Abstract The use of fungi and bacteria with pathogenic capacity towards insects is considered a sustainable agroecological alternative for efficient pest control, as they are microorganisms of easy production in industrial scale, formulation and use. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate four entomopathogenic formulations in the control of Brevicoryne brassicae L., a key pest of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), in a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments, plus an absolute control and 4 replicates. The variables evaluated were the number of dead and live aphids per plant and the number of infested plants. The commercial formulations Biosafe, BesT-K, Metarrizo and Yurak containing strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk), Metarhizium anisopliae and Bauveria bassiana respectively, are the ones that were used by spray application to the crop in two seasons: planting, season August-December 2019 and August-December 2021. Among the results, M. anisopliae was recorded with up to 91.11 % efficiency, followed by B. bassiana with 89.50 % and Bs with 79.38 % in the reduction of populations under field conditions. In the laboratory, Btk and M. anisopliae reached 100 % mortality in a period of seven days, so it is concluded that in the medium term, entomopathogenic fungi in the field are more efficient in aphid control; however, in controlled conditions Btk is also efficient.

Resumen El uso de hongos y bacterias con capacidad patogénica hacia los insectos se considera una alternativa agroecológica sostenible de lucha eficiente contra las plagas por ser microorganismos de fácil producción en escala industrial, formulación y uso; entonces, el objetivo ha sido evaluar cuatro formulados entomopatógenos en el control de Brevicoryne brassicae L, plaga clave de la col (Brassica oleracea L.), en diseño de bloques completos al azar de 4 tratamientos, sumado un testigo absoluto y 4 réplicas, siendo las variables evaluadas la cantidad de pulgones muertos y vivos por planta y cantidad de plantas infestadas. Los formulados comerciales Biosafe, BesT-K, Metarrizo y Yurak que contenían cepas de Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk), Metarhizium anisopliae y Bauveria bassiana, respectivamente, son los que fueron utilizados mediante la aplicación por aspersión al cultivo en dos épocas de siembra, temporada agosto-diciembre 2019 y agosto-diciembre 2021. Entre los resultados se registró al M. anisopliae con hasta 91,11 % de eficiencia, seguida por B. bassiana con 89,50 % y Bs con 79,38 % en la reducción de las poblaciones en condiciones de campo; en laboratorio el Btk y M. anisopliae alcanzaron el 100 % de mortalidad en un lapso de siete días, por lo que se concluye que a mediano plazo los hongos entomopatógenos en campo resultan ser más eficientes en el control del pulgón, sin embargo, en condiciones controladas el Btk también es eficiente.

Abstract Was evaluated the development time, life tables and predation capacity of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) on the corn aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), vector of the barley dwarf virus (BYDV). The life time of C. sexmaculata egg was 3.8±0.28 days, while the larva and pupa life time were 9.2±0.38 and 5.02±0.38 days respectively. The specific mortality rate (q ) remained low in the four larval instars and pupa, but during the egg stage its q increased. The instar IV (77.6±2.96 consumed aphids) followed by the instar III (31.1±2.22 consumed aphids) are exerting greater predation. The nymphs of R. padi are the more consumed compared to the adults. The results obtained establish for the first time the development time of C. sexmaculata fed with R. padi was 18,02±0,55 days under controlled conditions.

Resumen Se evaluó el tiempo de desarrollo, tablas de vida y capacidad de consumo de Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) sobre el áfido del maíz Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), vector del virus del enanismo de la cebada (BYDV). El tiempo de vida del huevo de C. sexmaculata fue de 3,8±0,28 días, mientras que el tiempo de vida de la larva y pupa fue de 9,2±0,38 y 5,02±0,38 días respectivamente. La tasa de mortalidad específica (q ) permaneció baja en los cuatro instares larvales y pupa, pero durante el estado de huevo la q se incrementó. El instar IV (77,6±2,96 áfidos consumidos) seguido por el instar III (31,1±2,22 áfidos consumidos) ejercieron una mayor depredación. Las ninfas de R. padi son más consumidas en comparación con los adultos. Los resultados obtenidos establecen que por vez primera el tiempo de desarrollo de C. sexmaculata alimentado con R. padi fue de 18,02±0,55 días bajo condiciones controladas.

ABSTRACT Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), also known as the cotton aphid, is a notable pest of several crops. Its damage can be direct and indirect. The direct damage is due to its feeding, which causes leaf shriveling, deformation of shoots, and loss of plant vigor. The pest’s indirect damage is through virus transmission to cotton. In Brazil, A. gossypii is considered as a pest to several crops, but there are no references to infestations of this aphid in soybeans. The objectives of this manuscript were to report the presence of A. gossypii infesting and colonizing soybean crops in São Paulo state, Brazil, and to alert the scientific community and farmers about this possible new pest in Brazilian soybean fields. Hemiptera (Hemiptera Aphididae, Aphididae , Aphididae) feeding shriveling shoots vigor pests s Brazil A soybeans state fields

Resumo O pulgão preto Aphis craccivora Koch é uma das principais pragas da cultura do feijão-caupi Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Em virtude da necessidade de encontrar métodos eficazes e seguros de controle, tem-se aumentado as pesquisas buscando alternativas naturais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial dos óleos essenciais de jatobá Hymenaea courbaril, copaíba Copaifera langsdorffii e aroeira Schinus terebinthifolius para controlar ninfas e adultos de A. craccivora. Os óleos foram extraídos das folhas pelo método de hidrodestilação, diluídos a 0,1% em água destilada com Dimetilsufóxido a 2% (DMSO). Cada tratamento possuiu quatro repetições, além da testemunha com água destilada + DMSO 2%. Os biotestes foram conduzidos em duas etapas: a primeira foi realizada em laboratório, sob condições controladas de temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e fotofase e a segunda foi realizada em casa de vegetação, utilizando apenas o tratamento com melhor resultado do teste em laboratório. Depois de transcorridos 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas de exposição, foram verificadas as mortalidades dos insetos. Na primeira fase do experimento, o óleo de aroeira apresentou 83,33% e 75,75% de eficiência de mortalidade em ninfas e adultos, respectivamente. Nos testes em casa de vegetação, esse mesmo óleo apresentou 73,52% em ninfas e 62,85% e em adultos, abrindo novas perspectivas quanto à sua utilização como inseticida natural para o controle do pulgão preto do feijoeiro. feijãocaupi feijão caupi L. L (L. Walp temse tem se naturais forma courbaril A hidrodestilação 01 0 1 0,1 2 DMSO. . (DMSO) repetições etapas laboratório temperatura vegetação 24 48 72 9 12 exposição insetos experimento 8333 83 33 83,33 7575 75 75,75 respectivamente 7352 73 52 73,52 6285 62 85 62,85 feijoeiro (L 0, (DMSO 4 7 833 8 3 83,3 757 75,7 735 5 73,5 628 6 62,8 83, 75, 73, 62,

Abstract The black aphid Aphis craccivora Koch is one of the main pests of the caupi-bean crop Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Due to the need to find effective and safe methods of control, there has been an increase in research seeking natural alternatives. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of essential oils from jatoba Hymenaea courbaril, copaiba Copaifera langsdorffii and aroeira Schinus terebinthifolius to control nymphs and adults of A. craccivora. The oils were extracted from the leaves by the hydrodistillation method, diluted to 0.1% in distilled water with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Each treatment had four repetitions, plus a control with distilled water + 2% DMSO. The biotests were conducted in two stages: the first was conducted in the laboratory, under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity and photophase, and the second was conducted in the greenhouse, using only the treatment with the best laboratory test results. After 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of exposure, the insect mortalities were checked. In the first phase of the experiment, the aroeira oil showed 83.33% and 75.75% efficiency of mortality in nymphs and adults, respectively. In the greenhouse tests, this same oil showed 73.52% in nymphs and 62.85% in adults, opening new perspectives regarding its use as a natural insecticide for the control of the black aphid of the bean. caupibean caupi bean L. L (L. Walp alternatives Thus courbaril A method 01 0 1 0.1 2 DMSO . (DMSO) repetitions stages temperature photophase results 24 48 72 9 12 exposure checked experiment 8333 83 33 83.33 7575 75 75.75 respectively tests 7352 73 52 73.52 6285 62 85 62.85 (L 0. (DMSO 4 7 833 8 3 83.3 757 75.7 735 5 73.5 628 6 62.8 83. 75. 73. 62.

Resumo No processo de produção de mudas de eucalipto ocorre um complexo de artrópodes, podendo destacar os insetos sugadores, como pulgões. Objetivou-se estudar pulgões em mudas e minicepas em minijardim clonal de eucalipto no Brasil, através de sua identificação, estudos de crescimento populacional e preferência hospedeira desses insetos em diferentes espécies de eucalipto. Neste estudo registra-se, pela primeira vez em Eucalyptus spp. no Brasil, as espécies Aphis gossypii Glover, 1887 e Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914 (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Colônias de pulgões foram observadas em abril e março de 2018 infestando mudas de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell e Eucalyptus brassiana S.T. Blake na casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), em Teresina, Piauí; e em minijardim clonal de Eucalyptus spp. do viveiro de produção de mudas PlantBem, em Monsenhor Gil, Piauí. O crescimento populacional de Aphis spiraecola foi avaliado através da utilização da taxa instantânea de crescimento (ri) em seis espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden, Eucalyptus brassiana, Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake, Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith e Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson), assim como foi testada a preferência hospedeira do pulgão por essas espécies através de teste com chance de escolha. Apenas em Corymbia citriodora não houve crescimento populacional de A. spiraecola. Aphis spiraecola demonstrou menor preferência hospedeira por Corymbia citriodora, enquanto as espécies Eucalyptus pellita e Eucalyptus urophylla foram as preferidas. Este é o primeiro registro de Aphis gossypii em minijardim clonal de eucalipto e de Aphis spiraecola em mudas de Eucalyptus spp. no Brasil. artrópodes sugadores Objetivouse Objetivou se Brasil identificação registrase, registrase registra se, registra-se spp Glover 188 Patch 191 Hemiptera (Hemiptera Aphididae. Aphididae . Aphididae) 201 F ST S T S.T UFPI, UFPI , (UFPI) Teresina PlantBem Gil ri (ri WHill W Maiden Hook. Hook (Hook. KD K D K.D LAS L A L.A.S Johnson, Johnson Johnson) escolha preferidas 18 19 20 (UFPI (Hook 1 2

Abstract The process of producing eucalyptus seedlings hosts a complex of arthropods, which can highlight sucking insects, such as aphids. The aim was to study aphids on seedlings and mini-stumps in a clonal mini-garden of eucalyptus in Brazil, through their identification, studies of population growth and host preference of these insects in different species of eucalyptus. In this study, it is registered, for the first time in Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil, the species Aphis gossypii Glover 1887 and Aphis spiraecola Patch 1914 (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Aphid colonies were observed in April and March 2018 infesting Eucalyptus pellita and Eucalyptus brassiana seedlings in the greenhouse of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), in Teresina, Piauí; and in a clonal mini-garden of Eucalyptus spp. from the PlantBem seedling production nursery in Monsenhor Gil, Piauí. The population growth of Aphis spiraecola was evaluated using the instantaneous growth rate (ri) in six species of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus brassiana, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus tereticornis e Corymbia citriodora), as well as the aphid host preference for these species was tested through a choice test. Only in Corymbia citriodora there was no population growth of Aphis spiraecola. Aphis spiraecola showed less host preference for Corymbia citriodora, while Eucalyptus pellita and Eucalyptus urophylla were the preferred species. This is the first record of Aphis gossypii in a clonal mini-garden of eucalyptus and of Aphis spiraecola in seedlings of Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil. arthropods ministumps mini stumps minigarden garden Brazil identification registered spp 188 191 Hemiptera (Hemiptera Aphididae. Aphididae . Aphididae) 201 UFPI, UFPI , (UFPI) Teresina Gil ri (ri grandis citriodora) test 18 19 20 (UFPI 1 2

ABSTRACT The international movement of fresh fruits and vegetables that is carried out with the purpose of supplying the nutritional needs of the population is one of the main causes of exotic species introduction in different countries. Insects are one of the groups of organisms that are most frequently intercepted in port terminals in all types of merchandise' particularly in imported fresh vegetables. One of the groups of relevant economic importance present in imported fresh vegetables are aphids. Taking this into consideration, the objectives of this research were: to identify the species of the Aphididae family that arrive in fresh vegetables at two ports in the Panamanian Caribbean coast, to determine if there are identified species of quarantine importance, and to determine in which vegetables the greatest abundance of aphids are intercepted. Following the FAO ISPM 31 methodology, 728 containers were sampled at the Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT) and Panama Port Company (PPC) ports between 2006 and 2012. Eleven aphid taxa were identified: Myzus persicae, Aulacorthum solani, Aphis helianthi, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Rhopalosiphum padi, Metopolophium sp., Brevicoryne brassicae Dysaphis sp., Acyrthosiphon lactucae, Lipaphis erysimi and Hyalopterus sp. None of the species identified are of quarantine interest; among them Myzus persicae was the most frequent species; and Roman lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) was the fresh vegetable which presented the greatest diversity and abundance of aphids.

RESUMEN El movimiento internacional de frutas y vegetales frescos que se realiza con el propósito de abastecer las necesidades alimentarias de la población es una de las principales causas de introducción de especies exóticas. Uno de los grupos de organismos que se interceptan con más frecuencia en las terminales portuarias en todo tipo de mercancía y particularmente en los vegetales frescos importados son los insectos y entre ellos la presencia de pulgones cobra una importancia económica relevante. Por lo que los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: identificar las especies de la familia Aphididae que llegan en los vegetales frescos a dos puertos en la costa caribe panameña, determinar si algunas de las especies identificadas son de importancia cuarentenaria y determinar en qué vegetales se interceptan la mayor abundancia de áfidos. Siguiendo la metodología NIMF 31 de la FAO, se muestrearon 728 contenedores en los puertos Manzanillo International Terminal (M.I.T.) y Panamá Port Company (P.P.C.) entre los años 2006 y 2012. Once taxones de áfidos fueron identificados: Myzuspersicae, Aulacorthum solani, Aphis helianthi, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Rhopalosiphumpadi, Metopolophium sp., Brevicoryne brassicae Dysaphis sp., Acyrthosiphon lactucae, Lipaphis erysimi y Hyalopterus sp.Ninguna de ellas es especie de interés cuarentenario y de ellas Myzus persicae fue la especie más frecuente y la lechuga Romana (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia) el vegetal fresco que presenta mayor diversidad y abundancia de áfidos.

Abstract Aphids and ants are relatively well faunistically studied in Serbia. However, there is a need to present the mutualistic associations between these two groups of insects, since there is not sufficient information on this topic for the territory under investigation. In total, 220 samples of plant-aphid-ant associations were included in this study. In 59 localities from all parts of Serbia, 32 ant taxa were registered and connected with 74 identified aphid taxa. The most frequently collected ant species found attending various aphid species were Lasius niger (L.), L. alienus (Foerster) andPrenolepis nitens (Mayr). The most common aphid species was Aphis fabae Scopoli collected on 27 plant species. The trophic associations are presented as a list of ant taxa followed with aphids and their host plants.

Resumen Los pulgones y las hormigas están relativamente bien estudiados faunísticamente en Serbia. Sin embargo, es necesario presentar las asociaciones mutualistas entre estos dos grupos de insectos, ya que no existe suficiente información sobre este tema para el territorio investigado. En total, se incluyeron en este estudio 220 muestras de asociaciones planta-áfido-hormiga. En 59 localidades de todas las partes de Serbia, se registraron 32 taxones de hormigas y se relacionaron con 74 taxones de áfidos identificados. Las especies de hormigas recogidas con mayor frecuencia que asistían a varias especies de áfidos fueron Lasius niger (L.), L. alienus (Foerster) y Prenolepis nitens (Mayr). La especie de pulgón más común fue Aphis fabae Scopoli, recogida en 27 especies de plantas. Las asociaciones tróficas se presentan como una lista de taxones de hormigas seguida de los áfidos y sus plantas hospedadoras.

ABSTRACT The predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a polyphagous species that has, among its wide range of acceptable prey, the aphid Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an important pest of rose plants. We assessed the consumption of nymphs and adults of M. rosae by C. externa larvae, the predatory efficiency, and larval survival under different predator:prey ratios, densities of aphids, and ages of aphids. The bioassays were performed at 25 ± 1°C and 70 ± 10% RH under a 12-hour photoperiod, with aphids taken from roses of the cultivar Avalanche. Consumption was assessed by making young aphids (2nd and 3rd instars) and more developed aphids (4th instar and adult) available throughout the larval stage of the predator. The predatory efficiency and survival were studied for second-instar larvae offered M. rosae nymphs at densities of 20, 40, 80, 120, and 160 using predator:prey ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20. The assessments were performed 24, 48, and 72 hours after putting the species together. All of the C. externa instars consumed younger than older aphids. Larvae in the third instar consumed 80% of the young aphids and 77% of the older aphids. The higher the predator:prey ratio and larval density, the higher the predatory efficiency and the lower the larval survival. The ratios 1:5 and 1:10 led to the elimination of younger and older aphid populations 72 hours into the interaction between species. Hagen, Hagen (Hagen 1861 Neuroptera (Neuroptera Chrysopidae has prey Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1758 Hemiptera (Hemiptera Aphididae, Aphididae , Aphididae) plants M C predatorprey 2 1C 1 7 10 12hour hour 12 photoperiod Avalanche 2nd nd rd 4th th adult secondinstar second 20 40 80 120 16 15, 15 5, 5 110, 110 10, 120. 20. 1:20 24 48 together 77 density 1: 1:1 186 175 4 8 11 1:2 18 17

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a abundância de dolicopodideos em diferentes espécies de adubos verdes. Para isso, foram utilizados os seguintes tratamentos: crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis), feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata), girassol (Helianthus annuus), mamona (Ricinus communis) e trigo mourisco (Fagopyrum esculentum). A pesquisa foi realizada em campo, durante os anos 2012/2013 (novembro/dezembro a março) e 2013/2014 (outubro/novembro a fevereiro). As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente, e a abundância de Dolichopodidae foi monitorada com uso de rede de varredura e instalação de armadilhas Moericke. Adicionalmente, foi quantificada a infestação de insetos fitófagos (Thysanoptera: Thripidae; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae e Hemiptera: Aphididae), para avaliar possível relação de denso-dependência. No total, foram capturados 13987 dolicopodídeos (96,5% em armadilha Moericke), representados pela espécie Condylostylus erectus Becker, 1922 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). De modo geral, a maior abundância de C. erectus foi observada em trigo mourisco e feijão-caupi. Em relação aos fitófagos, foram quantificados 48371 indivíduos (Thripidae (77,5%), Aleyrodidae (20,2%) e Aphididae (2,5%)), e não foi evidenciada uma consistente correlação populacional com C. erectus. Desse modo, esses resultados sugerem que o trigo mourisco e o feijão-caupi disponibilizam recursos alimentares de interesse ao predador, conforme discutido no trabalho. Por fim, a semeadura de trigo mourisco e feijão-caupi são opções para incrementar a abundância do predador C. erectus no agroecossistema.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the Dolichopodidae abundance in different cover crop species. For this, the following species were used in treatments: Crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), castor bean (Ricinus communis) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). The survey was carried out in a field during two seasons 2012/2013 (November/December to March) and 2013/2014 (October/November to February). The Dolichopodidae abundance were evaluated weekly using a sweep net and Moericke traps. In addition, the phytophagous abundance (Thysanoptera: Thripidae; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae and Hemiptera: Aphididae) was quantified, to allow for an inference about density-dependence. In total, 13,987 long-legged flies (96.5% in Moericke traps) were captured, represented only by the species Condylostylus erectus Becker, 1922 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). In general, the higher abundance of C. erectus was observed in buckwheat and cowpea. Regarding the phytophagous species, 48,371 individuals [Thripidae (77.5%), Aleyrodidae (20.2%), and Aphididae (2.5%)] were quantified and a clear correlation with the C. erectus population was not evidenced. Thus, these results suggested that buckwheat and cowpea make resources available to long-legged flies, as discussed in our research. Finally, the buckwheat and cowpea sowing are options to increase the abundance of C. erectus predator populations in agroecosystems.

Resumo A mangabeira Hancornia speciosa é uma frutífera nativa do Cerrado utilizada para consumo in natura e fabricação de sorvetes, doces, geleias, entre outros. Essa espécie pode abrigar insetos e ácaros, associados a diferentes fases fenológicas da planta. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de insetos da ordem Hemiptera em Hancornia speciosa. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas na coleção de germoplasma ex situ de espécies nativas da Escola de Agronomia, UFG, Goiânia - GO, em quatro variedades de Hancornia speciosa (speciosa, cuyabensis, gardneri e pubescens). Para cada variedade foram selecionadas oito plantas aleatoriamente. De cada planta, foram coletados dois ramos/planta no terço médio. Os ramos foram acondicionados em sacos plásticos, etiquetados e transportados para o laboratório para avaliação. As coletas ocorreram em média a cada 15 dias, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2016. A superfamília Coccoidea e as famílias Aleyrodidae e Aphididae foram predominantes nas coletas. No estudo, foram observados 1.163 indivíduos de Parasaissetia nigra em Hancornia speciosa variedade cuyabensis. Este é o primeiro relato de ocorrência de Parasaissetia nigra em mangabeira. Quanto à interação entre insetos e a mangabeira, verifica-se que as variedades diferiram quanto à abundância de hemípteros. A família Aleyrodidae foi abundante na variedade gardneri, correspondendo a 49,84% dos indivíduos e a variedade pubescens em relação aos pulgões (Aphididae).

Abstract Hancornia speciosa is a fruit native to the Cerrado biome which is used for the fresh consumption and the manufacture of ice cream, sweets, and jams, among others. This species can harbor insects and mites, associated with different phenological phases of the plant. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of insects of the order Hemiptera in Hancornia speciosa. For this purpose, collections were made in the ex situ germplasm collection of native species of the School of Agronomy, UFG, Goiânia - Goiás state, in four varieties of Hancornia speciosa (speciosa, cuyabensis, gardneri and pubescens). Eight plants were selected for each variety at random. From each plant, two branches/plant were collected in the middle third. Those packed in plastic bags, were labeled and transported to the laboratory for evaluation. The collections occurred on average every 15 days, from January to December 2016. The superfamily Coccoidea and the families Aleyrodidae and Aphididae were predominant in the collections. In the study, 1,163 individuals of Parasaissetia nigra were observed in Hancornia speciosa variety cuyabensis. This is the first report of the occurrence of Parasaissetia nigra in Hancornia speciosa. As for the interaction between insects and Hancornia speciosa, it appears that the varieties differed in terms of the abundance of Hemiptera. The Aleyrodidae family was abundant in the gardneri variety, corresponding to 49.84% of the individuals and the pubescens variety in relation to aphids (Aphididae).

The Hemiptera of urban environments in Jujuy are little known and quite unexplored. The objective of this work was to analyze and characterize the Hemiptera diversity in trees of public roads in Jujuy, and to provide data about their bioecology. The study was conducted in three locations during a dry and a wet season; two environments were considered for each location: urban and suburban. In each site, three trees of Handroantus impetiginosus, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Citrus aurantium were sampled. The foliage was aspirated and 10 branches/tree were randomly extracted. We identified the hemipterans and compared the abundance, richness, diversity, composition and dominance of each suborder according to the tree species, localities, seasonality and degree of urbanization. We collected 4339 individuals belonging to the suborders Auchenorrhyncha (8 families, 30 morphospecies, 1044 individuals), Heteroptera (8 families, 20 morphospecies, 196 individuals) and Sternorrhyncha (9 families, 33 morphospecies, 3099 individuals). For the first time in Jujuy, Rhabdotalebra albinoi and Rhabdotalebra flava were recorded on E. contortisiliquum, and Rhabdotalebra flava and the genus Tingis on H. impetiginosus. San Salvador de Jujuy was the location with the highest richness (56 morphospecies, 28 exclusive), in contrast to El Carmen (39 morphospecies, 13 exclusive) and San Pedro (34 morphospecies, 11 exclusive). We recorded Heteroptera phytophages, predators and species with mixed diet. Considering locality and tree species, Sternorrhyncha was the suborder with highest richness and abundance, whereas seasonality did not affect it. The other two suborders were not affected by seasonality. Hemiptera species shared by the three tree species were Dikrella sp., Empoasca sp.2, Aleyrodidae sp.1 and Pseudococcidae sp.1. The dominant species in lapacho were Rabdotalebra flava, Rabdotalebra sp.2, Tingis sp.1 and Ceroplastes sp.1; in orange, Lephidosaphes beckii, Aphididae sp.1 and Aonidiella aurantii; in pacará, Psyllidae sp.2, Aphididae sp.1 and Empoasca sp.2.

Los Hemiptera de ambientes urbanos de Jujuy son poco conocidos y explorados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar y caracterizar la diversidad de Hemiptera asociada a tres especies del arbolado público de Jujuy, y aportar datos bioecológicos que contribuyan a su conocimiento. El estudio se realizó en tres ciudades durante una estación seca y una húmeda, y para cada localidad se consideraron dos ambientes: urbano y suburbano. En cada sitio se muestrearon tres árboles de Handroantus impetiginosus, Enterolobium contortisiliquum y Citrus aurantium. Se aspiró el follaje y se extrajeron al azar 10 ramas/árbol. Se identificaron los hemípteros y se comparó la abundancia, la riqueza, la diversidad, la composición y la dominancia de cada suborden en función de las especies arbóreas, las localidades, la estacionalidad y el grado de urbanización. Colectamos 4339 individuos pertenecientes a los subórdenes Auchenorrhyncha (8 familias, 30 morfoespecies, 1044 individuos), Heteroptera (8 familias, 20 morfoespecies, 196 individuos) y Sternorrhyncha (9 familias, 33 morfoespecies, 3099 individuos). Por primera vez para Jujuy se cita a Rhabdotalebra albinoi y a Rhabdotalebra flava sobre E. contortisiliquum, y a R. flava y al género Tingis sobre H. impetiginosus. La localidad con mayor riqueza fue San Salvador de Jujuy (56 morfoespecies, 28 exclusivas), en contraste con El Carmen (39 morfoespecies, 13 exclusivas) y San Pedro (34 morfoespecies, 11 exclusivas). Registramos heterópteros fitófagos, depredadores y de dieta mixta. Sternorrhyncha fue el suborden mejor representado en riqueza y abundancia teniendo en cuenta localidad y especie arbórea, mientras que la estacionalidad no lo afectó como a Auchenorrhyncha y Heteroptera. No encontramos diferencias en abundancia entre el sector urbano y el suburbano. Las especies de hemípteros compartidas por las tres especies de árboles fueron Dikrella sp., Empoasca sp.2, Aleyrodidae sp.1 y Pseudococcidae sp.1; los dominantes en lapacho fueron Rabdotalebra flava, Rabdotalebra sp.2, Tingis sp.1 y Ceroplastes sp.1; en naranjo, Lephidosaphes beckii, Aphididae sp.1 y Aonidiella aurantii; en pacará, Psyllidae sp.2, Aphididae sp.1 y Empoasca sp.2.

ABSTRACT The aphids Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are important Brassicaceae pests, occurring worldwide and causing significant damage to crops. Interspecific variations in the resistance to natural enemies can potentially impact the interaction among aphid populations. Here we evaluated the hypothesis of associational resistance by determining if the presence of resistant aphids (L. pseudobrassicae) reduces the rate of parasitism by Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) on non-resistant aphids (M. persicae). The experiment was conducted using collard green plants infested with M. persicae and L. pseudobrassicae either resistant or susceptible to D. rapae. The percentage of parasitism by D. rapae was greater on L. pseudobrassicae in the susceptible than in the resistant treatment, but parasitism rates on M. persicae did not differ between the treatments. There was no difference in average growth rate between M. persicae and susceptible L. pseudobrassicae populations, but resistant L. pseudobrassicae had greater growth rate than M. persicae. These results suggest that over a short period of time the presence of resistant L. pseudobrassicae does not affect the rate of parasitism by D. rapae on M. persicae.

Resumo Nasonovia ribisnigri é uma praga-chave do cultivo de alface (Lactuca sativa L.), exigindo métodos alternativos ao controle químico. Este trabalho registrou pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de Paecilomyces niveus como agente entomopatogenico do afídeo N. ribisnigri em Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil. Amostras de afídeos mumificados foram coletadas em plantas de alface. O fungo P. niveus (PaePR) foi isolado do corpo dos insetos e identificado por macro e micromorfologia e, confirmado por sequenciamento da região ITS do DNA ribossomal. A sequencia parcial de 528 bp (número de acesso HQ441751) apresentou alinhamento com 100% de identidade com sequencias de raças de Byssochlamys nivea. No bioensaio de patogenicidade P. niveus apresentou uma mortalidade média de N. ribisnigri de 74% até 120 horas da inoculação. O registro da presença de P. niveus como um patógeno natural de N. ribisnigri no Brasil sugere o potencial de utilização para minimizar o uso de inseticidas.

Abstract Nasonovia ribisnigri is a key pest of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Brazil that requires alternative control methods to synthetic pesticides. We report, for the first time, the occurrence of Paecilomyces niveus as an entomopathogen of the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri in Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Samples of mummified aphids were collected from lettuce crops. The fungus P. niveus (PaePR) was isolated from the insect bodies and identified by macro and micromorphology. The species was confirmed by sequencing Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA. We obtained a sequence of 528 bp (accession number HQ441751), which aligned with Byssochlamys nivea strains (100% identities). In a bioassay, 120 h after inoculation of N. ribisnigri with pathogenic P. niveus had an average mortality of 74%. The presence of P. niveus as a natural pathogen of N. ribisnigri in Brazil suggests that it may be possible to employ P. niveus to minimize the use of chemical insecticides.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de extrato oleoso de nim, Azadirachta indica, no afídeo Aphis gossipii e em seu inimigo natural Cycloneda sanguinea, na melancia. Ensaios de toxicidade foram conduzidos com o produto comercial (DalNeem(r)) (1.475 g L-1 de azadirachtina) 0,0037 µg i.a. mL-1, 0,0074 µg i.a. mL-1 and 0,0148 µg i.a. mL-1, Malathion 1 µg i.a. mL-1, e água destilada como tratamento controle. Os produtos foram aplicados em discos de folhas de melancia e os insetos foram expostos ao resíduo dos produtos. Foram calculados padrão de crescimento instantâneo da população de A. gossypii e sobrevivência das larvas de C. sanguinea expostos aos diferentes tratamentos. Houve uma diminuição no padrão de crescimento instantâneo da população de A. gossypii com aumento da concentração de nim. Afídeos não se reproduziram nos discos de folhas tratadas com malathion, devido ao rápido efeito letal em adultos, menor que 24 horas após a exposição. Larvas de C. sanguinea expostas ao malathion sobreviveram por 24 horas. Sobrevivência do predador exposto a diferentes concentrações de nim também foi significativamente reduzida quando comparada a exposição à água. Entretanto, experimentos de laboratório podem ter superestimado o efeito do nim em predadores porque eles não mostraram comportamento de escape causado pela repelência do nim.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of oil extract of neem, Azadirachta indica, on the watermelon aphid Aphis gossypii and its natural enemy Cycloneda sanguinea. Toxicity bioassays were conducted with the commercial product DalNeem (1,475 g L-1 azadirachtin) at 0.0037 µg a.i. mL-1, 0.0074 µg a.i. mL-1 and 0.0148 µg a.i. mL-1, Malathion at 1 µg a.i. mL-1 and distilled water as a control treatment. The products were sprayed to watermelon leaf discs, and the insects were exposed to the product residues. The instantaneous population growth rate of A. gossypii and the survival of C. sanguinea larvae exposed to the different treatments were calculated. A decrease in the instantaneous population growth rate of A. gossypii with increasing concentrations of neem was observed, and the aphids did not reproduce on the leaf discs treated with malathion during the first 24 hours of exposure due to its rapid lethal effect on adult insects. The larvae of the predator C. sanguinea exposed to malathion survived only for 24 hours. The survival of the predator exposed to different concentrations of neem was also significantly reduced compared to the predators exposed only to water. However, laboratory experiments may overestimate the effect of neem on predators because the individuals cannot employ escape behavior caused by neem repellency.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e quantificar os constituintes dos óleos essenciais de Illicum verum, Ageratum conyzoides,Piper hispidinervume Ocotea odorifera, bem como avaliar a toxicidade para o pulgão-verde Schizaphis graminum. A qualificação dos constituintes foi realizada por meio de um cromatógrafo gasoso + espectrômetro de massas, e a quantificação, por um cromatógrafo gasoso + detector de ionização de chama, ambos com uma coluna DB5. O método de hidrodestilação promoveu um rendimento (p/p) de 3,81% para I. verum, 0,46% para A. conyzoides, 2,85% para P. hispidinervume 0,68% para O. odorífera. Já os componentes majoritários foram: precoceno (87,0%) e (E)-cariofileno (7,1%) para A. conyzoides; (E)-anetol (90,4%), limoneno (2,6%) e metil-chavicol (1,3%) para I. verum; metil-eugenol (81,2%) e safrol (10,6%) para Ocotea odorífera; e safrol (82,5%) e α-terpinoleno (13,4%) para P. hispidinervum. Pelos testes de toxicidade aguda (24 horas) com folhas de sorgo ou papel-filtro contaminados, verificou-se que o óleo de A. conyzoides foi o mais tóxico para o pulgão, com CL50de 7,13 e 7,08 µL óleo/cm2 respectivamente, seguido por O. odorifera com CL50 de 11,80 e 103,00 µL óleo/cm2 respectivamente; I. verum de 51,80 µL óleo/cm2 em ambos os substratos; e o menos tóxico foi o óleo essencial de P. hispidinervum, com CL50 de 62,50 e 143,00 µL óleo/cm2, respectivamente. Dessa maneira, sugere-se que o uso dos óleos essenciais pode representar uma nova ferramenta em programas de manejo integrado de pragas.

The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition of essential oils of Illicum verum, Ageratum conyzoides,Piper hispidinervumand Ocotea odorífera, as well as their toxicity to the green-aphid Schizaphis graminum. Compound identification was carried out with gas chromatography + mass spectrometry, and quantification with gas chromatography + flame ionization detector, both with DB5 column. The hydrodistillation process promoted oil yield of 3.81% for I. verum; 0.46% for A. conyzoides; 2.85 % for P. hispidinervum;and 0.68 % for O. odorífera. The major components from the oils of A. conyzoides was precocene (87.0%) and (E)-caryophyllene (7.1%); (E)-anethol (90.4%), limonene (2.6%) and methyl-chavicol (1.3%) for I. verum; methyleugenol (81.2%) and safrole (10.6%) for O. odorifera; and safrole (82.5%) and α-terpinolene (13.4%) for P. hispidinervum. The acute toxicity test (24 hours) performed by contact in sorghum leaves or contaminated filter-paper showed that the higher toxicity occur with essential oils of A. conyzoides, with LC50of 7.01 and 7.01 µg oil/cm2, respectively; followed by O. odorifera, with LC50 of 17.10 and 66.70 µg oil/cm2, respectively; I. verum, with LC50of 66.40 and 65.40 µg oil/cm2, respectively; and low toxicity was observed for the P. hispidinervum essential oil, with LC50 of 64.00 and 143.00 oil/cm2, respectively. With the results obtained in this research, we can state that the use of these essential oils can be a new tool in integrated pest management.