Abstract The progressive fragmentation and loss of habitats represent the main threats for endangered species, causing genetic consequences that may have potential implications for a population’s long-term persistence. Large mammals are the most affected species among vertebrates. The giant armadillo Priodontes maximus is a large South American mammal threatened species, showing nocturnal, solitary and fossorial behavior, occurring at low population densities, and its population dynamics are still poorly known. In this study, we carried out the first assessment of genetic variability and population genetic structure of the species, using a panel of 15 polymorphic microsatellites developed by high-throughput genome sequencing. The spatial Bayesian clustering, Fst and Dest results indicated the presence of two genetic clusters (K = 2) in the study area. These results suggest a reduction in gene flow between individuals inhabiting the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) and the Pantanal wetlands, with the increased human-driven habitat modifications possibly contributing for this scenario. A bottleneck signal was detected in both populations, and a subpopulation structuring in the Cerrado may also be reflecting consequences of the extensive habitat modifications. Findings from this study provide important and useful information for the future maintenance of genetic diversity and long-term conservation of this flagship species.

Resumo O gato doméstico não é considerado hospedeiro para nenhuma espécie de carrapato. Pode, entretanto, ser afetado por algumas espécies de Ixodídeos, como Rhipicephalus sanguineus e Amblyomma spp. Este estudo relata o parasitismo por Amblyomma auricularium e detecção de anticorpos anti-Rickettsia spp. em gatos domésticos, em uma propriedade rural no município de Afrânio, Pernambuco, Brasil. Amblyomma auricularium (24 ninfas, seis fêmeas e quatro machos) e Amblyomma sp. (42 larvas) parasitavam os gatos, e 73 carrapatos de vida-livre foram capturados em tocas de tatus: A. auricularium (36 ninfas, seis fêmeas, cindo machos) e Amblyomma sp. (26 larvas). Amostras de sangue dos três gatos foram coletadas, e os plasmas obtidos foram submetidos à reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) para a detecção de anticorpos contra antígenos de Rickettsia. Dessa forma, anticorpos anti-Rickettsia spp. foram determinados (títulos variando de 256 a 512) e demonstraram uma resposta predominante para Rickettsia amblyommatis ou genótipo próximo. Este estudo relata, pela primeira vez, infestação de ninfas e adultos A. auricularium em gatos em uma nova área de ocorrência na região semiárida do nordeste do Brasil. E, também relata, pela primeira vez, a presença de anticorpos anti-Ricketsia em gatos na região, com R. amblyommatis como agente provável pela infecção.

Abstract The domestic cat is not considered a primary host for any specific tick species; however, it can be affected by some Ixodidae species, such as Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Amblyomma spp. The study reports parasitism by Amblyomma auricularium and the detection of anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies in domestic cats from a rural property in the Afrânio municipality, Pernambuco, Brazil. Amblyomma auricularium (24 nymphs, six females, and four males) and Amblyomma sp. (42 larvae) parasitized three cats, and 73 free-living ticks were captured in armadillo burrows: A. auricularium (36 nymphs, six females, five males) and Amblyomma sp. (26 larvae). Blood samples from cats were collected and the obtained plasma were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect antibodies against Rickettsia antigens. Thus, anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies were determined (titers ranging from 128 to 512) and showed a predominant antibody response to Rickettsia amblyommatis or a very closely related genotype. This study reports the first infestation of nymphs and adults of A. auricularium on cats in a new area of occurrence in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil and reports for the first time the presence of anti-Ricketsia antibodies in cats in the region, with R. amblyommatis as the probable infectious agent.

Abstract 26. Echinococcus vogeli originates neotropical polychistic echinococcosis, an emerging zoonotic disease in tropical countries of Central and South America. Its life cycle is adapted to a mandatory relationship between the bush dog (Speothos venaticus) and one of its main prey, the paca (Cuniculus paca), which is, in turn, one of the most consumed species as a source of animal protein in the Peruvian Amazon. The aim of this work was to evaluate the frequency of E. vogeli in pacas hunted for personal consumption by inhabitants in the high basin of the Itaya River. During 2016-2017, subsistence hunters from the communities of Melitón Carbajal, Luz del Oriente, 28 de Enero and Nueva Villa Belén collected liver and lungs of 36 pacas and the liver of a nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). These organs were analyzed by parasitological, including macroscopic, microscopic-morphometric analysis. The 13.5% (5/37) of the wild mammals collected (paca n=4; nine-banded armadillo n=1) presented polycystic masses in the liver, with rostral hooks of protocystic scolices compatible with E. vogeli. This work contributes to the ecoepidemiological knowledge of new records on the distribution of E. vogeli and confirms the first record of E. vogeli in the nine-banded armadillo in the Peruvian Amazon, reinforcing the need to raise awareness, prevent, monitor, control and expand the search for neotropical echinococcosis and other zoonoses in wildlife and human populations in coexistence, from the “One Health” approach.

Resumen 22. Echinococcus vogeli origina la Equinococosis Neotropical Poliquística, enfermedad zoonótica emergente en países tropicales de Centro y Sur América. Su ciclo natural está adaptado a una relación predador-presa representado principalmente por el perro de monte (Speothos venaticus) y el majaz (Cuniculus paca), que es una de las especies silvestres más consumidas en la Amazonia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la frecuencia de E. vogeli en majaces cazados para consumo personal por pobladores de la cuenca alta del Río Itaya, en la Amazonía peruana. Durante el periodo 2016-2017, cazadores de subsistencia de las comunidades de Melitón Carbajal, Luz del Oriente, 28 de Enero y Nueva Villa Belén realizaron la colecta de hígados y pulmones de 36 majaces y el hígado de un armadillo de nueve bandas, (Dasypus novemcinctus). Se realizaron análisis parasitológicos, que incluyó descripciones macroscópicas, microscópicas y morfometría. El 13,5% (5/37) de los mamíferos silvestres colectados (majaz n=4; armadillo de nueve bandas n=1) presentaron masas poliquísticas en hígado, con ganchos rostelares de protoescólices compatibles con E. vogeli. Este trabajo aporta al conocimiento ecoepidemiológico de nuevos registros sobre la distribución de E. vogeli y confirma el primer registro de E. vogeli en armadillo de nueve bandas en la Amazonia peruana, reforzando la necesidad de concientizar, prevenir, monitorear, controlar y ampliar la búsqueda de la equinococosis neotropical y otras zoonosis en fauna silvestre y en poblaciones humanas en coexistencia, desde el enfoque de “Una Salud”.

RESUMEN Las relaciones entre humanos y animales han sido objeto de debates profundos que indican que estas exceden lo meramente económico, implicando diálogos, acuerdos y desacuerdos. El análisis de sus representaciones desplegadas en soportes que circulaban en contextos específicos constituye una vía de entrada para explorar estos sentidos. Aquí profundizaremos una línea de indagación que se centra en un motivo zoomorfo que no había sido aún estudiado sistemática mente: los quirquinchos. El análisis realizado sobre el material Belén relevado por el Proyecto Arqueológico Chaschuil-Abaucán (PACh-A) en la región de Fiambalá (Catamarca) se orientó a:identificar las características anatómicas distintivas de las representaciones de quirquinchos;estimar su intensidad de representación; y (iii) definir los recursos plásticos y compositivos utilizados en su creación. El abordaje propuesto develó que, aunque no ocupe una posición des tacada dentro de las piezas, el quirquincho es el animal más intensamente representado dentro del repertorio estudiado.

ABSTRACT Human-animal relations have been object of deep debates which show that they exceed the economic dimension, implying dialogues, agreements and disagreements. The study of animal representations, embodied on different objects according to specific contexts, is a starting point from where to explore these meanings. In this study, we will centre our research around one kind of zoomorphic representation that has never been systematically studied before: the ‘armadillo’. Analysis done on a sample of Belén’s ceramic pottery recorded by the Proyecto Arqueológico Chaschuil-Abaucán in Fiambalá (Catamarca), had the aim to: (i) identify the distinct anatomical characteristics of armadillo’s representations; (ii) estimate the propensity of its representation; and (iii) define the artistic and compositional resources used in their creation. The approach we proposed unveils that, even if it is not in a central position in the analyzed pieces, the armadillo is the animal most intensely represented in the studied repertoire.

Resumo Microcefalia primária autossômica recessiva (MCPH) é um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por uma redução congênita do perímetro cefálico (-3 a -5 DP) e deficiência intelectual não progressiva. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar mutações patogênicas no gene ASPM a fim de compreender a etiologia e o mecanismo molecular da microcefalia primária. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de várias famílias em diferentes áreas remotas do Paquistão de fevereiro de 2017 a maio de 2019, que foram identificadas como afetadas com microcefalia primária. A extração do DNA foi realizada pelo método salting-out; a qualidade e a quantidade de DNA foram avaliadas por espectrofotometria e eletroforese em gel de agarose a 1%, respectivamente, na Universidade de Punjab. A análise de mutação foi realizada por sequenciamento completo do exoma do Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne. O sequenciamento de Sanger foi feito na Universidade do Punjab para confirmar a natureza patogênica da mutação. Uma nova mutação de deleção de 4 bp c.3877_3880delGAGA foi detectada no exon 17 do gene ASPM em duas famílias afetadas por microcefalia primária (A e B), que resultou em uma mutação de frame shift no gene seguida por síntese de proteína truncada (pGlu1293Lysfs * 10), bem como a perda do domínio IQ de ligação à calmodulina e o domínio do tipo Armadillo na proteína ASPM. Usando as ferramentas in-silico Mutation Taster, PROVEAN e PolyPhen, o efeito patogênico dessa nova mutação foi testado; foi previsto ser “causador de doenças”, com altos escores de patogenicidade. Uma mutação relatada anteriormente no exon 24 (c.9730C > T) do gene ASPM, resultando em truncamento de proteína (p.Arg3244 *) também foi observada na família C. Mutações no gene ASPM são a causa mais comum de MCPH na maioria dos casos . Portanto, a inscrição de famílias afetadas adicionais de áreas remotas do Paquistão ajudaria a identificar ou mapear novas mutações no gene ASPM da microcefalia primária.

Abstract Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a congenitally reduced head circumference (-3 to -5 SD) and non-progressive intellectual disability. The objective of the study was to evaluate pathogenic mutations in the ASPM gene to understand etiology and molecular mechanism of primary microcephaly. Blood samples were collected from various families across different remote areas of Pakistan from February 2017 to May 2019 who were identified to be affected with primary microcephaly. DNA extraction was performed using the salting-out method; the quality and quantity of DNA were evaluated using spectrophotometry and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively in University of the Punjab. Mutation analysis was performed by whole exome sequencing from the Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne. Sanger sequencing was done in University of the Punjab to confirm the pathogenic nature of mutation. A novel 4-bp deletion mutation c.3877_3880delGAGA was detected in exon 17 of the ASPM gene in two primary microcephaly affected families (A and B), which resulted in a frame shift mutation in the gene followed by truncated protein synthesis (p.Glu1293Lysfs*10), as well as the loss of the calmodulin-binding IQ domain and the Armadillo-like domain in the ASPM protein. Using the in-silico tools Mutation Taster, PROVEAN, and PolyPhen, the pathogenic effect of this novel mutation was tested; it was predicted to be “disease causing,” with high pathogenicity scores. One previously reported mutation in exon 24 (c.9730C>T) of the ASPM gene resulting in protein truncation (p.Arg3244*) was also observed in family C. Mutations in the ASPM gene are the most common cause of MCPH in most cases. Therefore, enrolling additional affected families from remote areas of Pakistan would help in identifying or mapping novel mutations in the ASPM gene of primary microcephaly.

Resumen Evaluamos la eficiencia del fototrampeo para monitorear aves y mamíferos en pastizales del sistema de Tandilia mediante la ocupación naïve, tasa de captura y tiempo hasta la primera detección de cada especie. Comparamos la riqueza observada con aquella reportada en bases de datos en línea. Realizamos curvas de acumulación de especies para estimar el esfuerzo de muestreo necesario para detectar la riqueza de especies. Detectamos 50 especies de aves y 15 de mamíferos. Las principales especies de aves (calandria común, chingolo, hornero, verdón e inambú campestre) representaron 48% de todas las detecciones de este grupo, con una ocupación naïve de 21-25% y tiempos promedios hasta la primera detección de entre 6 y 9 días. Las principales especies de mamíferos (zorro pampeano, peludo, liebre europea, zorrino y gato montés) contituyeron 81% de las detecciones de este grupo, con una ocupación naïve de 32-77% y tiempos promedios hasta la primera detección de entre 4 y 7 días. Un muestreo de 2 semanas fue el balance óptimo entre esfuerzo y calidad de los resultados. Se detectó toda la riqueza reportada de mamíferos y la mitad de las aves asociadas a pastizales. Brindamos información valiosa para futuros monitoreos con fototrampeo en pastizales neotropicales.

Abstract We assessed the efficiency of camera trapping in monitoring bird and mammal species in the grasslands of Tandilia Mountains by calculating the naïve occupancy, capture rate, and time to the first detection for each species. We compared the observed richness with the reported richness from online databases. We performed species accumulation curves to estimate the sampling effort necessary to detect bird and mammal species. We detected 50 bird and 15 mammal species. The top 5 bird species (Chalk-browed Mockingbird, Rufous-collared Sparrow, Rufous Hornero, Great Pampa-Finch, and Spotted Nothura) accounted for 48% of all detected individual birds, with naïve occupancy of 21-25% and mean times for the first detection between 6 and 9 days. The top 5 mammal species (Pampas fox, large hairy armadillo, European hare, Molina’s hog-nosed skunk, and Geoffroy’s cat) accounted for 81% of all detected individual mammals, with naïve occupancy of 32-77% and mean times for the first detection between 4 and 7 days. A sampling effort of 2 weeks was the optimal balance between effort and result qualities. We detected all the reported richness of mammals and half of the reported grassland-associated birds. We provide valuable information for future grassland species monitoring with camera trapping in Neotropical grasslands.

RESUMO Compreender os impactos ecológicos das estradas sobre a fauna de mamíferos requer o monitoramento periódico das estradas e a identificação da distribuição temporal e espacial dos atropelamentos (ou seja, hotspots de atropelamentos). O objetivo principal do estudo foi identificar os mamíferos mais atropelados e avaliar a distribuição temporal e espacial dos atropelamentos na RJ-122, uma rodovia que atravessa a ameaçada Mata Atlântica de baixada no estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. Entre outubro de 2017 e janeiro de 2020, foi realizado um intenso estudo de monitoramento, com a coleta três vezes por semana das carcaças dos mamíferos atropelados. Ao todo, registramos 295 mamíferos atropelados pertencentes a 22 espécies, resultando em 11 atropelamentos por mês para a rodovia RJ-122. O gambá-de-orelha-preta, Didelphis aurita (N=149, 51%) destacou-se como o mamífero mais atropelado, seguido pelo ouriço-cacheiro, Coendou spinosus (N= 24, 8%), cachorro-do-mato, Cerdocyon thous (N= 23, 8%), tatu-galinha, Dasypus novemcinctus (N= 23, 8%) e sagui-de-tufo-branco, Callithrix jacchus (N= 20, 7%). Os atropelamentos na RJ-122 variaram ao longo do ano, sendo mais frequentes na estação chuvosa (N=180) do que na estação seca (N=115), e se concentraram em duas áreas, indicando alguns pontos críticos com alta frequência de atropelamentos. Os hotspots foram associados a áreas com vegetação natural densa, que podem funcionar como corredores florestais nesta paisagem fragmentada. Com base em nossos resultados, várias medidas de mitigação são recomendadas para a rodovia RJ-122. ou seja . atropelamentos) RJ122, RJ122 RJ 122, 122 Janeiro Brasil 201 2020 todo 29 2 espécies 1 RJ122. 122. gambádeorelhapreta, gambádeorelhapreta gambá orelha preta, preta gambá-de-orelha-preta N=149, N149 N 149 (N=149 51% 51 destacouse destacou atropelado ouriçocacheiro, ouriçocacheiro ouriço cacheiro, cacheiro ouriço-cacheiro N= (N 24 8%, 8 8% , cachorrodomato, cachorrodomato cachorro mato, mato cachorro-do-mato 23 tatugalinha, tatugalinha tatu galinha, galinha tatu-galinha saguidetufobranco, saguidetufobranco sagui tufo branco, branco sagui-de-tufo-branco 20 7%. 7 7% 7%) RJ-12 ano N=180 N180 180 (N=180 N=115, N115 N=115 115 (N=115) densa fragmentada resultados RJ12 12 202 N=149 N14 14 (N=14 5 RJ-1 N=18 N18 18 (N=18 N11 N=11 (N=115 RJ1 N=14 N1 (N=1 RJ- N=1 (N=11

ABSTRACT Understanding the ecological impacts of roads on mammals requires periodic monitoring of roads, and identification of both temporal and spatial distribution of roadkills (i.e., roadkill hotspots). The main aim of the study was to identify the most roadkilled mammals and evaluate the temporal and spatial distribution of roadkills in the RJ-122, a highway that crosses the threaten lowland Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. Between October 2017 and January 2020, an intense monitoring study was conducted, with the carcasses of the roadkilled mammals being collected three times a week. Overall, we recorded 295 roadkilled mammals belonging to 22 species, resulting in 11 roadkills per month for the RJ-122 highway. The black-eared opossum, Didelphis aurita (N=149, 51%) stood out as the most roadkilled mammal, followed by porcupine, Coendou spinosus (N= 24, 8%), crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous (N= 23, 8), nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus (N= 23, 8%), and white-tufted marmoset, Callithrix jacchus (N= 20, 7%). Roadkills on the RJ-122 varied throughout the year, being more frequent in the rainy season (N=180) than in the dry season (N=115), and were concentrated in two hotspots, indicating some critical points with high roadkill frequency. Hotspots were associated with areas with dense natural vegetation, which can function as forest corridors in this fragmented landscape. Based on our results, several mitigation measures are recommended for the RJ-122 highway. i.e., ie i e (i.e. hotspots. hotspots . hotspots) RJ122, RJ122 RJ 122, 122 Janeiro Brazil 201 2020 conducted week Overall 29 2 species 1 RJ-12 blackeared black eared opossum N=149, N149 N 149 (N=149 51% 51 mammal porcupine N= (N 24 8%, 8 8% , 8%) crabeating crab eating fox 23 8, 8) ninebanded nine banded armadillo whitetufted white tufted marmoset 20 7%. 7 7% 7%) year N=180 N180 180 (N=180 N=115, N115 N=115 115 (N=115) frequency vegetation landscape results i.e. (i.e RJ12 12 202 RJ-1 N=149 N14 14 (N=14 5 N=18 N18 18 (N=18 N11 N=11 (N=115 i.e RJ1 RJ- N=14 N1 (N=1 N=1 (N=11

Resumo Quando algumas sertanias semiáridas e dos cerrados piauienses viram suas quadras chuvosas inverterem suas ordens, e os verões compridos se voltarem em águas grandes em menos de um quadriênio, entre 2019 e 2022, os viventes das terras de brejo do sudoeste do estado começam a reordenar suas convivências com as aparições de uma vida climática irregular. Esta é uma etnografia sobre sofreres coparticipados entre solos, preás, vacas, roças de aipim e humanos que padecem com o excesso de água das invernadas que recaem onde antes a estiagem parecia mais parcimoniosa. À semelhança das elaborações biossemióticas que os viventes brejeiros piauienses estendem em torno dessas mudanças, preferimos reconhecer a chegada das águas grandes pelas associações emocionais íntimas de organismos multiespecíficos que só conseguem entender o insólito momento climático e a sua excessiva umidade por meio de um “sofrimento que se sofre junto”. ordens quadriênio 201 2022 irregular solos preás vacas parcimoniosa mudanças sofrimento junto. junto . junto” 20 202 2

Abstract When some the semi-arid sertanias and the cerrados of Piauí saw their rainy seasons reverse their order, and the long summers turn into big waters in less than a quadrennium, between 2019 and 2022, the inhabitants of the wetlands of the southwest of the state begin to reorder their coexistence with the appearances of an irregular climatic life. This is an ethnography on shared suffering between soils, armadillo, cows, cassava fields, and humans who suffer with the excess of water where before the drought seemed more parsimonious. Similar to the biosemiotic elaborations that the Piauí people make about these changes, we prefer to read the arrival of the great waters through the emotional associations of multi-species organisms that can only understand the unusual climate and its excessive humidity through a “suffering that is suffered together”. semiarid semi arid order quadrennium 201 2022 life soils armadillo cows fields parsimonious changes multispecies multi species together. together . together” 20 202 2

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a casuística dos Xenarthras atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), a fim de quantificar as principais ocorrências para atendimento clínico, identificar as principais espécies, o sexo, a faixa etária, a procedência e destinação dos animais recebidos. Os dados foram obtidos entre janeiro de 2013 a agosto de 2020. As variáveis analisadas foram número de animais por espécie, sexo, faixa etária, peso (quilogramas), forma de recebimento (resgate, tutela), responsável pelo encaminhamento do animal ao hospital, procedência, circunstância de admissão, tempo de internação (dias) e evolução ou destinação do animal recebido (soltura, cativeiro, morte, eutanásia, fuga). O teste de Fisher foi utilizado para avaliar se a ocorrência de doenças estava relacionada ao sexo, bem como se a mortalidade animal foi influenciada pelo sexo e por enfermidades. O teste Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para avaliar se a mortalidade diferiu em relação à faixa etária. Um total de 92 animais Xenarthras foi admitido, composto por 66 Bradypus variegatus, 10 Choloepus didactylus, 15 Tamandua tetradactyla e um Dasypus novemcinctus. Os animais foram procedentes principalmente do município de Castanhal (70%), sendo o resgate a principal forma de aquisição dos animais (88%, B. Variegatus; 80%, C. Didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla), realizado em maior parte por pessoa física (88%, B. Variegatus; 80%, C. Didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla). O sexo dos animais não influenciou a ocorrência de doenças ou mortalidade em nenhuma espécie. Por outro lado, a mortalidade de B. variegatus foi significativamente maior naqueles animais admitidos com alguma enfermidade (p=0,000). A mortalidade em filhotes desta espécie foi maior quando comparada com as categorias jovem e adulta (p=0,003). RESUMO UFPA, UFPA , (UFPA) clínico espécies etária recebidos 201 2020 quilogramas, quilogramas (quilogramas) resgate, (resgate tutela, tutela tutela) hospital admissão dias (dias soltura, soltura (soltura cativeiro morte eutanásia fuga. fuga . fuga) enfermidades Quiquadrado Qui quadrado 9 admitido 6 1 didactylus novemcinctus 70%, 70 70% (70%) 88%, 88 (88% B Variegatus 80 80% C Didactylus 100 100% T tetradactyla, tetradactyla) tetradactyla. lado p=0,000. p0000 p p=0,000 0 000 (p=0,000) p=0,003. p0003 p=0,003 003 (p=0,003) (UFPA 20 202 (quilogramas 7 (70% 88% 8 (88 p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,000 (p=0,003 2 (70 (8 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,00 (7 ( p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p=0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to analyze the casuistry of xenarthrans treated at the veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Pará to quantify the most important cases for clinical care and identify the main species, sex, age group, origin, and destination of the animals admitted. The data were collected from January 2013 to August 2020. The variables analyzed were the number of animals by species, sex, age group, weight (kilograms), form of admission (rescue or guardianship), person responsible for the admission of the animal, origin, circumstances of admission, length of stay (days), and evolution or destination of the animal (release, captivity, death, euthanasia, or escape). Fisher’s exact test was used to determine whether disease incidence was related to sex and whether animal mortality was influenced by sex and disease. The chi-square test was used to determine whether mortality differed by age group. Ninety-two (92) xenarthrans were included: 66 Bradypus variegatus, 10 Choloepus didactylus, 15 Tamandua tetradactyla, and one Dasypus novemcinctus. The animals were mainly from the municipality of Castanhal (70%) and were acquired through rescue (88%, B. variegatus; 80%, C. didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla), a significant proportion of which was per natural persons (88%, B. variegatus; 80%, C. didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla). The most important circumstances that led to the admission of the animals were as follows: animals for examination (42%, n=39), young animals at risk (9%, n=8), hit by a vehicle (8%, n=7), respiratory disease (7%, n=6), fall from a tree (5%, n=5), and electrotrauma (5%, n=5). Release was the most common destination of animals after hospitalization (59% B. variegatus, 50% C. didactylus, and 66% T. tetradactyla). The sex of the animals did not affect the incidence of disease or mortality in any species. In contrast, mortality of B. variegatus was significantly higher in animals admitted with disease (p=0.000). Mortality in cubs of this species was higher than that in juveniles and adults (p=0.003). ABSTRACT group origin 201 2020 kilograms, kilograms , (kilograms) guardianship, guardianship guardianship) days, days (days) release, release (release captivity death euthanasia escape. escape . escape) Fishers Fisher s chisquare chi square Ninetytwo Ninety two 92 (92 included 6 1 didactylus tetradactyla novemcinctus 70% 70 (70% 88%, 88 (88% B 80 80% C 100 100% T tetradactyla) tetradactyla. follows 42%, 42 (42% n=39, n39 n n=39 39 n=39) 9%, 9 (9% n=8, n8 n=8 8 n=8) 8%, (8% n=7, n7 n=7 7 n=7) 7%, (7% n=6, n6 n=6 n=6) 5%, 5 (5% n=5, n5 n=5 n=5) n=5. 59% 59 (59 50 contrast p=0.000. p0000 p p=0.000 0 000 (p=0.000) p=0.003. p0003 p=0.003 003 (p=0.003) 20 202 (kilograms (days (9 (70 88% (88 42% 4 (42 n3 n=3 3 9% n= 8% (8 7% (7 5% (5 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.000 (p=0.003 2 ( (4 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

Abstract Although communication capabilities are displayed by many vertebrate groups, some repertoires are poorly known, such as the case of xenarthrans, particularly armadillos, for which vocalization as a source of communicating to others remains poorly understood and relies on punctual reports of sounds. Here we provide the first description of a behavioral response associated with sound emission of two subjects of Dasypus novemcinctus. Both audio and visual registration was performed to subsequent analyses of expressed behaviors and emitted calls, which accounted for 76 vocalizations from a total of eight video recordings randomly collected from 2017 to 2019. Sound is acoustically characterized by both inhale and exhale phases composed of two vocal units, and no harmonic structure was observed. Once the subjects have always produced these vocalizations while cornered and exhibiting defensive behavior against another subject/human disturbance, these vocalizations were termed as distress. Subjects produced a hiss-purr-like sound while trying to avoid contact with another by bowing or lowering their bodies, humping, or even moving elsewhere when sound production ceased. This shows that the sound repertoire of armadillos is still to be unveiled and seems to be much more complex than previously thought.

RESUMEN En la parte occidental de la Plataforma Valles-San Luis Potosí en la localidad cerro Quemado cercano a El Temazcal, municipalidad de Armadillo de Los Infante, afloran dos secuencias: una inferior de aguas someras de la Formación El Abra del Cenomaniano medio-superior y, sobreyaciendo en discordancia, un depósito de aguas profundas del Maastrichtiano superior llamado informalmente “unidad Temazcal”. El contacto discordante entre estas dos unidades sedimentarias mostró un hiatus como resultado de un tiempo de no depósito en el registro sedimentario, combinado con la erosión y que produjo un relieve topográfico. Sobre la base de los cambios litológicos desde la caliza subyacente hacia la caliza limosa, así como del estudio bioestratigráfico detallado basado en las asociaciones foraminiferales, se ha establecido una datación precisa, haciendo posible estimar la magnitud del hiatus, que se extiende desde la parte inferior del Turoniano, incluyendo el Coniaciano, el Santoniano y posiblemente la parte inferior del Maastrichtiano.

ABSTRACT On the western part of the Valles-San Luis Potosí Platform located in Cerro Quemado near Temazcal, municipality of Armadillo de Los Infante, two sequences crop out. The lower one is the shallow-water El Abra Formation of the mid-upper Cenomanian, unconformably covered by a deep-water deposit of the upper Maastrichtian informally called here the “Temazcal unit.” The succession presents a nonconforming contact between these two sedimentary units, displaying a hiatus as the result of a time of non-deposition in the sedimentary record, showing a subaerial exposure with erosion yielding topographic relief. Based on the lithological changes from the underlying limestone toward the overlying silty limestone, as well as a detailed biostratigraphic study based on foraminiferal associations that provide an accurate dating, it has been possible to estimate the magnitude of the hiatus, which spans from the lower part of the Turonian, including the Coniacian, the Santonian, and possibly the lower part of the Maastrichtian.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: En un experimento de restauración iniciado en 2006 en un pastizal inducido, dentro de un paisaje dominado por selva tropical lluviosa en Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, se establecieron 24 parcelas cercadas, con tres tratamientos de restauración. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar, mediante fototrampeo, cuáles especies de mamíferos terrestres medianos o grandes (≥1 kg de peso) y con qué frecuencia visitaban las parcelas, a 12 años de iniciado el experimento. Métodos: Se utilizaron cámaras-trampa, en 18 de las 24 parcelas. Se hicieron dos muestreos, uno en el periodo lluvioso de 2018 y otro en el seco de 2019. Se determinó el número de especies y de registros fotográficos independientes para cada una, en cada tratamiento (parcelas excluidas del forrajeo del ganado: a) sin adición de plantas -sucesión natural-; con plantación de árboles, b) dispersados por viento y c) dispersados por animales) y temporada de muestreo. Resultados clave: El esfuerzo total de muestreo fue de 290 días/cámara-trampa. En el periodo lluvioso se obtuvieron 12 fotografías y cuatro vídeos de tlacuache (Didelphis spp.), armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) y guaqueque mexicano (Dasyprocta mexicana). En la época seca se registró al armadillo en 10 fotografías y cinco vídeos. Hubo pocos registros de mamíferos medianos, en comparación con fototrampeos en la selva conservada de la zona, y en solo siete de las 18 parcelas muestreadas. En general, hubo más registros en parcelas con cualquier tipo de plantación que en las de sucesión natural y esto fue más evidente en la época de lluvias. Conclusiones: La respuesta de los mamíferos medianos terrestres a la restauración parece ser más lenta que la registrada para otros grupos faunísticos (p. ej., murciélagos). Para evaluar la recuperación de la funcionalidad ecológica que incluye los roles ecológicos que desempeñan los mamíferos medianos en este experimento, se debe continuar y ampliar el esfuerzo de monitoreo.

Abstract: Background and Aims: In an experiment initiated in 2006 in an induced pasture, within a landscape dominated by tropical rainforest, in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, 24 fenced plots with three restoration treatments were established. Our objective was to determine with camera trapping, which species of medium or large terrestrial mammals (≥1 kg in weight), and with what frequency, visited the plots 12 years after the establishment of the experiment. Methods: Camera traps were used in 18 of the 24 plots. Two censuses were carried out, one in the rainy season of 2018 and the other in the dry season of 2019. The number of species and the independent photographic records of each one were determined for each treatment (plots excluded from cattle: a) with no addition of plants -natural succession-; with tree plantations, b) dispersed by wind, and c) dispersed by animals) and each sampling season. Key results: The total sampling effort was 290 camera trap days. For the rainy season, 12 photographs and four videos of opossum (Didelphis spp.), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) and Mexican agouti (Dasyprocta mexicana) were obtained. For the dry season, the armadillo was recorded in 10 photographs and five videos. There were few records of medium-sized mammals, compared to photo trapping in conserved forest in the area and only in seven of the 18 sampled plots. Overall, there were more records in plantations than in natural succession, and this was more evident in the rainy season. Conclusions: The response of medium-sized terrestrial mammals to restoration seems to be slower than recorded for other faunal groups (e.g., bats). To assess the recovery of ecological functionality that includes the ecological roles played by medium-sized mammals in this experiment, monitoring effort should be continued and expanded.

Abstract The jaguar Panthera onca and the Brazilian three-banded armadillo Tolypeutes tricinctus are two threatened mammals that coexist in the Caatinga dry forests and the Cerrado savannas of Brazil. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, interactions between these species have not been reported in the literature. Here, we present the first records of P. onca predation on T. tricinctus from two different areas in the Caatinga in northeastern Brazil. We showed that P. onca can pierce the hard carapace of T. tricinctus, which may be possible due to its distinctly strong bite and associated predation behavior. We argue that P. onca may be the most adapted non-human predator to feed on T. tricinctus, and that the smaller body sizes of P. onca individuals in the Caatinga may increase their likelihood to feed on smaller prey, including T. tricinctus. Thus, the originality of our records is probably more related to insufficient research in the areas where these species coexist than to the rarity of this interaction.

Abstract The similarity between parasites communities’ decay with distance and its analysis may explain important ecological process such host dispersion. Patagonia is inhabited by two armadillo species, Chaetophractus villosus and Zaedyus pichiy. In this study we describe and analyze the variation on helminth fauna of these armadillos in Patagonia compared with northern localities described in previous studies. A total of 49 armadillos were collected in Patagonia. Quantitative descriptors of parasite ecology were calculated and community structure of helminths was analyzed following the central-satellite species hypothesis. The parasite richness in Patagonia decreases almost 50% in both armadillos. Zaedyus pichiy present the same central species in Patagonia as in northern localities. For C. villosus central-satellite species analysis could not be applied. The loss of some helminths in Z. pichiy could be the result of lower temperatures or the absence of intermediate arthropods hosts. But in C. villosus the absence of some helminths with Patagonian distribution could be explained by its recent dispersion in Patagonia. Trichohelix tuberculata still being the only helminth in C. villosus introduced population of Tierra del Fuego.

Resumen Este artículo analiza la transmisión y recepción onírica de saberes entre el armadillo Kamashrhush y la mujer sabia Diocelina como una relación humano-animal específica y altamente individual. En el contexto de una antropología del sueño dominada por la noción de viajes del alma, este artículo expone la manera pasiva y encarnada de las experiencias oníricas en Sokorpa configurada por la visita del ámbito no-humano en la vida cotidiana de las personas que están soñando. Además, destaca la naturaleza cooperativa de la relación entre Diocelina y Kamashrhush contra el trasfondo de las prácticas armadillo-humano basadas en la caza (respetuosa) y la evasión. Propone la similarización ontológica como medio para las interacciones sociales con seres no-humanos que suceden sin transformación o cruce de límites ontológicos, elementos que se consideran esenciales de la comunicación entre especies en las teorías antropológicas amazónicas.

Abstract: This paper examines the oneiric knowledge transmission/reception between the armadillo Kamashrhush and the wise woman Diocelina as a specific and highly individual human-animal relationship. In the context of an Anthropology of Dreaming dominated by the notion of soul-travels, this paper discusses the passive and embodied manner of Sokorpa dream experiences shaped by the visit from the other-than-human realm into the dreamer’s everyday life. Furthermore, it highlights the cooperative nature of the relationship between Diocelina and Kamashrhush against the backdrop of armadillo-human practices based on (respectful) hunting and avoidance. It proposes ontological similarization as a means for social interactions with other-than-human beings that go without transformation and ontological boundary crossing, elements considered as the core components of interspecies communication in Amazonian anthropological theories.

Resumo: Esse artigo pesquisa a transmissão/ recepção onírica do conhecimento entre o tatú Kamashrhush e a mulher sabedora Diocelina, como uma relação especifica e muito individual entre o ser humano e o animal. Na perspectiva de uma antropologia do sonho, dominada pela noção de viagens da alma, esse artigo trata as formas passivas e encarnadas das experiências oníricas em Sokorpa, que se formam com uma visita desde o domínio não humano à vida quotidiana dos sonhadores. Além disso, sublinha a natureza colaboradora da relação entre Diocelina e Kamashrhush no contexto das praticas entre tatús e humanos, baseadas na caça respeitosa e na tentativa de evitá-la. Igualmente, propõe uma semelhança ontológica como médio para as interações sociais com seres distintos dos humanos, que passam sem a transformação e cruzamento de fronteiras ontológicas, elementos considerados como componentes básicos da comunicação entre espécies nas teorias antropológicas amazônicas.