Abstract Introduction: Despite sensory enrichment being critical for ensuring the well-being of captive wild animals, smells are not being included in enrichment protocols for birds. For this group, neophobia can be a problem when it comes to implementing new enrichment devices. Objective: To explore how participation in an olfactory enrichment and latency times varies between bird taxonomic groups (Amazona spp. / Ara spp. / Ramphastos spp.). Methods: We exposed 257 birds to a scent enrichment, and we recorded which individuals engaged with it and the time they took to interact with it. Results: We discovered that participation by toucans in the enrichment was higher compared to amazons and macaws. Furthermore, latency time to interact with the enrichment was higher in amazons that in the other species. Our findings could suggest that toucans are neophilic species which could benefit from higher exploration rates. Amazons on the contrary seem to be particularly neophobic, possibly because of their less opportunistic feeding habits compared to toucans and their higher vulnerability to predation compared to macaws. Conclusion: These results point out that toucans would be more inclined to engage in environmental enrichments, while a more natural design using smells inside familiar objects could be a more successful enrichment for psittacids.

Resumen Introducción: A pesar de que el enriquecimiento sensorial es fundamental para garantizar el bienestar de los animales silvestres en cautiverio, los olores no son incluidos de forma rutinaria en los protocolos de enriquecimiento para aves. Además, en el caso de estos animales, la neofobia puede ser un problema a la hora de implementar nuevos dispositivos de enriquecimiento. Objetivo: Explorar cómo varía la participación y la latencia en la interacción con un enriquecimiento olfativo entre grupos taxonómicos de aves (Amazona spp. / Ara spp. / Ramphastos spp.). Métodos: Expusimos a 257 aves a un enriquecimiento olfativo y registramos qué individuos participaron y el tiempo que tardaron en interactuar con él. Resultados: La participación en el enriquecimiento fue mayor en los tucanes en comparación con las amazonas y los guacamayos. Además, el tiempo de latencia para interactuar con el enriquecimiento fue mayor en las amazonas que en las otras especies. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los tucanes son especies neofílicas que podrían beneficiarse de tasas de exploración más altas. Por otro lado, las amazonas parecen ser particularmente neofóbicas, posiblemente debido a sus hábitos alimenticios menos oportunistas en comparación con los tucanes y a su mayor vulnerabilidad a la depredación en comparación con los guacamayos. Conclusión: Estos resultados señalan que los tucanes serían más proclives a participar en enriquecimientos ambientales, mientras que un diseño que utilice olores dentro de objetos más naturales o familiares podría ser más exitoso para las psitácidas.

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the effect of solar radiation intensity of the grazing system on sheep behavior. Treatment 1, consisted of monoculture of natural grasses (47 ± 5 lux), treatment 2 of natural grasses with Leucaena leucocephala trees (34 ± 3 lux) and treatment 3 of natural grasses with Manguifera indica trees (16 ± 3 lux). The total time of each activity per daily session was determined. A completely randomized design was used with a 3x2 factorial arrangement (three intensities of solar radiation, two sessions per day). Grazing behavior was affected by the interaction between factors. The grazing-walking activity was higher in the pastures with lower levels of solar radiation (Leucaena y Manguifera), with 217.50 y 216.38 min, respectively, in the morning session, while all times were lower in the afternoon session, with the lowest result in grazing in the sun (108.05 minutes). The reduction of solar radiation under the treetops favored the behavior of the sheep, which allowed the animals to perform resting and ruminating activities under the shade of the trees, more preferably in the afternoon session.

Resumen El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de la intensidad de radiación solar del sistema de pastoreo en la conducta de ovinos. El tratamiento 1 consistió en: monocultivo de gramíneas naturales (47 ± 5 lux); el 2: gramíneas naturales con árboles de Leucaena leucocephala (34 ± 3 lux); y el 3: gramíneas naturales con árboles de Manguifera indica (16 ± 3 lux). Se determinó el tiempo total de cada actividad por sesión del día. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, con arreglo factorial 3x2 (tres intensidades de radiación solar por dos sesiones del día). La conducta en pastoreo fue afectada por la interacción entre los factores. La actividad pastar-caminar fue mayor en los pastoreos de menor nivel de radiación solar (Leucaena y Manguifera) con 217.50 y 216.38 min respectivamente, en la sesión de la mañana; mientras que todos los tiempos fueron menores en la sesión tarde, con el menor resultado en el pastoreo al sol (108.05 minutos). La reducción de la radiación solar bajo la copa de los árboles favoreció el comportamiento conductual de las ovejas, esto permitió que los animales realizaran actividades de descanso y rumia bajo la sombra de los árboles, con más preferencia en la sesión tarde.

Abstract Based on a naturalistic philosophical methodology, this article proposes two features of episodic memory that are relevant for thinking about some issues in animal ethics: (1) the reconstructive character of affectively charged past events, and (2) the narrative character and autonoethical awareness of episodic memory. Regarding the first issue, we briefly review the current debate over evidence that some animals have internally triggered experiences of hedonic valence and suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. We then explore some of the implications of this trait for animal welfare in intensive production systems. Next, we review the debate on the second issue and demonstrate the role that the properties of episodic memory have played in the attribution of personhood in the philosophical tradition, along with more deflated conceptions of these capacities, understood as a psychological unity or continuity. The final section argues that these contemporary conceptions, which link certain features of memory to psychological unity, allow for the attribution of personhood to nonhuman animals.

Resumen A partir de una metodología filosófica naturalista, el presente artículo propone dos rasgos de la memoria episódica que resultan relevantes para pensar algunos tópicos de la ética animal: (1) el carácter reconstructivo de eventos pasados cargados afectivamente y (2) el carácter narrativo y la conciencia autonoética de la memoria episódica. Respecto del primero, se reseña brevemente el debate actual en torno a la evidencia de que algunos animales presentan experiencias impulsadas internamente con valencia hedónica y padecen trastorno de estrés postraumático. Luego, se exploran algunas consecuencias que tendría esta propiedad a la hora de considerar el bienestar de los animales en sistemas de producción intensivos. A continuación, se reseña el debate vinculado con el segundo rasgo y se evidencia el rol que estas propiedades de la memoria episódica han cumplido en la atribución del carácter de persona en la tradición filosófica, junto a las concepciones más deflacionadas de estas capacidades, entendida como unidad o continuidad psicológica. En la última sección se argumenta que estas concepciones contemporáneas, que vinculan ciertas notas de la memoria con la unidad psicológica, permiten atribuir el carácter personal a animales no humanos.

Abstract Introduction: Even though only a few species are considered to be dangerous, pests or vectors, the majority of invertebrates produce a feeling of aversion in humans. This has contributed to the delay in the development of ethical considerations as regards this group in contrast with vertebrates, with the exception of cephalopods. Objective: In the present study, we provide an overview of the current situation on animal ethics and welfare in order to contribute to the development of a framework for ensuring invertebrate welfare. Methods: Today, animal welfare is multidisciplinary in nature to a very high degree as it includes ethology, physiology, pathology, biochemistry, genetics, immunology, nutrition, cognitive-neural, veterinary medicine, and ethics. Animal welfare is a complex concept, difficult to achieve successfully from one perspective. Results: As a consequence, we propose to include the five domains (nutrition, environment, health, behaviour and mental state) along with the three conceptions (basic health and functioning, affective state and natural living), as well as the 5R Principle (Replace, Reduction, Refinement, Respect and Responsibility) in seeking to achieve a comprehensive welfare state. Conclusions: We consider that in both research and animal production, the individual and collective ethical concerns coexist and, in fact, the main moral concern to account for is the collective one and that, within that collective view, the individual moral concern should be applied with responsibility and respect for the individual. Finally, we propose a practical example of invertebrate welfare production in sea urchin aquaculture with the aim of including animal production of invertebrates in this important discussion.

Resumen Introducción: Aunque sólo unas pocas especies son consideradas peligrosas, plagas o vectores, la mayoría de los invertebrados producen un sentimiento de aversión en el ser humano. Esto ha contribuido al retraso en el desarrollo de consideraciones éticas respecto a este grupo en comparación con los vertebrados, a excepción de los cefalópodos. Objetivo: En el presente trabajo, proporcionamos una visión general de la situación actual en materia de ética y bienestar animal con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo de un marco para garantizar el bienestar de los invertebrados. Métodos: Hoy en día, el bienestar animal es de naturaleza multidisciplinaria en un grado muy alto, ya que incluye etología, fisiología, patología, bioquímica, genética, inmunología, nutrición, cognitivo-neural, medicina veterinaria y ética. El bienestar animal es un concepto complejo, difícil de lograr con éxito desde una sola perspectiva. Resultados: Como consecuencia, proponemos incluir los cinco dominios (nutrición, ambiente, salud, comportamiento y estado mental) junto con las tres concepciones (Salud básica y funcionamiento, estado afectivo y vida natural), así como el Principio 5R (Reemplazar, Reducir, Refinar, Respetar y Responsabilidad) en la búsqueda de alcanzar un estado de bienestar integral. Conclusiones: Consideramos que tanto en la investigación como en la producción animal coexisten las preocupaciones éticas individuales y colectivas y, de hecho, la principal preocupación moral a dar cuenta es la colectiva y que, dentro de esa visión colectiva, se debe aplicar la preocupación moral individual. con responsabilidad y respeto por la persona. Finalmente, proponemos un ejemplo práctico de producción de bienestar de invertebrados en la acuicultura de erizos de mar con el objetivo de incluir la producción animal de invertebrados en esta importante discusión.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the hydric status and serum cortisol concentration in horses during two cultural horseback rides in the municipalities of Granada and Acacías in the department of Meta (Colombia). For this, 88 animals were selected at convenience (44 per ride), taking blood samples 1 h before starting the ride (T0) and 15 min after finishing the ride (T1). In addition, a clinical examination was conducted to determine their hydric status (humidity of the mucous membranes, capillary refill time, skin turgor and eyeball retraction). In the blood test, micro haematocrit, total serum proteins and cortisol concentration were determined. The results of the variables between the two times were compared with the Shapiro Wilks and Wilcoxon tests. The Spearman test determined the correlations between age and sex with serum cortisol. There were no significant differences between the hydric status and the times evaluated; however, micro haematocrit, total serum proteins and cortisol presented lower values at T0 (p<0.001). On the other hand, no significant correlations were found between serum cortisol concentration with age and sex. The results suggest that cultural horseback riding is a stressful activity for the animal, determined by the significant increase in serum cortisol, with a tendency toward haemoconcentration that emphasizes the importance of correct hydration of horses before, during and after these events.

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar el estatus hídrico y la concentración de cortisol sérico en equinos durante dos cabalgatas culturales en los municipios de Granada y Acacías del departamento del Meta (Colombia). Se seleccionaron 88 animales a conveniencia (44 por cabalgata), tomando muestras de sangre 1 h antes de iniciar la cabalgata (T0) y 15 min después de terminar la cabalgata (T1), además de un examen clínico para determinar su estatus hídrico (humedad de las mucosas, tiempo de llenado capilar, turgencia de la piel y la retracción del globo ocular). En el análisis de sangre se determinó el micro hematocrito, proteínas séricas totales y concentración de cortisol. Los resultados de las variables entre los dos tiempos se compararon con las pruebas de Shapiro Wilks y de Wilcoxon. La prueba de Spearman determinó las correlaciones entre edad y sexo con el cortisol sérico. No hubo diferencias significativas entre el estatus hídrico con los tiempos evaluados; sin embargo, el micro hematocrito, proteínas séricas totales y cortisol presentaron valores menores en T0 (p<0.001). Por otro lado, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la concentración sérica de cortisol con la edad y el sexo. Los resultados sugieren que las cabalgatas culturales son una actividad estresante para el animal, determinada por el incremento significativo de cortisol sérico, habiendo una tendencia a la hemoconcentración que recalca la importancia de la correcta hidratación de los equinos antes, durante y después de estos eventos de exigencia física.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the ownership of pets and knowledge of zoonoses among residents in the district of Bambamarca - Cajamarca, Peru, in 2022. In total, 394 surveys were carried out, 30.5% in the urban area (Bambamarca city) and 69.5% in the rural area (Llaucán, San Juan de Lacamaca, Chala and El Tuco). Of those surveyed, 54.8% were female, 20.8% had completed secondary school and the average age was 39.9 years. Besides, 58.4 and 35.5% of interviewees claimed to own dogs and cats, respectively. The person: dog ratio was 4:1 and person: cat was 6.7: 1; 45.2% of dog owners raised them as pets and 45% of cat owners raised them as rodent pest controllers; 67.9% of the dogs were males and 50.5% of the cats were females. The rate of sterilized animals was less than 4% in both species. In the case of dogs, 54.1% walked without restriction and 31.7% of cats were classified as «outdoor»; 50.3% of dog owners and 69.5% of cat owners mentioned performing internal deworming, and 45 and 61.5%, respectively, performed external deworming on a regular basis (at least every 3 months). Moreover, 58% of dogs and 12.8% of cats were reported to have been vaccinated against rabies in the last year. Ignorance of the meaning of the term zoonosis reached 95.4% of those surveyed; however, 90.4% said they knew that animals could transmit diseases to people, the most recognized being rabies (69.8%). It is concluded that it is necessary to develop health education campaigns so that pet owners develop responsible ownership and thus avoid negative impacts on public health and animal welfare.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la tenencia de animales de compañía y los conocimientos de zoonosis entre pobladores en el distrito de Bambamarca - Cajamarca, Perú, en 2022. Se realizaron 394 encuestas, siendo 30.5% en la zona urbana (Bambamarca ciudad) y 69.5% en la zona rural (Llaucán, San Juan de Lacamaca, Chala y El Tuco). De los encuestados, 54.8% fueron mujeres, 20.8% contaban con secundaria completa y la edad promedio fue de 39.9 años. El 58.4 y 35.5% de entrevistados aseguraron poseer perros y gatos, respectivamente. La relación persona: perro fue 4:1 y persona: gato de 6.7: 1. El 45.2% de poseedores de canes lo criaban como mascota y el 45% de poseedores de gatos los criaban como controladores de plaga de roedores. El 67.9% de los perros fueron machos y 50.5% de los gatos fueron hembras. La tasa de animales esterilizados fue menor al 4% en ambas especies. En caso de los perros, 54.1% paseaban sin restricción y 31.7% de los gatos se clasificaron como «outdoor». El 50.3% de tenedores de perros y 69.5% de tenedores de gatos mencionaron realizar desparasitaciones internas, y 45 y 61.5%, respectivamente, desparasitaban externamente de manera regular (al menos cada 3 meses). El 58% de perros y el 12.8% de gatos fueron reportados como vacunados contra la rabia el último año. El desconocimiento del significado del término zoonosis alcanzó al 95.4% de los encuestados; sin embargo, el 90.4% afirmó conocer que los animales podrían transmitir enfermedades a las personas, siendo la más reconocida la rabia (69.8%). Se concluye que es necesario desarrollar campañas de educación sanitaria a fin de que los propietarios de animales de compañía desarrollen una tenencia responsable y evitar de esta forma impactos negativos sobre la salud pública y el bienestar animal.

Abstract Among the different handling techniques in aquaculture, the use of anesthetics has had a growing interest focused on guaranteeing animal welfare, and reducing possible stress situations during general handling. The aim of this study was to present the use of eugenol and lidocaine with non-invasive anesthesia procedures in Dormitator latifrons, in which the different stages of anesthesia (induction and recovery) were determined. One hundred and twenty healthy fish of average weight of 73.59 ± 13.53 g and standard length of 17 ± 1.36 cm were used. The experimental fish were subjected to fasting for 24 h prior to the tests. Five fish were subjected to eugenol (25, 50, 100, and 200 µL/L), and lidocaine (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L), in triplicate. The time to reach deep and recovery anesthesia were recorded and the data analyzed using ANOVA (α= 0.05). Organisms exposed to anesthetics evidenced early episodes of fast, short-distance swimming (initial hyperactivity) for short periods of time. Survival was 100% with both compounds and concentrations. Fish exposed to a eugenol concentration of 200 µL/L had longer anesthesia times and took longer time to recover (P<0.05). The most effective concentrations for eugenol and lidocaine were of 200 µL/L and 400 µL/L in juvenile fish, promoting rapid inductions, without compromising the conditions for the recovery of the fish. This work provides practical information for handling and transportation D. latiforns with the least possible stress and ensuring animal welfare. aquaculture welfare noninvasive non invasive latifrons induction determined 7359 73 59 73.5 1353 13 53 13.5 1 136 36 1.3 used 2 tests 25, 25 (25 50 100 20 µL/L, µLL , µL L µL/L) (100 300 40 mg/L, mgL mg/L mg mg/L) triplicate α= α (α 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) fast shortdistance distance initial hyperactivity P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 (P<0.05) inductions D 735 7 5 73. 135 13. 3 1. (2 10 (10 30 4 00 0.0 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 ( (1 0. P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P

Resumo Dentre as diferentes técnicas de manejo na aquicultura, o uso de anestésicos tem despertado interesse crescente voltado para a garantia do bem-estar animal, reduzindo possíveis situações de estresse durante o manejo geral. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar o uso de eugenol e lidocaína com procedimentos anestésicos não invasivos em Dormitator latifrons, nos quais foram determinadas as diferentes etapas da anestesia (indução e recuperação). Foram utilizados 120 peixes saudáveis, com peso médio de 73,59 ± 13,53 g e 17 ± 1,36 cm de comprimento, em jejum de 24 horas antes dos testes. Cinco peixes foram submetidos a eugenol (25, 50, 100 e 200 µL/L) e lidocaína (100, 200, 300 e 400 mg/L), em triplicata. O tempo para atingir a anestesia profunda e de recuperação foi registrado, os dados foram analisados com ANOVA (α= 0,05). Organismos expostos a anestésicos evidenciaram episódios precoces de nado rápido de curta distância (hiperatividade inicial) por curtos períodos de tempo. A sobrevivência atinge 100% com ambos compostos e concentrações. Peixes expostos a uma concentração de eugenol de 200 µL/L tiveram tempos de anestesia mais longos e demoraram mais para se recuperar (P<0,05). As concentrações mais efetivas para eugenol e lidocaína foram de 200 µL/L e 400 µL/L em peixes juvenis, promovendo induções rápidas, sem comprometer as condições de recuperação dos peixes. Este trabalho fornece informações práticas para o manejo e transporte de D. latifrons com o mínimo de estresse possível e garantindo o bem-estar animal. aquicultura bemestar bem estar animal geral indução recuperação. . recuperação) 12 saudáveis 7359 73 59 73,5 1353 13 53 13,5 1 136 36 1,3 comprimento 2 testes 25, 25 (25 50 10 20 µLL µL L 100, (100 30 40 mg/L, mgL mg/L , mg mg/L) triplicata registrado α= α (α 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) hiperatividade inicial P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 (P<0,05) juvenis rápidas D 735 7 5 73, 135 13, 3 1, (2 (10 4 00 0,0 P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 ( (1 0, P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P<0 (P<0, P< (P<0 (P< (P

ABSTRACT: Rats and mice are the most used experimental models in research. Globally, animal houses are subjected to parasite outbreaks. In Brazil, the parasitological profile is used to reflect the sanitary condition of laboratory animals and must be monitored frequently. The present study developed an integrative review of scientific studies on the parasitological profile of rats and mice in animal facilities in Brazil. It identified the most prevalent parasite species reported in animal facilities from different geographic regions of the country, as well as factors contributing to the perpetuation of these parasites, and proposed measures to help prevent such infections. Based on the guiding question “which endoparasites and ectoparasites have already been identified in rat and mouse colonies in animal facilities in Brazil?” and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 studies published between 1974 and 2021 were selected in four scientific bases. These studies covered facilities in 12 Brazilian States, describing 16 genera of parasites in mice and 18 in rats. Most of the facilities in the selected studies were of the conventional type and with few sanitary barriers, and these conditions may favor the recurrence of parasites. Efforts are, therefore, necessary for institutions to have animal facilities in accordance with the legislation and practice optimal methodologies. The measures proposed in this article can contribute to change the panorama of parasites in the national animal facilities, aiming to safeguard the quality of scientific data and animal welfare. ABSTRACT research Globally outbreaks Brazil frequently country infections which Brazil? criteria 2 197 202 bases 1 States barriers therefore methodologies welfare 19 20

RESUMO: Ratos e camundongos são os modelos experimentais mais utilizados em pesquisa. Globalmente, as instalações de animais estão sujeitas a surtos de parasitas. No Brasil, o perfil parasitológico é utilizado para refletir a condição sanitária dos animais de laboratório e deve ser monitorado frequentemente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma revisão integrativa de estudos científicos sobre o perfil parasitológico de ratos e camundongos em biotérios no Brasil. A revisão identifica as espécies parasitárias mais prevalentes relatadas em biotérios de diferentes regiões geográficas do país, bem como os fatores que contribuem para a perpetuação desses parasitas, e propõe medidas para ajudar a prevenir tais infecções. Com base na questão norteadora “quais endoparasitas e ectoparasitas já foram identificados em colônias de ratos e camundongos em biotérios no Brasil?” e considerando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 28 estudos publicados entre 1974 e 2021 em quatro bases científicas. Esses estudos abrangeram instalações em 12 estados brasileiros, descrevendo 16 gêneros de parasitas em camundongos e 18 em ratos. A maioria das instalações dos estudos selecionados era do tipo convencional e com poucas barreiras sanitárias, e essas condições podem favorecer a recorrência de parasitas. Portanto, esforços são necessários para que as instituições tenham biotérios de acordo com a legislação e pratiquem metodologias otimizadas. As medidas propostas neste artigo podem contribuir para mudar o panorama das parasitoses nos biotérios nacionais, visando salvaguardar a qualidade dos dados científicos e o bem-estar animal. RESUMO pesquisa Globalmente Brasil frequentemente país infecções quais Brasil? exclusão 2 197 202 científicas 1 brasileiros sanitárias Portanto otimizadas nacionais bemestar estar animal 19 20

ABSTRACT: European market regulates that poultry electronarcosis stunning in abattoirs must be performed with a minimal required current (mA per animal) and correlative frequency (Hz), to promote animal welfare and meat quality. In this way, Brazilian abattoirs must adjust the stunning parameters so that they can meet the requirements of that market. This study evaluated the effect of stunning parameters using frequency and duty cycle variables. For this, nine treatments were performed, whose results showed that the analyzed frequencies (700, 1100, and 1500 Hz) had a higher incidence of indicators of animal welfare (AW). Thus, stunning had low efficiency in AW terms. However, the 25% and 40% duty cycles had the best stunning efficiency. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) for pH 24 h, bruises, and drip loss. Color and pH 2 h were significantly affected (P < 0.05). The shear force was higher in birds subjected to higher frequencies and interaction between 1500 Hz and 15% and 25% duty cycles. Water-holding capacity was lower at 1100 Hz and in the 25% duty cycle interactions. The treatments affected the evaluated indicators, except for the 40% duty cycle, which had a positive influence. Therefore, the duty cycle applicability must be elucidated due to its direct influence on stunning efficiency. ABSTRACT mA Hz, , (Hz) quality way variables 700, 700 (700 150 AW. . (AW) Thus terms However 25 40 P 0.05 005 0 05 bruises loss 0.05. 15 Waterholding Water holding 110 interactions Therefore (Hz 70 (70 (AW 4 0.0 00 1 11 7 (7 0. (

RESUMO: O mercado europeu regulamenta que a insensibilização de aves por eletronarcose nos abatedouros deva acontecer com uma corrente mínima necessária (mA por animal) e frequência correlata (Hz), com corrente e frequência alta. O intuito é promover o bem estar animal e qualidade de carne. Desta forma, os abatedouros brasileiros devem ajustar os parâmetros de insensibilização para que possam atender este mercado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos parâmetros de insensibilização usando as variáveis frequência e duty cycle. Foram realizados nove ensaios. Os resultados demostraram que as frequências avaliadas (700 Hz, 1100 Hz e 1500 Hz) apresentaram maior incidência nos indicadores de Bem Estar Animal (BEA). Assim, houve baixa eficiência na insensibilização das aves para este fator. Entretanto, o duty cycle 25% e 40% promoveu a melhor eficiência na insensibilização das aves. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P > 0,05) para pH 24h, hematomas e a perda por gotejamento. A cor e o pH 2h foram afetados significativamente (P < 0,05) nos ensaios avaliados. A força de cisalhamento foi maior nas frequências mais altas e na interação da frequência de 1500 Hz com o duty cycle de 15% e 25% A capacidade de retenção de água foi menor na frequência de 1100 Hz, e na interação duty cycle 25%. Os ensaios estudados apresentaram comprometimento dos indicadores avaliados, exceto a variável duty cycle a 40%, que demonstrou influência positiva nos indicadores avaliados. Portanto, a aplicabilidade do duty cycle deve ser elucidada devido a sua influência direta na eficiência da insensibilização. RESUMO mA , (Hz) alta carne forma 700 (70 110 150 BEA. BEA . (BEA) Assim fator Entretanto 25 40 P 0,05 005 0 05 24h h gotejamento avaliados 15 Portanto (Hz 70 (7 11 (BEA 2 4 0,0 00 1 7 ( 0,

ABSTRACT Enthalpy is currently suggested as a suitable index for assessing the internal environment of poultry production, primarily dependents on air temperature and relative air humidity. This study aimed to analyze enthalpy in bird production in Londrina, located in the northern region of Paraná, Brazil, and to model the comfort enthalpy required for enhanced production efficiency. Data from 1961 to 2021 from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil, were utilized to compare the thermal comfort conditions and critical limits set for the birds. The meteorological data from this period were scrutinized to understand their variations and interrelationship through a descriptive study and correlation analysis of different parameters. The research findings, based on the enthalpy indices derive historical averages, suggest that heating is crucial for birds during the first and second weeks of housing, during the winter, given the location’s low temperatures. For birds housed during the third to sixth weeks of age, the enthalpy indices indicated the necessity of cooling systems. humidity Londrina Paraná Brazil efficiency 196 202 INMET, INMET , (INMET) Brasília District parameters findings averages housing winter locations location s temperatures age systems 19 20 (INMET 1 2

RESUMO A entalpia tem sido proposta atualmente como um índice adequado para a avaliação do ambiente interno de galpões de frangos de corte, pois depende basicamente da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar. Dessa forma, objetivou-se analisar a entalpia como índice de conforto térmico na produção de aves para o município de Londrina, Paraná, e modelar a entalpia aos índices de conforto térmico que proporcionam eficiência na produção. Para o estudo, utilizaram-se dados de 1961 a 2021 do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), de Brasília, Distrito Federal. Os dados meteorológicos desse período foram analisados para conhecer suas variações e as relações entre eles, através de um estudo descritivo e de correlação entre diferentes parâmetros, para comparar as condições de conforto térmico e os limites críticos estabelecidos para as aves. Com base nos resultados desta pesquisa, considerando os índices de entalpia obtidos através de médias históricas, pode-se concluir que a utilização de aquecimento para as aves na primeira e segunda semanas de alojamento, no período de inverno, considerando o local estudado, é imprescindível, devido às baixas temperaturas registadas. Para aves alojadas na terceira, quarta, quinta e sexta semana de idade, considerando os índices de entalpia, pode-se concluir que é necessária a utilização de sistemas de resfriamento para as aves. corte ar forma objetivouse objetivou se Londrina Paraná utilizaramse utilizaram 196 202 INMET, INMET , (INMET) Brasília Federal eles parâmetros pesquisa históricas podese pode alojamento inverno estudado imprescindível registadas terceira quarta idade 19 20 (INMET 1 2

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures established by governments to protect populations have caused significant harm to humanity, not only regarding public health but also in terms of economic and social welfare. This study aims to assess the health status and behavior of pets during the total lockdown period in Algeria from March to June 2020. An online questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was published. A total of 200 pet owners across various departments participated. The lockdown had a negative impact on the physical health of 19.5% of individuals, with weight gain, allergies, and diabetes being predominant (51.8%, 27.7%, and 20.5%, respectively). 38.5% of cases report behavioral disorders, with hyper attachment, aggressiveness, and disobedience being predominant (47.3%, 27.6%, and 18.4%, respectively). The study helped estimate the negative impact of the lockdown on the physical and psychological health of animals. This information will aid in preventing similar damage in case of future pandemics or epidemics. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 humanity welfare 2020 2 published participated 195 5 19.5 individuals gain allergies 51.8%, 518 51 8 (51.8% 277 27 7 27.7% 205 20.5% respectively. respectively . respectively) 385 38 38.5 disorders attachment aggressiveness 47.3%, 473 47 3 (47.3% 276 6 27.6% 184 18 4 18.4% animals epidemics COVID1 1 COVID- 202 19. 51.8% (51.8 27.7 20.5 38. 47.3% (47.3 27.6 18.4 51.8 (51. 27. 20. 47.3 (47. 18. 51. (51 47. (47 (5 (4 (

RESUMO A pandemia de COVID-19 e as medidas estabelecidas pelos governos para proteger as populações causaram danos significativos à humanidade, não apenas em relação à saúde pública, mas também em termos de bem-estar econômico e social. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o estado de saúde e o comportamento dos animais de estimação durante o período de lockdown total na Argélia, de março a junho de 2020. Foi publicado um questionário on-line composto por 20 perguntas. Um total de 200 proprietários de animais de estimação de vários departamentos participaram. O confinamento teve um impacto negativo na saúde física de 19,5% dos indivíduos, com predominância de ganho de peso, alergias e diabetes (51,8%, 27,7% e 20,5%, respectivamente). 38,5% dos casos relatam distúrbios comportamentais, com predominância de hiperapego, agressividade e desobediência (47,3%, 27,6% e 18,4%, respectivamente). O estudo ajudou a estimar o impacto negativo do lockdown na saúde física e psicológica dos animais. Essas informações ajudarão a evitar danos semelhantes em caso de futuras pandemias ou epidemias. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 humanidade pública bemestar bem estar social Argélia 2020 online on line 2 perguntas participaram 195 5 19,5 indivíduos peso 51,8%, 518 51 8 (51,8% 277 27 7 27,7 205 20,5% respectivamente. respectivamente . respectivamente) 385 38 38,5 comportamentais hiperapego 47,3%, 473 47 3 (47,3% 276 6 27,6 184 18 4 18,4% epidemias COVID1 1 COVID- 202 19, 51,8% (51,8 27, 20,5 38, 47,3% (47,3 18,4 51,8 (51, 20, 47,3 (47, 18, 51, (51 47, (47 (5 (4 (

ABSTRACT: Dental abscess in ruminants is an acute polymicrobial infection, usually resulting from periodontal disease or endodontic infection, with consequences for animal health and welfare. The present study aimed to describe the bacterial microbiota of dental abscesses in Blastocerus dichotomus. Biological material from mandibular dental abscesses, punctured with a sterile syringe and needle during routine veterinary curative procedures or necropsies, was collected from three ex-situ marsh deer. Bacteria were identified using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The three specimens had the presence of facial bulging, and two died because of severe emaciation with a history of progressive weight loss. Bacteroides (38.6%), Fusobacterium (36.65%), and Porphyromonas (7.49%) represented the most abundant genera and Fusobacterium necrophorum (35.69%), Porphyromonas levii (3.12%) and Porphyromonas gulae (1.78%) were among the ten most represented species in the microbiota of mandibular abscess in Blastocerus dichotomus. These molecular findings demonstrate a broader diversity of species in the polymicrobial nature of dental abscesses in B. dichotomus than was previously reported when culture-dependent methods were used in the diagnosis. ABSTRACT infection welfare necropsies exsitu ex situ deer highthroughput high throughput S gene bulging loss 38.6%, 386 38.6% , 38 6 (38.6%) 36.65%, 3665 36.65% 36 65 (36.65%) 7.49% 749 7 49 (7.49% 35.69%, 3569 35.69% 35 69 (35.69%) 3.12% 312 3 12 (3.12% 1.78% 178 1 78 (1.78% B culturedependent culture dependent diagnosis 38.6 (38.6% 366 36.65 (36.65% 7.49 74 4 (7.49 356 35.69 (35.69% 3.12 31 (3.12 1.78 17 (1.78 38. (38.6 36.6 (36.65 7.4 (7.4 35.6 (35.69 3.1 (3.1 1.7 (1.7 (38. 36. (36.6 7. (7. 35. (35.6 3. (3. 1. (1. (38 (36. (7 (35. (3 (1 (36 ( (35

RESUMO: O abcesso dentário em ruminantes é uma infeção polimicrobiana aguda, geralmente resultante de doença periodontal ou infeção endodôntica, com consequências para a saúde e bem-estar animal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever a microbiota bacteriana de abscessos dentários em Blastocerus dichotomus. Material biológico de abscessos dentários mandibulares, puncionados com seringa e agulha estéril durante procedimentos curativos veterinários de rotina ou necropsias, foi coletado de três cervos do pantanal criados ex situ. As bactérias foram identificadas usando sequenciamento de alto rendimento do gene 16S ribossomal RNA. Os três espécimes apresentavam abaulamento facial e dois faleceram por emagrecimento severo com histórico de emagrecimento progressivo. Bacteroides (38,6%), Fusobacterium (36,65%) e Porphyromonas (7,49%) representaram os gêneros mais abundantes e Fusobacterium necrophorum (35,69%), Porphyromonas levii (3,12%) e Porphyromonas gulae (1,78%) estavam entre as dez espécies mais representadas na microbiota do abscesso mandibular em Blastocerus dichotomus. Esses achados moleculares demonstram uma diversidade mais ampla de espécies na natureza polimicrobiana dos abscessos dentários em B. dichotomus, do que o relatado anteriormente quando métodos dependentes de cultura foram utilizados no diagnóstico. RESUMO aguda endodôntica bemestar bem estar animal dichotomus mandibulares necropsias situ S RNA progressivo 38,6%, 386 38,6% , 38 6 (38,6%) 36,65% 3665 36 65 (36,65% 7,49% 749 7 49 (7,49% 35,69%, 3569 35,69% 35 69 (35,69%) 3,12% 312 3 12 (3,12% 1,78% 178 1 78 (1,78% B diagnóstico 38,6 (38,6% 36,65 366 (36,65 7,49 74 4 (7,49 356 35,69 (35,69% 3,12 31 (3,12 1,78 17 (1,78 38, (38,6 36,6 (36,6 7,4 (7,4 35,6 (35,69 3,1 (3,1 1,7 (1,7 (38, 36, (36, 7, (7, 35, (35,6 3, (3, 1, (1, (38 (36 (7 (35, (3 (1 ( (35

Abstract The present study aimed to suggest the replacement of animal blood with human blood in culture media, involving alternative methods and ethical considerations, such as animal welfare, in addition to potential laboratory cost reduction. Characteristics of growth and hemolysis development were compared in different culture media, using both sheep blood and human blood. Blood types from the ABO blood group system were tested, and commercially acquired sheep blood agar was used for comparison. Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli were tested. It was observed that growth in media with type A and O positive blood showed closer similarities to those performed in agar with sheep blood. Depending on the bacterial species, the results were either more positive or not, with faster-growing and less demanding bacteria showing better results than, for example, S. pneumoniae, which demonstrated difficulty in the growth process and hemolysis generation in human blood agar. The research suggests that in some situations, sheep blood could be replaced, especially when the goal is growth and isolation, but may not be as suitable when the objective is to analyze hemolysis or when the studied species is demanding. considerations welfare reduction tested comparison spp spp. aureus faecalis fastergrowing faster growing than example S pneumoniae situations replaced isolation

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever os efeitos da estabulação sobre características termográficas dos membros de equinos adultos, para comparar o nível de bem-estar entre cavalos mantidos soltos e aqueles sob estabulação contínua e para investigar se a Termografia Infravermelha (TIV) pode ser uma ferramenta efetiva na avaliação do bem-estar em equinos. 24 cavalos machos castrados da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo, com idade entre 5 e 9 anos e peso de 500 ± 50kg foram utilizados em um experimento de 6 semanas de duração. Os animais foram divididos em 2 grupos: 1) Pasto - animais mantidos em piquetes e utilizados exclusivamente em patrulhas urbanas; 2) Baia - animais utilizados exclusivamente em patrulhas urbanas, mas mantidos em estabulação contínua, em cocheiras de 12m² de concreto sem cama. Todos os animais foram avaliados uma vez por semana durante 6 semanas. O comportamento animal, a temperatura dos olhos e extremidades distais bem como amostras de sangue, foram colhidos. Os cavalos estabulados apresentaram comportamento estereotipado e maior concentração sérica de cortisol, indicando menor grau de bem-estar quando comparados aos animais manejados soltos em piquetes. A termografia dos membros apresentou potencial para identificar estresse crônico em cavalos uma vez que a análise discriminante mostrou 74,5% de acerto preditivo enquanto a temperatura máxima do olho não foi eficiente para esse propósito. adultos bemestar estar TIV (TIV Hipismo 50 kg duração grupos 1 urbanas m 12m cama animal sangue colhidos cortisol 745 74 74,5 propósito 7 74,

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe the effects of stabling on thermographic characteristics of adult equine limbs, to compare the level of animal welfare between horses kept loose and those under continuous stabling and to investigate whether the Infrared Thermography (IRT) can be an effective tool to evaluate the welfare of equines. 24 gelding horses of Brazilian Sport Horse breed, aged between 5 and 9 years and weighing 500 ± 50kg were used in a 6-week trial. They were divided into 2 groups: 1) Paddock - equines kept in paddocks and ridden exclusively on urban patrol; 2) Stall - animals that ridden exclusively on urban patrol, but were kept in continuous stabling, housed in 12m² with concrete and bedless stables. Every animal was evaluated once a week over six weeks. Animal behavior and temperature of the eyes and distal extremities of the limbs as well as blood samples were collected. The confined horses showed stereotyped behavior and higher serum cortisol, indicating lower animal welfare when compared to those managed in a pasture. Limb IRT showed predictive potential for identifying chronic stress as the discriminating analysis showed 74.5% hits while eye temperature was not efficient for this purpose. (IRT breed 50 kg 6week 6 trial groups 1 patrol m 12m stables weeks collected cortisol pasture 745 74 74.5 purpose 7 74.

ABSTRACT Improving natural ventilation during animal transportation is a promising approach for promoting animal well-being and reducing losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate in silico the efficiency of devices (airfoils and deflectors) used for cooling trailers during the transportation of pigs. Device performance was assessed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and 3D modeling of the enthalpy profile of a trailer, and adaptive mesh generation was employed to construct a computational mesh. Turbulence treatments were performed using RANS model and k-ω SST models. The results revealed that compared with the conditions observed in commercial transportation, the use of an airfoil increased the airflow and reduced the enthalpy within the assessed trailer (-5.4%). Likewise, the use of deflectors resulted in a reduction in enthalpy (-3.04%), although their use led to a translocation of the thermal core to the front region of the upper floor of the trailer. Nevertheless, the use deflectors has been proven to be more efficient when combined with an airfoil. In conclusion, the results obtained from our CFD simulations provide evidence to indicate that it is possible to optimize ventilation within transport containers using aerodynamic devices. wellbeing well being losses airfoils pigs (CFD D kω k ω models 5.4%. 54 5.4% . 5 4 (-5.4%) Likewise 3.04%, 304 3.04% , 3 04 (-3.04%) Nevertheless conclusion 5.4 (-5.4% 30 3.04 0 (-3.04% 5. (-5.4 3.0 (-3.04 (-5. 3. (-3.0 (-5 (-3. (- (-3 (