ABSTRACT Biochar can promote crop production and soil quality. However, its characteristics depend on the waste used in its production and its effects may vary according to the species being cultivated and the management adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of biochar from animal waste on soil quality and the agronomic characteristics of the cowpea. An experiment was set up to test three types of biochar (bovine-BB, swine-SB and poultry-BP), with added fertiliser (BBF, SBF and BPF) and two control treatments, including the addition of calcium magnesium oxide (CT) and calcium magnesium oxide with fertiliser (CTF), giving a total of eight treatments with four replications. There was a respective increase of up to 102.94%, 1048%, 1560% and 360.22% in stem diameter, number of pods, number of grains per pod and stem dry matter from adding the biochar. The poultry biochar increased each of the above parameters even with no added fertiliser. There was no difference in basal soil respiration or β-glucosidase enzyme activity, whereas organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial carbon and soil labile carbon were greater with biochar. BBF gave the highest TOC content (24.40 g kg-1), while BP and BPF increased TN by around 61%. The application of biochar + fertiliser contributed to an average reduction of 56% in the soil metabolic quotient. Poultry biochar favoured both the agronomic characteristics of the cowpea and soil quality, while bovine biochar showed more marked results with the addition of fertiliser. However adopted bovineBB, bovineBB BB, BB (bovine-BB swineSB swine SB poultryBP, poultryBP , poultry-BP) BBF, (BBF CT (CT CTF, CTF (CTF) replications 10294 102 94 102.94% 1048 1048% 1560 36022 360 22 360.22 diameter pods βglucosidase β glucosidase activity TOC, (TOC) TN, (TN) 24.40 2440 24 40 (24.4 kg1, kg1 kg 1 kg-1) 61 61% 56 quotient poultry-BP (CTF 1029 10 9 102.94 104 156 3602 36 2 360.2 (TOC (TN 24.4 244 4 (24. kg-1 6 5 102.9 15 3 360. 24. (24 kg- 102. (2 (

The present work aims to extract and test cashew nut peel oil as a natural antioxidant in the oxidative stabilization of biodiesel. Therefore, determinations of the ideal time of Soxhlet and thermal extractions, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses, and evaluation of the oxidative stability by Rancimat method were carried out. FTIR analyses revealed that the 3rd cycle of extraction was sufficient to extract all the oil, with an average yield of 30.0%. For the thermal extraction of the laboratory technical cashew nut peel oil, the best extraction, based on statistical analysis, was 60 min, yielding 20.0%. The FTIR analysis of the extracted cashew nut peel oil showed characteristic peaks of phenolic groups and organic acids, showing differences in the intensities of the absorption bands. The oxidative stability showed induction period of 8 h 40 min for the hydraulic press extraction, 10 h 35 min for the Soxhlet extraction, and 10 h 65 min for the industrial technical extraction of the cashew nut peel oil. All values were below the 12-h limit established by the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). The technical cashew nut peel oil extracted in the laboratory presented an induction period of 11 h 12 min, close to that recommended by ANP, proving to be a promising natural antioxidant. Cardanol presented satisfactory results with 25 h 22 min, double that suggested by ANP. Thus, cashew nut peel oil showed important and promising results as a natural antioxidant for biodiesel. biodiesel Therefore extractions (FTIR out rd 300 30 0 30.0% 6 200 20 20.0% acids bands 4 1 3 12h Petroleum ANP . (ANP) 2 Thus 30.0 20.0 (ANP 30. 20.

Resumen Introducción. Las condiciones edafoclimáticas del Ecuador son ideales para el cultivo del arroz, los rendimientos son mayores al promedio mundial, pero su manejo agronómico conlleva a un aumento de cadmio en el suelo, que puede llegar al grano por translocación, lo cual afectan su inocuidad. Objetivo. Evaluar la absorción de cadmio mediante la técnica de omisión de macronutrientes en seis suelos del Ecuador y su efecto sobre el desarrollo vegetativo del cultivo de arroz. Materiales y métodos. El ensayo se realizó en la Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ecuador, durante el año 2018. Se estudiaron nueve tratamientos 1) Sin fertilización y sin Cd (testigo 1), 2) sin fertilización y con Cd (Testigo 2), 3) Fertilización completa y seis tratamientos de omisión de un nutriente a la vez, se usó un diseño de experimentos de bloques completamente al azar, parcelas divididas y tres repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron las relacionadas a la producción de materia seca en raíz y parte aérea. Para la comparación entre medias, se utilizó la prueba de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados. Las omisiones de los nutrientes (N y P) llevaron a la reducción de la absorción del Cd, que disminuyó la producción de materia seca, en particular en los suelos muy ácidos o alcalinos como en Sucumbíos (pH 4) y Guayas (pH 7,9), respectivamente. Conclusiones. La absorción de cadmio en plantas de arroz se redujo en mayor medida con la omisión de los macronutrientes N y P, principalmente en los suelos de Sucumbíos, Los Ríos, El Oro y Manabí, afectando también la omisión de nutrientes a la producción de materia seca y los rendimientos, observándose además que un pH por debajo de 5 o superior a 7,9 afecta la absorción de cadmio en los suelos estudiados

Abstract Introduction. The soil and climatic conditions of Ecuador are ideal for rice cultivation, yields are higher than the world average, but agronomic management leads to an increase of cadmium in the soil, which can reach the grain by translocation, which affects its safety. Objetive. To evaluate the absorption of cadmium through the omission of macronutrients technique in six soils of Ecuador and its effect on the vegetative development of rice crops. Materials and methods. The trial was carried out at the Pichilingue Tropical Experimental Station of the National Institute of Agricultural Research, Ecuador, during 2018. Nine treatments were studied: 1) Without fertilization and without Cd (control 1), 2) without fertilization and with Cd (Control 2), 3) Complete fertilization and six omission treatments of one nutrient at a time, a completely randomized block design of experiments, divided plots and three repetitions was used. The variables evaluated were those related to the production of dry matter in the root and aerial part. For the comparison between means, the Tukey test was used (p<0.05). Results. Nutrients omissions (N and P) led to reduced Cd absorption, which decreased dry matter production, particularly in very acidic or alkaline soils such as in Sucumbíos (pH 4) and Guayas (pH 7, 9), respectively. Conclusions. The absorption of cadmium in rice plants was reduced to a greater extent with the omission of the macronutrients N and P, mainly in the soils of Sucumbíos, Los Ríos, El Oro and Manabí, the nutrient omission technique also affecting the production of dry matter and yields, also observing that a pH below 5 or higher than 7.9 affects the absorption of cadmium in the soils studied.

Resumen Introducción: la lepra afecta a millones de personas deteriorando la salud física y mental, generando complicaciones como síntomas depresivos que pueden afectar la calidad de vida. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en una agremiación de pacientes y expacientes con enfermedad de Hansen de una ciudad del Caribe colombiano. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo con muestreo no probabilístico en miembros de una agremiación de pacientes y ex-pacientes con enfermedad de Hansen de una ciudad del Caribe colombiano. Los síntomas depresivos fueron estimados mediante test de Beck I y los resultados se contrastaron con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas mediante análisis bivariado. Resultados: participaron 51 personas, con una edad promedio de 52 años (IC 35,7-68,5), y predominio del sexo masculino (57%). El 39% de la población cursó bachillerato, el 25% se encontraban en tratamiento al momento de la encuesta y el 33% presentaban algún grado de discapacidad. El 27%, 16% y 2% de la población presentó depresión leve, moderada y severa respectivamente. El síntoma depresivo más frecuentemente descrito fue la fatiga (13%) seguido de cambios en el apetito (84,2%), llanto (81,6%), y tristeza (79%). No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre presencia de síntomas depresivos y características sociodemográficas, el tratamiento y la discapacidad. Conclusiones: el 35% de los encuestados con el test de Beck I obtuvo calificaciones compatibles con depresión, se recomienda incluir manejo especializado en salud mental dentro del abordaje integral del paciente y expaciente con enfermedad de Hansen.

ABSTACT Introduction: Leprosy affects millions of people, impairing both physical and mental health and giving rise to complications such as depressive symptoms that can impact the quality of life. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in an association of patients and former patients with Hansen's disease in a city in the Colombian Caribbean. Materials and methods: A descriptive study with non-probabilistic sampling was conducted among members of an association of patients and former patients with Hansen's disease in a city in the Colombian Caribbean. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, and the results were compared with sociodemographic and clinical variables through bivariate analysis. Results: Fifty-one individuals participated, with an average age of 52 years (CI 35.7-68.5), and a male predominance (57%). Thirty-nine percent of the population had completed high school, 25% were undergoing treatment at the time of the survey, and 33% had some degree of disability. Twenty-seven percent, 16%, and 2% of the population exhibited mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. The most frequently reported depressive symptom was fatigue (13%), followed by changes in appetite (84.2%), crying (81.6%), and sadness (79%). No statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics, treatment, or disability. Conclusions: It is evident that 35% of respondents scored in the range indicative of depression on the Beck Depression Inventory. Specialized mental health management is recommended to be included in the comprehensive care of patients and former patients with Hansen's disease.

RESUMEN Introducción: La pubertad precoz se define como la aparición progresiva de signos puberales a una edad por debajo de 2,5 desviaciones estándar (DE) de la media para una población determinada. Se carece a nivel nacional de estudios epidemiológicos sobre esta afección. Objetivo: Determinar las características de la pubertad precoz para evaluar la edad de inicio de las características sexuales secundarias en una población de niñas menores de 8 años. Materiales y Métodos: El presente estudio es de tipo observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. La población incluyó niñas menores de 8 años, que consultaron en un hospital de referencia, durante el periodo de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2021. Como variables se analizó la edad al inicio de los síntomas, edad a la consulta, escolaridad, procedencia, motivo de consulta, signos y síntomas, cambios en edad ósea, respuesta positiva a la prueba con GnRH y asociación etiológica con cambios hallados en la RMN cerebral y ecografía pélvica; así como el abordaje terapéutico. Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 48 pacientes de sexo femenino, menores de 8 años de edad. El inicio de los síntomas se presentó en promedio a los 5,4 +/- 2,27 años, siendo la edad de 6-7 años el 31,3% del total de pacientes. El diagnóstico predominante fue el de una pubertad precoz central y de las pruebas de estímulo con GnRH, el 68,8% resultaron positivas. Conclusión: La edad promedio de inicio del desarrollo puberal en este grupo de niñas fue 5 años, adelantado en relación a la literatura clásica, con etiología no conocida en la mayoría de los casos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Precocious puberty is defined as the progressive appearance of pubertal signs at an age below 2.5 standard deviations (SD) from the mean for a given population. There is a lack of epidemiological studies on this condition in our country. Objective: To determine the characteristics of precocious puberty and to evaluate the age of onset of secondary sexual characteristics in a population of girls under 8 years of age. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study. Population: girls under 8 years of age, who consulted at a referral hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. The variables analyzed were age at the onset of symptoms, age at consultation, education, place of residence, reason for consultation, signs and symptoms, changes in bone age, positive response to the GnRH test and etiological association with changes found in brain MRI and pelvic ultrasound, as well as the therapeutic approach. Results: 48 female patients under 8 years of age entered the study. The onset of symptoms occurred on average at 5.4 +/- 2.27 years, in 31.3% of all patients at the age of 6-7 years. Predominant diagnosis was central precocious puberty and 68.8% of GnRH stimulus tests were positive. Conclusion: The average age of onset of pubertal development in this group of girls was 5 years, earlier than described in the literature, with unknown etiology in most cases.

Resumen Introducción: Existen dos maniobras de provocación principales que pueden ayudar a identificar una tenosinovitis de De Quervain, más reconocidas como prueba de Finkelstein y prueba de Eichhoff. Ambas maniobras son pasivas buscando la elongación de los tendones comprometidos. Siguiendo el principio de sinergia muscular, decidimos describir una nueva maniobra activa que permita diagnosticar la tendinitis de De Quervain y así incorporar una nueva herramienta semiológica para llegar a un diagnóstico más preciso. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo que evaluó a todos los pacientes esqueléticamente maduros que acudieron con dolor mecánico en el borde radial de la muñeca entre abril y julio de 2023. Se les realizaron las maniobras para tendinitis de De Quervain, así como para otros cuadros del borde radial, y se solicitaron estudios diagnósticos por imágenes para confirmar la enfermedad. Se determinó la especificidad y sensibilidad de las pruebas semiológicas. Resultados: Se incluyó a 38 pacientes (43 muñecas), 29 mujeres y 9 hombres. El promedio de edad era de 47 años. La sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba de sinergia fueron del 94,87% y 100%, respectivamente, con un valor predictivo positivo del 100%. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las maniobras activas son superiores a las pasivas para llegar al diagnóstico correcto; en este caso, la prueba de sinergia propuesta fue la más específica. Esta maniobra no debería reemplazar a las existentes.

Abstract Introduction: There are two main provocative tests that can help us identify De Quervain’s tenosynovitis. These are better known as the Finkelstein and Eichhoff tests. Both maneuvers are passive and attempt to elongate the affected tendons. Following the notion of muscle synergy, we decided to describe a new active maneuver for diagnosing De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, thus incorporating a new physical diagnostic tool for a more precise diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted, evaluating all skeletally mature patients who presented with mechanical pain on the radial border of the wrist between April and July 2023. Tests for De Quervain’s tenosynovitis were performed, as well as assessments for other radial border diseases. Diagnostic imaging studies were requested to confirm the diagnosis. The specificity and sensitivity of the physical tests were determined. Results: A total of 38 patients were included, and 43 wrists were evaluated (29 females, 9 males). The average age was 47 years. The sensitivity and specificity of the synergy test were 94.87% and 100%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion: The findings reveal that active maneuvers outperform passive maneuvers for reaching the correct diagnosis; in this case, the proposed synergy test is the most specific. However, this maneuver should not replace existing ones.

Resumen Este artículo analiza la oferta de cupos en el programa nocturno de Odontología en una universidad federal de Brasil como una política de democratización de la Educación Superior con justicia social. Se reporta una investigación empírica con estudiantes de primer año y egresados de pregrado en clases diurna y nocturna, a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario y consulta con microdatos del Censo de Educación Superior. El análisis involucró distribución de frecuencias y prueba estadística. La carrera de Odontología nocturna recibe más estudiantes mayores de 25 años, primeros de la familia en asistir a la Educación Superior, con un intervalo de tres años o más entre la finalización del bachillerato y el ingreso en pregrado, trabajadores y con menores ingresos familiares que los que ingresan en la misma carrera para curso diurno. El programa nocturno cuenta con un número menor de egresados negros, morenos y de escuelas públicas que los que ingresaron, lo que demuestra la fragilidad de estos grupos en la permanencia y culminación de la Educación Superior. La oferta de cupos nocturnos en Odontología en una universidad federal contribuye a la justicia social en la Educación Superior, si bien es necesario avanzar en la reducción de las desigualdades sociales y educativas. estadística 2 diurno negros ingresaron educativas

Abstract This article analyzes the offer of enrollment in the evening program in Dentistry at a federal university as a tool for the democratization of Higher Education with social justice. It reports empirical research with freshmen and graduates of daytime and evening programs, using a questionnaire and consultation to microdata from the Higher Education Census in Brazil. The analysis involved frequency distribution and statistical test. The Dentistry evening program showed a different student profile than the daytime program: average age over 25 years; longer interval between high school and university admission; larger proportion of students who are the first in their families to reach Higher Education; and, mainly, more working students. The evening course has a smaller number of black and brown graduates and public school graduates than new entrants, which demonstrate the fragility of these groups in terms of permanence and completion of Higher Education. Therefore, a Dentistry evening program at a public university somehow contributes to social justice in Higher Education, even though it is still necessary to reduce social and educational inequalities. programs Brazil test 2 years admission mainly entrants Therefore inequalities

Resumo Este artigo analisa a oferta de vagas no curso noturno de Odontologia de uma universidade federal enquanto democratização da Educação Superior com justiça social. Relata pesquisa empírica com ingressantes e concluintes do diurno e noturno, realizada por meio de aplicação de questionário e consulta a microdados do Censo da Educação Superior. A análise envolveu distribuição de frequências e teste estatístico. O curso de Odontologia noturno recebe mais estudantes acima de 25 anos, primeiros da família a cursar graduação, com intervalo de três anos ou mais entre o fim do Ensino Médio e o ingresso no curso, trabalhadores e com renda familiar menor que os ingressantes do diurno. O curso noturno tem menor número de concluintes pretos e pardos e de egressos das escolas públicas do que os ingressados, o que denota a fragilidade destes grupos na permanência e conclusão da Educação Superior. A oferta de vagas noturnas de Odontologia em universidade federal contribui para a justiça social na Educação Superior, ainda que seja necessário avançar na redução das desigualdades sociais e educacionais. estatístico 2 graduação ingressados educacionais

Abstract This article aims to analyze the clarity and engagement measures of publications on oral cancer in the Instagram profiles of official health agencies in Brazil. An infodemiological study was conducted with 81 profiles. Data collected concerned content classification, account and media, manner of addressing the topic, number of posts, likes, comments, views and hashtags. The clarity of the educational publications was assessed with the Brazilian version of the Clear Communication Index (BR-CDC-CCI). Data analysis involved Spearman’s correlation and the Mann-Whitney test (α = 5%). A total of 775 publications on oral cancer were found. The average BR-CDC-CCI score was 69.8 (SD = 15.5). The clarity of the information was adequate in 9.5% of the educational publications. Positive correlations were found between the number of likes and engagement (comments [r = 0.49], views [r = 0.96]), number of hashtags (r = 0.13) and year of publication (r = 0.21). Publications from the Health Ministry had a significantly higher BR-CDC-CCI score compared to the other profiles. Publications on oral cancer were correlated with engagement, year of publication and number of hashtags. Public agencies increased publications to reach the population, but the clarity of the content was low. Brazil 8 classification media topic posts comments BRCDCCCI. BRCDCCCI BR CDC CCI . (BR-CDC-CCI) Spearmans Spearman s MannWhitney Mann Whitney α 5%. 5 5% 5%) 77 698 69 69. SD 15.5. 155 15.5 15 15.5) 95 9 9.5 r 0.49, 049 0.49 , 0 49 0.49] 0.96, 096 0.96 96 0.96]) 0.13 013 13 0.21. 021 0.21 21 0.21) population low (BR-CDC-CCI 7 6 15. 1 9. 04 0.4 4 09 0.9 0.96] 0.1 01 02 0.2 2 0.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar a clareza e as medidas de engajamento das publicações sobre câncer bucal nos perfis do Instagram dos órgãos oficiais de saúde no Brasil. Realizou-se um estudo infodemiológico com 81 perfis. Foram coletados dados sobre classificação do conteúdo, conta e mídia, abordagem do tema, número de postagens, curtidas, comentários, visualizações e hashtags. A clareza das publicações educativas foi avaliada pela versão brasileira do Clear Communication Index (BR-CDC-CCI). A análise dos dados envolveu a correlação de Spearman e o teste de Mann-Whitney (α = 5%). Foram encontradas 775 publicações sobre câncer bucal. O escore médio do BR-CDC-CCI foi 69,8 (DP = 15,5). A clareza das informações foi adequada em 9,5% das publicações educativas. Correlações positivas foram encontradas entre o número de curtidas e engajamento (comentários [r = 0,49], visualizações [r = 0,96]), número de hashtags (r = 0,13) e ano de publicação (r = 0,21). Publicações do Ministério da Saúde apresentaram escore do BR-CDC-CCI significativamente maior do que os demais perfis (p = 0,01). As publicações sobre câncer bucal foram correlacionadas com engajamento, ano de publicação e número de hashtags. Os órgãos públicos aumentaram as publicações para atingir a população, mas a clareza do conteúdo foi baixa. Brasil Realizouse Realizou se 8 mídia tema postagens comentários BRCDCCCI. BRCDCCCI BR CDC CCI . (BR-CDC-CCI) MannWhitney Mann Whitney α 5%. 5 5% 5%) 77 698 69 69, DP 15,5. 155 15,5 15 15,5) 95 9 9,5 r 0,49, 049 0,49 , 0 49 0,49] 0,96, 096 0,96 96 0,96]) 0,13 013 13 0,21. 021 0,21 21 0,21) p 0,01. 001 0,01 01 0,01) população baixa (BR-CDC-CCI 7 6 15, 1 9, 04 0,4 4 09 0,9 0,96] 0,1 02 0,2 2 00 0,0 0,

Introduction: The treatment of Hiatal Hernias (HH) type III and IV is surgical. There is controversy about reinforcement with mesh. Our objective was to compare the long-term results between the use or not of prosthetic reinforcements. Materials and Methods: Prospective cohort of 95 patients with HH type III and IV, between 1997 and 2015 at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. Pre and postoperative radiological, endoscopic and functional characteristics were evaluated. Recurrence defined as a recurrence greater than 3 cm. Statistical analysis with chi2 and U-Mann-Whitney test. p-value < 0.05. Results: Complete follow-up in 82% of patients, with a mean of 117 months. In 63% of the cases, the hernia size was < 10 cm, with a mean of 9 cm. 25% presented a gastric volvulus, with an average size of 10.9 cm, being significantly larger than those who did not present (p < 0.0001). The median percentage of time with pH<4 in 24 hours was 9.6%, without encountering hernia size (R = 0.009). The mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 8.9 mm Hg, without connection to the size of the hernia (R = 0.0004). Mesh was removed in 41% of cases. Recurrence occurred in 29.7% of the group with prosthesis and in 28.6% of the group without mesh, without significant differences (p = 0.84). Conclusions: In long-term follow-up (> 10 years) of surgically repaired type III and IV HH, there are no differences in clinical recurrence with or without the use of mesh.

Resumen Introducción: El tratamiento de las Hernias Hiatales (HH) tipo III y IV es quirúrgico. Hay controversia sobre el refuerzo con malla. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar los resultados a largo plazo entre el uso o no de refuerzos protésicos. Materiales y Métodos: Cohorte prospectiva de 95 pacientes con HH tipo III y IV, entre los años 1997 y 2015 en el Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se evaluaron las características radiológicas, endoscópicas y funcionales pre y postoperatorias. Recidiva definida como recurrencia mayor a 3 cm. Análisis estadístico con chi2 y Test U-Mam-Whitney. P-value < 0,05. Resultados: Seguimiento completo en el 82% de los pacientes, con una media de 117 meses. En 63% de los casos el tamaño hernia- rio fue < 10 cm, con una media de 9 cm. El 25% presentó vólvulo gástrico, con un tamaño promedio de 10,9 cm siendo, significativamente mayor, que los que no presentaron (p < 0,0001). El porcentaje mediano de tiempo con pH<4 en 24 h fue 9,6%, sin encontrarse correlación con el tamaño herniario (R= 0,009). La media de la presión del esfínter esofágico inferior fue 8,9 mm Hg, sin encontrar correlación con el tamaño de la hernia (R = 0,0004). Se utilizó malla en el 41% de los casos. Recidiva ocurrió en el 29,7% del grupo con prótesis y en el 28,6% del sin malla, sin diferencias significativas (p = 0,84). Conclusiones: En el seguimiento a largo plazo (> a 10 años) de HH tipo III y IV reparadas quirúrgicamente, no hay diferencias en la recidiva clínica con o sin el uso de mallas.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the application of the Corporeidad Program for the acquisition of basic motor skills in primary school students, Huanta-Ayacucho, 2023. The research was applied, approached from the quantitative approach and quasi-design experimental. 107 students from the 6th grade of primary school participated in two groups; The Corporeity Program was applied only to the experimental group through 15 sessions in the postural perception and mobile perception and regulation dimensions. The MOBAK Battery 5-6 was applied, measuring two basic motor skills: control of objects and control of the body. The results establish that both groups (control and experimental) in the pretest do not reflect significant differences in the achievement of basic motor skills (0.170 ≥ 0.05). Likewise, it was evidenced that both groups (control and experimental) in the post-test do reflect significant differences (0.000 < 0.05), finding that the average range of the control group is 27.51 and of the experimental group notoriously higher with 73.98, giving a value for the Mann-Whitney U test of 184,500; concluding that the application of the Corporeity Program did have a significant effect on the acquisition of basic motor skills in primary school students.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o efeito da aplicação do Programa Corporeidad para a aquisição de habilidades motoras básicas em alunos do ensino fundamental, Huanta-Ayacucho, 2023. A pesquisa foi aplicada, abordada a partir da abordagem quantitativa e quase-desenho experimental. Participaram 107 alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental em duas turmas; O Programa de Corporeidade foi aplicado apenas ao grupo experimental através de 15 sessões nas dimensões percepção postural e percepção móvel e regulação. Foi aplicada a Bateria MOBAK 5-6, medindo duas habilidades motoras básicas: controle de objetos e controle do corpo. Os resultados estabelecem que ambos os grupos (controle e experimental) no pré-teste não refletem diferenças significativas na obtenção de habilidades motoras básicas (0,170 ≥ 0,05). Da mesma forma, evidenciouse que ambos os grupos (controle e experimental) no pós-teste refletem diferenças significativas (0,000 < 0,05), verificandose que o intervalo médio do grupo controle é de 27,51 e do grupo experimental notoriamente superior com 73,98, dando um valor para o teste Mann-Whitney U de 184.500; concluindo que a aplicação do Programa Corporeidade teve um efeito significativo na aquisição de habilidades motoras básicas em alunos do ensino fundamental.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo por objetivo determinar el efecto de la aplicación del Programa Corporeidad para la adquisición de competencias motrices básicas en escolares de educación primaria, Huanta-Ayacucho, 2023. La investigación fue aplicada, abordó desde el enfoque cuantitativo y diseño cuasi experimental. Participaron 107 estudiantes del 6° grado de primaria en dos grupos; solo al grupo experimental se aplicó el Programa de Corporeidad mediante 15 sesiones en las dimensiones percepción postural y percepción y regulación de móviles. Se aplicó la Batería MOBAK 5-6 midiendo dos competencias motrices básicas: control de objetos y control del cuerpo. Los resultados establecen que ambos grupos (control y experimental) en el pretest no reflejan diferencias significativas en el logro de las competencias motrices básicas (0.170 ≥ 0.05). Asimismo, se evidenció que ambos grupos (control y experimental) en el postest si reflejan diferencias significativas (0.000 < 0.05), encontrándose que el rango promedio del grupo control es 27.51 y del grupo experimental notoriamente más alto con 73.98, dando un valor para la prueba U de Mann-Whitney de 184,500; concluyendo que la aplicación del Programa Corporeidad si tuvo efecto significativo en la adquisición de las competencias motrices básicas en los escolares de educación primaria.

Abstract Introduction: Pediatric extreme hydrocephalus (PEH) is a complex condition with uncertain prognostic outcomes. Objectives: In this study, we analyze the long-term change in cerebral parenchymal thickness of pediatric patients with extreme hydrocephalus after shunting. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients with PEH treated at the General Hospital of Mexico from 2009 to 2016. Cerebral parenchymal thickness was measured in computed tomography studies before surgical intervention, at 5 months, and 4 years post-surgery. The average change in thickness in millimeters was analyzed, and its normalized value was assessed using the Wilcoxon test and the R2 of a linear function. Results: Twelve patients, including 5 females and 7 males, were studied. Nine cases were congenital, while the remaining 3 cases were 6 months, 7, and 10-years-old. At 5.2 months PostOp., patients showed an average increase of 160% in cerebral parenchymal thickness, which increased to 270% at 4.3 years. However, 4 cases (33.3%) had an increase of < 10% from the original thickness. One patient at 4.3 years exhibited a 594% increase compared to the baseline. In the congenital cases, pre-operative thickness had a good correlation (R2 = 0.70) with post-operative thickness, but pre-operative age of patients did not correlate with post-operative thickness (R2 = 0.03). Conclusions: In this study, 3 out of 12 cases of PEH showed a long-term increase of > 200% compared to preoperative thickness. Even in cases of extreme hydrocephalus, significant long-term improvement can occur. Rapid treatment of these cases is crucial to increase the likelihood of improvement.

RESUMEN Las condiciones sinópticas imperantes en un lugar están directamente vinculadas con los valores de inmisión de contaminantes en la atmósfera. Su estudio permite determinar la presencia de fenómenos que favorecen en mayor o menor grado la acumulación de sustancias contaminantes. Teniendo esto en cuenta, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el comportamiento de las inmisiones de Dióxido de Azufre, Dióxido de Nitrógeno y Ozono en dos localidades de La Habana bajo la influencia de diferentes tipos de situaciones sinópticas. Los datos provienen de estaciones de monitoreo automático y corresponden a concentraciones horarias de los contaminantes criterio. A partir de estas se calcularon las concentraciones medias diarias en µg/m3 y se agruparon según el tipo de situación sinóptica que predominaba. El período de muestreo fue desde noviembre del 2015 hasta octubre del 2016. Para determinar la relación con los TSS se realizó la prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis y para estudiar esta relación en mayor detalle la prueba de Dunn. Los máximos valores medios de concentración se obtuvieron cuando las localidades estuvieron bajo la débil influencia del Anticiclón Subtropical del Atlántico Norte y los anticiclones continentales migratorios.

ABSTRACT The prevailing synoptic conditions in one place are directly linked to the implementation values of contaminants in the atmosphere. Its study allows to determine the presence of phenomena that favor to a greater or lesser extent the accumulation of polluting substances. Taking this into account, the present investigation aimed to determine the behavior of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and ozone dioxide in two locations in Havana under the influence of different types of synoptic situations. The data comes from automatic monitoring stations and correspond to time concentrations of the pollutants criteria. From these the daily average concentrations were calculated in µg/m3 and grouped according to the type of synoptic situation that predominated. The sampling period was from November 2015 to October 2016. To determine the relationship with the TSS, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed and to study this relationship in greater detail the Dunn test. The maximum average concentration values were obtained when the localities were under the weak influence of the subtropical anti -cyclone of the North Atlantic and the migratory continental anticyclones.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar a clareza e as medidas de engajamento das publicações sobre câncer bucal nos perfis do Instagram dos órgãos oficiais de saúde no Brasil. Realizou-se um estudo infodemiológico com 81 perfis. Foram coletados dados sobre classificação do conteúdo, conta e mídia, abordagem do tema, número de postagens, curtidas, comentários, visualizações e hashtags. A clareza das publicações educativas foi avaliada pela versão brasileira do Clear Communication Index (BR-CDC-CCI). A análise dos dados envolveu a correlação de Spearman e o teste de Mann-Whitney (α = 5%). Foram encontradas 775 publicações sobre câncer bucal. O escore médio do BR-CDC-CCI foi 69,8 (DP = 15,5). A clareza das informações foi adequada em 9,5% das publicações educativas. Correlações positivas foram encontradas entre o número de curtidas e engajamento (comentários [r = 0,49], visualizações [r = 0,96]), número de hashtags (r = 0,13) e ano de publicação (r = 0,21). Publicações do Ministério da Saúde apresentaram escore do BR-CDC-CCI significativamente maior do que os demais perfis (p = 0,01). As publicações sobre câncer bucal foram correlacionadas com engajamento, ano de publicação e número de hashtags. Os órgãos públicos aumentaram as publicações para atingir a população, mas a clareza do conteúdo foi baixa.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the clarity and engagement measures of publications on oral cancer in the Instagram profiles of official health agencies in Brazil. An infodemiological study was conducted with 81 profiles. Data collected concerned content classification, account and media, manner of addressing the topic, number of posts, likes, comments, views and hashtags. The clarity of the educational publications was assessed with the Brazilian version of the Clear Communication Index (BR-CDC-CCI). Data analysis involved Spearman’s correlation and the Mann-Whitney test (α = 5%). A total of 775 publications on oral cancer were found. The average BR-CDC-CCI score was 69.8 (SD = 15.5). The clarity of the information was adequate in 9.5% of the educational publications. Positive correlations were found between the number of likes and engagement (comments [r = 0.49], views [r = 0.96]), number of hashtags (r = 0.13) and year of publication (r = 0.21). Publications from the Health Ministry had a significantly higher BR-CDC-CCI score compared to the other profiles. Publications on oral cancer were correlated with engagement, year of publication and number of hashtags. Public agencies increased publications to reach the population, but the clarity of the content was low.

Abstract Introduction : Coverage for colorectal cancer screening in Argentina is very low. The objective of this review is to assess and synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of strategies aimed at increasing adherence to colorectal cancer screening among healthcare personnel and the general population at average risk. Methods : A review of systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluated the effectiveness of these strategies was con ducted. Searches were performed in electronic data bases, meta-search engines, the Cochrane Library, and through manual searching. Eligibility and inclusion criteria were applied, with assessment of the quality of the SRs using AMSTAR II and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Thematic synthesis was con ducted based on the taxonomy of strategies proposed by Dougherty (patient/community-targeted, professional-targeted, and other types of strategies). Results : A total of 635 studies were identified, with 36 deemed eligible and 11 excluded due to insufficient quality, resulting in the inclusion of 10 SRs. A multi plicity of strategies with varying effectiveness were identified, with the majority targeting the population. Among these, education, self-testing with specimen collection at specific locations, and reminders stood out. For professionals, only education and reminders showed effectiveness. Combined strategies demonstrated greater effectiveness than isolated strategies. Conclusions : There is more evidence on strategies targeting the population than professionals. Combined strategies showed greater effectiveness, highlighting the need to explore barriers in both the population and professionals in each specific context in order to priori tize and combine those that have proven effective and would have a greater impact.

Resumen Introducción : En Argentina la cobertura al tamizaje de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es muy baja. El objetivo de esta revisión fue relevar y sintetizar la evidencia sobre la efectividad de estrategias dirigidas a incrementar la adherencia al tamizaje de CCR del personal de salud y población con riesgo promedio. Métodos : Revisión de revisiones sistemáticas (RS) que evaluaron la efectividad de dichas estrategias. Bús queda en bases de datos electrónicas, meta-buscadores, biblioteca Cochrane y búsqueda manual. Aplicación de criterios de elegibilidad e inclusión; con evaluación de la calidad de las RS a través del AMSTAR-II y la certeza de la evidencia por el método GRADE. Síntesis temática sobre la base de la taxonomía de estrategias propuesta por Dougherty (dirigidas al paciente/comunidad; a pro fesionales; otro tipo de estrategias). Resultados : Se identificaron 635 estudios; 36 fueron elegibles y 11 se descartaron por no contar con cali dad suficiente, incluyéndose 10 RS. Se identificó una multiplicidad de estrategias de efectividad variada, la mayoría dirigida a la población. Entre estas, destacan la educación, el auto-test con recolección en lugares específicos y recordatorios. En el caso de profesionales, solo educación y recordatorios mostraron ser efectivas. La combinación de estrategias mostró tener mayor efec tividad que las estrategias aisladas. Conclusiones : Es mayor la evidencia sobre estrategias dirigidas a la población que a profesionales. Las estrate gias combinadas demostraron tener mayor efectividad, lo que destaca la necesidad de explorar, en cada con texto, las barreras en la población y en los profesionales para priorizar y combinar aquellas que demostraron ser efectivas y tendrían mayor impacto.

Abstract Sustainable agriculture allows the efficient use of natural resources, particularly water. This study aimed to compare the water footprint of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation in two production systems: aquaponic and hydroponic, in order to understand its impact on water resources. Both production systems were established in a shade house in the state of Sonora, Mexico. The experiment was conducted from May 20 to July 29, 2020. The estimation of the WFtotal was calculated by adding the blue water footprints, consumption of water sheet in the development of the crop and of the inputs and materials used in each system (based on information from the scientific literature). The results indicated an average harvested lettuce weight of 0.056 kg (±0.005 kg) in the aquaponic system and 0.097 kg (±0.007 kg) in the hydroponic system. The statistical analysis was evaluated with the Student’s t-test with a significance level of 5%. The estimated BWFs were 0.2941 and 0.1721 m3 kg-1, the WFtotal were 2.6841 m3 kg-1 and 0.1821 m3 kg-1 for the aquaponic system and hydroponic system, respectively, for 19 plants in each system. The values of the WFtotal were high since they represent the sum of the blue water footprints and the WFinputs and materials. The results of this research confirmed the hypothesis proposed as the aquaponic system registered a greater water footprint. However, it is advisable to generate more knowledge on the subject.

Resumen La agricultura sostenible permite el uso eficiente de los recursos naturales, particularmente del agua. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la huella hídrica del cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) en dos sistemas de producción: acuapónico e hidropónico, para conocer su impacto en los recursos hídricos. Ambos sistemas productivos se establecieron en una casa sombra en el estado de Sonora, México. El experimento se realizó del 20 de mayo al 29 de julio de 2020. La estimación de la HHtotal se calculó mediante la suma de las huellas hídricas azules, consumo de lámina de agua en el desarrollo del cultivo) y de los insumos y materiales utilizados en cada sistema (con base en información de la literatura científica). Los resultados indicaron un peso promedio de lechuga cosechada de 0.056 kg (±0.005 kg) en el sistema acuapónico y de 0.097 kg (±0.007 kg) en el sistema hidropónico. El análisis estadístico se evaluó con la prueba t de student con un nivel de significancia de 5%. Las HHA estimadas fueron 0.2941 y 0.1721 m3 kg-1, las HHtotal fueron 2.6841 m3 kg-1 y de 0.1821 m3 kg-1 para los sistema acuapónico y sistema hidropónico, respectivamente, para 19 plantas en cada sistema. Los valores de las HHtotal fueron elevados ya que representan la suma de las huellas hídricas azules y de la HHinsumos y materiales. Los resultados de esta investigación confirmaron la hipótesis planteada, al registrar una mayor huella hídrica el sistema acuapónico. Sin embargo, es conveniente generar mayor conocimiento en el tema.