses: 1) Which bamboo species from Mexico have been used in the construction of housing using the bajareque technique? 2) Which bamboo species is likely to have been used in the construction of housing using the bajareque technique at the Los Guachimontones archaeological site in Jalisco? Results: Our results indicate the use of five bamboo species (Guadua amplexifolia, G. paniculata, G. velutina, Otatea acuminata, and O. fimbriata) in bajareque construction. It is probable that the species used in the construction of housing and civic-ceremonial structures at the Los Guachimontones archaeological site is Otatea acuminata. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrate that five bamboo species have been used in bajareque construction in Mexico. Of these five species, three belong to the Guadua genus and two to the Otatea genus. It is highly likely that Otatea acuminata was used in the construction of housing at the Los Guachimontones site using the bajareque technique.

Abstract Bamboos are plants belonging to the botanical family of grasses (corn, rice, reed, sugar cane) and the subfamily Bambusoideae, which groups a great diversity of species distributed worldwide, particularly in the state of Chiapas are a large part of the species registered for Mexico, which because they are of a natural nature become underused and / or despised giving them the qualification of Lag, preferring therefore to the use of industrialized materials for the conformation of living spaces, which are framed under the notion of progress. In this way, a methodological process is proposed from a qualitative research, where the referential theoretical framework was built through the bibliographic review, under the objective of denoting the use and exploitation of the native bamboo Otatea fimbriata Soderstr., found locally. In this sense, the present research allowed to demonstrate that the native bamboo present in the state of Chiapas, is a natural resource, whose physical and mechanical properties endow it with a high potential to be used not only in the conformation of living spaces, but at the same time to generate diversity of products and services, reaching a positive impact on the families that make up the localities of Chiapas.

Resumen Los bambúes son plantas pertenecientes a la familia botánica de las gramíneas (maíz, arroz, carrizo, caña de azúcar) y a la subfamilia Bambusoideae, la cual agrupa gran diversidad de especies distribuidas mundialmente, particularmente en el estado de Chiapas se encuentran gran parte de las especies registradas para México, mismas que por ser de índole natural pasan a ser subutilizadas y/o despreciadas dándoles el calificativo de rezago, prefiriendo por ello al empleo de materiales industrializados para la conformación de espacios habitables, mismos que están enmarcados bajo la noción de progreso. De esta forma, se plantea un proceso metodológico a partir de una investigación cualitativa, donde el marco teórico referencial se construyó mediante la revisión bibliográfica, bajo el objetivo de denotar la utilización y aprovechamiento del bambú nativo Otatea fimbriata Soderstr., encontrado localmente. En este sentido, la presente investigación permitió demostrar que el bambú nativo presente en el estado de Chiapas, es un recurso natural, cuyas propiedades físicas y mecánicas lo dotan de un alto potencial para ser aprovechado no solo en la conformación de espacios habitables, sino a la vez de generar diversidad de productos y servicios, llegando a impactar de forma positiva en las familias que integran a las localidades de Chiapas.

This article it documents the research on the use of a thermal barrier in the back part of a room, made up of a series of bamboo stacked from the base of the floor with a measure of 12 m high and 5 m wide. The purpose of this plantation is to achieve a protective barrier with respect to the heat generated and that presents extreme heat, especially during the afternoons, and the objective of this investigation is to compare the results of the measurements of the thermal barrier with respect to a room that does not have this differential element, and with this comparison analyze the effectiveness of this proposal. To obtain the data and carry out its subsequent analysis, the Fluke brand temperature and humidity meter is used. In addition, the temperature values are obtained at the rear door of the room, to recommend some type of insulating material to be placed on the doors, all with the aim of improving the thermal comfort conditions within the room under study and that it uses the protective thermal barrier.

En el presente artículo se documenta la investigación acerca del uso de una barrera térmica en la parte trasera de un salón, conformada esta barrera por una serie de bambúes apilados desde la base del suelo con una medida de 12 m de alto y 5 m de ancho. La finalidad de esta plantación es lograr una barrera protectora respecto al calor generado y que presenta calor extremo, especialmente durante las tardes, y el objetivo de esta investigación es comparar los resultados de las mediciones de la barrera térmica con respecto a un salón que no posee este elemento diferencial, y con esta comparación analizar la efectividad de esta propuesta. Para obtener los datos y realizar su posterior análisis, se hace uso del medidor de temperatura y humedad de la marca Fluke. Además se obtienen los valores de temperatura en la puerta trasera del salón, para recomendar algún tipo de material aislante para que sea colocado en las puertas, todo esto con el objetivo de mejorar las condiciones de confort térmico dentro del salón objeto de estudio y que utilice la barrera térmica de protección.

Abstract Seeking sustainable alternatives to diversify the energy matrix has become a goal to be achieved by all nations. Bambo biomass can be one of these alternatives because it is a CO2-neutral energy source with the possibility of use as a fuel in solid, liquid or gaseous form. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age of 12 and 7 years on the chemical and energetic properties of Dendrocalamus giganteus stems. For this, the contents of total extractives, lignin, volatile materials, ash and fixed carbon were determined, in addition to the basic density, higher calorific value and energy density of the stems. Evaluations of gravimetric yield of charcoal and pirolenhoso liquor produced from the carbonization of the material were also performed. Bamboos aged 7 and 12 years showed good chemical properties for energy purposes. The values of lignin content, volatile materials, fixed carbon and ash were similar between ages. However, the net calorific value, energy density, gravimetric yield of charcoal and pyroligneous acid expanded/rose with increasing age, and the highest values were found in 12-year-old colm. The species Dendrocalamus giganteus presented physical-chemical and energetic properties and they meet the expected quality criteria for the use of this biomass to generate thermal energy. nations CO2neutral COneutral CO2 neutral CO solid form 1 stems extractives materials determined performed purposes content ages However expandedrose expanded rose 12yearold yearold year old colm physicalchemical physical

Resumo Buscar alternativas sustentáveis para diversificar a matriz energética tornou-se uma meta a ser alcançada por todas as nações. A biomassa de bambu pode ser uma dessas alternativas por ser uma fonte de energia neutra em CO2 com a possibilidade de uso como combustível na forma sólida, líquida ou gasosa. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da idade de 12 e 7 anos nas propriedades químicas e energéticas de colmos de Dendrocalamus giganteus. Para isso, foram determinados os teores de extrativos totais, de lignina, de materiais voláteis, de cinzas e de carbono fixo, além da densidade básica, poder calorífico superior e densidade energética dos colmos. Também foram realizadas as avaliações de rendimento gravimétrico do carvão vegetal e do licor pirolenhoso produzidos a partir da carbonização do material. Os bambus com 12 e 7 anos de idade apresentaram boas propriedades químicas para fins energéticos. Os valores de teor de lignina, materiais voláteis, carbono fixo e cinzas foram semelhantes entre as idades. Entretanto, o poder calorífico líquido, densidade energética, rendimento gravimétrico do carvão vegetal e ácido pirolenhoso aumentaram com o aumento da idade, e os maiores valores foram verificados para os colmos com 12 anos. A espécie Dendrocalamus giganteus apresentou propriedades físico-químicas e energéticas, e atendem aos critérios de qualidade esperados para o aproveitamento dessa biomassa para produção de energia térmica. tornouse tornou se nações CO sólida gasosa objetivouse objetivou 1 isso totais lignina voláteis básica material energéticos idades Entretanto líquido físicoquímicas físico térmica

RESUMEN La subfamilia Bambusoideae comprende tres tribus monofiléticas, Arundinarieae, Bambuseae y Olyreae. Aquí reportamos el número gamético y el comportamiento meiótico de los cromosomas de dos especies pertenecientes a la tribu Olyreae de bambúes herbáceos, Olyra latifolia y Olyra humilis. Las introducciones se recolectaron en la provincia de Misiones, en el noreste argentino. Reportamos un nuevo número gamético para O. humilis, n=18, y confirmamos n=11 para O. latifolia. Los números cromosómicos básicos y gaméticos son importantes para comprender la evolución de la familia Poaceae, especialmente para delimitar sus clados y las relaciones existentes entre ellos, por lo que es necesario continuar produciendo este tipo de datos.

ABSTRACT The subfamily Bambusoideae comprises three monophyletic tribes, Arundinarieae, Bambuseae and Olyreae. Here we report the gametic number and the chromosomal meiotic behavior of two species belonging to the herbaceous tribe Olyreae, Olyra latifolia and Olyrahumilis. Accessions were collected in Misiones, at Northeastern Argentina. We report a new gametic number for O. humilis, n=18, and we confirmed n=11 for O. latifolia. Chromosomal features, like the basic and gametic chromosome number, are important in understanding the evolution of the Poaceae family, especially in delimiting clades and elucidate inter andintra-clades relationships, and therefore it is necessary to continue producing this type of data.

ABSTRACT Eremitis is one of the three genera of the subtribe Parianinae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Olyreae) and is restricted to the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil. Eremitis aemula, herein described and illustrated, is microendemic to the Alto Cariri State Park, located in the Baixo Jequitinhonha region, an area considered to be extremely important for conservation of the flora in the state of Minas Gerais. This new species is morphologically similar to Eremitis jardimii and E. robusta. However, E. aemula is differentiated from both species mainly by its longer decumbent culms (47-50 cm long vs. 22-25 cm and (15-)25-28 cm, respectively) with shorter inflorescences (4.5-5 cm long vs. 5.5-6 cm and 6-6.5 cm, respectively), and by its leaf blades with rounded base (vs. attenuate in E. jardimii and E. robusta). The total number of bamboos in Minas Gerais thereby rises to 79 species with 16 endemic to the state, reinforcing the fact that the Baixo Jequitinhonha is of extreme importance to the conservation of the Minas Gerais flora.

SUMMARY Background and aims: In Argentina, the genus Bambusa comprises nine introduced taxa, of which the most cultivated are B. multiplex, B. tuldoides and B. vulgaris cv. vittata. Bambusa plants are characterized by non-seasonal blooms, after long and variable vegetative periods. The study of the foliage leaf anatomy of woody bamboos is thus usefulness in the taxonomy of Bambusoideae. In order to characterize each species, the micromorphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of foliage leaf blades are studied. M&M: With the aid of optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, the anatomy of foliage leaf blades of the three species are analysed. Qualitative and quantitative parameters of transverse and longitudinal sections and dissociated material are documented. Results: The dimensions of the leaf blade showed significant differences between the three species of Bambusa studied. The micromorphology of the foliage leaf blade surface exhibits differential characters between the abaxial and adaxial epidermis between species, such as the presence or absence of microhairs, macrohairs and prickles; silica cell type; degree of cohesion and number of papillae surrounding the stomatal apparatus. The dimensions and characteristics of the fusoid cells and fibers show differences between the species, as well as the micrometric parameters as seen in cross sections. Conclusions: The morphoanatomical features allows the characterization of the Bambusa species studied.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: En Argentina, el género Bambusa está representado por nueve taxones introducidos, de los cuales los más cultivados son B. multiplex, B. tuldoides y B. vulgaris cv. vittata. Los representantes del género se caracterizan por tener floraciones no estacionales, luego de largos y variables períodos vegetativos. El estudio de la anatomía foliar de bambúes leñosos resulta de utilidad para la diferenciación de especies. Con el fin de caracterizar cada entidad, se estudia la micromorfología, anatomía y ultraestructura de sus hojas de follaje. M&M: Mediante microscopía óptica, electrónica de barrido y de transmisión se analizan los caracteres de los tipos celulares y de la estructura interna de las hojas de follaje de las tres especies. Se registran parámetros cualitativos y cuantitativos de cortes transversales y longitudinales y disociados de cada una de las especies. Resultados: Las dimensiones de la lámina de la hoja mostraron diferencias significativas entre las tres especies de Bambusa estudiadas. La micromorfología de la superficie foliar exhibe caracteres diferenciales entre la epidermis abaxial y adaxial de cada especie y entre especies: presencia o ausencia de micropelos, macropelos y aguijones; tipo de células silíceas; grado de cohesión y número de papilas que rodean a los estomas. Las dimensiones y características de las células fusoides y fibras muestran diferencias entre las especies, al igual que los parámetros micrométricos registrados sobre los cortes transversales de las hojas. Conclusión: Los caracteres morfo-anatómicos en conjunto con aquellos morfológicos permiten la caracterización de las especies de Bambusa estudiadas.

Abstract Background: Sporadic flowering contributes significantly to genetic diversity and connectivity among populations. Woody bamboos present sporadic or gregarious flowering patterns with long flowering cycles. In this study, we analyze the genetic diversity of three Guadua species distributed along the Gulf of Mexico slope that have different patterns of flowering. Questions: (1) Are the three Guadua species genetically differentiated? (2) Does the vulnerable species G. inermis have low levels of genetic diversity? (3) What is the relative contribution of geographic and environmental factors to the genetic structure of G. inermis? Species studied: G. amplexifolia, Guadua inermis and G. tuxtlensis. Study site and dates: During 2014 and 2015, we collected samples of G. inermis in Puebla and southeastern Mexico, G. amplexifolia in Veracruz and Oaxaca, and G. tuxtlensis in southern Veracruz. Methods: We successfully amplified five of nine SSR markers, and genotyped a total of 155 samples. Results: The three Guadua species were genetically differentiated. For G. inermis, we found high levels of population genetic diversity, which are relatively higher than those of other monocot species. Genetic differentiation was high and three groups were detected: north, central and south. We found a significant association between genetic distances and the maximum temperature of the warmest month, but not with geographic distance. Conclusions: Our study is the first to analyze levels of genetic diversity in Mexican bamboos and confirms their taxonomic identity. G. inermis has a strong genetic structure, even when populations are geographically close.

Resumen Antecedentes: La floración esporádica puede influenciar la estructura genética de las poblaciones. Los bambúes presentan patrones de floración esporádica o gregaria. En este estudio analizamos la diversidad genética de tres especies de Guadua con diferentes patrones de floración distribuidos en la Vertiente del Golfo de México. Preguntas: 1) ¿Están las tres especies de Guadua (G. inermis, G. amplexifolia y G. tuxtlensis) genéticamente diferenciadas? 2) ¿Presenta G. inermis bajos niveles de diversidad genética? 3) ¿Cuál es la contribución relativa de los factores geográficos y ambientales en la estructura genética de G. inermis? Especies de estudio: G. amplexifolia, Guadua inermis y G. tuxtlensis. Sitio y años de estudio: En 2014 y 2015, colectamos muestras de G. inermis en Puebla y sureste de México; G. amplexifolia en Veracruz y Oaxaca, y G. tuxtlensis en el sureste de Veracruz. Métodos: Amplificamos exitosamente cinco marcadores SSR de un total de nueve y genotipificamos 155 muestras. Resultados: Las tres especies analizadas están genéticamente diferenciadas. G. inermis presentó altos niveles de diversidad genética, y superiores a otras especies de monocotiledóneas. Los niveles de diferenciación genética fueron altos y se detectaron tres grupos: norte, sur y centro. Encontramos una asociación significativa entre las distancias genéticas con la temperatura máxima del mes más caliente, pero no con la distancia geográfica. Conclusiones: Nuestro trabajo es el primer estudio que evalúa los niveles de diversidad genética en bambúes mexicanos y confirma su identidad taxonómica. G. inermis tiene una estructura genética alta, incluso cuando las poblaciones están cerca geográficamente.

ABSTRACT There is a knowledge gap regarding the influence of bamboos on natural regeneration. This study evaluated how abundance, richness, dominance, evenness, diversity of the seed bank and biotic and abiotic factors (e.g., canopy opening, herbaceous cover, and litter thickness), differ between bamboo dominated (B) and non-dominated (NB) areas. The study was conducted in a fragment of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest surrounded by an agricultural landscape. Soil samples were taken at 20 points in each area at two time periods, to evaluate the seed bank. The results show that diversity and structural parameters of the seed bank differ between areas and time periods. There was higher abundance and richness of seedlings of herbaceous ruderal species in area B and a greater abundance of seedlings of arboreal species in area NB. Sampling points in the bamboo dominated area had greater canopy openings and greater cover by herbaceous species, facilitating the establishment of individuals belonging to the families Poaceae and Cyperaceae, which could have competitive advantages over other species of the regenerating community. Considering that bamboo can affect the seed bank, long-term studies are needed to understand successional dynamics and evaluate suitable management actions to conserve the diversity in remaining forests.

Abstract Background: The Neotropical woody bamboos (NWB) comprise a clade native to the Western Hemisphere. Taxonomically the NWB are classified into three subtribes: Arthrostylidiinae, Chusqueinae, and Guaduinae. These woody bamboos are distributed from northern Mexico and the West Indies to south-central Chile and Argentina and from sea level to over 4,000 m in elevation. The most recent comprehensive treatment of the diversity and classification of NWB was published just over 20 years ago, and knowledge of the NWB has greatly increased in the interim. Questions and / or Hypotheses: How much has our knowledge of Neotropical woody bamboo diversity, distribution and classification changed in the last 20 years? Results: The present work reviews the current state of Neotropical woody bamboo taxonomy and provides 1) new morphological keys (in English and Spanish) to and synoptic descriptions of the NWB genera; 2) an updated comprehensive species list; and 3) a biodiversity analysis by country and habitat type. Neotropical woody bamboo diversity presently totals 446 species in 23 genera. In the 21st century, 103 new species and five genera of NWB have been described. Conclusions: The new species and genera described since 2000 have produced an increase in species richness of 29.5 % and a net increase in generic richness of 26.3 %. This new review will be useful for systematists, ecologists, conservation biologists and others working with woody bamboos in the Neotropics.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los bambúes leñosos neotropicales (NWB) pertenecen al clado nativo de América. Taxonómicamente los NWB se clasifican en tres subtribus: Arthrostylidiinae, Chusqueinae, y Guaduinae. Estos bambúes se distribuyen desde el norte de México y las Indias occidentales hasta el Sur - Centro de Chile y Argentina, y desde el nivel del mar hasta por encima de los 4,000 m. El tratamiento más completo de la diversidad y clasificación de los NWB fue publicado hace 20 años y el conocimiento de los NWB se ha incrementado desde entonces. Preguntas y/o Hipótesis: ¿Cuánto ha cambiado nuestro conocimiento de la diversidad, distribución y clasificación de los bambúes leñosos neotropicales en los últimos 20 años? Resultados: En en este estudio se realiza una revisión del estado actual de los bambúes leñosos neotropicales y se provee 1) nuevas claves morfológicas (inglés y español) y una descripción sinóptica a nivel de géneros; 2) una lista completa y actualizada de las especies; y 3) un análisis de la biodiversidad por país y tipo de hábitat. La diversidad total de los bambúes leñosos neotropicales actualmente es de 446 especies y 23 géneros. En este siglo 21, se han descrito 103 especies y 5 nuevos géneros. Conclusiones: Las especies y géneros nuevos descritos desde el 2000 han producido un incremento en la riqueza del 29.5 % y un incremento neto a nivel genérico del 26.3 %. Esta nueva revisión será útil para los taxónomos, ecólogos, biólogos de la conservación y otros que trabajen con bambúes leñosos en el Neotrópico.

ABSTRACT Although karyotype features are useful data for evolutionary studies, cytogenetic data in Bambusoideae are mainly based only on chromosome counts. The first comparative cytogenetic analysis of three Neotropical woody bamboo species - Guadua chacoensis, G. angustifolia and Chusquea tenella - was undertaken based on new and reviewed chromosome counts, CMA/DAPI double staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 35S and 5S rDNA probes, and genome size estimation. The two species of Guadua were found to have 2n = 46 chromosomes, while the first record for C. tenella was 2n = 44. Only one pair of CMA+/DAPI- was detected on the terminal region of metacentric chromosomes in all three species. Likewise, one pair of 5S and 35S rDNA sites was detected in all three species, with the 35S rDNA sites always collocated with the CMA+ bands. Genome sizes ranged from 2C ≈ 3.99 pg for the species of Guadua, to 2C = 4.77 pg for C. tenella. Considering the Miocene origin of Neotropical woody bamboos, the observed karyotype stability suggests that the analyzed species are diploidized paleopolyploids. The results reveal the conservative cytomolecular organization of Neotropical woody bamboo karyotypes, which helps to improve our understanding of the evolution of this group.

Abstract Guerreiro, C. & Z. Rúgolo. 2020. A flowering event of the genus Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae). Darwiniana, nueva serie 8(2): 576-582. Flowering in woody bamboos is an intriguing phenomenon. Documenting a flowering event provides valuable information about bamboo life cycles. Chusquea argentina is a species endemic to the Andean Patagonian beech forests of Argentina and Chile. We here report a flowering event of C. argentina in northwestern Argentinean Patagonia. We provide a map of the area indicating flowering sites. Photographs showing details of the flowering event are presented. The epidemiological effects of the flowering of C. argentina are taken into consideration.

Resumen Guerreiro, C. & Z. Rúgolo. 2020. Un evento de floración en el género Chusquea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae). Darwiniana, nueva serie 8(2): 576-582. La floración de los bambúes leñosos es un fenómeno intrigante. El registro de un evento de floración proporciona información valiosa sobre los ciclos de vida de las especies. Chusquea argentina es una especie endémica de los bosques andino-patagónicos de la Argentina y Chile. Este reporte tiene por finalidad dar a conocer un evento de floración de C. argentina ocurrido en el noroeste de la Patagonia Argentina. Se presenta un mapa de la zona en el cual se indican los sitios de floración y fotografías de la entidad que incluyen detalles de su floración. Los efectos epidemiológicos de la floración de C. argentina se toman en consideración.

Resumo O presente estudo trata do levantamento florístico das espécies de Bambusoideae (Poaceae) que ocorrem no Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (PESB), Minas Gerais, Brasil. O domínio fitogeográfico em que a área de estudo está inserida é a Floresta Atlântica, considerada um dos centros de endemismo de bambus. Foram realizadas expedições de agosto de 2013 a julho de 2015 para a coleta do material botânico e observação das espécies no seu ambiente natural. Além disso, foram analisadas as coleções dos herbários BHCB, CESJ, HUEFS, ISC, K, MG, RB, SPF, VIC e VIES. Foram registradas 27 espécies pertencentes a seis gêneros. O gênero com maior número de espécies é Chusquea, com 16 espécies, seguido de Merostachys e Aulonemia, com quatro espécies cada, e Colanthelia, Guadua e Parodiolyra com uma espécie cada. São apresentadas chaves de identificação para os gêneros e as espécies, descrições e comentários morfológicos. O PESB apresenta a maior riqueza de espécies de bambus já registrada nas unidades de conservação de Minas Gerais.

Abstract This study consists of a floristic survey of the Bambusoideae (Poaceae) species that occur in the Serra do Brigadeiro State Park (PESB). The study area is inserted in the Atlantic Forest, considered as one of the centers of bamboo endemism. We carried out expeditions from August 2013 to July 2015 for the collection of botanical material and observation of the species in their natural environment. In addition, the collections of the herbaria BHCB, CESJ, HUEFS, ISC, K, MG, RB, SPF, VIC, and VIES were analyzed. Six genera and 27 species were recorded in the PESB. The most diverse genus is Chusquea with 16 species, followed by Merostachys and Aulonemia with four species each, and Colanthelia, Guadua, and Parodiolyra with one species each. Identification keys for genera and species, descriptions, and morphological comments are presented. PESB has the highest bamboo species richness recorded for the conservation units of Minas Gerais.

RESUMO As florestas amazônicas de bambu estão localizadas em uma importante região de alta biodiversidade no Brasil, Peru e Bolívia, formando a maior reserva florestal de bambu nativo do mundo. Contudo, os bambus dessas florestas possuem características que dificultam sua propagação. Objetivou-se avaliar a ação biocida de mistura preservativa para plantas no controle de contaminantes, durante o estabelecimento in vitro de Guadua latifolia (Bonpl.) Kunth, uma espécie nativa da região. Segmentos nodais foram cultivados em meio de cultura semissólido contendo mistura preservativa para plantas (PPMTM), nas concentrações de 0; 1; 2; e 3 mL L-1, e suplementado com 2 mg L-1 de 6-benzilaminopurina. As variáveis analizadas foram número de brotos, porcentagem de contaminação bacteriana e fúngica, e sobrevivência de brotos. Os tratamentos com o biocida sintético foram eficientes no controle da contaminação in vitro ocasionada por bactérias e fungos (Fusarium sp.), apresentando, também, a maior taxa de sobrevivência dos brotos regenerados. Para o estabelecimento in vitro dessa espécie nativa de bambu, recomenda-se o uso de 2 mL L-1 de PPMTM.

ABSTRACT The Amazonian bamboo forests are located in an important region of high biodiversity in Brazil, Peru and Bolivia, forming the largest native bamboo forest reserve in the world. However, the bamboos from these forests have characteristics that hinder their propagation. This study aimed to evaluate the biocide action of a plant preservative mixture for controling contaminants, during the in vitro establishment of Guadua latifolia (Bonpl.) Kunth, a species native to the region. Nodal segments were cultured in a semi-solid medium containing Plant Preservative Mixture (PPMTM), at the concentrations of 0; 1; 2; and 3 mL L-1, and supplemented with 2 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine. The analyzed variables were number of shoots, percentage of bacterial and fungal contamination, and shoot survival. The treatments with the synthetic biocide were efficient in controlling the in vitro contamination caused by bacteria and fungi (Fusarium sp.), also presenting the highest survival rate of regenerated shoots. For the in vitro establishment of this native bamboo species, the use of 2 mL L-1 of PPMTM is recommended.

RESUMEN Este artículo es una revisión bibliográfica sobre las funciones ecológicas que caracterizan a los bambúes, por las cuales merecen un mayor reconocimiento e inclusión en los programas de restauración ecológica. Los bambúes son un grupo de plantas muy diverso, de amplia distribución geográfica y económicamente importante. Aunque son más reconocidos por los usos comerciales, su potencial de uso en programas de restauración ecológica es prometedor, ya que pueden ser eficientes en la prestación de varios servicios ambientales relacionados con el suelo, el agua y el secuestro de carbono. Su rápido crecimiento, junto con su capacidad para controlar la erosión y mantener el agua a nivel del suelo, así como para proporcionar nutrientes mediante la descomposición de la hojarasca, convierte a los bambúes en un grupo valioso para la recuperación de áreas degradadas y para la restauración productiva de ecosistemas, en particular a través de sistemas agroforestales. Los enfoques agroforestales pueden combinar diferentes especies de bambú con otros cultivos, para satisfacer las necesidades humanas y generar a la vez beneficios para los ecosistemas. De manera similar, los bosques o plantaciones de bambúes, junto con sistemas agroforestales mixtos, pueden actuar como áreas de conexión y corredores biológicos, en paisajes muy fragmentados, proporcionando refugio y alimento para una amplia diversidad de organismos. A pesar de las percepciones de que los bambúes pueden ser invasivos, las pruebas para apoyar esto son limitadas. Recomendamos una evaluación cuidadosa de las características biológicas de las especies de bambúes seleccionadas, antes de su implementación en proyectos de restauración productiva y de recuperación de los servicios ambientales.

ABSTRACT This article is a bibliographic review on the ecological functions that distinguish bamboos, for which they deserve greater recognition and inclusion in ecological restoration programs. Bamboos are a highly diverse, geographically widespread and economically important plant group. Although they are more recognized by commercial uses, their potential for use in ecological restoration programs is promising, as they can be effective in delivery of several environmental services related to soil, water and carbon sequestration. Their rapid growth, along with their abilities to control erosion and maintain water at soil level, as well as provide nutrients by litterfall decomposition, make them a valuable group for recovery of degraded areas and in productive restoration of ecosystems, in particular via agroforestry systems. Agroforestry approaches can combine different bamboo species with other crops, to meet human needs while generating benefits for ecosystems. Similarly, bamboo forests or plantations together with mixed agroforestry systems can act as stepping-stones and biological corridors, in very fragmented landscapes by providing shelter and food for a wide diversity of organisms. Despite perceptions that bamboos can be invasive, evidence to support this is limited. We recommend careful evaluation of the biological characteristics of bamboo species selected, prior to deployment in productive restoration projects and for the recovery of environmental services.