Abstract Introduction Atresia of the external auditory canal affects 1 in every 10 thousand to 20 thousand live births, with a much higher prevalence in Latin America, at 5 to 21 out of every 10 thousand newborns. The treatment involves esthetic and functional aspects. Regarding the functional treatment, there are surgical and nonsurgical alternatives like spectacle frames and rigid and softband systems. Active transcutaneous bone conduction implants (BCIs) achieve good sound transmission and directly stimulate the bone. Objective To assess the audiological performance and subjective satisfaction of children implanted with an active transcutaneous BCI for more than one year and to compare the outcomes with a nonsurgical adhesive bone conduction device (aBCD) in the same users. Methods The present is a prospective, multicentric study. The audiological performance was evaluated at 1, 6, and 12 months postactivation, and after a 1-month trial with the nonsurgical device. Results Ten patients completed all tests. The 4-frequency pure-tone average (4PTA) in the unaided condition was of 65 dB HL, which improved significantly to 20 dB HL after using the BCI for 12 months. The speech recognition in quiet in the unaided condition was of 33% on average, which improved significantly, to 99% with the BCI, and to 91% with the aBCD. Conclusion The aBCD demonstrated sufficient hearing improvement and subjective satisfaction; thus, it is a good solution for hearing rehabilitation if surgery is not desired or not possible. If surgery is an option, the BCI is the superior device in terms of hearing outcomes, particularly background noise and subjective satisfaction. 2 births America newborns aspects systems BCIs (BCIs (aBCD users prospective study 6 postactivation 1month month tests 4frequency frequency 4 puretone pure tone 4PTA PTA (4PTA 33 99 91 thus possible option 3 9

Abstract: In the market for functional products, identifying the tastes and preferences of consumers is crucial to defining marketing strategies due to its difficult to penetrate nature. This article presents a study using multivariate data by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) to detect consumers’ neuronal response to functional products and predict their purchasing decisions. The usefulness of neuromarketing was examined to evaluate the preferences of 16 subjects aged 20 to 29 years, who evaluated a series of samples through the sense of taste. Due to PCA being associated with frontopolar 1 located in the prefrontal cortex, we used PCA to reduce the dimensionality of the data obtained from EEG, finding that the low beta and low gamma frequency bands, along with the percentages of attention and meditation of the panelists, are the main factors in decision making. In addition, we used some digital image processing tools to support the evidence that there is a difference in the brain activity of the panelists when they taste functional products that they like and dislike. This finding can improve our understanding of decision-making and can be used in the food sector to generate a commercial strategy.

SUMMARY Objective : To describe the clinical and urodynamic features of the hypoactive detrusor (DU) in women. Methods : Cross sectional comparative study between two groups of women with lower tract urinary symptoms. Group 1 were patients with Pdet Qmax 30 or with the bladder emptying efficiency (BVE) criteria, and Group 2 were patients without DU. Central tendency measures and proportions were used to report results and parametric tests were performed to compare groups. Results : 155 patients were included, 44 with DU (Group 1) and 111 without DU (Group 2); mean age was 60,8 ± 16,3 and 55,7 ± 13,4 respectively (p=0,0468). Nocturia (p=0,0061) and micturition effort (p=0,000) were the only variables identified in the bivariate analysis who achieved statistical significance. Mean Watts factor (WF) was 3,2 ± 1,0 y 6,0 ± 2,2 in Group 1 and 2, respectively (p=0,000), while mean projected isovolumetric pressure 1 (PIP1) was 28,0 ± 7,5 and 45,9 ± 11,2, respectively (p=0,000). The multivariate analysis identified age above 60 years, nocturia and micturition effort associated with DU. Conclusion : Urodynamic parameters such as PIP1, BCI, BE and WF showed significant difference in the bivariate analysis, WF<5 and BCI <80 are best predictors of DU.

RESUMEN Objetivo : Determinar las características clínicas y urodinámicas en mujeres con detrusor hipoactivo (DU). Material y métodos : Estudio de serie de casos de corte transversal, retrospectivo, comparativo, entre 2 grupos de pacientes femeninos con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior (STUI). Grupo 1: pacientes con DU según criterios urodinámicos, presión del del detrusor en el flujo máximo de 30 cm H20 (PdetQmax30) o eficiencia del vaciado de la vejiga (BVE) y grupo 2: pacientes sin DU. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y proporciones para la descripción de los datos y pruebas paramétricas para la comparación entre grupos. Resultados : Ciento cincuenta y cinco pacientes fueron incluidos, 44 con DU (grupo 1) y 111 sin DU (grupo 2), con una media de edad de 60,8 ± 16,3 y 55,7 ± 13,4 respectivamente (p=0,0468). La nicturia (p=0,0061) y el esfuerzo miccional (p=0,000) fueron las únicas variables clínicas que presentaron una diferencia significativa en el análisis bivariado. La media de watts factor (WF) fue 3,2 ± 1,0 y 6,0 ± 2,2 en el grupo 1 y 2 respectivamente (p=0,000), mientras que el promedio de la presión isovolumétrica proyectada 1 (PIP1) fue de 28,0 ± 7,5 y 45,9 ± 11,2 respectivamente (p=0,000).En el análisis multivariado, la edad > 60 años, la nicturia, el esfuerzo miccional, tuvieron asociación significativa con DU. Conclusión : Las variables urodinámicas como PIP1, índice de contracción vesical (BCI), BVE y WF mostraron una diferencia significativa en el análisis bivariado, siendo el WF <5 y BCI <80 las que mejor identifican la presencia de DU en mujeres.

Abstract Detrusor hypocontractility (DH) is a disease without a gold standard treatment in traditional medicine. Therefore, there is a need to develop innovative therapies. The present report presents the case of a patient with DH who was transplanted with 2 x 106 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells twice and achieved significant improvements in their quality of life. The results showed that cell therapy reduced the voiding residue from 1,800 mL to 800 mL, the maximum cystometric capacity from 800 to 550 mL, and bladder compliance from 77 to 36.6 mL/cmH2O. Cell therapy also increased the maximum flow from 3 to 11 mL/s, the detrusor pressure from 08 to 35 cmH2O, the urine volume from 267 to 524 mL and the bladder contractility index (BCI) value from 23 to 90. The International Continence on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form score decreased from 17 to 8. Given the above, it is inferred that the transplantation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells is an innovative and efficient therapeutic strategy for DH treatment and improves the quality of life of patients affected by this disease. (DH medicine Therefore therapies 10 tissuederived tissue derived 1800 1 1,80 80 55 7 366 36 6 36. mLcmH2O mLcmHO cmH2O cmH O mL/cmH2O mLs s mL/s 0 cmHO 26 52 BCI (BCI 90 8 above 180 1,8 5 mLcmH 9 18 1,

Resumo A Hipocontratilidade Detrusora (HD) é uma doença sem um tratamento padrão-ouro na medicina tradicional. Logo, há a necessidade de desenvolvimento de terapias inovadoras. O presente relato apresenta um caso de paciente com HD transplantado duas vezes com 2 x 106 células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo que obteve melhoras significativas em sua qualidade de vida. Os resultados demonstraram que a terapia celular reduziu o resíduo miccional de 1.800mL para 800mL; a Capacidade Cistométrica Máxima de 800 para 550mL; a complacência de 77 para 36,6mL/cmH2O. A terapia celular também aumentou o fluxo máximo de 3 para 11mL/s; a pressão detrusora de 08 para 35cmH2O; o volume urinado de 267 para 524mL e o índice de contratilidade vesical (BCI) de 23 para 90. O score do International Continence on Incontinence Questionare - Short Form passou de 17 para 8. Diante do exposto, infere-se que o transplante de células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo é uma estratégia terapêutica inovadora e eficiente para o tratamento da HD e para melhoria da qualidade de vida de pacientes acometidos por essa doença. (HD padrãoouro padrão ouro tradicional Logo inovadoras 10 célulastronco células tronco 1800mL mL 1 800mL 80 550mL 7 366mLcmH2O mLcmHO 36 6mL cmH2O cmH 36,6mL/cmH2O 11mL/s 11mLs mLs 11mL s 0 35cmH2O cmHO 26 BCI (BCI 90 8 exposto inferese infere se mLcmH 9

Abstract In this paper, we present an attention classification method using Machine-Learning Algorithms. The EEG signals were recorded from ten engineering students with an EPOC+BCI using the electrodes F3, F4, P7, and P8 while solving some mathematical operations. The recording time for these activities is around 20 minutes. Next, a similar time EEG register is obtained while doing non-academic activities, such as chattering with the staff, checking cell phones, or playing a video game. With these EEG registers, we obtained a set of features to train and evaluate attention using Machine Learning algorithms. This research shows how engineering students interact with math topics in solving mental operations and complex reasoning by increasing brain domain and knowledge for mathematical reasoningrelated processes, such as sustained and shifting attention and logical constructions for object interaction during operations resolution. The Random Forest algorithm (RF) obtained the highest accuracy with 0.7392, an F1 Score of 0.7430, and the highest Specificity/Accuracy with 0.7261.

Resumen Se presenta un método de clasificación de la atención utilizando algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. Con las señales EEG de diez estudiantes de ingeniería adquiridas utilizando los electrodos F3, F4, P7 y P8 de una BCI EPOC+ mientras resuelven productos escalares, multiplicaciones algebraicas simples, simplificaciones e integrales por aproximadamente 20 minutos. Posteriormente, se obtiene un registro EEG de tiempo similar mientras se realizan actividades no académicas, como charlar con el personal, consultar el móvil o jugar a un videojuego. Se obtienen algunas características/parámetros, se entrenan y evalúan varios algoritmos de aprendizaje automático para la clasificación de la atención. Los resultados de esta investigación pueden mejorar la forma en que los estudiantes de ingeniería interactúan con los temas matemáticos en la resolución de operaciones mentales y razonamientos complejos, aumentando el dominio y el conocimiento cerebral para los procesos relacionados con el razonamiento matemático, como la atención sostenida y cambiante y las construcciones lógicas para la interacción con objetos durante la resolución de operaciones. El clasificador Random Forest obtuvo la mayor precisión con 0.7392, una puntuación F1 de 0.7430 y la mayor especificidad/precisión con 0.7261.

Resumen La asignación relativa de energía que los organismos destinan a los procesos reproductores (esfuerzo reproductor) constituye un tema central en la teoría de historias de vida. Documentamos algunos aspectos de la ecología e inversión reproductora de 2 especies de esquincos vivíparos del género Plestiodon de México, una especie no descrita previamente asignada a P. brevirostris (Plestiodon sp., La Malinche, Tlaxcala, 2,700-3,000 m) y P. dugesii (2 poblaciones, Mazamitla y Tapalpa, Jalisco, 2,400-2,500 m). Usamos la masa relativa de camada (MRC) como medida del esfuerzo reproductor y calculamos un índice de condición corporal (ICC) como aproximación del estado energético de hembras no gestantes, posparturientas y neonatos. No hubo diferencias en las características reproductoras de las 2 poblaciones de P. dugesii. Ninguna especie presentó dimorfismo sexual en la talla y la talla de la hembra no influyó sobre la MRC ni en el tamaño o en la masa de la camada. El ICC de las hembras influyó sobre la MRC y, en P. dugesii, el tamaño de camada se correlacionó negativamente con el ICC de neonatos. Pese a las semejanzas generales en inversión reproductora, parece haber presiones selectivas diferenciales que moldean las características de las crías de estas 2 especies.

Abstract The relative allocation of energy organisms devote to reproductive processes (aka reproductive effort) constitutes a central topic in life history theory. We document some aspects of the reproductive ecology and investment of 2 viviparous skinks of the genus Plestiodon from Mexico: an undescribed species previously assigned to P. brevirostris (Plestiodon sp., La Malinche, Tlaxcala, 2,700-3,000 m) and P. dugesii (2 populations, Mazamitla and Tapalpa, Jalisco; 2,400-2,500 m). We used relative litter mass (RLM) as a measure of reproductive effort and calculated a body condition index (BCI) as a proxy of the energy status of non-pregnant females, post-parturient females, and neonates. There were no differences in any of the reproductive characteristics between the 2 populations of P. dugesii. Both species lacked sexual size dimorphism, and female body size did not influence RLM, litter size nor litter mass. However, female BCI influenced RLM and, in P. dugesii, a larger litter size correlated with a lower BCI of neonates. Despite their overall similarities in reproductive investment, there seem to be differential selective pressures shaping offspring characteristics of these 2 lizard species.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a influência de diferentes espessuras de esmalte e dentina na medição dos níveis de saturação de oxigênio (SpO2) em alta (HP) e baixa (LP) perfusão sanguínea, comparando os valores obtidos em dois oxímetros de pulso (OPs) diferentes, BCI e Sense 10. Trinta dentes recém-extraídos de humanos tiveram suas coroas interpostas entre os OPs e um simulador óptico, que simulava a SpO2 e os batimentos cardíacos por minuto (bpm) nos modos de HP (100% SpO2 / 75 bpm) e LP (86% SpO2 / 75 bpm). Após, as superfícies palatinas / linguais dos dentes foram desgastadas com brocas de diamantadas. A leitura da SpO2 foi realizada novamente usando os dois OPs alternadamente através da face vestibular de cada coroa dental. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney e Kendall Tau-b (α = 5%). Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa nos modos HP e LP nas leituras de SpO2 através das diferentes espessuras dentárias com o uso do BCI, e no modo LP com o uso do Sense 10, que teve correlação linear significativa (p <0,0001) e menores valores de leitura de SpO2 em relação ao aumento da espessura dentária. Independentemente da espessura do dente, o Sense 10 apresentou valores de leitura significativamente maiores (p <0,0001) do que o BCI em ambos os modos de perfusão. A interposição de diferentes espessuras de esmalte e dentina influenciaram a mensuração da SpO2 pelos OPs, especialmente no modo de baixa perfusão. Os POs foram mais precisos na mensuração da SpO2 quando os níveis simulados de perfusão foram maiores.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different dental tissue thickness on the measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels in high (HP) and low (LP) blood perfusion by comparing the values obtained from two different pulse oximeters (POs) - BCI and Sense 10. Thirty freshly extracted human teeth had their crowns interposed between the POs and an optical simulator, which emulated the SpO2 and heart beats per minute (bpm) at HP (100% SpO2/75 bpm) and LP (86% SpO2/75 bpm) modes. Afterwards, the palatine/lingual surfaces of the dental crowns were worn with diamond drills. The reading of SpO2 was performed again using the POs alternately through the buccal surface of each dental crown. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Kendall Tau-b tests (α=5%). The results showed significant difference at the HP and LP modes in the SpO2 readouts through the different dental thicknesses with the use of BCI, and at the LP mode with the use of Sense 10, which had a significant linear correlation (p<0.0001) and lower SpO2 readout values in relation to the increase of the dental thickness. Irrespective of tooth thickness, Sense 10 had significantly higher readout values (p<0.0001) than BCI at both perfusion modes. The interposition of different thicknesses of enamel and dentin influenced the POs measurement of SpO2, specially at the low perfusion mode. The POs were more accurate in SpO2 measurement when simulated perfusion levels were higher.

Abstract: The main objective of this research study is to assess possible applications, as a construction material or component, for sugarcane’s (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse by examining its physicochemical properties. Sugarcane’s bagasse is the fibrous residue obtained after grinding and squeezing sugarcane’s stem. Industrial (BCI) and hand-crafted (BCA) sugarcane bagasse samples were obtained from the Piura Region, Peru. Analyzes of the samples showed that BCA’s sugar content triples that of BCI. The results show that BCI contains 42.91% cellulose, 27.91% hemicellulose, and 9.74% lignin. On the other hand, BCA contains 29.80% cellulose, 20.61 % hemicellulose, and 5.70% lignin. Humidity is higher in fresh BCI samples (43.94 to 44.42%) than in stored BCI samples (37.82 a 39.09%). It is concluded that industrial and hand-crafted processing of sugarcane bagasse considerably alters its properties.

Resumen: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo proponer posibles aplicaciones, como material o componente constructivo, para el bagazo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) a partir de sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. El bagazo de caña de azúcar es el residuo fibroso obtenido tras moler y exprimir sus tallos. Se analizan muestras de bagazo de origen industrial (BCI) y de origen artesanal (BCA) de la región de Piura, Perú. Los resultados muestran que el porcentaje de azúcar en el BCA triplica al BCI. El BCI tiene 42.91% de celulosa, 27.92% de hemicelulosa y 9.74% de lignina. Por su parte, la muestra de BCA tiene 29.80% de celulosa, 20.61% de hemicelulosa, y 5.70% de lignina. En cuanto a los valores de humedad, son mayores en las muestras de BCI frescas (43.94 a 44.42%) en comparación con las muestras de BCI almacenadas (37.82 a 39.09%). Se concluye que el procesamiento industrial o artesanal del bagazo afecta considerablemente sus propiedades.

Resumen En este trabajo, se describe cómo las ondas cerebrales producidas en el lóbulo lateral izquierdo del cerebro humano y detectadas con un auricular NeuroSky MindFlex fueron usadas para controlar voluntariamente una prótesis de mano. En primera instancia, las señales EEG (electroencefalograficas) son detectadas por una BCI (Interfaz de control cerebral) y tras ser analizadas con la ayuda de un microcontrolador ARDUINO su espectro de frecuencias es dividido en rangos Alfa, Beta, Theta y Gamma. Como resultado del análisis EEG, se encuentra que el parpadeo voluntario afecta principalmente los valores de potencia relacionados con la banda alfa, tal que finalmente se utiliza esta banda de frecuencias para dirigir en forma voluntaria y controlada los movimientos de abducción y aducción de los dedos de la prótesis.

Abstract This work describes how brain waves produced in the left lateral lobe of the human brain and detected with a NeuroSky MindFlex headset were used to voluntarily control a prosthetic hand. In the first instance, the EEG (electroencephalographic) signals are detected by a BCI (Brain Control Interface) and after being analyzed with the help of an ARDUINO microcontroller, their frequency spectrum is divided into Alpha, Beta, Theta and Gamma ranges. As a result of the EEG analysis, it is found that voluntary blinking affects mainly the power values related to the alpha band, such that this frequency band is finally used to direct in a voluntary and controlled way the abduction and adduction movements of the fingers of the prosthesis.

Resumo Programas de exercício físico são ofertados na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil, apresentando bons resultados na eficácia, sua contribuição econômica ainda não foi investigada. O objetivo do estudo é verificar a viabilidade de uma intervenção breve de aconselhamento para atividade física, e comparar seu custo econômico e custo-efetividade com a intervenção supervisionada de exercício físico na atenção primária. Um estudo de viabilidade de múltiplos braços paralelos, com igual randomização [1:1:1] foi realizado em Unidades Básicas de Saúde no Brasil. 61 participantes foram randomizados em Intervenção Breve de Aconselhamento (BCI), Intervenção Supervisionada de Exercício Físico (SPEI) e Grupo Controle (CG). As intervenções tiveram duração de 1 ano. BCI é mais econômica que SPEI, custando cerca de 50% menos nas comparações econômicas (custo da sessão, custo anual e custo por participante anualmente). No lazer, o custo de mudança de uma pessoa para a categoria fisicamente ativa aos 12 meses é estimado em R$ 369,00 na BCI e R$ 426,21 na SPEI. O Índice de Custo-Efetividade Incremental (ICER) é de R$ 310,32. BCI é viável e mais econômica; no entanto, o custo-benefício não é tão diferente. Assim, é altamente recomendável que as duas intervenções sejam oferecidas.

Abstract Physical exercise programs have been carried out in primary health care in Brazil and have provided good results in terms of effectiveness, their economic contribution has not been investigated yet. The aim of the study is to verify the feasibility of brief counseling physical activity intervention and to compare its economic cost and cost-effectiveness with supervised physical exercise intervention in primary care. A multi-arm parallel feasibility trial, with equal randomization [1:1:1] was conducted in Basic Health Units in Brazil. 61 participants were randomized in Brief Counseling Intervention (BCI), Supervised Physical Exercise Intervention (SPEI) and Control Group (CG). Interventions lasted one year. The BCI is more economical than the SPEI, costing around 50% less in the economic comparisons (session cost, annual cost and cost per participant annually). At leisure time, the cost to move one person to the physically active category at 12 months is estimated in R$369.00 for BCI and R$426.21 for the SPEI. The Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ICER) is R$310.32. The BCI is feasible and more economic, however, the cost effective is not that different. Thus, it is strongly recommended that the two interventions be offered at primary care in Brazil.

Resumo Programas de exercício físico são ofertados na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil, apresentando bons resultados na eficácia, sua contribuição econômica ainda não foi investigada. O objetivo do estudo é verificar a viabilidade de uma intervenção breve de aconselhamento para atividade física, e comparar seu custo econômico e custo-efetividade com a intervenção supervisionada de exercício físico na atenção primária. Um estudo de viabilidade de múltiplos braços paralelos, com igual randomização [1:1:1] foi realizado em Unidades Básicas de Saúde no Brasil. 61 participantes foram randomizados em Intervenção Breve de Aconselhamento (BCI), Intervenção Supervisionada de Exercício Físico (SPEI) e Grupo Controle (CG). As intervenções tiveram duração de 1 ano. BCI é mais econômica que SPEI, custando cerca de 50% menos nas comparações econômicas (custo da sessão, custo anual e custo por participante anualmente). No lazer, o custo de mudança de uma pessoa para a categoria fisicamente ativa aos 12 meses é estimado em R$ 369,00 na BCI e R$ 426,21 na SPEI. O Índice de Custo-Efetividade Incremental (ICER) é de R$ 310,32. BCI é viável e mais econômica; no entanto, o custo-benefício não é tão diferente. Assim, é altamente recomendável que as duas intervenções sejam oferecidas.

Abstract Physical exercise programs have been carried out in primary health care in Brazil and have provided good results in terms of effectiveness, their economic contribution has not been investigated yet. The aim of the study is to verify the feasibility of brief counseling physical activity intervention and to compare its economic cost and cost-effectiveness with supervised physical exercise intervention in primary care. A multi-arm parallel feasibility trial, with equal randomization [1:1:1] was conducted in Basic Health Units in Brazil. 61 participants were randomized in Brief Counseling Intervention (BCI), Supervised Physical Exercise Intervention (SPEI) and Control Group (CG). Interventions lasted one year. The BCI is more economical than the SPEI, costing around 50% less in the economic comparisons (session cost, annual cost and cost per participant annually). At leisure time, the cost to move one person to the physically active category at 12 months is estimated in R$369.00 for BCI and R$426.21 for the SPEI. The Incremental Cost-effectiveness Ratio (ICER) is R$310.32. The BCI is feasible and more economic, however, the cost effective is not that different. Thus, it is strongly recommended that the two interventions be offered at primary care in Brazil.

Resumen En este trabajo, se presentan los antecedentes entorno a instrumentos, métodos y modelos en la temática de computación afectiva. En particular se exploran los modelos emocionales deductivos y categóricos. Se describe el Framework multimodal (MM) emocional desarrollado y su arquitectura conceptual. Finalmente se exhiben y se discuten los resultados generales de las experimentaciones realizadas, en particular las que se realizaron con un simulador de vuelo. El resultado de las experiencias permitió verificar la correlación entre los registros SAM y los valores del BCI (excitación y relajación, EEG) registrados por el Framework para el caso de prueba presentado.

Abstract This paper presents the background about instruments, methods and models on the subject of affective computing. Particularly, deductive and categorical emotional models are explored. The developed emotional multimodal framework (MM) and its conceptual architecture are described. Finally, the general results of the experiments accomplished are exhibited and discussed, especially they were carried out with a flight simulator. The result of the experiences allowed to probe the correlation between the SAM records and the BCI (excitement and relaxation, EEG) values recorded by the Framework for the test cases presented.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the lower urinary tract symptoms, classified by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), urodynamic results (Watts Factor (WF), Bladder Contractility Index (BCI), and post void residual (PVR), in order to differentiate Detrusor Underactivity (DU) from Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO). Methods: Retrospective observational study performed from 2011 to 2018 at the Hospital das Clínicas of Unicamp. Two phases were done: first, to estimate sample size, and second, to evaluate the predicted parameters. Male patients with range age from 40 to 80 years were included. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, without BOO and with DU; Group 2, with BOO. Variables analyzed: age, comorbidities, symptoms, urodynamic data (BCI and WF) and PVR. Results: Twenty-two patients were included in each group, with medians of 68 (Group 1) and 67.5 years old (Group 2) (p = 0.8416). There was no difference for comorbidities. In relation to IPSS, medians were: 16.5 and 20.5, respectively (p = 0.858). As for symptoms, there was predominance of combination of storage and voiding symptoms in the two groups (p = 0.1810). Regarding PVR, 15 patients in Group 1 and 16 in Group 2 presented PVR> 30mL (p = 0.7411). BCI presented median values of 75 and 755.50 for Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (p <0.0001), while WF had medians of 22.42 and 73.85 (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Isolated symptoms, classified by IPSS and PVR, could not differentiate patients with DU from those with BOO, but it was possible using urodynamic data.

ABSTRACT Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) processing algorithms need powerful computational devices to perform in real time. In this work, a hardware efficient design for the classification of Electroencephalography (EEG) signals representative of two motor imagery task is proposed and implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Wavelet Packets Decomposition (WPD) is used as feature extraction algorithm and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as the classifier. The system was designed using System Generator and it was implemented on a Zybo board using Hardware/Software Co-Simulation. Simulation results show an accuracy of 80% during the classification of two motor imagery tasks, a latency of 7.5 ms for a clock frequency of 1.5 MHz, and a power consumption of 0.102 W. In addition, the amount of FPGA resources employed is less than previous similar works, proving that the design system not only achieves a good accuracy but it also does it in an efficient way.

Resumo: Objetivo A ordem Ephemeroptera, juntamente com Trichoptera e Plecoptera, tem sido empregada na diagnose de qualidade ambiental como sensível. No entanto, a espécie Campsurus truncatus Ulmer 1920 (Polymitarcyidae) tem sido observada em ambientes antropicamente alterados. Neste trabalho foram reunidos os dados obtidos na rede de monitoramento da qualidade das águas da CETESB, para reavaliar a posição do grupo no gradiente ambiental e no diagnóstico de qualidade de rios e reservatórios. Métodos Para tanto, foram utilizadas os dados de ocorrência e densidade de Campsurus em amostras obtidas em rios e reservatórios do estado de São Paulo no período de 2001 a 2018, com pegadores. Fatores ambientais e os índices de estado trófico (IET) e da comunidade bentônica (ICB) foram comparados com a ocorrência e densidade desta espécie na tentativa de definir suas preferências ambientais. Resultados A região sublitoral de reservatórios foi o habitat preferencial da espécie, sendo que C. truncatus ocorreu com maior frequência em ambientes mesotróficos e de qualidade ecológica regular, mas apresentou maiores densidades médias em ambientes eutróficos e de qualidade ecológica boa. As análises estatísticas não evidenciaram relação linear de suas densidades com nenhum dos fatores abióticos analisados, como a granulometria, conteúdo de matéria orgânica, OD e penetração de luz, embora tenha havido uma tendência para a ocorrência das maiores densidades em sedimentos lodosos, com menos de 1% de penetração de luz e com teores intermediários de matéria orgânica. Como descrito na literatura, a presença de plantas aquáticas pode de fato beneficiar a população de Campsurus truncatus, uma vez que os as densidades mais elevadas foram observadas em ambientes com muitas macrófitas, como o res. Salto Grande, mas é um fator que pode estar confundindo a relação populacional com as variáveis ambientais. Conclusões A frequência de ocorrência e as elevadas densidades obtidas em ambientes eutrofizados sugerem que a espécie não deve ser considerada forma sensível em índices qualitativos, como a riqueza de espécies sensíveis utilizada no cálculo do ICB para rios e região sublitoral de reservatórios. Além disso, sua exclusão na riqueza de grupos sensíveis surtiu baixo impacto sobre os diagnósticos já realizados pela rede de monitoramento da CETESB.

Abstract: Aim The order Ephemeroptera, together with Trichoptera and Plecoptera, has been considered as sensitive in environmental quality assessment. However, the species Campsurus truncatus Ulmer 1920 (Polymitarcyidae) has been sampled in anthropically altered sites. In this paper, data on the occurrence of that species in the water quality monitoring network of the Environmental Agency of São Paulo State (CETESB) were gathered to review its position in the environmental gradient and in the quality assessment of rivers and reservoirs. Methods For this, a compilation of the occurrences and densities of Campsurus obtained in rivers and reservoirs of São Paulo state between 2001 and 2018, with grab samplers, was carried. Environmental factors, the Trophic State Index (TSI) and the Benthic Community Index (BCI) were related to the species densities to define its environmental requirements. Results The sublittoral zone of reservoirs was the most common habitat to C. truncatus, occurring more frequently at mesotrophic sites with fair ecological quality. Higher mean densities were recorded at eutrophic sites with good ecological quality conditions. The statistical analysis did not show linear correlation between C. truncatus densities and any of the analyzed environmental variable such as grain size, organic matter content, DO and light penetration, although there was a tendency for higher species densities occur in muddy, dark sediments and with intermediate levels of organic matter. As described in literature the presence of aquatic plants can actually benefit that population once the highest densities were observed in sites with many macrophytes, as Salto Grande reservoir, but it may be confusing the relationship between population density and environmental factors. Conclusions The high occurrence and densities of C. truncatus obtained in eutrophic environments suggest that the species should not be considered as a sensitive taxon in qualitative indexes, such as the BCI for rivers and the sublittoral region of reservoirs. Moreover, its exclusion from the richness of sensitive groups had low impact on the diagnoses already performed at the CETESB monitoring network.