Abstract In aquaculture, biological treatments usually have an excellent benefit-cost ratio. This study evaluated the efficiency of different ecotechnologies on aquaculture wastewater treatment. Two experimental units were installed. In the first one, tanks were individually vegetated with free-floating aquatic macrophytes. In the second experimental unit, 10.72 m² of artificial substrate were added for periphyton colonization. The hydraulic retention time of the wastewater was of 30 days. Both physical and chemical characterizations of the effluent were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The periphyton community attached to the substrate was catalogued. In the first unit, the pH, nitrite, and orthophosphate values were significantly different. The tanks vegetated with Azolla filiculoides were the only ones where the electrical conductivity values were reduced. Tanks vegetated with Azolla filiculoides and Pontederia crassipes presented decreased the nitrate concentration. On the other hand, the concentration of ammonia and total phosphorus decreased in all vegetated tanks. In the second unit, only the nitrate and ammonia values did not decrease in the last day of the experiment. 33 taxa belonging to the classes Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae and Zygnematophyceae were identified in the substrate. The experimental units were effective in mitigating the nutrients in aquaculture wastewater that cause eutrophication. benefitcost benefit cost ratio treatment installed one freefloating free floating macrophytes unit 1072 10 72 10.7 m colonization 3 days experiment catalogued pH nitrite reduced hand Cyanophyceae Chlorophyceae Bacillariophyceae Trebouxiophyceae Coleochaetophyceae eutrophication 107 1 7 10.

RESUMEN Los humedales constituyen uno de los ecosistemas más importantes que contribu- yen en gran medida a la productividad primaria y aportan oxígeno atmosférico. Se estudió la diversidad algal y su papel ecológico en Pariyapurath Chali. Se siguieron métodos estándar de recolección, identificación y preservación, y se relevó su im- portancia en el ecosistema. Se recolectaron un total de 52 muestras, de las cuales se identificaron 65 taxones. Los que pertenecían a 4 clases: Chlorophyceae, Bacilla- riophyceae, Euglenophyceae y Cyanophyceae. La ocurrencia de cianobacterias fue alta en el sitio de estudio, las cianobacterias sin heterocistos fueron más frecuentes en todos los sitios de muestreo, especialmente en el suelo con alto contenido de ni- trógeno orgánico. En esta contribución se incrementa el conocimiento taxonómico de las algas de los humedales de la India.

ABSTRACT Wetlands are one of the important ecosystems which contribute much to primary productivity and atmospheric oxygen. Algal diversity and their ecological role in Pariyapurath Chali were studied. Standard methods for collection, identification and preservation were followed, and their importance in the ecosystem were noted. A total of 52 samples were collected, of which 65 taxa were identified. These taxa belonged to 4 classes; Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Cy- anophyceae. The occurrence of cyanobacteria was high in the study site, the non-het- rocystous cyanobacteria were more frequent in all the sampling sites especially in the soil with high nitrogen and organic content. This contribution increases the taxonomic knowledge of Indian wetland algae.

Abstract Halamphora adumbratoides was described in 2018 from the Atlantic Ocean (Florida Bay, USA), the type locality of this species. In this report, we present the morphological characteristics and molecular identity of this taxon (strain CIBA 160) collected in the Gulf of California, Mexico (Pacific Ocean region). Cells of the strain CIBA 160 obtained from laboratory cultures showed morphological characteristics inconsistent with the original description, specifically the shape of the valve and the presence of pores at the end of the dorsal raphe ledge at each end of the raphe. Regarding size, the length (4.1-6.6 μm) of the CIBA 160 strain is much shorter than in the original description (10.0-18.0 μm). However, the valve width and number of striae do coincide with the ranges in that description. At the molecular level, DNA sequences of the CIBA 160 strain showed 100, 99.8, and 99.5% similarity, respectively, for SSU, rbcL, and psbC with the H. adumbratoides sequences from the Atlantic Ocean. Our study supports the first case of interoceanic distribution and the second overall recording of this species.

Resumen Halamphora adumbratoides fue descrita en 2018 en muestras procedentes del Océano Atlántico, siendo Florida Bay, USA, la localidad tipo para esta especie. En esta publicación, presentamos las características morfológicas y la identidad molecular de este taxón (cepa CIBA 160) colectado en el Golfo de California, México (en la región del Océano Pacífico). Las células de la cepa CIBA 160, fueron obtenidas mediante cultivos de laboratorio y mostró características que no corresponden con la descripción original, específicamente la forma de la valva y la presencia de poros al final de cada extremo del margen dorsal del rafe. En relación al tamaño, la longitud (4.1-6.6 μm) de la cepa CIBA 160 es menor a la de la descripción original (10.0-18.0 μm). Sin embargo, el ancho de la valva y el número de estrías coinciden con los intervalos de la descripción. A nivel molecular, las secuencias del DNA de la cepa CIBA 160 mostraron 100, 99.8, y 99.5% de similitud, respectivamente con las secuencias de SSU, rbcL, y psbC de células de H. adumbratoides originarias del Océano Atlántico. Nuestro trabajo presenta el primer registro de la distribución interoceánica y el segundo registro para esta especie desde su descripción.

Abstract The BIOTA/FAPESP Program made the “São Paulo State algal flora” possible through a very intensive sampling program that aimed at (1) collecting as equally as possible from lentic, semi-lentic, and lotic environments, (2) performing the most uniform possible coverage of the state’s territory, and (3) fostering the collection of periphytic and surface sediments materials that had been extremely neglected till then. The study of all this material made it clear that the biodiversity of the Zygnematophyceae increased by 100%, the Euglenophyceae by 34%, and the Chlorophyceae by 97%, the last being only due to the study of the Chlorococcales. The Bacillariophyceae are in the final phase of their floristic survey, but it is already possible to see an increase in biodiversity of over 700%. Byproducts from the BIOTA/FAPESP algae are a key for the taxonomic identification of freshwater algal genera occurring in Brazil in its third edition, and the production of the most complete algal flora ever carried out in Brazil, that of the Ipiranga River Sources State Park that already totals 919 taxa. BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP São 1 (1 lentic semilentic, semilentic semi semi-lentic environments 2 (2 states state s territory 3 (3 then 100 100% 34 34% 97 97% Chlorococcales survey 700 700% edition 91 taxa ( 10 9 70 7

Resumo O Programa BIOTA/FAPESP possibilitou a organização da “Flora ficológica do Estado de São Paulo” com o desenvolvimento de um programa intensivo de coleta que visou (1) amostrar de forma equivalente os ambientes lêntico, semilêntico e lótico, (2) realizar da forma mais uniforme possível a cobertura do território do Estado e (3) privilegiar a coleta de materiais perifítico e de sedimentos superficiais, que haviam sido extremamente negligenciados até então. O estudo de todo esse material mostrou que as Zygnematophyceae apresentaram aumento de 100% de sua biodiversidade, as Euglenophyceae de 34% e as Chlorophyceae de 97%, porcentual este, entretanto, devido à conclusão apenas do estudo das Chlorococcales. As Bacillariophyceae estão na fase de conclusão de seu levantamento florístico, mostrando que o aumento da biodiversidade deverá suplantar os 700%. Há, finalmente, produtos laterais gerados pelo Programa BIOTA/FAPESP representados pela publicação de uma chave para identificação dos gêneros de algas de águas continentais que ocorrem no Brasil, que se encontra na terceira edição; e a realização da flora ficológica mais completa já produzida em nível brasileiro, a do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga que soma, em fase de finalização, 919 táxons. BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Flora Paulo 1 (1 lêntico lótico 2 (2 3 (3 superficiais então 100 34 97 97% este entretanto Chlorococcales florístico 700 700% Há finalmente Brasil edição brasileiro soma finalização 91 táxons ( 10 9 70 7

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine if there are any differences in the attributes and composition of the phytoplankton and epiphyton communities between organic (OF) and conventional (CF) rice fields. We also strove to identify if there were any variations in these communities by comparing samples taken from two different periods (12 and 35 days) after the application of the herbicide clomazone and penoxsulam in CF. The farms are located in the Pampa Biome, Southern Brazil. Phytoplankton samples from the subsurface water and epiphyton samples from the rice stems were analyzed using the Utermöhl method. The CF and OF had distinct environmental conditions (pH, conductivity, and turbidity values), and the residual concentration of the herbicides decreased over time. There were no significant differences in epiphyton and phytoplankton density, or in phytoplankton richness, between the rice fields; only the epiphyton richness and taxonomic composition showed differences between the rice fields. Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyceae comprised a large proportion of the epiphytic density in CF and OF, respectively. However, Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae had greater phytoplankton densities in CF and OF, respectively. The taxonomic composition of communities should be considered an effective tool to show the differences between the two cultivation systems.

Survey was carried out of family Bacillariaceae (Bacillariophyceae) in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, southeast Brazil, based on 28 samples. Analysis of specimens from the morphological point of view was made utilizing light microscope after oxidation and preparation of permanent slides. Four genera, 27 species and three varieties that are not the typical of their respective species were identified, from which nine are new registers for the State São Paulo [Nitzschia acicularis Hustedt, N. acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot, N. clausii Hantzsch, N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst, N. intermedia Hantzsch, N. palea (Kützing) W. Smith var. tenuirostris Grunow, N. subacicularis Hustedt, Tryblionella debilis Arnott ex O’Meara, and T. victoriae Grunow], and two are new records for the Brazilian territory [Grunowia solgensis (Cleve-Euler) Aboal and N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst var. borneensis Kützing]. Each identification was based on population samples, is presented by their morphological description and measurements, and is illustrated by photomicrographs.

O levantamento florístico da família Bacillariaceae (Bacillariophyceae) foi realizado para a área do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brasil, com base em 28 unidades amostrais. O exame do material do ponto de vista morfológico foi realizado ao microscópio óptico após oxidação e confecção de lâminas permanentes. Quatro gêneros, 27 espécies e três variedades que não são as típicas de suas respectivas espécies foram identificados. Nove desses táxons foram registrados pioneiramente para o Estado de São Paulo [Nitzschia acicularis Hustedt, N. acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot, N. clausii Hantzsch, N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst, N. intermedia Hantzsch, N. palea (Kützing) W. Smith var. tenuirostris Grunow, N. subacicularis Hustedt, Tryblionella debilis Arnott ex O’Meara e T. victoriae Grunow] e dois para o Brasil [Grunowia solgensis (Cleve-Euler) Aboal e N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst var. borneensis Kützing]. Todo material foi identificado com base em amostras populacionais, descrito através de suas características morfológicas e medidas e ilustrado por fotomicrografias.

RESUMO Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP. Algae 46: Bacillariophyceae (Bacillariaceae). O levantamento florístico da família Bacillariaceae (Bacillariophyceae) foi realizado para a área do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, Brasil, com base em 28 unidades amostrais. O exame do material do ponto de vista morfológico foi realizado ao microscópio óptico após oxidação e confecção de lâminas permanentes. Quatro gêneros, 27 espécies e três variedades que não são as típicas de suas respectivas espécies foram identificados. Nove desses táxons foram registrados pioneiramente para o Estado de São Paulo [Nitzschia acicularis Hustedt, N. acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot, N. clausii Hantzsch, N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst, N. intermedia Hantzsch, N. palea (Kützing) W. Smith var. tenuirostris Grunow, N. subacicularis Hustedt, Tryblionella debilis Arnott ex O’Meara e T. victoriae Grunow] e dois para o Brasil [Grunowia solgensis (Cleve-Euler) Aboal e N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst var. borneensis Kützing]. Todo material foi identificado com base em amostras populacionais, descrito através de suas características morfológicas e medidas e ilustrado por fotomicrografias.

ABSTRACT Cryptogams of the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP. Algae, 46: Bacillariophyceae (Bacillariaceae). Survey was carried out of family Bacillariaceae (Bacillariophyceae) in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, southeast Brazil, based on 28 samples. Analysis of specimens from the morphological point of view was made utilizing light microscope after oxidation and preparation of permanent slides. Four genera, 27 species and three varieties that are not the typical of their respective species were identified, from which nine are new registers for the State São Paulo [Nitzschia acicularis Hustedt, N. acidoclinata Lange-Bertalot, N. clausii Hantzsch, N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst, N. intermedia Hantzsch, N. palea (Kützing) W. Smith var. tenuirostris Grunow, N. subacicularis Hustedt, Tryblionella debilis Arnott ex O’Meara, and T. victoriae Grunow], and two are new records for the Brazilian territory [Grunowia solgensis (Cleve-Euler) Aboal and N. dissipata (Kützing) Rabenhorst var. borneensis Kützing]. Each identification was based on population samples, is presented by their morphological description and measurements, and is illustrated by photomicrographs.

Resumen El fitoperifíton es una de las comunidades más importantes en las ciénagas o lagos de planos inundables por el papel que desempeña en el flujo de la energía, el ciclo de nutrientes y la productividad primaria de estos importantes ecosistemas. En este estudio se analizó la comunidad fitoperifítica asociada con tres especies de macrófitas (Ludwigia sedoides Humb. and Bonpl. Hara 1953, Nymphoides indica L. Kuntze, 1891 y Eichhornia azurea Swartz. Kunth, 1843) en una ciénaga tropical de la cuenca del río Atrato, Chocó, Colombia. Los muestreos se realizaron entre mayo y agosto del 2014 mediante la recolección de muestras de fitoperifíton de raíces de tres ejemplares de cada especie estudiada. Simultáneamente se midieron algunas variables físicas y químicas del agua circundante. Se registró una densidad de 1.160,63 ind.cm-2, distribuida en 82 morfoespecies, 26 familias, 16 órdenes y ocho clases, siendo la clase Bacillariophyceae la más abundante en las tres especies estudiadas. L. sedoides presentó la mayor densidad y riqueza fitoperifítica asociada. Se registraron diferencias en los valores de densidad, riqueza, diversidad y dominancia del fitoperifíton de las macrófitas estudiadas (p<0,05). El análisis de agrupamiento basado en el índice de Jaccard indicó poca similitud en la composición de la comunidad perifítica entre las especies de macrófitas, así como un marcado efecto del periodo hidrológico. En el estudio se establece la línea de base para el conocimiento de las comunidades fitoperifíticas asociadas con macrófitas en las ciénagas de zonas bajas tropicales como las del río Atrato.

Abstract The phytoperiphyton is one of the main communities in swamps or floodplains given its fundamental role in the energy flow, the nutrient cycle, and the primary productivity of these ecosystems. In the present study, I analyzed the phytoperiphytic community associated with three macrophyte species (Ludwigia sedoides Humb. and Bonpl. Hara 1953, Nymphoides indica L. Kuntze, 1891, and Eichhornia azurea Swartz. Kunth, 1843) in a tropical swamp in the Atrato River basin, Chocó-Colombia. I collected the phytoperiphyton samples between May and August 2014 from the roots of three specimens of each of the species under study, and I measured some physical and chemical variables of the surrounding water. I registered a density of 1160.63 ind.cm-2 distributed in 82 morphospecies, 26 families, 16 orders, and eight classes, the Bacillariophyceae class being the most abundant. L. sedoides presented the highest density and associated phytoperiphytic richness. I found differences in the density, richness, diversity, and dominance of the phytoperiphyton among the studied macrophytes (p<0.05). Clustering analysis based on the Jaccard index indicated a low similarity in the composition of the phytoperiphytic community among the macrophyte species, as well as a marked effect of the hydrological period. The present study constitutes a baseline for the knowledge of the phytoperiphytic communities associated with macrophytes in the swamps of low tropical areas such as the Atrato River basin.

Resumen En el presente estudio se evaluaron la diversidad y la distribución de la comunidad fitoperifítica de un río andino amazónico, el río Hacha (en el municipio de Florencia, Caquetá), mediante el análisis de esta comunidad asociada con un sustrato rocoso en cuatro estaciones del gradiente altitudinal del río en periodos de alta y baja precipitación. En cada periodo climático se analizó la variación espacial de la composición y la abundancia del fitoperifiton, así como los factores ambientales que pueden ser responsables de dicha variación, y se contrastaron a partir de pruebas de comparación múltiple, un Anova y un análisis de ordenación. Se evidenció un aumento aguas abajo de la temperatura, la turbidez, y la demanda biológica de oxígeno y amonio, y una disminución de oxígeno disuelto a medida que se pasaba de las mayores altitudes a las menores durante los dos períodos analizados. Las variables de turbidez, temperatura y conductividad influyeron positivamente sobre la abundancia y la biomasa. El índice de Shannon tuvo una relación inversa significativa con las variables de demanda biológica de oxígeno y amonio y una positiva con las variables de pH y oxígeno disuelto. La clase Bacillariophyceae fue la de mayor distribución altitudinal, así como de morfoespecies registradas (52,3 %), y las estaciones A1 y A2 presentaron la mayor diversidad fitoperifítica en los muestreos. La estación Puente López (A4) registró los menores valores de riqueza y valores elevados de demanda biológica de oxígeno y amonio en las dos épocas de muestreo.

Abstract In the present study, we evaluated the diversity and distribution of the phytoperiphytic community of the Hacha River, an Andean-Amazonian river in the Florencia (Caquetá) associated with a rocky substrate in four stations along the altitudinal gradient of the river during periods of high and low precipitation. In each season, we analyzed the spatial variation of the composition and the abundance of the phytoperiphyton, as well as the environmental factors that may be responsible for this variation, contrasting them through various tests, an Anova, and management analysis. We registered an increasing gradient downstream of temperature, turbidity, and biological demand for oxygen and ammonium, as well as decreasing values of dissolved oxygen from the highest altitudes to the lowest during the two periods analyzed. The turbidity, temperature, and conductivity variables positively influenced biomass and ammonia abundance. The Shannon index presented a significant inverse relationship with the biological oxygen demand and ammonia, and a positive one with pH and dissolved oxygen. The Bacillariophyceae class had the highest altitudinal distribution and stations A1 and A2 presented the greatest phytoperiphytic diversity among samplings. The Puente López station (A4) registered the lowest richness and high values of biological demand of oxygen and ammonium in the two sampling periods.

The floristic survey of Brachysira Kützing (Naviculales) of the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil, resulted from the analysis of 31 permanent preparations of diatom material collected between years 1991 and 2017. The water and substrate samples (macrophytes and rocks) from lentic systems, streams and the hydrophytoterium were collected and subsequently were oxidized for analysis under light microscope. Nine species and one morphotype were identified from 15 diatom slides, of which four species are new records for Brazil (Brachysira cf. calcicola Lange-Bertalot, Brachysira frenguellii (Manguin) Lange-Bertalot &amp; Moser, Brachysira huitotarum Vouilloud, Sala &amp; Núñez-Avellaneda and Brachysira intermedia (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot). Brachysira subrostrata Lange-Bertalot was registered for the first time in the State of São Paulo

O levantamento florístico do gênero Brachysira Kützing (Naviculales) do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, SP, Brasil, resultou da análise de 31 preparações permanentes de material coletado entre 1991 e 2017. As amostras de água e de substratos (macrófitas e rochas) de sistemas lênticos, riachos e do hidrofitotério foram coletadas e posteriormente oxidadas para análise ao microscópio de luz. Nove espécies e um morfotipo foram encontrados em 15 amostras de material do PEFI, sendo quatro novas citações para o Brasil (Brachysira cf. calcicola Lange-Bertalot, Brachysira frenguellii (Manguin) Lange-Bertalot &amp; Moser, Brachysira huitotarum Vouilloud, Sala &amp; Núñez-Avellaneda e Brachysira intermedia (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot). Brachysira subrostrata Lange-Bertalot foi registrada pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo.

Resumo: Objetivo Monitoramento do fitoplâncton como bioindicador para avaliar a condição do reservatório de Nasarawa e também avaliar a relação entre o fitoplâncton e as variáveis ambientais do reservatório. Métodos Amostras de fitoplâncton e água do reservatório de Nasarawa (Nigéria) foram coletadas e analisadas de forma padronizada durante dez meses (fevereiro de 2018 a novembro de 2018) em cinco locais de amostragem. Resultados Foram registrados 38 gêneros pertencentes a cinco principais famílias: Bacillariophyceae (42%), Chlorophyceae (24%) Cyanophyceae (13%), Deemidiaceae (18%) e Euglenophyceae (3%). Quatro classes de fitoplâncton; Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta Cyanophyta e Desmidiaceae mostram relação positiva com oxigênio dissolvido, pH, transparência e sólidos totais dissolvidos. A densidade total de fitoplâncton no reservatório foi maior na estação seca do que na estação chuvosa. O índice de poluição de Palmer foi empregado para avaliar a qualidade da água do reservatório. A pontuação total foi calculada em 25, mostrando evidências de poluição orgânica elevada. Conclusões A presença de indicadores de poluição orgânica Closterium sp, Navicula sp, Nitzschia sp, Synedra sp, Chlamydomonas sp, Cyclotella sp e Anacystis sp é um sinal de alerta para a deterioração das condições da qualidade da água do reservatório. Medidas são necessárias para reduzir a taxa de poluição do reservatório decorrente das atividades humanas na bacia hidrográfica do reservatório.

Abstract: Aim Phytoplankton monitoring as bioindicators to assess the health of the Nasarawa reservoir and also to evaluate the relationship between phytoplankton and reservoir environmental variables. Methods Phytoplankton and water samples from Nasarawa reservoir (Nigeria) were collected and analysed for ten months (February, 2018 to November, 2018) using standard methods at five sampling sites. Results A total of 38 genera belonging to five major families such as: Bacillariophyceae (42%), Chlorophyceae (24%) Cyanophyceae (13%), Deemidiaceae (18%) and Euglenophyceae (3%) were recorded. Four Phytoplankton classes; Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta Cyanophyta, and Desmidiaceae show positive close relation with dissolved oxygen, pH, transparency, and total dissolved solids. The overall phytoplankton density in the reservoir was higher in dry season than the wet season. Palmer pollution index was employed to study the water quality of the reservoir. The total score was calculated to be 25, showing evidence of high organic pollution. Conclusions The presence of organic pollution indicators Closterium sp, Navicula sp, Nitzschia sp, Synedra sp, Chlamydomonas sp, Cyclotella sp and Anacystis sp is a warning sign of the deteriorating condition of the water quality in the reservoir. Measures need to be enforced to reduce the rate of pollution of the reservoir arising from the human activities in the catchment of the reservoir.

RESUMO (Criptógamos do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Algae, 45: Bacillariophyceae (Naviculales: Brachysira)). O levantamento florístico do gênero Brachysira Kützing (Naviculales) do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, SP, Brasil, resultou da análise de 31 preparações permanentes de material coletado entre 1991 e 2017. As amostras de água e de substratos (macrófitas e rochas) de sistemas lênticos, riachos e do hidrofitotério foram coletadas e posteriormente oxidadas para análise ao microscópio de luz. Nove espécies e um morfotipo foram encontrados em 15 amostras de material do PEFI, sendo quatro novas citações para o Brasil (Brachysira cf. calcicola Lange-Bertalot, Brachysira frenguellii (Manguin) Lange-Bertalot & Moser, Brachysira huitotarum Vouilloud, Sala & Núñez-Avellaneda e Brachysira intermedia (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot). Brachysira subrostrata Lange-Bertalot foi registrada pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo.

ABSTRACT (Cryptogams of the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Algae, 45: Bacillariophyceae (Naviculales: Brachysira)). The floristic survey of Brachysira Kützing (Naviculales) of the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil, resulted from the analysis of 31 permanent preparations of diatom material collected between years 1991 and 2017. The water and substrate samples (macrophytes and rocks) from lentic systems, streams and the hydrophytoterium were collected and subsequently were oxidized for analysis under light microscope. Nine species and one morphotype were identified from 15 diatom slides, of which four species are new records for Brazil (Brachysira cf. calcicola Lange-Bertalot, Brachysira frenguellii (Manguin) Lange-Bertalot & Moser, Brachysira huitotarum Vouilloud, Sala & Núñez-Avellaneda and Brachysira intermedia (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot). Brachysira subrostrata Lange-Bertalot was registered for the first time in the State of São Paulo.

Resumen Las microalgas bentónicas tienen la capacidad natural de adherirse a diversos sustratos fijos sumergidos para formar biopelículas, las cuales tienen roles importantes no solo en ecosistemas naturales sino también en sistemas de producción acuícolas. Se llevó a cabo una investigación experimental para evaluar la capacidad formadora de biopelículas de dos microalgas bentónicas (Navicula incerta y Navicula sp.) en tres diferentes sustratos (malla plástica, tela y madera), bajo condiciones controladas de temperatura y luz. Los sustratos fueron arreglados a manera de cortinas suspendidas de un tubo de PVC dentro de acuarios de plástico (45 L de capacidad) con agua marina enriquecida con el medio F/2. El experimento se llevó hasta que la fase de crecimiento exponencial de la microalga fue alcanzada. Posteriormente la biomasa incorporada fue calculada gravimétricamente, y su composición bioquímica fue determinada por métodos estándar. La mayor cantidad de materia seca se observó para N. incerta en el sustrato de tela y la menor se encontró en el de madera. El mayor número de células asociadas a la biopelícula fue registrado para Navicula sp. en malla plástica (1.24 x 109 cel/m2), mientras que el menor se encontró para Navicula sp. en madera (1.43 x 108 cels/m2). Diferencias significativas en cuanto a materia orgánica se encontraron entre los sustratos y las especies, con valores más altos para N. incerta en tela (3.22 g/m2) y más bajos para Navicula sp. en madera (0.02 ± 0.05 g/m2). Los mejores perfiles bioquímicos para las biopelículas correspondieron a las formadas por N. incerta sobre malla plástica y Navicula sp. sobre tela. La red de plástico se consideró el mejor sustrato debido a la estabilidad de la biopelícula y la facilidad para cosechar la biomasa.

Abstract Benthic microalgae have the natural capacity to adhere to a diversity of fixed submerged substrates to form biofilms, which have important roles not only in natural ecosystems, but also in aquaculture systems. An experimental investigation was performed to assess the biofilm-forming capacity of two microalgae (Navicula incerta and Navicula sp.) on three different substrates (plastic net, fabric, and wood) under controlled temperature and light conditions. The substrates were arranged on curtains suspended from a wood stick, into plastic aquariums (45 L in capacity) filled with filtered marine water enriched with F/2 medium. The trial was carried out until the exponential growing phase of the microalgae was reached. After that, the incorporated biomass was gravimetrically calculated, and its biochemical composition was determined by standard methods. The greatest amount of incorporated dry matter was observed for Navicula sp. on fabric and the lowest was observed for wood. The highest number of cells associated with the biofilm was obtained for Navicula sp. on the plastic net (1.24 x 109 cells/m2), while the lowest was recorded for Navicula sp. on the wood (1.43 x 108 cells/m2). Significant differences in organic matter were found among the substrates, with the highest values for N. incerta on the fabric (3.22 g/m2) and the lowest for Navicula sp. on the wood (0.02 g/m2). The best biochemical profiles among the formed biofilms were observed for N. incerta on the plastic net and Navicula sp. on the fabric. The plastic net was considered the best substrate because of the stability of the biofilm and the easiness of harvesting the biomass.

RESUMEN La vegetación riparia es primordial para el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas acuáticos al aportar materia orgánica. Dado que el perifiton juega un rol indispensable en la dinámica de estos ecosistemas y existen pocos trabajos sobre su ecología en el Neotrópico, se planteó la pregunta: ¿Cómo afecta el tipo de cobertura vegetal de la zona riparia, la estructura del fitoperifiton de humedales de la Orinoquía? En noviembre de 2016 se estudiaron 15 humedales con cobertura boscosa y 15 humedales con vegetación herbácea en su zona riparia. Los humedales están ubicados en la zona periurbana de Villavicencio, Meta (Colombia). Se comparó la diversidad algal entre coberturas riparias y se realizaron análisis de Redundancia para determinar que variables ambientales explicaban la composición del fitoperifiton. Se encontraron 467 morfotipos de algas, el 36,2 % perteneció a la clase Zygnematophyceae, 35,3 % a Bacillariophyceae y 16 % a Chlorophyceae. En cuanto a las diatomeas, se encontraron 165 morfoespecies distribuidas en 30 géneros. Eunotia y Pinnularia fueron los más representativos. Los análisis multivariados indicaron que la composición de diatomeas se relacionó con la cobertura vegetal litoral y el carbono orgánico total. El resto del fitoperifiton fue explicado por la temperatura y la conductividad. Modelos de regresión lineal mostraron que la diversidad de diatomeas fue explicada por el número de sustratos, la temporalidad y la cobertura vegetal riparia. Los resultados permiten concluir que en humedales antropizados de la Orinoquía colombiana, el tipo de cobertura vegetal riparia afecta la composición y diversidad de las diatomeas.

ABSTRACT Riparian vegetation is essential for the functioning of aquatic ecosystems by providing organic matter. Given that periphyton plays an indispensable role in the dynamics of these ecosystems and there are few works on its ecology in the Neotropic our research question was: How does the riparian vegetation cover affect the structure of the phytoperiphyton in wetlands of the Orinoquía? In November 2016, we sampled 15 wetlands covered by forest and 15 wetlands covered by herbaceous vegetation in the riparian zone. The wetlands are located in the peri-urban area of Villavicencio, Meta (Colombia). The algal diversity between coverage types was compared and Redundancy Analyses were carried out to determine which environmental variables explain the phytoperiphyton composition. 467 morphotypes of microalgae were found, 36.2 % belonged to the Zygnematophyceae Class, 35.3 % to Bacillariophyceae, and 16 % to Chlorophyceae. 165 morpho-species of diatom distributed in 30 genera were found. Eunotia and Pinnularia were the most representative. The multivariate analyzes indicate that the composition of diatoms was related to the littoral vegetation coverage and the total organic carbon. The rest of the phytoperifiton was explained by temperature and conductivity. Linear regression models showed that the diversity of diatoms was explained by the number of substrates, temporality and the type of riparian coverage. We conclude that in anthropogenic wetlands of the Colombian Orinoquía, the type of riparian vegetation affects the composition and diversity of diatoms.

RESUMO Foi realizado um levantamento florístico de Epithemia (Bacillariophyceae) na área do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, SP, Brasil, com o objetivo de conhecer a diversidade taxonômica e a variabilidade morfológica do gênero. Ao total, 31 lâminas de diatomáceas foram examinadas das quais cinco foram usadas no presente estudo. Cinco espécies foram identificadas: E. proboscidea Kützing, E. gibba (Ehrenberg) Kützing, E. gibberula (Ehrenberg) Kützing, E. operculata (C. Agardh) Ruck & Nakov e Epithemia sp., com dominância de espécies perifíticas. Um táxon foi registrado pela primeira vez para o Brasil (E. proboscidea Kützing) e dois táxons para a área do PEFI (E. gibba (Ehrenberg) Kützing e E. operculata (C. Agardh) Ruck & Nakov).

ABSTRACT A survey of Epithemia (Bacillariophyceae) was carried out in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in order to know the taxonomic diversity and the morphological variability of the genus. A total of 31 diatoms slides were analyzed of which five were used in this study. Five species were identified: E. proboscidea Kützing, E. gibba (Ehrenberg) Kützing, E. gibberula (Ehrenberg) Kützing, E. operculata (C. Agardh) Ruck & Nakov and Epithemia sp., with the dominance of periphytic species. One taxon was recorded for the first time in Brazil (E. proboscidea Kützing) and two taxa in the PEFI area (E. gibba (Ehrenberg) Kützing and E. operculata (C. Agardh) Ruck & Nakov).