The present work focused on the screening process of different inorganic oxides and different temperatures for the epoxidation reaction of macaw palm vegetable oil without using solvent, a promising Brazilian biomass that can substitute other vegetable oils (e.g., soybean oil) in technological applications. This oil has an iodine value of 108.48 g of I2 per 100 g being categorized as a semi-dry oil. The epoxidized vegetable oil can be applied in manifold areas in polymer science. The epoxidation reaction here presented avoided organic solvents and organic acids and aimed to produce a greener route using metal oxides or niobium phosphate as a peroxide-activating catalyst. The experimental parameters were maintained as 10 mol% of catalyst loading and a time of 24 h; however, the temperature for some catalysts was changed to improve the epoxide conversion. Experiments were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Experiments using titanium oxide (TiO2) as a catalyst reached a conversion greater than 84.7%, while experiments using aluminium oxide (Al2O3) or lanthanum oxide (La2O3) achieved conversions of 22.6 and 30.1%, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that both niobium compounds instantly react with hydrogen peroxide to form peroxy derivatives. solvent e.g., eg e (e.g. applications 10848 108 48 108.4 I semidry semi dry science peroxideactivating activating 1 mol 2 h however 1H H NMR. NMR . NMR) TiO2 TiO (TiO2 847 84 7 84.7% Al2O3 AlO Al O (Al2O3 La2O3 LaO La (La2O3 226 22 6 22. 301 30 30.1% respectively Furthermore derivatives e.g. (e.g 1084 4 108. (TiO 8 84.7 Al2O (Al2O La2O (La2O 3 30.1 e.g 84. 30.

Schiff bases are diverse organic compounds with an azomethine structure (–C=N–), holding potential in both chemistry and biology. They serve as catalysts, stabilizers, and exhibit various biological activities. The molecular structure of Schiff bases influences their biological properties, including antimicrobial effects. Redox-active compounds with more negative potentials tend to be more effective against microbes. In one of our recent studies, we explored the antimicrobial properties of two Schiff bases derivatives, SB-1 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino) and SB-2 ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline). SB-1 showed antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria, while SB-2 did not. The difference in their cyclic voltametric profiles, especially SB-1’s more negative reduction potential, prompted us to carry out further characterizations, including scan-rate studies, solvent analysis, and computational calculations. We found that SB-1, which presents a stable intramolecular hydrogen bond, undergoes irreversible oxidation, likely at the –NH2 group, and a quasi-reversible reduction via an intramolecular reductive coupling of the (–C=N–) azomethine group, supported by orbital theoretical calculations. This research sheds light on the potential applications of Schiff bases in antimicrobial contexts, guided by their redox properties and structure. –C=N–, CN –C=N– , C N biology catalysts stabilizers activities effects Redoxactive Redox active microbes studies derivatives SB1 SB 1 SB- E4amino33,5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino335ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino Eaminoditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E 4 amino 3 3,5 di tert butyl 2 hydroxybenzylidene 5 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino SB2 E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline. E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline Enitrobenzilideneaminoaniline nitrobenzilidene aniline . ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline) Grampositive Gram positive bacteria not profiles SB1s SBs s characterizations scanrate scan rate analysis calculations SB1, 1, bond oxidation NH2 NH –NH group quasireversible quasi reversible (–C=N– contexts –C=N E4amino33 5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino ditertbutyl hydroxybenzylideneamino 35 3, nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline (–C=N Eamino E4amino3 ditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino

This review provides an overview of the recent progress in organic electrosynthesis in Brazil, ranging from 2013 to 2023. By highlighting the principles, applications, and limitations of various electrosynthetic methodologies, this article aims to contribute to the understanding of basic principles and stimulate research in this field in Brazil. Moreover, the limitations and challenges associated with organic electrosynthesis are covered. Factors such as electrode material selection, solvent effects, and reaction optimization are discussed, highlighting the need for further research and development to overcome these obstacles. Finally, future prospects are outlined. Brazil 201 2023 applications methodologies Moreover covered selection effects discussed obstacles Finally outlined 20 202 2

In recent years, the field of coordination chemistry has experienced a surge in interest regarding the synthesis and characterization of coordination complexes for diverse applications. This study is dedicated to investigating coordination compounds resulting from the interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with metal ions. The study research places significant emphasis on understanding the stability and thermal behavior of these coordination compounds. The utilization of thermoanalytical techniques is crucial in achieving this goal. Thermal analysis and thermokinetics provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms, kinetics, and energetics of these reactions, thereby facilitating the optimization of synthesis procedures. The research employs concurrent techniques, namely thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to explore the thermal stability and decomposition pathways of these coordination compounds. Thermokinetic models and optimization methodologies are subsequently applied to identify key reaction parameters. The primary aim of this research is to unveil the thermal behavior, stability, and reaction kinetics of aceclofenac coordination compounds, thus contributing significantly to the understanding of thermokinetics and thermal analysis in the domain of coordination chemistry. Specifically, this study is focused on aceclofenac coordination complexes involving lanthanum and gadolinium, with the ultimate goal of advancing the field of coordination chemistry. years applications antiinflammatory anti inflammatory NSAIDs (NSAIDs ions mechanisms reactions procedures TG (TG DSC, DSC , (DSC) parameters Specifically gadolinium (DSC

Gold and platinum bimetallic nanoparticles, Au@PtNPs, have gained attention due to their plasmonic properties. The controlled synthesis of Au@PtNPs involves complex parameters, and the resulting synergy between Au and Pt introduces possibilities for tailoring their properties. This study explores the effects of key-parameters of synthesis (gold core diameters, reaction time, and Pt concentration) on the final properties of Au@PtNPs. Gold nanoparticles of varying diameters were synthesized and used as cores for the reduction of hexachloroplatinic acid, forming a surrounding shell of Pt nanoparticles. The parameters were systematically tuned to understand their impact on morphology, dimension, stability, and plasmonic properties of Au@PtNPs. Increasing Pt precursor concentration resulted in thicker and denser Pt shells, broadening the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band and improving Au@PtNPs stability. These properties are essential for applications such as photothermal treatment. The synthesis achieved satisfactory products within just 1 h of Pt4+ reduction at mild temperature without using surfactants. Only limited changes in plasmonic properties were observed after 4 h of synthesis, suggesting an optimal reaction period. Manipulating Au core diameter provided LSPR band control, with smaller cores exhibiting greater broadening towards the infrared region. This systematic exploration provided valuable insights for understanding key-parameters governing the synthesis and properties of Au@PtNPs. AuPtNPs PtNPs keyparameters key gold time acid morphology dimension stability shells (LSPR treatment Pt4 surfactants period control region

The exploration of carbon steel corrosion inhibition in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 using extracts from Hymenaea courbaril (HC) has resulted in significant findings. Extracts from the bark, leaves, fruit pulp, and fruit shell have all proven to be effective corrosion inhibitors, as demonstrated through surface studies and electrochemical methods. Infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography have identified the presence of phenolic compounds, which are known to have corrosion-inhibiting potential. UV-Vis spectroscopy has further revealed the adsorption of extract species on the steel surface. Electrochemical studies have confirmed the inhibition of corrosion, allowing to propose mechanisms of both chemisorption and physisorption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) have provided evidence of the formation of an inhibitory layer, further supporting the inhibition of corrosion. Langmuir isotherms have indicated favorable adsorption of the extracts, while reduced surface roughness suggests improved protection of the steel surface. Activation energy calculations have demonstrated an increase in energy barriers, resulting in slower corrosion rates. These findings suggest that extracts from Hymenaea courbaril show promise as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, with potential industrial applications. Further research is needed to optimize the extraction process and fully understand the inhibition mechanisms. 05 0 5 0. L1 L 1 L- HSO H SO H2SO HC (HC bark leaves pulp inhibitors methods highperformance high performance compounds corrosioninhibiting inhibiting UVVis UV Vis physisorption Xray X ray XPS (XPS energydispersive dispersive SEMEDS SEM EDS (SEM-EDS layer barriers rates ecofriendly eco friendly applications

Chitosan (CS) blends with collagen (CL) and Aloe vera (AV) have gained significant attention in the biomedical field due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and potential for wound healing applications. In this study, we investigated the preparation and characterization of CS/CL and CS/AV blends using selective precipitation and co-precipitation techniques. The synthesis processes were analyzed for yield and 4-hydroxyproline content (in CS/CL blends). The materials were characterized using bromatological analyses, viscosity measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These eco-friendly methods effectively promoted interactions between the biopolymers, resulting in homogeneous blends with tunable properties. Besides, they are simple, fast, safe, and require minimal infrastructure. This study demonstrated that selective precipitation and co-precipitation are effective methods for producing chitosan/collagen and chitosan/Aloe vera blends. These methods foster interactions and miscibility between the biopolymers, as confirmed by FTIR, XRD, viscosity, and 4-Hy content analyses. They also align with green chemistry principles by avoiding organic solvents, reducing environmental risks, and minimizing waste. The high yields achieved, especially for CS/AV blends (exceeding 96%), make these materials compatible with lyophilization procedures. The absence of segregated phases after appropriate washing underscores their suitability for pharmaceutical formulations and other applications. CS (CS CL (CL AV (AV biocompatibility biodegradability applications CSCL CSAV coprecipitation co techniques 4hydroxyproline hydroxyproline 4 . blends) analyses measurements Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR , (FTIR) Xray X ray XRD (XRD) SEM. SEM (SEM) ecofriendly eco friendly biopolymers properties Besides simple fast safe infrastructure chitosancollagen chitosan chitosanAloe 4Hy Hy solvents risks waste achieved exceeding 96%, 96 96% 96%) procedures (FTIR (XRD (SEM 9

We created a fast and effective thin-layer chromatography method to detect homoisoflavones in Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (POD), demonstrating high sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Utilizing this method, we assessed the quality of 20 commercial batches of POD. Our results indicated that homoisoflavones (III, IV, and V) were present in 8 samples, absent in 7, and detected in 5. This method facilitates the effective evaluation of POD germplasm resources, laying a strong foundation for enhancing quality standards. This advancement aids in the standardization and quality control of POD, ensuring the consistency of its active ingredients and thereby supporting its therapeutic applications. thinlayer thin layer Mill. Mill (Mill. , (POD) sensitivity specificity stability 2 III, III (III IV V samples 7 5 resources standards applications (Mill (POD

This study expands and shows the versatility of applications in hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) using a FRULIC-N column to determine 31 phenolic compounds in beverage industry residues (coffee, apple juice, beer, and wine). Optimization, via Doehlert design, determined the acetonitrile proportion (50-90%) and pH (3.0-7.0) in the mobile phase (MP). A 22 factorial design assessed the concentration of ammonium acetate (10-110 mmol L-1) in the MP and column temperature (20-60 °C). Injection volume (5-45 µL) was univariately optimized. Separations at 60 °C reduced chromatographic run time to less than 11 min. Gradient elution (500 µL min-1) employed an MP comprising acetonitrile and ammonium acetate (110 mmol L-1, pH 7). Validation demonstrated average coefficient of determination (R2) 0.9707, limit of detection 0.001-0.503 mg L-1 and quantification 0.004-1.524 mg L-1, precision < 12.2%, recovery 92.4-110.8%. The method was applied to five residues, indicating its viability for determining phenolics in beverage production residues. HILICMS/MS HILICMSMS HILIC MS/MS MS (HILIC-MS/MS FRULICN FRULIC N 3 coffee, coffee (coffee juice beer wine. wine . wine) Optimization 5090% 5090 50 90% 90 (50-90% 3.07.0 3070 3.0 7.0 0 7 (3.0-7.0 MP. (MP) 2 10110 10 110 (10-11 L1 L 1 2060 20 (20-6 °C. C °C) 545 5 45 (5-4 optimized 6 min 500 (50 min1 min-1 (11 L1, 1, 7. 7) R2 R (R2 09707 9707 0.9707 0.0010.503 00010503 0.001 0.503 001 503 0.001-0.50 L- 0.0041.524 00041524 0.004 1.524 004 524 0.004-1.52 122 12 12.2% 92.4110.8%. 9241108 92.4 110.8%. 92 4 8 92.4-110.8% HILICMS MSMS 509 9 (50-90 07 3.07. 307 30 3. 70 (3.0-7. (MP 1011 (10-1 206 (20- 54 (5- (5 min- (1 (R 0970 970 0.970 0010 0.0010.50 0001050 0001 0.00 0503 0.50 00 0.001-0.5 0041 0.0041.52 0004152 0004 1524 1.52 52 0.004-1.5 12.2 4110 92.4110.8% 924110 924 92. 1108 110.8% 92.4-110.8 (50-9 3.07 (3.0-7 101 (10- (20 ( 097 97 0.97 0.0010.5 000105 000 0.0 050 0.5 0.001-0. 0.0041.5 000415 152 1.5 0.004-1. 12. 411 92.4110.8 92411 110.8 92.4-110. (50- (3.0- (10 (2 09 0.9 0.0010. 00010 0. 05 0.001-0 0.0041. 00041 15 1. 0.004-1 41 92.4110. 9241 110. 92.4-110 (3.0 0.0010 0.001- 0.0041 0.004- 92.4110 92.4-11 (3. 92.411 92.4-1 (3 92.41 92.4-

Novel nanocomposites synthesized with pollen grain, as a precursor, were tested for CO2 adsorption performance. The pollen-derived carbons were obtained by direct calcination (PC), calcination followed by KOH-chemical activation (PCKOH), and MgO incorporation using high-energy ball-milling (PC-MgO and PCKOH-MgO). All the as-prepared materials were texturally, morphologically and structurally characterized by N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); CO2 adsorption/desorption was measured by thermogravimetry. The four materials were able to adsorb CO2 at 30 ºC and 1 bar, but PCKOH-MgO, with the high surface area (12.4 m2 g-1), total pore volume of (0.13 cm3 g-1) and microporosity, was the best (2.06 mmol g-1 and percentage of adsorption (Qad) = 9.06%, at 1 bar). This result is due to the synergic effect of both synthesis methods. Neither temperature (from 30 to 100 ºC), nor pressure (from 1 to 15 bar), improved the adsorption process of PCKOH-MgO. CO2 desorption times at 300 ºC were 47 min for PCKOH-MgO and 30 min for the other adsorbents, showing the possibility of cycling. Based on the obtained results, the PCKOH-MgO activated carbon nanocomposite stands as a promising adsorbent to be potentially used for industrial CO2 capture applications and to contribute to long-term solutions to avoid dangerous climate-change and reduce CO2 emissions. grain precursor CO performance pollenderived derived PC, PC , (PC) KOHchemical KOH chemical PCKOH, PCKOH (PCKOH) highenergy energy ballmilling ball milling PCMgO PCKOHMgO. PCKOHMgO . PCKOH-MgO) asprepared prepared texturally N physisorption SEMEDS SEM EDS (SEM-EDS Xray X ray XRD (XRD) adsorptiondesorption thermogravimetry 3 bar PCKOHMgO, MgO, 12.4 124 12 4 (12. m g1, g1 g 0.13 013 0 13 (0.1 cm microporosity 2.06 206 2 06 (2.0 g- Qad (Qad 906 9 9.06% bar. bar) methods from 10 ºC, ºC) MgO. adsorbents cycling results longterm long term climatechange climate change emissions (PC (PCKOH (XRD 12. (12 0.1 01 (0. 2.0 20 (2. 90 9.06 (1 0. (0 2. (2 9.0 ( 9.

In this study, it was investigated chitosan (CHIT) films in the presence or absence of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP), whose chemical interactions involving metallic surfaces were characterized by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Changes in the morphology were analyzed through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM and AFM micrographs revealed that the incorporation of CNF significantly altered CHIT films, leading to changes in the polymer topography and surface texture due to intimal interactions between CNF and the CHIT matrix. Raman spectra of CHIT and CNF/CHIT films showed similar profiles, reflecting comparable molecular structures of both modified biopolymers. However, SERS spectra of both films, after recovering with AgNP, demonstrated distinct spectral profiles. Innovatively, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of an oligomer model for CHIT were employed to assign the vibrational modes observed in the SERS spectra, which allowed identify key interactions between CHIT moieties and AgNP surfaces. SERS results revealed that chemical adsorption of CHIT on AgNP surfaces occurs through interactions of glycosidic oxygen and amino groups. Such findings provide insights into the structural and chemical behavior of this nanocomposite, highlighting its potential for advanced biological applications. study (CHIT (CNF , (AgNP) surfaceenhanced enhanced (SERS spectroscopy (AFM SEM. . (SEM) matrix CNFCHIT profiles biopolymers However Innovatively DFT (DFT groups nanocomposite applications (AgNP (SEM

Over the last two decades, metabolomics has emerged as a pivotal tool in multidisciplinary research, providing invaluable insights into metabolome modulations and finding applications across various scientific domains, including medicine and agronomy. Nonetheless, the absence of standardized procedures in sample preparation, data acquisition, and documentation of data quality presents a significant challenge. This review underscores the critical importance of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) in untargeted metabolomics, advocating for the establishment of agreed-upon QA/QC reporting standards within the scientific community. We discuss the requisite quality controls at various stages of untargeted metabolomics studies, encompassing blank samples, pooled samples, and the utilization of external quality control samples. Methods for assessing accuracy, reproducibility, and identifying/correcting batch effects are addressed. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on standardizing the description of QA/QC data in scientific publications and repositories to foster reproducibility and transparency. We recommend the publication of QC data alongside studies in appropriate databases to facilitate data comparison and sharing among researchers, thereby enhancing the quality of untargeted metabolomics research. In summary, implementing standardized QA/QC data reporting, along with promoting best practices within the untargeted metabolomics community, is crucial for improving result quality and credibility and advancing research utilizing this powerful technique. decades domains agronomy Nonetheless preparation acquisition challenge QAQC QA (QA/QC agreedupon agreed upon community samples accuracy identifyingcorrecting identifying correcting addressed Furthermore transparency researchers summary technique

The history of the discovery, use, and development of dyes is closely linked to the history of humanity itself. Among the first records of human civilization are cave paintings made from, e.g., fruits, plants, minerals, and insects. Over the centuries, using different techniques, colors have been given to all types of materials and products, from clothing to food. The chemicals responsible for colors are dyes - a vast collection of molecules of the most varied compositions, but which have in common the absorption of light within the visible window of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article aims not only to review the properties of some classes of natural dyes, their origins, and their applications but also to describe the various computational chemistry methods involved in designing new bio-inspired molecules. discovery use itself eg e g e.g. fruits plants minerals insects centuries techniques products food compositions spectrum origins bioinspired bio inspired e.g

RESUMO O balanço hídrico é uma ferramenta com diversas aplicações na agricultura, incluindo a avaliação da adequação de um ambiente para o cultivo de uma determinada cultura, através da compreensão de como os recursos hídricos operam no sistema. Esta informação é vital para determinar se a água disponível satisfaz a necessidade da cultura. Assim, objetivou-se calcular o balanço hídrico em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo para o cultivo de Coffea canephora no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, utilizando uma série histórica de 36 anos para avaliar o potencial e as restrições da cultura de acordo com a água disponível. Os resultados mostraram que, de forma geral, o cultivo de Coffea canephora é adequado para a região de estudo. Os períodos de déficit hídrico e de excesso de água são bem definidos, ocorrendo de abril a agosto e de setembro a março, respectivamente. Verificou-se que apenas a fase de floração do cafeeiro coincide com o período de déficit hídrico na região, exigindo assim irrigação para evitar comprometer essa etapa do desenvolvimento do fruto. Em relação ao Indice de Satisfação da Necessidade de Água (ISNA), observou-se que, quando calculado em uma escala mensal, indica baixo risco climático para o cultivo de Coffea canephora na região. No entanto, quando calculado em uma escala diária, o ISNA indica risco climático médio a alto para o cultivo durante vários períodos. O ISNA mostrou ser uma ferramenta adequada para a tomada de decisão quanto à adoção de técnicas de irrigação. agricultura sistema Assim objetivouse objetivou VermelhoAmarelo Vermelho Amarelo Sul Acre 3 geral estudo definidos março respectivamente Verificouse Verificou fruto ISNA, , (ISNA) observouse observou mensal entanto diária (ISNA

ABSTRACT Water balance is a tool that has various applications in agriculture, including assessing whether an environment is suitable for growing a specific crop by providing information on how water resources function in the system. This information is essential for determining whether the available water satisfies the crop’s demand. Thus, the objective of this work was to calculate the water balance of Typic Hapludults for growing coffee (Coffea canephora) crops in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil, using a 36-year historical series to assess the potential and limitation of the crop according to the water availability. The results showed that coffee crops are, in general, suitable for growing in the study region. Water deficit and water surplus periods are well-defined, from April to August and September to March, respectively. Flowering was the only stage of coffee crops that coincides with the water deficit period in the region; thus, irrigation is necessary to prevent compromising this stage and fruit development. The Water Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI), calculated on a monthly basis, indicates a low climate risk for coffee crops in the region. However, when calculated on a daily basis, the WRSI shows a medium to high climate risk for coffee crops in several periods. The WRSI proved to be an adequate tool for assisting in decision-making regarding the adoption of irrigation. agriculture system s demand Thus Coffea canephora Sul Acre Brazil 36year year 36 availability general region welldefined, welldefined well defined, defined well-defined March respectively thus development WRSI, , (WRSI) basis However decisionmaking decision making 3 (WRSI

RESUMO A introdução da soja tolerante a 2,4-D (ENLIST®) oferece um novo potencial para a aplicação de herbicidas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo: (a) avaliar o efeito das combinações de herbicidas pós-emergentes no controle de Conyza spp., e (b) a seletividade da associação de herbicidas pós-emergentes em soja, garantindo uma aplicação eficaz sem comprometer a saúde da cultura. Um experimento de campo com soja tolerante ao 2,4-D utilizou um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 14 tratamentos em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos incluíram várias combinações de 2,4-D com glifosato, chlorimuron, cloransulam, imazethapyr, bentazona e imazamox. Estes foram aplicados como um único tratamento ou sequencialmente 15 dias após o tratamento (DAT) usando glufosinato de amônio, juntamente com dois controles sem aplicação de herbicida. Os resultados mostraram menos de 15% de fitotoxicidade em todos os tratamentos. Aos 21 DAT, apenas os tratamentos aplicados sequencialmente mostraram controle significativo, com eficácia superior a 80% contra Conyza spp. Em contraste, as aplicações únicas das combinações de herbicidas com 2,4-D foram ineficazes para o controle pós-emergência de Conyza spp. 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 ENLIST® ENLIST (ENLIST® forma objetivo (a pósemergentes pós emergentes spp b (b cultura casualizados 1 repetições glifosato chlorimuron cloransulam imazethapyr imazamox DAT (DAT amônio herbicida significativo 80 contraste pósemergência emergência 4D 24 2, (ENLIST 8

ABSTRACT The introduction of 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans (ENLIST®) offers a new potential for herbicide application. Therefore, the present study aimed to (a) evaluate the effect of combinations of post-emergent herbicides on the control of Conyza spp. and (b) assess the selectivity of the post-emergent herbicide association in soybeans, ensuring effective application without compromising the health of the crop. A field experiment with 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans utilized a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments across four replications. Treatments included various combinations of 2,4-D with glyphosate, chlorimuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr, bentazon, and imazamox. These were applied either as a single treatment or sequentially 15 days after treatment (DAT) using glufosinate-ammonium alongside two controls without herbicide application. The results showed less than 15% control across all treatments. At 21 DAT, only the treatments applied sequentially showed significant control, with effectiveness exceeding 80% against Conyza spp. In contrast, the single applications of the herbicide combinations with 2,4-D were ineffective for post-emergence control of Conyza spp. 2,4Dtolerant 24Dtolerant Dtolerant 2,4 D tolerant 2 4 ENLIST® ENLIST (ENLIST® Therefore (a postemergent post emergent spp b (b crop 1 replications 2,4D 24D glyphosate chlorimuronethyl, chlorimuronethyl chlorimuron ethyl, ethyl chlorimuron-ethyl cloransulammethyl, cloransulammethyl cloransulam methyl, methyl cloransulam-methyl imazethapyr bentazon imazamox DAT (DAT glufosinateammonium glufosinate ammonium 80 contrast postemergence emergence 4Dtolerant 24 2, (ENLIST 4D 8