Resumo Vários inventários da herpetofauna têm sido conduzidos na região Neotropical. No entanto, muitas áreas permanecem por investigar, e isto é particularmente verdade nas zonas de transição entre ecorregiões. Aqui descrevemos a riqueza, composição de espécies e abundância da herpetofauna de uma porção pouco conhecida do Cerrado brasileiro e avaliamos as semelhanças taxonômicas das assembleias entre os habitats amostrados e entre ecorregiões vizinhas. Um inventário herpetológico de médio prazo foi realizado entre maio de 2009 e janeiro de 2011 na Estação Ecológica Serra das Araras (SAES), por meio de armadilhas de interceptação e queda em cinco hábitats florestados e abertos. Nestes e em habitats adicionais, também foram utilizadas buscas visuais e acústicas e encontros ocasionais para acessar a composição da herpetofauna, juntamente com dados de literatura e exame de exemplares depositados em coleções. Também comparamos a composição de espécies do SAES em escala regional com aquelas de outras 29 localidades previamente estudadas em nove ecorregiões sul-americanas. Documentamos 123 espécies no SAES (39 anfíbios e 84 répteis), das quais 112 foram registradas durante os inventários de campo. A riqueza de espécies foi maior na mata ciliar e menor na floresta seca semidecídua e cerradão. Matas ciliares também apresentaram maior número de espécies exclusivas, enquanto apenas uma espécie exclusiva foi encontrada no cerradão. Cerrado sensu stricto e parque cerrado apresentaram 53 e 40 espécies, incluindo sete e dez espécies exclusivas, respectivamente, e mostraram maior similaridade entre si do que com os habitats florestados amostrados. Em comparação com outras localidades já inventariadas no Cerrado, a SAES abriga uma das mais diversas assembléias da herpetofauna. Isto pode ser atribuído a esforços de amostragem continuados e à acentuada heterogeneidade ambiental resultante do perfil topográfico e da confluência de diversas ecorregiões. A composição de espécies de anfíbios no SAES é mais semelhante a uma localidade próxima também estudada no Cerrado e a assembleias da Floresta Seca de Chiquitano, enquanto a composição de espécies de répteis está aninhada entre as assembleias estudadas no Cerrado. Nossos resultados indicam que a herpetofauna do SAES é rica e representativa da biodiversidade regional, com composição de espécies que evidencia seu caráter transitório.

Abstract Several herpetofaunal inventories have been conducted in the Neotropical region. However, many areas remain to be investigated, and this is particularly true of transition zones between distinct ecoregions. Herein we describe the richness, species composition, and abundance of herpetofauna from a scarcely known portion of the Brazilian Cerrado and assess the taxonomic similarities of the assemblages among the sampled habitats and between neighbouring ecoregions. A mid-term herpetological inventory was conducted from May 2009 to January 2011 at Serra das Araras Ecological Station (SAES) using pitfall traps with drift fences in five distinct forested and open habitats. In these and in additional habitats, visual and acoustic searches and occasional encounters were also used to access the local composition of the herpetofauna, together with literature data and examination of specimens deposited in collections. We also compared the species composition at SAES on a regional scale with those of other 29 localities previously studied in nine South American ecoregions. We documented 123 species at the SAES (39 amphibians and 84 reptiles), 112 of which were recorded during the field inventory. Richness was highest in riparian forests and lowest in semi-deciduous dry forest and cerrado woodland. Riparian forests also presented the highest number of exclusive species, while only one exclusive species was found in cerrado woodland. Cerrado sensu stricto and cerrado parkland contained 53 and 40 species, including seven and 10 exclusive species, respectively, and showed greater similarity than the sampled forested habitats. In comparison to other localities in the Cerrado (including transition zones), SAES is home to one of the most diverse assemblages of herpetofauna. This may be attributed to continued sampling efforts and to the marked environmental heterogeneity resulting from the topographic profile and confluence of several ecoregions. Amphibian species composition at SAES is more similar to a nearby locality also studied in the Cerrado and to Chiquitano Dry Forest assemblages, while the reptile species composition is nested among the assemblages studied in the Cerrado. Our findings indicate that the herpetofauna of SAES is rich and representative of the regional biodiversity, with species composition evidencing its transitional character.

Resumen Los cambios en la cobertura del suelo debido a la expansión agrícola y ganadera son las principales causas que influyen en la diversidad de las comunidades de anfibios y reptiles. En este estudio, evaluamos la variación de la diversidad de anfibios y reptiles en cuatro tipos de cobertura del suelo (jagüeyes, pastizales, cultivos transitorios y vegetación secundaria) en un paisaje rural de la región Caribe colombiana. Los anfibios y reptiles fueron muestreados a través del método de relevamiento por encuentros visuales entre abril y agosto de 2018. Se registró un total de 19 especies de anfibios (ranas y sapos) y 23 especies de reptiles (14 lagartos, 7 serpientes, 1 tortuga y 1 caimán). La diversidad de especies difirió entre las coberturas del suelo, tanto para anfibios como para reptiles. La diversidad de anfibios fue mayor en los jagüeyes y menor en los pastizales, mientras que la de reptiles fue mayor en la vegetación secundaria y menor en los cultivos transitorios. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el mantenimiento de jagüeyes y vegetación secundaria podría ser importante para la conservación de la herpetofauna en paisajes rurales donde predominan actividades antropogénicas como la agricultura y la ganadería.

Abstract Land cover changes resulting from agricultural expansion and cattle ranching are the primary factors influencing the diversity of amphibian and reptile communities. In this study, we assessed the variation in the diversity of amphibians and reptiles across four land-cover types (ponds, grasslands, temporary crops, and secondary vegetation) in a rural landscape in the Colombian Caribbean region. Amphibians and reptiles were sampled through visual encounter surveys between April and August 2018. A total of 19 species of amphibians (frogs and toads) and 23 species of reptiles (14 lizards, 7 snakes, 1 turtle, and 1 alligator) were recorded. Species diversity differed among land covers, for both amphibians and reptiles. Amphibian diversity was higher in ponds and lower in grasslands, whereas reptile diversity was higher in secondary vegetation and lower in temporary crops. Our results suggest that the maintenance of ponds and secondary vegetation could be important for the conservation of herpetofauna in rural landscapes where anthropogenic activities such as agriculture and cattle ranching predominate.

Abstract The skin of anuran species is a protective barrier against predators and pathogens, showing also chemical defense by substances that represent a potential source for bioactive substances. This review describes the current chemical and biological knowledge from the skin secretions of Leptodactylidae species, one of the most diverse neotropical frog families. These skin secretions reveal a variety of substances such as amines (12), neuropeptides (16), and antimicrobial peptides (72). The amines include histamine and its methylated derivatives, tryptamine derivatives and quaternary amines. The peptides of Leptodactylidae species show molecular weight up to 3364 Da and ocellatins are the most reported. The peptides exhibit commonly glycine (G) or glycine-valine (GV) as C-terminal amino acids, and the most common N-terminal amino acids are glutamic acid (E), lysine (K), and valine (V). The substances from Leptodactylidae species have been evaluated against pathogenic microorganisms, particularly Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the most active peptides showed MIC of 1-15 µM. Furthermore, some compounds showed also pharmacological properties such as immunomodulation, treatment of degenerative diseases, anticancer, and antioxidant. Currently, only 9% of the species in this family have been properly studied, highlighting a large number of unstudied species such as an entire subfamily (Paratelmatobiinae). The ecological context, functions, and evolution of peptides and amines in this family are poorly understood and represent a large field for further exploration. pathogens families 12, 12 , (12) 16, 16 (16) 72. 72 . (72) 336 reported G (G glycinevaline GV (GV Cterminal C terminal Nterminal N E, E (E) K, K (K) V. V (V) microorganisms aureus 115 1 15 1-1 µM Furthermore immunomodulation diseases anticancer antioxidant Currently 9 studied Paratelmatobiinae. Paratelmatobiinae (Paratelmatobiinae) context functions exploration (12 (16 7 (72 33 (E (K (V 11 1- (Paratelmatobiinae (1 (7 3 (

Resumo A literatura científica sobre anomalias em anfíbios é vasta, mas casos registrados de heterocromia ocular em anfíbios estão quase ausentes, mesmo considerando registros anedóticos. No território brasileiro, apenas dois casos de heterocromia ocular foram registrados anteriormente para anfíbios, ambos para anuros, o primeiro para a Mata Atlântica do nordeste do Brasil e o segundo para a região amazônica do norte do Brasil. No presente relato, descrevemos dois casos de heterocromia ocular no hilídeo Boana albomarginata, ambos no bioma Mata Atlântica, estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil, representando o primeiro registro de heterocromia ocular para esta espécie e o terceiro caso registrado para uma espécie de anfíbio no Brasil. Um olho de cada exemplar observado apresentava atipicamente íris de cor azul chamativa e homogênea, preenchendo toda sua superfície ou apenas a metade inferior, representando casos de heterocromia completa e setorial, respectivamente. Além disso, a não-usual íris azul só esteve detectável sob a luz do dia, quando a cor de fundo da íris era branca. À noite, a cor de fundo padrão da íris cobreada ou dourada permaneceu inalterada e a cor azul não pôde ser detectada. Nenhuma outra anomalia detectável ou comportamento incomum foi observada para ambos os exemplares. Este é o primeiro relato de heterocromia ocular em anfíbios representado por uma cor azul bem-marcada e limitada a um padrão diurno de cor da íris. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar a natureza desta anomalia e suas potenciais consequências para o indivíduo e para a espécie. vasta ausentes anedóticos brasileiro anuros albomarginata Bahia homogênea inferior setorial respectivamente disso nãousual usual dia branca noite detectada exemplares bemmarcada bem marcada

Abstract The scientific literature on amphibian anomalies is large, but registered cases of amphibians’ ocular heterochromia are almost absent, even considering anecdotal records. In the Brazilian territory, only two cases of ocular heterochromia were formerly registered for amphibians, both for anurans, the first from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil and the second from the Amazonian region of northern Brazil. In the present account, we report two cases of ocular heterochromia in the hylid treefrog Boana albomarginata, both from the Atlantic Forest biome, Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, representing the first record of ocular heterochromia for this species and the third case registered for an amphibian’s species in Brazil. One eye of each observed specimen had an unusually flashy and homogeneous blue-colored iris, filling its entire surface or only its lower half, representing cases of complete and sectoral heterochromia, respectively. Furthermore, the unusual flashy blue iris was only detectable during daylight, when the iris background color was white. At night, the standard copper to golden iris background color remains unchanged, and the blue color cannot be detected. No other detectable anomalies or unusual behaviors were observed for both specimens. This is the first report of amphibian ocular heterochromia represented by a flashy blue color iris and limited to a daylight iris color pattern. Further studies are necessary to determine the nature of this anomaly and its potential consequences for the specimen and the species. large amphibians absent records territory anurans account albomarginata biome state s bluecolored colored half respectively Furthermore white night unchanged detected specimens pattern

Abstract We studied the relationship between shape, size, and developmental time in the embryonic ontogeny of 15 species of the frog genus Physalaemus. As in other anuran exotrophic embryos, shape changes are correlated with size increase and mainly concern tail elongation, decrease in body height, and increase in fin height. Size ranges and developmental times vary interspecifically. Embryos of the P. signifer Clade and the P. gracilis Group are among the largest, are slightly peramorphic, and develop fast regarding congeneric species. Embryos of P. cicada combine the smallest sizes with fast development and the most peramorphic shapes. The paedomorphic shapes of embryos of P. biligonigerus and P. henselii groups are correlated with fast vs. slow developmental times respectively. Trajectories in the P. cuvieri Group are diverse and in general differ in size and developmental time. The embryos of P. cristinae and from the Argentinean lineage of P. cuvieri stand out with the longest development. Sequences of developmental events are overall conserved in the genus, and main differences concern mouthpart ontogeny. This study constitutes the first attempt to evaluate morphological, allometric, and heterochronic parameters of the early ontogeny of anurans and how these can vary and contribute to diversification in taxonomic groups. 1 Physalaemus elongation height interspecifically P largest vs respectively morphological allometric

Resumo Espécimes (50) de Leptophis nigromarginatus do Norte do Brasil, Peru, Equador e Colômbia foram examinados quanto à composição do conteúdo estomacal. A maioria das presas eram pererecas, especialmente as da família Hylidae (96%). A maioria dos anuros identificados pertence ao grupo de espécies Scinax ruber (14%) e Scinax sp. (8%). Ambos os sexos predaram itens de pequeno porte (1,8-4,4% do comprimento focinho-cloaca da serpente), mas as fêmeas capturam presas maiores que os machos. Leptophis nigromarginatus parece manipular as presas capturadas antes da ingestão, uma vez que a maioria das presas (68%) foi engolida pela cabeça. Há uma correlação positiva entre o comprimento do focinho-cloaca da fêmea e o tamanho da presa e entre o comprimento da cabeça e o tamanho da presa. 50 (50 Brasil Peru estomacal pererecas 96%. 96 96% . (96%) 14% 14 (14% sp 8%. 8 8% (8%) 1,84,4% 1844 1,8 4,4% 1 4 (1,8-4,4 focinhocloaca focinho cloaca serpente, serpente , serpente) machos ingestão 68% 68 (68% 5 (5 9 (96% (14 (8% 84 1,84,4 184 18 1, 44 4,4 (1,8-4, 6 (68 ( (96 (1 (8 1,84, 4, (1,8-4 (6 (9 1,84 (1,8- (1,8 (1,

Abstract Specimens (50) of Leptophis nigromarginatus from northern Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia were examined for the composition of stomach contents. Most prey items were tree frogs, especially those of the family Hylidae (96%). Most of the anurans identified belong to the Scinax ruber species group (14%) and Scinax sp. (8%). Both sexes preyed on small-sized items (1.8–4.4% of snake snout-vent length), but females capture larger prey than males. Leptophis nigromarginatus seems to manipulate captured prey before ingestion since most of the prey items (68%) were swallowed head-first. There is a positive correlation between female snout-vent length and prey size and between and head length and prey size. 50 (50 Brazil Peru contents frogs 96%. 96 96% . (96%) 14% 14 (14% sp 8%. 8 8% (8%) smallsized small sized 1.8–4.4% 1844 1 4 (1.8–4.4 snoutvent snout vent length, , length) males 68% 68 (68% headfirst. headfirst first. first head-first 5 (5 9 (96% (14 (8% 1.8–4.4 184 (1.8–4. 6 (68 ( (96 (1 (8 1.8–4. 18 (1.8–4 (6 (9 1.8–4 (1.8– 1.8– (1.8 1.8 (1. 1.

Abstract Biological sound archives are a major source to investigate geographic variation in animal acoustic signals and their evolutionary drivers. The acoustic signals of anuran species with wide distribution ranges often vary geographically as a result of isolation by distance and climate amongst other factors. We examined whether the acoustic structure of call notes would vary geographically in lesser treefrogs Dendropsophus minutus using recordings from bioacoustics repositories. We also tested whether climate (mean annual temperature and annual precipitation) drive geographic variation in those signals. The acoustic distance was unrelated to geographic distance, suggesting that isolation by distance solely cannot explain geographic variation in call structure. Overall, lesser treefrogs uttered call notes with lower frequencies and bandwidths in the west of their range. In addition, frogs produced shorter call notes in hotter, wetter sites and narrow-bandwidth notes in hotter environments. We suggest that frogs produce more calls (not measured here) of shorter durations to maximize transmission and minimize the metabolic costs of calling at high air temperatures. We also suggest that hotter environments favor the propagation of lower-bandwidth calls. This study reinforces the feasibility and power of citizen science and acoustic data repositories for understanding the evolution of anuran acoustic signals. drivers factors mean precipitation Overall range addition narrowbandwidth narrow bandwidth not here temperatures lowerbandwidth

Resumo O oligoqueta Dero lutzi possui uma estratégia de vida que alterna entre períodos de vida livre em ambientes aquáticos e fases endoparasitárias. A maioria das ocorrências de D. lutzi em anfíbios anuros é relatada em espécies com hábitos arborícolas, com estudos que se restringem a registros da presença do oligoqueta no hospedeiro. Este estudo recuperou espécimes de D. lutzi das pererecas Scinax fuscovarius e Scinax nasicus. Foi realizada uma avaliação morfológica do parasito por microscopia de luz e, pela primeira vez, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A caracterização molecular de D. lutzi foi realizada com o gene mitocondrial 16S rRNA e o gene nuclear 28S rRNA. Além disso, uma árvore filogenética foi construída para avaliar a posição da espécie em relação a outros membros do grupo. Os resultados deste estudo confirmaram as características morfológicas fenotípicas da fase endoparasitária de D. lutzi. Também foi apresentada sua posição filogenética com outros oligoquetas do grupo, o que permitiu demonstrar a proximidade entre o endoparasito D. lutzi e o oligoqueta de vida livre D. superterrenus. endoparasitárias D arborícolas hospedeiro nasicus vez varredura S disso grupo superterrenus

Abstract The oligochaete Dero lutzi follows a life strategy that alternates between free-living periods in aquatic environments and endoparasitic phases. Most occurrences of D. lutzi in anurans are reported in species with arboreal habits, with studies limited to the recording of the oligochaete’s presence in the host. Our study recovered specimens of D. lutzi from the tree frogs Scinax fuscovarius and Scinax. nasicus. We performed a morphological assessment of the parasite using light microscopy, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy. Molecular characterization of D. lutzi was carried out using the mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA and the nuclear gene 28S rRNA. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to assess the species´position in relation to other group members. In our results, we confirmed the phenotypic morphological characteristics of the endoparasitic phase of D. lutzi. We also presented its phylogenetic position with other oligochaetes in the group, demonstrating the proximity between the endoparasite D. lutzi and the free-living oligochaete D. superterrenus. freeliving free living phases D habits s host nasicus microscopy time S Additionally speciesposition members results superterrenus

Abstract The distribution of amphibians is conditioned by historical factors and ecological drivers. Thus, Ecological Niche Models are important tools to provide information on the potential distribution of the species and determine where they will be requirements in future. Mainly, rare species or with restricted areas of occurrence, because this information are essential to understanding of their living area, microhabitat use, or natural history, serving as a basis for preservation actions. Xenohyla eugenioi is a poorly known species, restricted to transition areas of Caatinga and Atlantic Forest from Minas Gerais to Sergipe. This species exhibits little biological information available and few specimens housed in museums, which difficulty to plan conservation strategies. Here our aim was modeling the current and future distribution and discussing about conservation of Xenohyla eugenioi. We searched for occurrence records through literature and scientific collections data. For the future (2071-2100), we used ensemble models from three algorithms (CTA, GLM and ANN) to two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP370 and SSP585 scenarios). This species has approximately 650 km in straight line between the extreme localities, occurring mainly in bromeliads near to water bodies. The Ensemble method indicates the most suitable areas of occurrence were over ecotonal range between Caatinga and Atlantic Forest and our projections have showed suitable conditions to highlands (up to 1.000 m). However, in the future, is expected total erosion of the X. eugenioi populations, due climatic changes, which reinforce the caution to conservation of this poorly known species and necessity of studies about its ecology, natural history and distribution. Moreover, we hope that this work can contribute to the discovery of new records, characterizing the narrower niche space than this species may actually inhabit. drivers Thus Mainly area use actions Sergipe museums strategies data 20712100, 20712100 2071 2100 , (2071-2100) CTA, CTA (CTA ANN SSP370 SSP (SSP37 SSP58 scenarios. scenarios . scenarios) 65 localities bodies up 1000 1 000 1.00 m. m m) However X populations changes ecology Moreover inhabit 2071210 207 210 (2071-2100 SSP37 (SSP3 SSP5 6 100 00 1.0 207121 20 21 (2071-210 SSP3 (SSP 10 0 1. 20712 2 (2071-21 (2071-2 (2071- (2071 (207 (20 (2 (

Resumen Introducción: El uso frecuente de plaguicidas es considerado actualmente una causa de contaminación ambiental debido a las altas tasas de ingreso de estas sustancias a los agroecosistemas. Esta situación es un riesgo para las especies que habitan en estos ecosistemas, en particular los anuros cuyas características los hacen propensos a la exposición e interacción con contaminantes ambientales. Objetivo: Informar la presencia de anormalidades en larvas del sapo común Rhinella arenarum que habitan en estanques rodeados por un agroecosistema. Métodos: En dos primaveras consecutivas (2015 y 2016), se monitorearon los eventos reproductivos del sapo común proveniente de sistemas de estanques temporales ubicados en zonas agrícolas y no agrícolas, cerca de la ciudad de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Se midieron los parámetros fisicoquímicos de los estanques y se registraron las etapas de cada evento reproductivo como el número de sapos adultos, amplexos y nidadas. En el laboratorio, las larvas fueron medidas y fotografiadas, se registró su estado de desarrollo y se examinó la morfología de cada una bajo microscopio estereoscópico. Se procesaron muestras representativas (normales y anormales) de cada estanque estudiado para análisis histopatológico. Resultados: En la población de R. arenarum que vive dentro de un agroecosistema, se observó un menor número de adultos reproductores y puestas en relación con la del estanque en la zona no agrícola. Se recolectaron un total de 1 910 larvas: 529 y 1 381 larvas de estanques ubicados en zonas no agrícolas y agrícolas, respectivamente. Las larvas del agroecosistema mostraron dos tipos de anormalidades: severa flexión de la cola y distensión abdominal. Además, se pudo determinar cinco grados de gravedad en relación con la distensión abdominal. Conclusiones: Una alta frecuencia y severidad de anormalidades en los estadios tempranos de larvas de R. arenarum que viven dentro de un agroecosistema proporciona evidencia del impacto negativo que las actividades agrícolas causan en los ecosistemas acuáticos rodeados por áreas de cultivo.

Abstract Introduction: The frequent use of pesticides is currently considered a cause of environmental pollution due to the high rate of entry of these substances into agroecosystems. This constitutes a risk for the species that inhabit these ecosystems, in particular anurans whose characteristics make them prone to exposure to and interaction with environmental pollutants. Objective: To report the occurrence of abnormalities in larvae of the common toad Rhinella arenarum inhabiting ponds surrounded by agroecosystems. Methods: In two consecutive springs (2015 and 2016), reproductive events of common toads were monitored in temporary pond systems in agricultural and non-agricultural areas, located near the city of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). The physicochemical parameters of the ponds were measured, and the stage of each reproductive event was recorded, such as the numbers of adult toads, amplexus and clutches. In the laboratory, the larvae were measured and photographed, their stage of development was recorded, and their morphology was examined under a stereomicroscope. Representative samples (normal and abnormal) from each pond studied were processed for histopathological analysis. Results: In the field studies carried out on a population of R. arenarum collected in an agroecosystem, a lower number of reproductive adults and clutches were observed in relation to the population of a non-agricultural pond. A total of 1 910 larvae were collected: 529 and 1 381 larvae from ponds located in non-agricultural and agricultural areas, respectively. Larvae from the agroecosystem showed two types of abnormalities: severe tail flexure and abdominal bloating. In addition, five degrees of severity could be determined in relation to abdominal bloating. Conclusions: This work reports the high frequency and severity of abnormalities observed in the early stages of R. arenarum larvae living within an agroecosystem, providing evidence of the negative impact that agricultural activities cause on aquatic ecosystems surrounded by farming areas.

ABSTRACT Computed microtomography is an important tool for understanding the natural history of species using biological collections. Here we report the first dietary data of Alsodes cantillanensis Charrier, Correa, Castro & Méndez, 2015. Using this technique, we found remains of Diplopoda and Coleoptera in the digestive tract of a male from the type locality, providing valuable information on the ecology of the species. These findings may be useful for designing conservation strategies for this endangered species.

RESUMEN La microtomografía computarizada es una herramienta importante para comprender la historia natural de las especies utilizando colecciones biológicas. Aquí reportamos los primeros datos de dieta de Alsodes cantillanensis Charrier, Correa, Castro & Méndez, 2015. Usando esta técnica, encontramos restos de Diplopoda y Coleoptera en el tracto digestivo de un macho de la localidad tipo, proporcionando valiosa información sobre la ecología de la especie. Estos hallazgos pueden ser útiles para diseñar estrategias de conservación para esta especie en peligro de extinción.

Resumen En Colombia, los anfibios se posicionan como uno de los grupos vertebrados con mayor riqueza taxonómica, y una alta representatividad de especies endémicas. En los últimos años, las colecciones regionales han contribuido a llenar vacíos de información sobre la biogeografía, la variación intra e interespecífica y la sistemática de los anfibios del país. En este trabajo presentamos la información de 1533 registros depositados en la Colección de Anfibios del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Caldas, los cuales representan 143 especies distribuidas en 49 géneros y 19 familias. La mayoría de los especímenes (n = 1194) proceden del departamento de Caldas, sin embargo, se cuenta con registros (n = 339) de otros 16 departamentos del país. El orden más representado es Anura (n = 1487 registros), seguido por Caudata (n = 27 registros) y Gymnophiona (n = 19 registros). La colección alberga 152 especímenes que han sido referenciados en 13 publicaciones nacionales y extranjeras.

Abstract In Colombia, amphibians are a vertebrate group with a high taxonomic richness, and an elevated representativity of species with restricted distributions. In recent years, regional collections have assisted to fill information gaps on the biogeography, intra- and interspecific variation, and systematics of the amphibians of the country. In this work we present the information of 1533 records deposited in the Amphibian Collection of the Museo de Historia Natural of the Universidad de Caldas, represented by 143 species, belonging to 49 genera and 19 families. Most of the records (n = 1194) come from the Department of Caldas, but there are records for 16 additional departments. The most representative order is Anura (n = 1487 records) followed by Caudata (n = 27 records), and Gymnophiona (n = 19 records). The collection houses 152 specimens that have been referenced in 13 national and foreign publications.

RESUMEN Analizamos el uso de microhábitat para las diferentes clases etarias entre épocas climáticas y comparamos la diversidad de presas consumidas por los machos y hembras adultas de Craugastor berkenbuschii en un arroyo tropical del sureste de México. Los datos fueron colectados en diez transectos de 100 x 15 m, separados entre sí por 25 m de distancia entre ellos. Los muestreos diurnos y nocturnos se realizaron mensualmente entre septiembre 2017 y agosto 2018. A cada individuo observado le registramos el sexo, la clase etaria y el microhábitat utilizado al momento del avistamiento. Las presas consumidas fueron extraídas mediante lavados estomacales in situ. Registramos un total de 437 individuos; 165 fueron adultos, 162 juveniles y 110 crías. Los microhábitats utilizados fueron roca, hojarasca, suelo, tronco, rama, hojas y raíz, de los cuales roca fue el más utilizado independientemente de la época del año y clases etarias. Se identificaron 21 órdenes de presas, 19 órdenes en hembras y 11 en machos. El índice de diversidad verdadera (1D), mostró valores similares para machos y hembras, con 9,67 y 9,08 respectivamente. El índice de distintividad taxonómica promedio (A+) determinó que las hembras consumen una mayor diversidad de presas que los machos, con 5,12 y 4,25, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que las diferentes clases etarias de C. berkenbuschii aprovechan una gran variedad de microhábitats entre épocas climáticas y que existen diferencias entre las presas consumidas entre machos y hembras adultas.

ABSTRACT We analyzed microhabitat use for different age classes between climatic seasons and compared the diversity of prey consumed by adult males and females of Craugastor berkenbuschii in a tropical stream in southeastern Mexico. The data was collected in ten transects of 100 x 15 m, separated from each other by 25 m of the distance between them. Day and night sampling was carried out monthly between September 2017 and august 2018. For each observed individual, we recorded the sex, age class, and microhabitat used at the time of the sighting. The consumed prey was extracted by means of in situ stomach washings. We registered a total of 437 individuals; 165 were adults, 162 were juveniles, and 110 were young. The microhabitats used were rock, litter, soil, trunk, branch, leaves, and root, of which rock was the most used regardless of the time of year and age classes. Twenty-one orders of prey were identified, 19 orders in females and 11 in males. The true diversity index (1D) showed similar values for males and females, with 9.67 and 9.08 respectively. The average taxonomic distinctness index (A+) determined that females consume a greater diversity of prey than males, with 5.12 and 4.25, respectively. The results show that the different age classes of C. berkenbuschii take advantage of a wide variety of microhabitats between climatic seasons and that there are differences between the prey consumed between adult males and females.

Resumen En este trabajo reanalizamos especímenes de Paraguay asignados a la especie Rhinella icterica provenientes de los departamentos de Canindeyú y Amambay ubicados en la ecorregión del Cerrado. En base a la evaluación de caracteres morfológicos externos concluimos que los mismos deben ser asignados a la especie Rhinella cerradensis. Por otro lado, consideramos que no hay evidencia de que la especie R. icterica se encuentre en el país.

Resumo Neste trabalho reanalisamos espécimes do Paraguai atribuídos à espécie Rhinella icterica dos departamentos de Canindeyú e Amambay localizados na ecorregião do Cerrado. Com base na avaliação dos caracteres morfológicos externos, concluímos que eles devem ser atribuídos à espécie Rhinella cerradensis. Por outro lado, consideramos que não há evidências de que a espécie R. icterica seja encontrada no país.

Abstract In this work, we reanalyzed specimens from Paraguay assigned to the species Rhinella icterica from the departments of Canindeyú and Amambay located in the Cerrado ecoregion. Based on the evaluation of external morphological characters, we conclude that they should be assigned to the species Rhinella cerradensis. On the other hand, we consider that there is no evidence that R. icterica is present in the country.