Abstract Introduction: Spills of flammable liquids can lead to serious accidents, mainly in industrial plants and on roads. To prevent the spread of spills, various forms of collection are used, such as absorption with porous solids. Agroindustrial waste can be used as sorbent materials for flammable liquids. Objective: To determine the sorption capacity of the residual empty-fruit bunch of oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis) and the macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) nutshell for four organic flammable liquids. Methods: The residual biomasses of E. guineensis and Acrocomia sp. were assessed as sorbents for spilled fuels (diesel, jet fuel, commercial kerosene, and gasoline). Volumetric measurement of liquid-fuel absorption at 24 ºC was taken during a week. Desorption was measured at 50 ºC as the drying kinetics, by using moisture scales. Results: The sorption capacity of the Acrocomia sp. material was not satisfactory, compared to the E. guineensis residual material, due to differences in the residual architecture of the organic material. This last can absorb 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 at 24 ºC, during a one-week period. Diatomite absorbs greater quantities of the organic liquids but, the fluids diffusion at 50 ºC is 0.26 ± 0.09 times more slowly in the mineral matrix, because of the greater pore tortuosity in this mineral matrix. Conclusions: The oil-palm empty fruit bunch of E. guineensis, showed lesser but adequate performance than the sorbing behavior for fire hazard mitigation of diatomite. The nutshell of macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) did not prove to be useful for this recovery operation.

Resumen Introducción: Los vertidos de líquidos inflamables pueden producir accidentes graves, principalmente en plantas industriales y en carretera. Para prevenir la dispersión de derrames, se utilizan diversas formas de recolecta, como la absorción con sólidos porosos. Residuos agroindustriales pueden ser aprovechados como materiales sorbentes de líquidos inflamables. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad de absorción de las biomasas residuales del pedúnculo de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) y del endocarpio del fruto de coyol (Acrocomia sp.) para cuatro líquidos orgánicos inflamables. Métodos: Las biomasas residuales de E. guineensis y de Acrocomia sp. se evaluaron como sorbentes para combustibles derramados (diésel, queroseno de aviación, queroseno comercial y gasolina). Se midió la cantidad de líquido absorbida por las biomasas a 24 ºC durante una semana, y su cinética de desorción a 50 ºC, usando balanzas de secado. Resultados: La propiedad sorbente del material de Acrocomia sp. no fue satisfactoria, comparada con el pedúnculo de E. guineensis, debido a diferencias en arquitectura residual del material orgánico. Esta última biomasa muestra una capacidad de absorción para los combustibles de 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 a 24 ºC. La diatomita absorbe mayor cantidad de los combustibles estudiados, pero la difusión de estos fluidos a 50 ºC por la matriz mineral es solo 0.26 ± 0.09 veces lo observado para el material de E. guineensis, como resultado del mayor grado de tortuosidad de los poros de la diatomita. Conclusiones: El pedúnculo de palma aceitera (E. guineensis) mostró un adecuado potencial desempeño para la aplicación pasiva en la mitigación de los riesgos de incendio, con respecto a la diatomita. El endocarpio del fruto de Acrocomia sp. no resultó útil para esta operación de recuperación.

Abstract Determining the diet of herbivores through the epidermal structures present in their excreta makes it possible to identify the plants consumed and estimate the variations at different times of the year. The objective of the study was to determine the botanical composition of the diet of the deer Central American Red Brocket (Mazama temama), in the Parque Nacional Cañón del Río Blanco (PNCRB), Veracruz, Mexico. The vegetation where the study was carried out is an evergreen tropical forest with the presence of induced vegetation. Sampling was carried out during the dry and rainy season of 2021. The plant species consumed were identified with the microhistological analysis of epidermal residues in fecal samples. The diet consisted of 18 species of plants belonging to 14 botanical families. The highest percentage of consumption was for the Solanaceae family (16.6%), followed by Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitacea and Malvaceae (11.1% each). 66% of the plants were consumed in the dry season, and consumption increased by 34% during the rainy season, showing 100% of the plant species in the rainy season, showing 100% consumption in the rainy season.. The plants consumed were 10 herbaceous plants (55.5%), six arboreal plants (33.5%), one shrub and one grass (5.5% each); forest edge plants (BB = 44%), forest interior plants (IB = 33%) and cultured plants (CP = 23%), constituted the diet. M. temama adapted its diet to the availability and temporal and spatial distribution of plants in the habitat and based on climatic conditions (dry vs. rainy).

Resumen La determinación de la dieta de herbívoros a través de las estructuras epidérmicas presentes en sus excretas permite identificar las plantas consumidas y estimar las variaciones entre épocas del año. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la composición botánica de la dieta del venado temazate rojo (Mazama temama) en el Parque Nacional Cañón del Río Blanco (PNCRB), Veracruz, México. La vegetación donde se realizó el estudio es un bosque tropical perennifolio con presencia de vegetación inducida. Los muestreos se realizaron en la época de secas y de lluvias del 2021. Las especies vegetales consumidas se identificaron con análisis microhistológico de residuos epidérmicos en muestras fecales. La dieta estuvo conformada por 18 especies de plantas de 14 familias botánicas. El mayor porcentaje de consumo lo tuvo la familia Solanaceae (16.6%), enseguida Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitacea y Malvaceae (11.1% cada una). El 66% de las plantas fueron consumidas en la época de secas, y aumentó un 34% de consumo durante lluvias, mostrando un 100% del porcentaje de consumo en lluvias. Las plantas consumidas fueron 10 de porte herbáceo (55.5%), seis de porte arbóreo (33.5%), una arbustiva y un pasto (5.5% cada una); plantas de borde de bosque (BB = 44%), de interior de bosque (IB = 33%) y cultivadas (PC = 23%), constituyeron la dieta. M. temama adaptó su dieta a la disponibilidad y distribución temporal y espacial de las plantas en el hábitat y con base en las condiciones climáticas (secas vs lluvias).

Abstract The Esteros del Iberá, located within the biogeographic province of the same name, have recently begun to be explored in an interdisciplinary manner in order to address different aspects of their archaeological landscapes. In fact, pre-Hispanic occupations have been verified, especially from ca. 1000 years BP. This work presents the first analyses of botanical macro- and micro rests from the archaeological site Isla El Disparito, located in Laguna Trin (Esteros del Iberá, Corrientes, Argentina). Recent research at the site reveals evidence of pre-Hispanic occupations characterized by the presence of traces of residential occupations (lithic and bone tools, ceramic material, faunal remains), and burial activities. The analysis focused on charred wood and siliceous microremains found in ceramic fragments collected in the field and sieved in the laboratory. The anthracological analysis revealed the presence of the tree Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. and the palm Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc. The study of microremains revealed phytoliths of Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Arecaceae, and Dicotyledoneae, along with algae and sponge spicules. This research contributes new data on the botanical resources used by ancient communities of Iberá and the characteristic flora of the region during the late Holocene.

Resumen Los Esteros del Iberá, localizados dentro de la Provincia Biogeográfica homónima, recientemente han comenzado a ser explorados de forma interdisciplinarias a fin de abordar diferentes aspectos de sus paisajes arqueológicos. En efecto, se ha verificado ocupaciones prehispánicas especialmente a partir de ca. 1000 años AP. Este trabajo presenta los primeros análisis de macro y microrrestos botánicos del sitio arqueológico Isla El Disparito situado en la Laguna Trin (Esteros del Iberá, Corrientes, Argentina). Investigaciones recientes en el sitio evidencian asentamientos caracterizados por la presencia de vestigios adjudicados a ocupaciones residenciales (instrumentos líticos y óseos, material cerámico, restos faunísticos), y actividades de inhumación. Se analizaron fragmentos de maderas carbonizadas y microrrestos silíceos presentes en las adherencias de fragmentos cerámicos, recolectados en campo y recuperados mediante tamizados en laboratorio. El análisis antracológico reveló la presencia Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav. y la palmera Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc. El estudio de microrrestos reveló fitolitos de Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Arecaceae y Dicotyledoneae, junto con algas y espículas de esponjas. Desde una perspectiva paleoetnobotánica, estos hallazgos proporcionan información de base para discutir respecto del aprovechamiento de recursos botánicos en tiempos prehispánicos. Preliminarmente, permiten caracterizar la paleoflora regional durante el Holoceno tardío.

RESUMO O uso de silicatos em cultura de tecidos tem resultado em efeitos positivos no que tange os caracteres morfológicos, anatômicos e fisiológicos das plantas in vitro. Contudo as respostas biológicas a este mineral são dose e genótipo-dependente. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da suplementação de silício no processo de embriogênese somática da Elaeis guineensis Jacq. O estudo foi realizado em três etapas do processo de clonagem, sendo elas: Regeneração (i) e germinação (ii) dos embriões somáticos e durante a aclimatação ex vitro (iii) das plântulas. Os meios de cultivo foram suplementados com quatro doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 e 1.5 g L-1) de silicato de cálcio (CaSiO3). As plântulas resultantes foram transplantadas e aclimatizadas em casa de vegetação. A análise de regressão evidenciou que a dose de 0.63g L-1 de CaSiO3 induziu maior taxa de regeneração, o que possibilitaria um aumento de 58% no número de embriões somáticos formados. Contudo, a germinação das plântulas, bem como, seus caracteres morfométricos não foram afetados pelas diferentes doses de CaSiO3, embora a presença deste composto tenha promovido aumento da espessura da epiderme e redução na quantidade de cera epicuticular. No geral, o silício contribui para a clonagem de E. guineensis. morfológicos genótipodependente. genótipodependente genótipo dependente. dependente genótipo-dependente sentido objetivouse objetivou se Jacq elas i (i ii (ii iii (iii 0.0, 00 0 (0.0 05 5 0.5 10 1 1. 15 L1 L CaSiO3. CaSiO . (CaSiO3) vegetação 063g 63g L- regeneração 58 formados como epicuticular geral E 0.0 (0. 0. (CaSiO3 (0 (CaSiO (

ABSTRACT The use of silicates in plant tissue culture has resulted in positive effects regarding the morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics of in vitro plants. However, biological responses to this mineral are dose and genotype dependent. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of silicon supplementation on the somatic embryogenesis of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The study was carried out in three stages of the cloning process, namely: Regeneration (i) and germination (ii) of somatic embryos and during ex vitro acclimatization (iii) of regenerated plantlets. The culture media were supplemented with four doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g L-1) of calcium silicate (CaSiO3). The resulting plantlets were transplanted and acclimatized in a greenhouse. The regression analysis showed that the dose of 0.63g L-1 of CaSiO3 induced a higher rate of regeneration, which would allow a 58% increase in the number of somatic embryos formed. However, the germination of the plantlets, as well as their morphometric characters, were not affected by the different doses of CaSiO3, although the presence of this compound promoted an increase in the thickness of the epidermis and a reduction in the amount of epicuticular wax. Overall, silicon does contribute to the cloning of E. guineensis. morphological plants However dependent Elaeis Jacq.. Jacq Jacq. . Jacq.) process namely i (i ii (ii iii (iii 0.0, 00 0 (0.0 05 5 0.5 10 1 1. 15 L1 L CaSiO3. CaSiO (CaSiO3) greenhouse 063g 63g L- regeneration 58 formed characters wax Overall E 0.0 (0. 0. (CaSiO3 (0 (CaSiO (

RESUMO Os baixos valores de germinação encontrados na literatura para Butia eriospatha podem ser reflexo da fisiologia das sementes da espécie, que além de apresentarem dormência podem ter comportamento recalcitrante em relação à secagem e ao armazenamento. Diante disso, objetivou-se com o trabalho classificar as sementes da espécie quanto à tolerância à dessecação, utilizando métodos de secagem rápida e lenta, e definir os teores de água crítico e letal. As sementes foram coletadas em Lages/SC, beneficiadas e imediatamente foi realizado teste de viabilidade (teste de tetrazólio) e determinado o teor de água. As sementes foram submetidas ao protocolo proposto por Hong e Ellis (1996), com adaptações em relação aos métodos de secagem. Foram usadas secagens por métodos rápidos (estufa e sílica gel) e lento (cloreto de magnésio). Foram definidas, ainda, as umidades crítica e letal, por meio de secagem lenta a teores de 18%, 16%, 14%, 12% e 10%. Conclui-se que as sementes de Butia eriospatha são classificadas como recalcitrantes, e os valores de umidade próximos a 14% como crítico e a 10% como letal. armazenamento disso objetivouse objetivou se dessecação letal LagesSC Lages SC Lages/SC tetrazólio 1996, 1996 , (1996) estufa gel cloreto magnésio. magnésio . magnésio) definidas ainda 18 18% 16 16% 14 12 10 Concluise Conclui recalcitrantes 199 (1996 1 19 (199 (19 (1 (

ABSTRACT The low germination values found in the literature for Butia eriospatha may reflect the physiology of the specie's seeds, which, in addition to having dormancy, may have a recalcitrant behavior in relation to drying and storage. Therefore, the objective of this work was to classify the seeds as to desiccation tolerance, using fast and slow drying methods, and to define the critical and lethal water contents. Seeds were collected in Lages/SC, processed and immediately tested for viability (tetrazolium test) and water content determined. The seeds were submitted to the protocol proposed by Hong and Ellis (1996), with adaptations in relation to the drying methods. Drying by fast (oven and silica gel) and slow (Magnesium Chloride) methods were used. The critical and lethal moistures were also defined by means of slow drying (Magnesium Chloride) at levels of 18%, 16%, 14%, 12% and 10%. It is concluded that Butia eriospatha seeds are classified as recalcitrant, and moisture values close to 14% as critical and 10% as lethal. species specie s which dormancy storage Therefore tolerance contents LagesSC Lages SC Lages/SC tetrazolium test determined 1996, 1996 , (1996) oven gel Magnesium Chloride used 18 18% 16 16% 14 12 10 199 (1996 1 19 (199 (19 (1 (

Resumo Estudos anatômicos da lâmina foliar têm sido usados para complementar os dados morfológicos e ajudar na circunscrição taxonômica em Arecaceae. A palmeira híbrida ×Butyagrus nabonnandii é o resultado de cruzamento natural entre Butia odorata e Syagrus romanzoffiana. Objetivou-se verificar se a anatomia foliar pode ajudar na identificação do híbrido, bem como diferenciá-lo dos taxa parentais, ajudando em possíveis dúvidas sobre a identificação taxonômica envolvendo esses três taxa. Amostras da porção mediana de pinas foram coletadas e sujeitas a técnicas usuais para microscopia óptica. Três regiões da pina foram amostradas: margem, região intermediária e nervura mediana. O arranjo das fibras e feixes vasculares foram os principais caracteres considerados. A anatomia da pina provou ser útil na identificação de ×B. nabonnandii, porque mostrou um padrão distinto, demonstrando a importância da anatomia foliar na diferenciação do híbrido dos taxa parentais. A anatomia do híbrido revelou uma combinação de caracteres de ambos os parentais, da mesma maneira como é observado na morfologia externa. Arecaceae Butyagrus romanzoffiana Objetivouse Objetivou diferenciálo diferenciá lo parentais óptica amostradas margem considerados B ×B distinto externa

Abstract Anatomical studies of the leaf blade have been used to complement the morphological data and aid circumscription and identification in Arecaceae. The hybrid palm ×Butyagrus nabonnandii results from the natural cross between Butia odorata and Syagrus romanzoffiana. This study aimed to verify if the leaf anatomy can help identify the hybrid and differentiate it from the parental taxa. Samples from the middle portion of the pinnae were collected and subjected to the usual techniques for light microscopy. Three portions of the pinnae were sampled: margin, intermediate region, and midrib. The main characteristics considered were the arrangement of fibre and vascular bundles. Pinnae anatomy proved to be useful in the identification of ×B. nabonnandii, because it showed a distinctive pattern, highlighting the importance of leaf anatomy in differentiating the hybrid from parental taxa. The pinnae anatomy of the hybrid was a combination of parental taxa’s characters, similar to the external morphology. Arecaceae Butyagrus romanzoffiana taxa microscopy sampled margin region midrib bundles B ×B pattern taxas s characters morphology

Resumo O estudo da anatomia da margem dos folíolos de 24 espécies de Attalea revelou-se importante para a taxonomia do gênero. Transversalmente, a margens proximal e distal dos foliolos de Attalea não são idénticas. As margens proximais quase sempre contêm uma região de células de expansão, que geralmente estão ausentes na margem distal. A face abaxial das margens proximais é quase sempre saliente, inclinando a margem para cima. Por outro lado, o lado adaxial da margem distal é projetado, inclinando a margem para baixo. Assim, temos as margens proximais voltadas para cima encontrando as distais voltadas para baixo. A anatomia da margem dos folíolos foram usadas para colaborar ou questionar as espécies aceitas de uma recente revisão taxonômica de Attalea, que sinonimizou várias espécies. As margens dos folíolos deram suporte à união de algumas espécies, mas permaneceram inconclusivas na união de outras. Finalmente, embora as palmeiras Attalea pertencessem anteriormente a cinco gêneros com base em diferenças na morfologia floral, a anatomia da margem dos folíolos suporta a unidade do gênero Attalea. A anatomia dos folíolos também revelou caracteres intermediários entre os híbridos e suas espécies parentais. 2 revelouse se Transversalmente idénticas expansão saliente projetado baixo Assim outras Finalmente floral parentais

Abstract An anatomical survey of the leaflet margins of 24 species of Attalea revealed insights into the taxonomy of the genus. Examination of cross-sections of Attalea leaflets revealed that the proximal and distal margins are not identical. Proximal margins nearly always contain a region of expansion cells, which are usually absent on the distal margin. The abaxial side of proximal margins is nearly always protruded, angling the margin upwards. Conversely, the adaxial side of the distal margin is protruded, angling the margin downwards. Thus we have upward facing proximal margins meeting downward facing distal ones. The leaflet margins were used to collaborate or question the accepted species of a recent taxonomic revision of Attalea, which synonymized several species. The anatomy of the leaflet margins lent support to uniting some species, but remained inconclusive in uniting others. Finally, although Attalea palms formerly belonged to five genera based on differences in floral morphology, evidence from the leaflet margins supports the notion that all Attalea palms belong to a single genus. Leaflet anatomy also revealed intermediate characters between hybrids and their parental species. 2 genus crosssections cross sections identical cells protruded upwards Conversely downwards ones others Finally morphology

Abstract This study presents the first preliminary phytochemical screening and investigation of the lipoidal matter of Latania verschaffeltii Lem. leaves, belonging to the Arecaceae family. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was used to analyze and identify compounds of saponifiable and unsaponifiable content. The preliminary phytochemical screening of total methanolic extract of Latania verschaffeltii Lem. leaves revealed the presence of unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic acids in the leaves. However, cardenolides, cyanogenic compounds, alkaloids, and iridoids were not detected. The results of the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis indicated that the percentage of saturated fatty acids (83.82%) is higher than that of unsaturated fatty acids (9.42%). The predominant methyl ester of a saturated fatty acid detected in the sample was hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, accounting for 41.68% of the total. The composition of the unsaponifiable matter consisted of hydrocarbons (5.66%), fatty alcohols (0.96%), terpenes (85.97%), and sterols (2.18%). The major terpenes observed were phytol (43.62%) and squalene (39.27%). Lem family GC/MS GCMS GC MS (GC/MS content andor or triterpenes glycosides flavonoids tannins saponins However cardenolides alkaloids chromatographymass 83.82% 8382 83 82 (83.82% 9.42%. 942 9.42% . 9 42 (9.42%) 4168 41 68 41.68 5.66%, 566 5.66% , 5 66 (5.66%) 0.96%, 096 0.96% 0 96 (0.96%) 85.97%, 8597 85.97% 85 97 (85.97%) 2.18%. 218 2.18% 2 18 (2.18%) 43.62% 4362 43 62 (43.62% 39.27%. 3927 39.27% 39 27 (39.27%) 83.82 838 8 (83.82 94 9.42 4 (9.42% 416 6 41.6 56 5.66 (5.66% 09 0.96 (0.96% 859 85.97 (85.97% 21 2.18 1 (2.18% 43.62 436 (43.62 392 39.27 3 (39.27% 83.8 (83.8 9.4 (9.42 41. 5.6 (5.66 0.9 (0.96 85.9 (85.97 2.1 (2.18 43.6 (43.6 39.2 (39.27 83. (83. 9. (9.4 5. (5.6 0. (0.9 85. (85.9 2. (2.1 43. (43. 39. (39.2 (83 (9. (5. (0. (85. (2. (43 (39. (8 (9 (5 (0 (85 (2 (4 (39 ( (3

Resumo O cultivo mundial de palmeiras tem despertado o interesse de pesquisadores e da população no geral, devido ao seu potencial econômico, ecossistêmico, alimentar e paisagístico que desempenham nas áreas de ocorrência. Dentre os taxa dessa família, no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, destacam-se ×Butyagrus nabonnandii e seus progenitores, Syagrus romanzoffiana e Butia odorata. Tradicionalmente, ×B. nabonnandii era considerado estéril pela falta de registros de germinação de suas sementes. Entretanto, nosso grupo demonstrou recentemente a germinação de sementes do híbrido originadas de três populações naturais do RS. O presente trabalho avaliou e aferiu a morfologia vegetativa e reprodutiva de ×B. nabonnandii, comparando-as com seus progenitores em quatro populações naturais do RS. O híbrido apresentou características comuns a ambos os genitores, além de características exclusivas. A caracterização morfológica comparativa de indivíduos estabelecidos em ambientes naturais e seus progenitores é necessária para compreender padrões de variabilidade fenotípica e distribuição da diversidade genética inter e intrapopulacional, com o intuito de subsidiar medidas de recuperação, manutenção e uso sustentável desses recursos. geral econômico ecossistêmico ocorrência família RS, RS , (RS) Brasil destacamse destacam se Butyagrus odorata Tradicionalmente B ×B Entretanto comparandoas comparando as genitores exclusivas intrapopulacional recuperação recursos (RS

Abstract The worldwide cultivation of palm trees has sparked the interest of researchers and the population in general due to their economic, ecosystemic, food, and landscape potential in their areas of occurrence. Among the species of this family in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, ×Butyagrus nabonnandii and its parents, Syagrus romanzoffiana and Butia odorata, stand out. Until recently, ×B. nabonnandii was considered sterile due to the lack of records on seed germination. However, our group recently demonstrated the germination of the hybrids’ seeds from three natural populations in RS, indicating that it is fertile. The present study assessed the vegetative and reproductive morphology and biometry of ×B. nabonnandii and its parents in four natural populations in RS. The hybrid had characteristics common to both parents, in addition to unique ones. The comparative morphological characterization of individuals in natural environments and their parents is necessary to understand patterns of phenotypic variability and distribution of genetic diversity between and within populations and support programs aiming to recover, maintain, and sustainably use these resources. economic ecosystemic food occurrence RS , (RS) Brazil Butyagrus odorata out B ×B However hybrids fertile ones recover maintain resources (RS

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of iron mining tailings on seed germination, photosynthetic capacity, and biomass accumulation of macaúba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) seedlings. After operculum removal, seed germination tests were conducted on two substrates: iron mining tailings and vermiculite (control). No significant difference was observed between treatments in the total percentage of germinated seeds, 68% and 65% for vermiculite and tailings, respectively. In a second essay, the macaúba palm seedlings were grown using four different substrates: a reference soil (mixture of red oxisol and sand), tailings, fertilized reference soil, and fertilized tailings. No significant differences were observed for the chlorophyll indices. Plants in the reference soil showed significantly higher net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. However, plants in fertilized tailing showed greater photochemical efficiency compared to those without fertilization. The study concludes that A. aculeata maintains its germination capacity in iron mining tailings. Tailing fertilization increased macaúba seedling dry mass and leaf area with greater CO2 assimilation and photochemical efficiency. Thus, the macaúba palm is a promising plant component for rehabilitating degraded areas impacted by iron ore mining activities. Acrocomia removal substrates control. control . (control) seeds 68 65 respectively essay mixture sand, sand , sand) indices photosynthesis conductance rate However A CO Thus activities (control 6

Abstract Allagoptera campestris is an acaulescent, rhizomatous palm tree that occurs in grassland and savanna areas (Cerrado). In the Santa Bárbara Ecological Station (Águas de Santa Bárbara, São Paulo, Brazil) the species is found growing in three distinct conditions: 1) in the understory of Pinus species plantations introduced in the 1970s in formerly open savanna, 2) in an area where Pinus species cultivated in the 1970s were later removed and the remaining material burned, and 3) in an open, undisturbed savanna area without the interference of pines. Anatomical studies carried out with A. campestris leaves collected in the same three areas indicated leaf plasticity in response to growth conditions. To verify whether there are differences in vessel element morphology in belowground organs, light, and scanning electron microscopy analyses were conducted on portions just below the crown, in the middle of the rhizome, and the median portions of three longer adventitious roots sampled from three plants in each area. The study reveals significant variations in vessel element characteristics of A. campestris, with roots consistently displaying longer and larger elements than rhizomes, and environmental conditions, especially in pine understory, influence vessel dimensions, and hydraulic conductivity in a negative manner. acaulescent Cerrado. Cerrado . (Cerrado) Águas Paulo Brazil conditions 1 s 2 burned 3 pines A organs light crown rhizome rhizomes dimensions manner (Cerrado

RESUMO O açaizeiro-solteiro (Euterpe precatoria Martius) é uma planta de grande importância socioeconômica na região amazônica. O aumento de seu plantio em regime de monocultivo tem intensificado problemas fitossanitários, especialmente no que tange a insetos-pragas associados. Em maio de 2023, foi observada infestação de moscas-brancas na face abaxial de folíolos de plantas de E. precatoria cultivadas em condição de semicampo (casas de sombreamento) em Rio Branco, Acre. A mosca-branca foi identificada como Aleurodicus pseudugesii, sendo o primeiro registro de associação dessa espécie de aleirodídeo com E. precatoria no Brasil. açaizeirosolteiro açaizeiro solteiro Euterpe Martius amazônica fitossanitários insetospragas insetos pragas associados 2023 moscasbrancas moscas brancas E casas sombreamento Branco Acre moscabranca mosca branca pseudugesii Brasil 202 20 2

ABSTRACT The single assai palm (Euterpe precatória Martius) is a plant of great socio-economic importance in the Amazon region. The increase in its cultivation under monoculture systems has intensified phytosanitary problems, especially regarding associated pest insects. In May 2023, a whitefly infestation was observed on the abaxial surface of leaflets of E. precatória plants grown under semi-field conditions (shaded greenhouses) in Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil. The whitefly was identified as Aleurodicus pseudugesii, representing the first record of the association between this aleyrodid species and E. precatoria in Brazil. Euterpe Martius socioeconomic socio economic region problems insects 2023 E semifield semi field shaded greenhouses Branco state Brazil pseudugesii 202 20 2

Summary Backgrounds: Neltuma alba is one of the most important native woody species in Argentina in the Dry Chaco, part of the Argentine Mesopotamia and the Paraguayan Chaco. It shows great variability due to interspecific hybridization and introgression associated with protogyny and self-incompatibility systems. This species is adapted to arid and semi-arid climates with saline and degraded soils. Environmental heterogeneity and wide distribution may result in local adaptation and autocorrelated spatial patterns in genetic and quantitative variables. Aim: To analyze the spatial structure in provenances of N. alba influenced by isolation by distance in the Gran Chaco Region. M&M: This work studied spatial structure in seven provenances of N. alba from the Dry and Humid Chaco regions, based on fifteen foliar, fruit and germination traits in 68 individuals, together with five environmental variables. Results and Conclusión: univariate statistical analyses showed significant or highly significant differences among provenances. According to Moran's I index phenotypic and geographical distances are significantly autocorrelated for the first distance class (0-0.643 km). Partial Mantel test showed significant correlation for the first two distance classes. The overall analysis showed that 11 of the analyzed traits showed significant spatial autocorrelation. The local spatial analysis indicated that for several traits their hot spots of high similarity between neighboring individuals and cold spots where nearby individuals are highly differentiated.

Resumen Introducción: Neltuma alba es una de las leñosas nativas más importantes de Argentina. Ocupa la ecorregión de Gran Chaco y parte de la Mesopotamia Argentina. Muestra gran variabilidad parcialmente atribuida a hibridación e introgresión con otros algarrobos, asociados a la protoginia y sistemas de autoincompatibilidad. Se adapta a climas áridos y semiáridos con suelos salinos y degradados. La heterogeneidad ambiental y su amplia distribución pueden asociarse a adaptación local y autocorrelacionados espacial en variables genéticas y cuantitativas. Objetivo: Analizar la estructura espacial en procedencias de N. alba influenciada por el aislamiento por distancia en la Región del Gran Chaco. M&M: Se evaluó la autocorrelación en siete procedencias de N. alba de las ecorregiones del Chaco Seco y el Chaco Húmedo, basado en quince rasgos foliares, de fruto y germinación en 68 individuos adultos, incluyendo información de cinco variables ambientales. Resultados y conclusión: Los análisis estadísticos univariados demostraron diferencias significativas o altamente significativas entre procedencias. La asociación entre la similitud fenotípica y la distancia geográfica mostró valores de autocorrelación significativa para la primera clase de distancia (0-0.643 km). El test de Mantel parcial indicó que la correlación entre la distancia fenotípica y geográfica se pierde a partir de 40 - 50 km. El análisis global mostró que 11 de los rasgos analizados presentaron una autocorrelación significativa. El análisis espacial local indicó que para varios rasgos existen puntos de alta similitud entre individuos vecinos (hotspots) y puntos donde los individuos cercanos están muy diferenciados (coldspots).

Summary Background and aims: Butia yatay and Syagrus romanzoffiana are the most popular ornamental palms trees (Arecaceae) cultivated in many cities of Argentina. During the summer both species produce large quantities of fruits that are arranged in pendulous clusters, very striking due to their organoleptic characteristics: intense color and sweet aroma; however, they are underestimated by the urban population to be used as an alternative source of food. This study aimed to characterize these fruits morphoanatomy, histochemical and nutritional composition in order to encourage their consumption. M&M: The fruits were collected and fixed for standard anatomical examination or used fresh for histochemical study. The proximal composition, total phenolic, and fatty acids were determined. Results: The pulps presented large idioblasts containing tannins, mucilage and calcium oxalate raphides. The presence of groups of fibers of different sizes and vascular bundles surrounded by highly developed sclerenchyma sheaths, scattered throughout the mesocarp, was observed. Both fruits were rich in carbohydrate content (B. yatay 11,4 mg g-1 and S. romanzoffiana 37,3 mg g-1) and proved to be a good source of dietary fiber and linoleic and linolenic acids, indispensable for human nutrition since they are parent fatty acids of de omega 6 and omega 3 family. Conclusions: The anatomical and histochemical study of the fruits of B. yatay and S. romanzoffiana allowed us to establish correlations between the observed characters and their proximal and nutritional composition.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: Butia yatay y Syagrus romanzoffiana son las especies de Palmeras (Arecaceae) más cultivadas en Argentina con fines ornamentales. Ambas especies producen en verano grandes cantidades de frutos que se disponen en racimos péndulos, llamativos por sus características organolépticas: colores intensos y aroma dulce; sin embargo son subestimados por la población urbana para ser utilizados como una fuente alternativa de alimento. En el presente trabajo se realizó la caracterización morfológica, anatómica, histoquímica y de composición nutricional de dichos frutos con el fin de alentar su consumo. M&M: Los frutos recolectados fueron fijados para los métodos estándares de micrografía, o fueron utilizados frescos para los estudios histoquímicos. Se determinó la composición proximal, el contenido de ácidos grasos y de polifenoles totales. Resultados: Las pulpas de ambos frutos presentaron idioblastos conteniendo taninos, mucílagos y rafidios de oxalato de calcio. Se observó la presencia de grupos de fibras de distintos tamaños y haces vasculares rodeados de vainas esclerenquimáticas muy desarrolladas, en el mesocarpio. La pulpa presentó un alto contenido de hidratos de carbono (B. yatay 11,4mg g-1, S. romanzoffiana 37,3 mg g-1; a su vez demostraron ser una excelente fuente de fibra dietaria, de ácidos linoléico y linolénico, ambos esenciales en la dieta humana debido a que son precursores en la síntesis de la serie omega 3 y omega 6. Conclusiones: Las características anatómicas e histoquímicas de los frutos de B. yatay y S. romanzoffiana se relacionan con la composición proximal y química obtenida para los mismos.

ABSTRACT The Amazon rainforest is one of the most biodiverse and at the same time most threatened ecosystems in the biosphere. Its different habitats provide a unique floristic pattern. Therefore, we aimed to identify the floristic arboreal composition in an area of the Amazon rainforest and determine the local patterns of diversity in its different habitats. This study was conducted around the Tambopata Research Center, Madre de Dios, Peru. To achieve our goals, we established 20 (50 × 30 m) plots distributed equally in four habitats, these being: Mauritia Palm Swamp, Floodplain Forest, Successional Floodplain Forest, and Tierra Firme Forest. In each plot, we collected all individuals with a diameter at a breast height ≥ of 10 cm. Subsequently, the individuals were identified and classified by cluster and diversity analysis. We found 57 families, 173 genera, 300 species, and 1958 individuals. Fabaceae was the family with the highest number of genera (19) and species (36), while Arecaceae was the family with the highest number of individuals (603). Clustering analysis showed a high cophenetic correlation for habitats (0.94). The biodiversity analysis showed that the Floodplain Forest and the Tierra Firme Forest are the habitats with the highest floristic representation. This study evidences the richness of the Peruvian Amazon rainforest, at the same time that it observes the local patterns of each habitat.

RESUMEN El bosque húmedo amazónico es uno de los ecosistemas más biodiversos y al mismo tiempo más amenazado de la biosfera. Sus distintos tipos de hábitats proporcionan un patrón florístico único. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la composición florística del estrato arbóreo en un área de bosque húmedo amazónico y determinar los patrones locales de diversidad en sus distintos tipos de hábitats. Este estudio fue conducido en los alrededores del Centro de Investigaciones de Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Perú. Para alcanzar los objetivos se establecieron 20 parcelas de 50 × 30 m distribuidas equitativamente en cuatro tipos de hábitats, siendo estos: Bosque de Aguajal, Bosque de Bajío, Bosque Sucesional y Bosque de Tierra Firme. En cada parcela se colectó todos los individuos con diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) ≥ a 10 cm. Posteriormente, los individuos fueron identificados y clasificados mediante análisis de agrupamiento y diversidad. Se encontraron 57 familias, 173 géneros, 300 especies y 1958 individuos. Fabaceae fue la familia con mayor número de géneros (19) y especies (36), mientras Arecaceae fue la familia con mayor número de individuos (603). El análisis de agrupamiento mostró una alta correlación cofenética entre hábitats (0,94). El análisis de biodiversidad mostró que el Bosque de Bajío y el Bosque de Tierra Firme son los hábitats con mayor representatividad florística. Este estudio evidencia la riqueza de los bosques húmedos amazónicos, al mismo tiempo que observa los patrones locales de cada tipo de hábitat.