The superfamily Curculionoidea includes approximately 62 000 species and 5 800 genera, assigned to 7 families (Nemonychidae, Anthribidae, Belidae, Attelabidae, Caridae, Brentidae, and Curculionidae). In Mexico, there have been described 603 genera and 3 594 species, with ca. 40% of endemic species, belonging to 6 families, the only one absent in the country is Caridae. Nearly 85% of the Mexican weevil species belong to the family Curculionidae, and are classified in the subfamilies Baridinae, Brachycerinae, Cossoninae, Curculioninae, Cyclominae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Molytinae, Platypodinae, and Scolytinae. Taxonomic studies on Mexican Curculionoidea are relatively scarce, and neither modern revisionary studies nor phylogenetic analyses are available for the majority of the taxa. Although they are important components of all terrestrial natural ecosystems, information on their ecology, natural history, and immature stages is still not available for most species.

La superfamilia Curculionoidea incluye aproximadamente 62 000 especies y 5 800 géneros, asignados a 7 familias (Nemonychidae, Anthribidae, Belidae, Attelabidae, Caridae, Brentidae y Curculionidae). En México, se han descrito 603 géneros y 3 594 especies, y cerca de un 40% de especies endémicas pertenecientes a 6 familias, la única ausente en el país es Caridae. Aproximadamente el 85% de las especies de gorgojos mexicanos pertenecen a la familia Curculionidae y se clasifican en las subfamilias Baridinae, Brachycerinae, Cossoninae, Curculioninae, Cyclominae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Molytinae, Platypodinae y Scolytinae. Los estudios taxonómicos sobre Curculionoidea son relativamente escasos, no existen revisiones modernas ni análisis filogenéticos para la mayoría de los taxones. A pesar de que son componentes importantes de todos los ecosistemas terrestres, para muchas especies se carece de información sobre su ecología, historia natural y estadios inmaduros.

Os gêneros Tribotropis Jekel, 1855 e Hypselotropis Jekel, 1855 são revisados. Com base nos resultados da análise cladística que incluiu 41caracteres e 22 táxons, o gênero Tribotropis é parafilético com relação a Hypselotropis, desta forma apresenta-se a proposta de sinonímia de Tribotropis syn. nov., sinônimo júnior. O gênero Hypselotropis, sinônimo sênior, e 17 espécies são redescritos, incluindo as espécies anteriormente alocadas em Tribotropis: Hypselotropis apollinaris (Jordan, 1939) comb. nov.; H. colombiana (Mermudes, 2004) comb. nov.; H. compressicornis (Jordan, 1895) comb. nov.; H. conicollis (Jekel, 1855) comb. nov.; H. limodes (Jordan, 1939) com. nov.; H. prasinata (Fahraeus, 1839) comb. nov.; H. punctulata (Jekel, 1855) comb. nov.; H. pustulata (Fabricius, 1801) comb. nov; H. speciosa (Jekel, 1855) comb. nov.; H. subvittata (Jordan, 1937) comb. nov.; H. suffusa (Jordan, 1895) comb. nov.; e H. vittata (Kirsch, 1889) comb. nov. Chave para identificação das espécies, ilustrações e mapas de distribuição são fornecidos. A biogeografia baseada nos padrões de distribuição das espécies é discutida.

The genera Tribotropis Jekel, 1855 and Hypselotropis Jekel, 1855 are revised. Based on results of cladistic analysis that included 41 characters and 22 taxa, the genus Tribotropis resulted paraphyletic in relation to Hypselotropis, thus the former is proposed as a synonym of the latter. The genus Hypselotropis and 17 species are redescribed, including the species previously allocated in Tribotropis: Hypselotropis apollinaris (Jordan, 1939) comb. nov.; H. colombiana (Mermudes, 2004) comb. nov.; H. compressicornis (Jordan, 1895) comb. nov.; H. conicollis (Jekel, 1855) comb. nov.; H. limodes (Jordan, 1939) com. nov.; H. prasinata (Fahraeus, 1839) comb. nov.; H. punctulata (Jekel, 1855) comb. nov.; H. pustulata (Fabricius, 1801) comb. nov; H. speciosa (Jekel, 1855) comb. nov.; H. subvittata (Jordan, 1937) comb. nov.; H. suffusa (Jordan, 1895) comb. nov.; e H. vittata (Kirsch, 1889) comb. nov.. A key to species, illustrations and maps of distribution are provided. The biogeography based on patterns of distribution of the species are discussed.

The weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from South America are currently classified in the following families and subfamilies: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae), Belidae (Belinae and Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae and Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae and Brentinae), Caridae (Carinae) and Curculionidae (Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Aterpinae, Gonipterinae, Rhythirrininae, Thecesterninae, Eugnominae, Hyperinae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Mesoptiliinae (= Magdalidinae), Molytinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Conoderinae (= Zygopinae), Cossoninae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae). In the present contribution we bring a dichotomous key for the identification of seven families and 28 subfamilies of Curculionoidea from South America, and for 21 tribes of the highly heterogeneous subfamilies Curculioninae and Molytinae. These tribes are Curculionini Anthonomini, Ceutorhynchini, Derelomini, Otidocephalini, Erodiscini, Camarotini, Piazorhinini, Prionobrachiini, Smicronychini, Rhamphini and Tychiini, within Curculioninae; and Hylobiini, Pissodini, Conotrachelini, Cleogonini, Sternechini, Pacholenini, Cholini, Petalochilini and Amalactini, within Molytinae. Most of them have been classified as subfamilies in traditional schemes. The key is mainly based on external morphological characters, but also includes data on genitalia, mouth parts and other biological features. Definitions and illustrations of diagnostic characters used in the key are provided

Los gorgojos (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) de América del Sur se clasifican actualmente en las siguientes familias y subfamilias: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae), Belidae (Belinae y Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae y Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae y Brentinae), Caridae (Carinae) y Curculionidae (Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Aterpinae, Gonipterinae, Rhythirrininae, Thecesterninae, Eugnominae, Hyperinae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Mesoptiliinae (= Magdalidinae), Molytinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Conoderinae (= Zygopinae), Cossoninae, Scolytinae y Platypodinae). En la presente contribución se brinda una clave dicotómica para la identificación de las siete familias y 28 subfamilias de Curculionoidea sudamericanos, y para varias (21) tribus de Curculioninae y Molytinae. Estas tribus son Curculionini, Anthonomini, Ceutorhynchini, Derelomini, Otidocephalini, Erodiscini, Camarotini, Piazorhinini, Prionobrachiini, Smicronychini, Rhamphini y Tychiini, dentro de Curculioninae, e Hylobiini, Pissodini, Conotrachelini, Cleogonini, Sternechini, Pacholenini, Cholini, Petalochilini y Amalactini, dentro de Molytinae. La mayoría de estas tribus han sido clasificadas como subfamilias en los esquemas tradicionales. La clave se basa principalmente en caracteres morfológicos externos, e incluye además datos de la genitalia, piezas bucales, y rasgos biológicos de las especies. El trabajo provee definiciones e ilustraciones de los caracteres diagnósticos utilizados en la clave

Duas novas espécies de Ptychoderes Schoenherr, 1823 são descritas e ilustradas: Ptychoderes magnus sp. nov., da Bolívia e Brasil (localidade-tipo: Ouro Preto d'Oeste, Rondônia) e P. jekeli sp. nov. do Brasil e Guiana Francesa (localidade-tipo: Roches de Kourou).

The following new species of Ptychoderes Schoenherr, 1823 are described and illustrated (type-localities parenthetic): Ptychoderes magnus sp. nov., from Bolivia and Brazil (Rondônia: Ouro Preto d'Oeste) and P. jekeli sp. nov., from Brazil and French Guiana (Roches de Kourou).

The weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) from South America are classsified into seven families and 28 subfamilies as follows: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae), Belidae (Belinae and Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae and Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae and Brentinae), Caridae (Carinae) and Curculionidae (Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Aterpinae, Gonipterinae, Rhythirrininae, Thecesterninae, Eugnominae, Hyperinae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Mesoptiliinae (= Magdalidinae), Molytinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Conoderinae (= Zygopinae), Cossoninae, Scolytinae and Platypodinae). A dichotomous key for the larval stage is provided for identification of the families and subfamilies of Curculionoidea present in South America. The key is based on external morphological characters and contains data on larval feeding habits

Los gorgojos (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) de Sudamérica están clasificados en siete familias y 28 subfamilias como se muestra a continuación: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae), Belidae (Belinae y Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae y Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae y Brentinae), Caridae (Carinae) y Curculionidae (Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae, Entiminae, Aterpinae, Gonipterinae, Rhythirrininae, Thecesterninae, Eugnominae, Hyperinae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Mesoptiliinae (= Magdalidinae), Molytinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Conoderinae (= Zygopinae), Cossoninae, Scolytinae y Platypodinae). Se brinda una clave dicotómica para el estado de larva de Curculionoidea en Sudamérica, para su determinación a nivel de familias y subfamilias. La clave está basada sobre caracteres morfológicos externos y se presentan además datos de hábitos alimentarios

Unanthribus gen. nov. is proposed to include Unanthribus maximus sp. nov. (type species) described from Brazil (Pará), and U. grandis (Jordan, 1911) comb. nov., which is redescribed. The species are illustrated and keyed.

The collection of the Museo de Zoología "Alfonso L. Herrera" includes 1,148 specimens of Curculionoidea, which belong to 397 species, 217 genera, and 14 families. The best represented family is Curculionidae, with 342 species, followed by Dryophthoridae (12), Erirhinidae (8), Belidae (7), Oxycorynidae (6), Brentidae (4), Nemonychidae (4), Rhynchitidae (4), Anthribidae (3), Apionidae (2), Brachyceridae (2), Attelabidae (1), Ithyceridae (1), and Raymondionymidae (1). Most of the species are from other countries (Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and USA, among others). The majority of the Mexican specimens are from the states of Hidalgo (44 species), Morelos (13), Nayarit (12), and Veracruz (12).

La colección del Museo de Zoología "Alfonso L. Herrera" incluye 1,148 especímenes de Curculionoidea, que pertenecen a 397 especies, 217 géneros y 14 familias. La familia mejor representada es Curculionidae, con 342 especies, seguida de Dryophthoridae (12), Erirhinidae (8), Belidae (7), Oxycorynidae (6), Brentidae (4), Nemonychidae (4), Rhynchitidae (4), Anthribidae (3), Apionidae (2), Brachyceridae (2), Attelabidae (1), Ithyceridae (1) y Raymondionymidae (1). Muchos de los especímenes provienen de otros países (Argentina, Chile, Brasil y E.U.A., entre otros). La mayoría de los ejemplares mexicanos son de los estados de Hidalgo (44 especies), Morelos (13), Nayarit (12) y Veracruz (12).

Systaltocerus platyrhinus Labram & Imhoff, 1840: redescriptions and considerations about the synonymy with Homalorhamphus vestitus Haedo Rossi & Viana, 1957 (Coleoptera, Anthribidae, Anthribinae). The genus Systaltocerus Labram & Imhoff, 1840 and the species S. platyrhinus Labram & Imhoff, 1840 (type species), are redescribed. Illustrations of the mouth pieces, endosternites, wing venation, male and female terminalia, and rectal plates, are given for the first time. New data on geographic distribution are also presented. Nomenclatural changes introduced: Systaltocerus Labram & Imhoff, 1840 = Homalorhamphus Haedo Rossi & Viana, 1957 syn. nov.; Systaltocerus platyrhinus Labram & Imhoff, 1840 = Homalorhamphus vestitus Haedo Rossi & Viana, 1957 syn. nov.

Mexican weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) belong to the following families and subfamilies: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae and Choraginae), Belidae (Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae and Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae, Brentinae, and Cyladinae), Dryophthoridae (Dryophthorinae, Rhynchophorinae, and Orthognatinae), Erirhinidae (Erirhininae and Raymondionyminae), and Curculionidae (Entiminae, Thecesterninae, Cyclominae, Phytonominae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Zygopinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Molytinae, Cossoninae, Scolytinae, and Platypodinae). A preliminary key to identify these families and subfamilies is presented. Some notes are also included, in order to compare the classification herein followed with those of previous authors.

Los gorgojos mexicanos (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) pertenecen a las siguientes familias y subfamilias: Nemonychidae (Rhinorhynchinae), Anthribidae (Anthribinae y Choraginae), Belidae (Oxycoryninae), Attelabidae (Attelabinae y Rhynchitinae), Brentidae (Apioninae, Brentinae y Cyladinae), Dryophthoridae (Dryophthorinae, Rhynchophorinae y Orthognatinae), Erirhinidae (Erirhininae y Raymondionyminae) y Curculionidae (Entiminae, Thecesterninae, Cyclominae, Phytonominae, Curculioninae, Cryptorhynchinae, Zygopinae, Baridinae, Lixinae, Molytinae, Cossoninae, Scolytinae y Platypodinae). Se presenta una clave preliminar para identificar estas familias y subfamilias. Se incluyen también algunas notas, con el objeto de comparar la clasificación aquí seguida con las de autores previos.

From 1986 to 1992, I surveyed the invertebrate fauna of twelve limestone caves from South Ribeira Valley (State of Paraná, Brazil). Associated to walls in the entrace zone live Enoploctenus and Blechroscelis spiders, Goniosoma opilionids, Strinalia crickets, Latebraria amphipyroides moths, and Culicidae and Sciaridae dipterans. In aphotic zone, occur Plato spiders, Daguerreia inermis opilionids, Pseudonannolene strinatii diplopods, Smicridea caddisflies and the aquatic crustacean Aegla paulensis. I found in both zones Ctenus fasciatus spiders. Paronella collembolans, Zelurus travassosi heteropterans, Cholevidae and Anthribidae beetles, Phoridae dipterans and Braconidae wasps. One of the most important energy sources in these caves is the hematophagous bat guano. Associated to the guano piles there is a fauna composed by psedoscorpiones, acarians, Katantodesmus diplopods, Acherontides and Paronella collembolans, Dissochaetus beetles and Phoridae dipterans. The cave fauna studied is similar to that Ribeira Valley of the State of São Paulo. The most expressive difference is the absence of some taxa very common in São Paulo caves, such as the Oniscidae and Styloniscidae isopods, Cryptodesmidae and Chelodesmidae diplopods. Endecous crickets, Tricommatidae harvestmen, Calamoceratidae caddisflies and Neoditomyia Keroplatidae dipterans.