Resumen Tras los atentados terroristas del 9/11, se han implementado reformas a las leyes migratorias de Estados Unidos, lo que ha provocado deportaciones masivas de millones de mexicanos. En este artículo se busca identificar los riesgos y dificultades que particularmente enfrentan los expandilleros que han sido deportados a México tras llevar una conducta delictiva y vivir en las prisiones de Estados Unidos, y que actualmente buscan rehacer su vida en Guadalajara. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una serie de 35 encuestas, de las que se derivaron 31 casos que fueron objeto de estudio de este proyecto. El análisis de los resultados de las encuestas permitió comprender las principales dificultades que enfrentan los homies deportados para encontrar trabajo, reintegrarse a su familia y mantenerse alejados de las drogas y el alcohol.

ABSTRACT After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, reforms to U.S immigration laws have been implemented. This has resulted in massive deportations of millions of Mexicans. This article seeks to identify the risks and difficulties faced by former gang members deported to Mexico after engaging in criminal behavior and living in U.S prisons. And who are currently seeking to rebuild their lives in Guadalajara. For this purpose, a series of 35 surveys was carried out, from which 31 cases were derived that were the object of study of this project. The analysis of the survey results allowed to understand the main difficulties that deported homies face in finding work, reintegrating with their families, and staying away from drugs and alcohol.

Este texto tiene por objetivo construir un perfil de crímenes, de víctimas y perpetradores de homicidios contra personas LGBTI+ por medio del análisis de 33 documentos judiciales públicos entre los años 2000 y 2020; utilizando las categorías: a) crímenes: año de judicialización, clasificación penal, geografía, local de ocurrencia, uso de alcohol/drogas, causa de muerte y motivo atribuido; b) víctimas: sexo, edad, identidad sexual o de género y ocupación; c) victimarios: edad, sexo, ocupación, estado civil, residencia y organizaciones delincuenciales. El perfil obtenido muestra que las víctimas tenían 32 años en promedio, fueron identificadas como “hombres” y tanto identidades transfemeninas como homosexuales fueron los principales objetivos. En cuanto a los mayores locales de ocurrencia destacan las vías públicas de zonas urbanas. Además, se observa que existió mayoritariamente una participación colectiva, utilizando armas blancas y de fuego como método de asesinato. Y, respecto al motivo atribuido a los crímenes, predomina la homofobia en las Maras, teniendo 22 años en promedio los perpetradores, solteros, quienes se dedicaban, principalmente, al área de mecánica automotriz. crímenes LGBTI 3 200 2020 categorías judicialización penal geografía alcoholdrogas alcohol drogas alcohol/drogas b sexo edad ocupación c victimarios civil delincuenciales hombres “hombres objetivos urbanas Además colectiva asesinato Y Maras 2 solteros dedicaban principalmente automotriz 20 202

Este texto visa traçar um perfil dos crimes, vítimas e autores de homicídios contra pessoas LGBTI+, por meio da análise de 33 processos judiciais públicos entre os anos de 2000 e 2020; utilizando as categorias de a) crimes: ano do processo, classificação criminal, geografia, local de ocorrência, uso de álcool/drogas, causa da morte e motivo atribuído; b) vítimas: sexo, idade, identidade sexual ou de gênero e ocupação; c) agressores: idade, sexo, ocupação, estado civil, residência e organização criminosa. O perfil obtido mostra que as vítimas tinham em média 32 anos, foram identificadas como “homens” e tanto identidades transfemininas quanto homossexuais foram os principais objetivos. As vias públicas em áreas urbanas foram os locais de maiores ocorrência. Houve participação coletiva, usando armas brancas e de fogo como método de assassinato. O motivo atribuído aos crimes foi a homofobia nas Maras, sendo os autores do crime com idade de 22 anos em média, solteiros e dedicados à área de mecânica automotiva. LGBTI LGBTI+ 3 200 2020 processo criminal geografia ocorrência álcooldrogas álcool drogas álcool/drogas b sexo ocupação c agressores civil criminosa homens “homens objetivos coletiva assassinato Maras 2 automotiva 20 202

This text aims to build a profile of crimes, victims and perpetrators of homicides against LGBTI+ people, through the analysis of 33 public judicial documents between the years 2000 and 2020; using the categories of a) crimes: year of prosecution, criminal classification, geography, place of occurrence, use of alcohol/drugs, cause of death and attributed motive; b) victims: sex, age, sexual or gender identity and occupation; c) victimizers: age, sex, occupation, marital status, residence and criminal organizations. The profile obtained shows that the victims were 32 years old on average, they were men, both transfeminine and homosexual identities were the main albos. Public roads in urban areas were the main places of occurrence. There was mostly collective participation, using bladed and firearms as a method of murder. The main reason attributed was the homophobic of the Maras, the perpetrators being 22 years old, single and dedicated to the area of automotive mechanics. crimes LGBTI people 3 200 2020 prosecution classification geography occurrence alcoholdrugs alcohol drugs alcohol/drugs motive b sex age occupation c victimizers status organizations average men albos participation murder Maras 2 mechanics 20 202

Resumen La presión arterial media es un indicador indirecto del grado de perfusión orgánica, la cual podría variar en pacientes con y sin diabetes mellitus-2. El objetivo fue determinar las diferencias y riesgo de alteraciones en la presión arterial media de adultos con y sin diabetes mellitus-2 de la población peruana según datos de la encuesta demográfica de salud familiar. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal;. Los datos provinieron de la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar-2022 (ENDES-2022), se incluyó adultos diabéticos y no diabéticos. Las variables fueron: presión arterial media, diabetes mellitus-2, sexo y se incluyeron las variables: edad, consumo de alcohol, nivel educativo e índice de masa corporal para el análisis multivariado. Se realizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, la prueba T student para muestras independientes, Odds Ratio crudo y ajustado mediante regresión logística binaria. El promedio de presión arterial media en diabéticos fue de 94,81 y 93,52 mmHg en la primera y segunda medición y en no diabéticos de 89,18 y 88,02 mmHg. La presión arterial media alta fue más frecuente en diabéticos que en no diabéticos; En el modelo logístico, incluyendo las variables sexo y edad, los diabéticos tuvieron un riesgo 2 veces mayor que los no diabéticos de alteraciones en la presión arterial media tanto en la primera como en la segunda medición. En conclusión, la diabetes mellitus-2 incrementa la presión arterial media y representa un factor de riesgo para la elevación de la presión arterial media en la población peruana.

Abstract Mean arterial pressure is an indirect indicator of the degree of organ perfusion, which could vary in diabetics and non-diabetics. The objective of this research was to determine the differences and risk of alterations in the mean arterial pressure of adults with and without diabetes mellitus-2 of the Peruvian population according to data from the family health demographic survey. An observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out. The data came from the demographic and family health survey-2022 (ENDES-2022). Diabetic and non-diabetic adults were included. The variables were mean arterial pressure, diabetes mellitus-2, sex, and the variables age, alcohol consumption, educational level, and body mass index were included for multivariate analysis. Pearson's Chi-square test, student's T test for independent samples, crude Odds Ratio and adjusted by binary logistic regression were performed. The mean arterial pressure in diabetics was 94.81 and 93.52 mmHg in the first and second measurements, and in non-diabetics it was 89.18 and 88.02 mmHg. High mean arterial pressure was more frequent in diabetics than in non-diabetics. In the logistic model, including the variables sex and age, diabetics had a risk twice as high as non-diabetics for alterations in mean arterial pressure in both the first and second measurements. In conclusion, diabetes mellitus-2 increases mean arterial pressure and represents a risk factor for elevated mean arterial pressure in the Peruvian population.

Abstract Objective: To describe the changes in alcohol and drug use by Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic (April-August 2021), and to analyze the relationship between alcohol use changes and psychiatric symptomatology. Methods: A secondary analysis with a longitudinal approach was performed with data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial, conductedin73publicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian cities, to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug use prevention program. The sample included 535 students (61% girls; Mage = 15.2 years). Data were collected pre-intervention (February-March 2019), after 9 months (November-December 2019), and after 26 months (April-August 2021), when the students were in their first year of high school. The authors analyzed drug use prevalence (alcohol, binge drinking, tobacco, inhalants, marijuana, cocaine, and crack) in a lifetime, past year, and past month periods, and the association between alcohol use change subsamples with psychiatric symptoms. Logistic regressions were adjusted by sex, age, socioeconomic status, city, and group (control and intervention). Results: The present findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in past-year substance use and in past-month substance use frequency, despite the gradually increased (but decelerating) prevalence of lifetime use. However, some adolescents initiated, maintained, or increased the frequency of their alcohol use. Mainly, they were more likely to present behavioral problems, as well as symptoms of inattentive hyperactivity, and peer and emotional problems. Conclusions: Despite the extensive decline in substance use during the pandemic period, these results suggest an association between previous mental health conditions and behavioral risk factors, leading to increased alcohol consumption and behavioral disorders manifestations. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 AprilAugust April August 2021, 2021 , 2021) symptomatology Methods clusterrandomized cluster randomized trial conductedinpublicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian conductedin publicmiddleschoolsinthreeBrazilian cities program 53 61% 61 (61 girls 152 15 2 15. years. years . years) preintervention pre intervention FebruaryMarch February March 2019, 2019 2019) NovemberDecember November December school alcohol, (alcohol drinking tobacco inhalants marijuana cocaine crack periods sex age status city control intervention. intervention) Results pastyear pastmonth but decelerating However initiated maintained Mainly problems hyperactivity Conclusions period factors manifestations COVID1 1 COVID- 202 5 6 (6 201 20 (

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the impact of Dual Diagnosis on patient’s work capacity and verify if the professional activity sector matters. Dual Diagnosis is defined by the coexistence of an Addiction and another psychiatric disorder. Methodology All patients admitted for inpatient treatment at Alcohol and New Addiction’s Treatment Unit from Lisbon’s Psychiatric Hospital Center, for six months, between 1st November 2021 and 30th April 2022, were selected and screened for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (age, gender, education level, professional situation, and activity sector at admission as well as main admission diagnosis and other psychiatric comorbidities). Retrospective observative analysis focused on patient’s work capacity was conducted between patients who had been diagnosed with an Addiction Disorder and patients with Dual Diagnosis. Results Our sample had 78 patients and an average age of 51 years. From those, 31 had diagnosis of Addiction Disorder and 47 had Dual Diagnosis. Only 27% patients were still active at admission, with 15% being with temporary incapacity certificate, 41% being unemployed and 17% retired. A significant part of our sample worked in accommodation, transportation, and food services activities (29%), construction sector (19%) and in healthcare, education, and social work activities (17%). The unemployment rates between patients with an Addiction Disorder and Dual Diagnosis were similar. However, 39% of patients with an Addiction Disorder were active while only 19% with Dual Diagnosis were in the same state. Also of interest was that 34% of those with Dual Diagnosis worked in accommodation, transportation, and food services activities. Conclusions These results show that Dual Diagnosis may have a significant impact in the working capacity and suggest that there are important differences between professional activity sectors in patients with or without dual diagnosis.

RESUMO Objetivos Analisar o impacto da Patologia Dual na capacidade de trabalho e verificar se existe relevância com o setor de atividade profissional. A Patologia Dual define-se pela coexistência de uma Adição e de outra patologia psiquiátrica. Metodologia Todos os pacientes internados para tratamento na Unidade de Tratamento para Álcool e Novas Dependências do Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, durante seis meses, entre 1 de novembro de 2021 e 30 de abril de 2022, foram selecionados e avaliados quanto a características sociodemográficas e clínicas (idade, género, nível de educação, situação profissional e setor de atividade aquando da admissão, bem como diagnóstico principal à admissão e outras comorbilidades psiquiátricas). Realizada uma análise observacional retrospetiva focada na capacidade de trabalho dos doentes entre aqueles diagnosticados apenas com uma Adição (com ou sem uso de substância) e doentes com o diagnóstico de Patologia Dual. Resultados A amostra incluiu 78 pacientes com uma idade média de 51 anos. Destes, 31 foram diagnosticados com uma Adição e 47 com Patologia Dual. Apenas 27% dos pacientes estavam com uma situação profissional ativa aquando da admissão hospitalar, com 15% em situação de incapacidade temporária para o trabalho, 41% em situação de desemprego e 17% na reforma. As principais áreas de atividades presentes na amostra pertenciam a três setores, sendo que 29% dos pacientes trabalhava no setor da restauração, hotelaria, transportes e outros serviços de lazer, 19% no setor da construção e 17% no setor da saúde, educação e serviços sociais. As taxas de desemprego presentes entre pacientes diagnosticados com Adição foram semelhantes à dos pacientes diagnosticados com Patologia Dual. No entanto, 39% dos pacientes com Adição encontravam-se com uma situação profissional ativa, enquanto que apenas 19% dos diagnosticados com Patologia Dual estavam profissionalmente ativos. Observamos ainda que 34% dos pacientes com patologia dual trabalhavam no setor da restauração, hotelaria, transportes e outros serviços de lazer. Conclusões Os resultados demonstram que a Patologia Dual pode ter um impacto significativo na capacidade de trabalho da população e sugerem que existem diferenças importantes entre os setores de atividade profissional em pacientes com ou sem o diagnóstico de Patologia Dual, contudo, são necessários estudos mais alargados nesta área.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced access to food and increased food insecurity. The objectives were to analyse the prevalence of Food and Nutritional Insecurity (FNI) in Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic according to sociodemographic characteristics and to examine the association between FNI and risk and protective behaviours in Brazilian adolescents during the that period. Cross-sectional study with data from the ‘ConVid teenagers – Behaviour Survey,’ carried out between June and October 2020, using a self-administered questionnaire via mobile phone or computer. The population was made up of teenagers aged 12 to 17, totalling 9,470. The Prevalence Ratio (PR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were used, using Poisson regression with robust variance. The prevalence of FNI (26.1%) was higher among adolescents of black and mixed race/colour and who study in public schools. Adolescents who reported FNI had lower consumption of vegetables and fruits, less physical activity, and greater use of cigarettes and alcohol. FNI was more prevalent in adolescents with worse socioeconomic conditions, and adolescents with FNI showed a higher frequency of health risk behaviours, highlighting the importance of intersectoral public policies to reduce inequalities. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 insecurity (FNI period Crosssectional Cross sectional ConVid Survey, Survey 2020 selfadministered self administered computer 1 17 9470 9 470 9,470 PR (PR 95 (95 CI used variance 26.1% 261 26 (26.1% racecolour race colour schools fruits activity alcohol conditions inequalities COVID1 COVID- 202 947 47 9,47 (9 26.1 2 (26.1 20 94 4 9,4 ( 26. (26. 9, (26 (2

RESUMO A pandemia de covid-19 reduziu o acesso aos alimentos e aumentou a insegurança alimentar. Objetivouse analisar a prevalência de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional (IAN) em adolescentes brasileiros durante a pandemia de covid-19 segundo características sociodemográficas e examinar a associação entre IAN e comportamentos de risco e proteção em adolescentes brasileiros durante esse período. Estudo transversal com dados da ‘ConVid Adolescentes – Pesquisa de Comportamentos’, realizada entre junho e outubro de 2020, utilizando-se um questionário autoaplicado por meio de celular ou computador. A população foi adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos, totalizando 9.470. Utilizou-se a Razão de Prevalência (RP) e Intervalo de Confiança de 95% (IC95%), por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de IAN (26,1%) foi mais elevada entre os adolescentes da raça/cor preta e parda e que estudam em escola pública. Os adolescentes que relataram IAN tiveram menor consumo de hortaliças e frutas, menor prática de atividade física e maior uso de cigarros e álcool. A IAN foi mais prevalente em adolescentes com piores condições socioeconômicas, e, adolescentes com IAN apresentaram maior frequência de comportamentos de risco para a saúde evidenciando a importância de políticas públicas intersetoriais para a redução de desigualdades. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 alimentar (IAN período ConVid Comportamentos, Comportamentos , Comportamentos’ 2020 utilizandose utilizando se computador 1 anos 9470 9 470 9.470 Utilizouse Utilizou RP (RP 95 IC95%, IC95 IC IC95% (IC95%) robusta 26,1% 261 26 (26,1% raçacor raça cor pública frutas álcool socioeconômicas desigualdades covid1 covid- 202 947 47 9.47 IC9 (IC95% 26,1 2 (26,1 20 94 4 9.4 (IC95 26, (26, 9. (IC9 (26 (IC (2 (

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced access to food and increased food insecurity. The objectives were to analyse the prevalence of Food and Nutritional Insecurity (FNI) in Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic according to sociodemographic characteristics and to examine the association between FNI and risk and protective behaviours in Brazilian adolescents during the that period. Cross-sectional study with data from the ‘ConVid teenagers – Behaviour Survey,’ carried out between June and October 2020, using a self-administered questionnaire via mobile phone or computer. The population was made up of teenagers aged 12 to 17, totalling 9,470. The Prevalence Ratio (PR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were used, using Poisson regression with robust variance. The prevalence of FNI (26.1%) was higher among adolescents of black and mixed race/colour and who study in public schools. Adolescents who reported FNI had lower consumption of vegetables and fruits, less physical activity, and greater use of cigarettes and alcohol. FNI was more prevalent in adolescents with worse socioeconomic conditions, and adolescents with FNI showed a higher frequency of health risk behaviours, highlighting the importance of intersectoral public policies to reduce inequalities.

RESUMO A pandemia de covid-19 reduziu o acesso aos alimentos e aumentou a insegurança alimentar. Objetivouse analisar a prevalência de Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional (IAN) em adolescentes brasileiros durante a pandemia de covid-19 segundo características sociodemográficas e examinar a associação entre IAN e comportamentos de risco e proteção em adolescentes brasileiros durante esse período. Estudo transversal com dados da ‘ConVid Adolescentes – Pesquisa de Comportamentos’, realizada entre junho e outubro de 2020, utilizando-se um questionário autoaplicado por meio de celular ou computador. A população foi adolescentes de 12 a 17 anos, totalizando 9.470. Utilizou-se a Razão de Prevalência (RP) e Intervalo de Confiança de 95% (IC95%), por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de IAN (26,1%) foi mais elevada entre os adolescentes da raça/cor preta e parda e que estudam em escola pública. Os adolescentes que relataram IAN tiveram menor consumo de hortaliças e frutas, menor prática de atividade física e maior uso de cigarros e álcool. A IAN foi mais prevalente em adolescentes com piores condições socioeconômicas, e, adolescentes com IAN apresentaram maior frequência de comportamentos de risco para a saúde evidenciando a importância de políticas públicas intersetoriais para a redução de desigualdades.

Abstract Laryngeal cancer is the second most common neoplasm of the upper aero-digestive tract. The aim of this study is to epidemiologically characterize the patients with laryngeal cancer diagnosed and treated at our institution, as well as to carry out an analysis of their survival. A retrospective study was conducted which included 150 patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 62.8 ± 9.5 years, 145 of whom were male, 92.5% had smoking habits and 83.7% had alcohol habits. Patients with early stages at diagnosis (0, I and II) had a disease-related survival rate of 92% at 5 years compared to patients with advanced stages (III or IV), who had a survival rate of 58%. As expected, patient survival varied significantly between all the different prognostic groups defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (p<0.001). Our study shows that patients with laryngeal carcinoma diagnosed and treated at our center have an epidemiology and survival rate comparable to those reported in the literature.

Resumo O cancro da laringe é a segunda neoplasia mais comum do trato aero-digestivo superior. O objectivo deste trabalho é caracterizar epidemiologicamente os doentes com carcinoma da laringe tratados na nossa instituição e realizar uma análise da sua sobrevida. O estudo incluiu 150 doentes com uma idade média ao diagnóstico de 62,8±9,5 anos, dos quais 145 eram do sexo masculino, 92,5% apresentavam hábitos tabágicos e 83,7% apresentavam hábitos alcoólicos. Os doentes com estádios iniciais ao diagnóstico (0, I e II) obtiveram uma sobrevida relacionada com a doença de 92% aos 5 anos comparativamente aos doentes com estádios avançados (III ou IV), que obtiveram uma sobrevida de 58%. Como expectável, a sobrevida dos doentes variou significativamente entre os diferentes grupos prognósticos definidos pela American Joint Committee on Cancer (p<0,001). O nosso estudo mostra que os doentes com carcinoma da laringe tratados na nossa instituição apresentam epidemiologia e sobrevida comparáveis àquelas referidas na literatura.

Resumen Objetivo: comprobar si el seguimiento telefónico agrega efecto a la aplicación de Intervenciones Breves para el uso de alcohol entre las mujeres embarazadas. Metodología: se trata de un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado, abierto, paralelo, de dos brazos. Los datos fueron recolectados en la atención primaria de salud en São Carlos y el Centro de Referencia para la Salud de la Mujer en Ibaté (São Paulo, Brasil). Se realizó un seguimiento de las mujeres embarazadas que consumieron cualquier cantidad de alcohol durante el embarazo. Posteriormente, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. El grupo de control recibió solo una breve intervención; el grupo experimental recibió una intervención breve y fue monitoreado semanalmente por teléfono durante dos semanas después de la intervención. Se utilizó un programa estadístico para realizar estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales (Test de Wilcoxon). Resultados: Hubo una reducción en el consumo en ambos grupos. Sin embargo, solo en el grupo experimental en el que se implementó la intervención con seguimiento, hubo abstinencia en todo el grupo (AUDIT-C: p-valor=0,011; T-ACE: p-valor=0,010). Conclusiones: Las intervenciones breves asociadas al seguimiento telefónico durante el embarazo demostraron ser efectivas para detener el consumo de alcohol. El seguimiento continuo después de intervenciones breves mejora las tasas de abstinencia de alcohol. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos: RBR-4y4k7w.

Abstract Objective: to test whether telephone monitoring adds effect to the application of Brief Interventions for alcohol use among pregnant women. Methodology: this is a controlled and randomized clinical trial, open, parallel, with two arms. Data were collected in primary health care in São Carlos and Reference Center for Women's Health in Ibaté (São Paulo, Brazil). Pregnant women who consumed any amount of alcohol during pregnancy were tracked. Afterwards, they were randomly allocated into two groups. The control group received only a brief intervention; the experimental group received a brief intervention and were monitored weekly by telephone for two weeks after the intervention. A statistical program was used to perform descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon Test). Results: There was a reduction in consumption in both groups. However, only in the experimental group in which the intervention with monitoring was implemented, there was abstinence in the entire group (AUDIT-C: p-value=0.011; T-ACE: p-value=0.010). Conclusions: Brief interventions associated with telephone monitoring during pregnancy proved to be effective in stopping alcohol consumption. Continuous monitoring after brief interventions improves alcohol abstinence rates. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-4y4k7w.

Resumo Objetivo: testar se o monitoramento por telefone acrescenta efeito à aplicação de Intervenções Breves para o uso de álcool entre gestantes. Metodologia: trata-se de ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado, aberto, paralelo, com dois braços. Os dados foram coletados na atenção primária à saúde de São Carlos e Centro de Referência de Saúde da Mulher em Ibaté (São Paulo, Brasil). Foram rastreadas gestantes que consumiram qualquer quantidade de álcool na gestação. Após, foram alocadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos. O grupo controle recebeu apenas uma intervenção breve; o grupo experimental recebeu uma intervenção breve e foi monitorado semanalmente por telefone nas duas semanas posteriores à intervenção. Utilizou-se programa estatístico para realização de estatísticas descritivas e inferencial (Teste de Wilcoxon). Resultados: Houve redução do consumo nos dois grupos. Porém, apenas no grupo experimental em que foi implementado intervenção com monitoramento, houve abstinência de todo o grupo (AUDIT-C: p-valor=0,011; T-ACE: p-valor=0,010). Conclusões: Intervenções breves associadas a monitoramento telefônico durante a gestação se mostraram efetivas para a cessação do consumo de álcool. O monitoramento contínuo após intervenções breves melhora as taxas de abstinência de álcool. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: RBR-4y4k7w.

Resumen El cáncer gástrico es un proceso fatal cuyos factores de riesgo incluyen la infección por Helicobacter pylori, la anemia perniciosa, la ingesta de compuestos nitrosos, el abuso de alcohol, el tabaquismo y el sexo masculino. El seguimiento endoscópico ha definido la progresión histológica de lesiones premalignas a lesiones malignas. Sin embargo, los tumores gástricos exhiben diferentes y muy variadas variaciones histológicas, comportamientos clínicos y respuestas a tratamiento. Esta gran heterogeneidad intrapaciente e interpaciente ha obligado a la búsqueda de principios reguladores que gobiernen la evolución del cáncer gástrico. Los programas avanzados de bioinformática, la tecnología de microarreglos de ADN y la genómica funcional han ayudado a integrar la estructura, función y dinámica de moléculas biológicas expresadas o secretadas por las células epiteliales cancerosas que han modificado la clasificación del cáncer gástrico.

Abstract Gastric cancer is a fatal process whose risk factors include infection by Helicobacter pylori, pernicious anemia, nitroso compounds, alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, and male gender. Endoscopic surveillance has defined the histological progression of premalignant to malignant lesions. Nevertheless, gastric tumors exhibit distinct histologic variations, clinical behaviors, and treatment responses. This “intra and interpatient heterogeneity” has obliged us to search for key principles governing gastric cancer evolution. Advanced bioinformatics programs, DNA microarray technology, and functional genomics have helped to integrate the structure, function, and dynamics of biological molecules expressed or secreted by cancer epithelial cells that have modified the classification of gastric cancer.

Abstract Objectives To present observational studies investigating associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and health outcomes in childhood and adolescence. Data source Observational, cross-sectional, or longitudinal studies were considered, and identified in the Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed and Scielo databases, without date restrictions. Data synthesis The most frequent combinations of risk factors in children and adolescents involved an unhealthy diet, with regular consumption of ultra-processed foods to the detriment of a diet based on fresh or minimally-processed foods and insufficient levels of physical activity; records on alcohol and tobacco use were identified. Combined, these practices contribute to the findings that indicate an increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents and a sedentary lifestyle, with a decrease in physical activity, in addition to representing a risk for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and periodontal disease in childhood and adolescence. Conclusions The present study maps the current literature on the topic and indicates the direction of the approach for health promotion and prevention of NCDs in children and adolescents. Among the different risk factors that negatively affect the full development of this population, frequently eating breakfast and practicing physical activity is most strongly associated with a lower consumption of ultra-processed foods and should be part of an integrated approach to promoting eating practices that favor the reduction of diseases also in adult life. ultraprocessed ultra processed adolescence Observational crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional considered Scopus Science databases restrictions minimallyprocessed minimally Combined lifestyle noncommunicable non communicable population life

RESUMEN El consumo de alcohol y las conductas antisociales-delictivas constituyen un problema relevante a nivel social y de salud pública. El objetivo de la investigación que dio origen al presente artículo científico fue conocer la relación entre el consumo de alcohol y la conducta antisocial-delictiva en adolescentes. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo-correlacional, de corte transversal. Participaron 271 adolescentes (50.6 % masculino y 49.4 % femenino), entre 12 a 19 años, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia con criterios de inclusión. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario para identificación de trastornos debidos al consumo de alcohol (AUDIT) y el Cuestionario de conductas antisociales-delictivas (A-D). El análisis mostró un consumo bajo de alcohol o abstinencia (95.2 %) y baja presencia de conductas antisociales (89.3 %) y delictivas (88.93 %). No se presentaron diferencias por sexo en las variables de estudios (p > .05). Se confirmó una relación baja positiva entre el consumo de alcohol y la conducta antisocial (r = .206; p < .05), al igual que el consumo de alcohol y la conducta delictiva (r = .199; p < .05), es decir, a medida que aumenta o disminuye el consumo de alcohol, también lo hace la conducta antisocial-delictiva.

ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption and antisocial-criminal behavior a relevant social and public health problem. The objective of the research that gave rise to this scientific article was to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and antisocial-criminal behavior in adolescents. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional approach was used. The study included 271 adolescents (50.6% male and 49.4% female), aged between 12 and 19 years, using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling with inclusion criteria. The instruments used were the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Questionnaire (AUDIT) and the Antisocial-Criminal Behavior Questionnaire (A-D). The analysis showed low alcohol consumption or abstinence (95.2%) and low presence of antisocial (89.3%) and criminal (88.93%) behaviors. There were no differences by sex in the study variables (p > .05). A low positive relationship was confirmed between alcohol consumption and antisocial behavior (r = .206; p < .05), as well as alcohol consumption and criminal behavior (r = .199; p < .05), that is, as alcohol consumption increases or decreases, antisocial-criminal behavior also.

Abstract Terra firma-forme dermatosis is a dermatological condition characterized by the presence of hyperpigmented plaques, which are easily cleared with 70% isopropyl alcohol. Case 1: A 14-year-old boy, with no relevant past medical history, presented with a brown-colored skin lesion on his chest, which had appeared one year earlier. The lesion was cleared with 70% isopropyl alcohol, proving the diagnosis of terra firma-forme dermatosis. Case 2: A 12-year-old girl was referred to our consultation. She was obese and had insulin-resistance. On physical examination she had significant hyperpigmentation on her neck and axillae, which was interpreted as acanthosis nigricans. Nonetheless, we performed swabbing of the lesions with 70% isopropyl alcohol, which immediately cleared the skin, confirming the diagnosis of terra firma-forme dermatosis. In conclusion, terra firma-forme dermatosis is a benign and easily solved dermatosis. Nonetheless, its unesthetic appearance is often a cause of great distress to the patient. We aim to increased awareness of this entity.

Resumo A dermatose terra firme-forme é uma patologia comum, frequentemente subdiagnosticada. Caracteriza-se pela presença de placas hiperpigmentadas, facilmente removíveis com álcool isopropílico a 70%. Caso 1: Adolescente de 14 anos, sexo masculino, sem antecedentes de relevo. Recorre por lesão hiperpigmentada, localizada na porção superior do tronco, com 1 ano de evolução. Durante a observação foi realizada remoção da lesão descrita com álcool isopropílico a 70%, confirmando-se o diagnóstico de dermatose terra firme-forme. Caso 2: Adolescente de 12 anos, sexo feminino, com antecedentes pessoais de obesidade e insulinorresistência. Ao exame objetivo constataram-se lesões hiperpigmentadas no pescoço e axilas, interpretadas, inicialmente, como acantose nigricans. Não obstante, foi realizada limpeza com álcool isopropílico a 70%, com rápida remoção das lesões, estabelecendo-se o diagnóstico de dermatose terra firme-forme. Os casos clínicos descritos alertam para a necessidade de reconhecimento desta patologia que, embora benigna, é frequentemente geradora de grande ansiedade, conduzindo a investigações desnecessárias.

Abstract Introduction: The biological collections represent the foundation for the knowledge and management of the biodiversity of a region. However, regional collections focused on echinoderms are scarce in Mexico, particularly in the Central Mexican Pacific (CMP). The biological collection of the Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX) belongs to the Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias of the Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico and it aims to serve as a reference for the region’s marine biodiversity. Objective: To state the richness of echinoderms in the LEMITAX collection. Methods: The organisms deposited at the LEMITAX have been collected by SCUBA, free-diving, and bottom trawls with biological dredges in different areas of the Mexican Pacific. The specimens are wet-preserved (70 % ethanol; Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Ophiuroidea) or dried (Asteroidea and Echinoidea). Results: The specimens are from the states of Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima, including two natural protected areas (NPAs), the Isabel Island National Park and the sanctuary of the Islands and Islets of Bahía de Chamela. The collection has 20 761 specimens of echinoderms distributed in 75 species (10 asteroids, 17 ophiuroids, 17 echinoids, and 31 holothuroids). The best-represented state is Jalisco (64 species), followed by Nayarit (31), Colima (20), and Sinaloa (11). Concerning the NPAs, Chamela is the best represented (60), followed by Isabel Island (22). Thirty-four new records are added; the largest contribution is for Chamela, with 14 new records, followed by the state of Jalisco (seven), Nayarit (four), Colima (three), and Isabel Island (three). For the CMP, the presence of Astropecten ornatissimus, Luidia phragma, Cucumaria crax, and Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae, is reported for the first time, updating the echinoderm richness to 197 species. The bathymetric distribution range of Ophiactis simplex, Ophiocomella alexandri, and Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae is extended, as well as the geographic range of Cucumaria crax. Conclusions: The biological collections deposited in the universities contribute substantially to the knowledge of biodiversity, as reflected in the LEMITAX collection, whose revision resulted in the updating of the echinoderm richness in the region.

Resumen Introducción: Las colecciones biológicas representan los cimientos para el conocimiento y manejo de la biodiversidad de una región. No obstante, en México, y en particular en el Pacífico central mexicano (PCM), las colecciones regionales enfocadas en equinodermos, son escasas. La colección biológica del Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Microbiología y Taxonomía (LEMITAX) pertenece al Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México y sirve como referencia de la biodiversidad marina de la región. Objetivo: Dar a conocer la riqueza de equinodermos resguardada en la colección del LEMITAX. Métodos: Los organismos depositados en LEMITAX se han recolectado mediante buceo libre, SCUBA, y arrastres de fondo con dragas biológicas en diversas áreas del Pacífico mexicano. Los especímenes están preservados en húmedo (alcohol al 70 %; Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea y Ophiuroidea) o en seco (Asteroidea y Echinoidea). Resultados: Los especímenes provienen de los estados de Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco y Colima, incluyendo dos áreas naturales protegidas, el Parque Nacional Isla Isabel y el Santuario de las islas e islotes de Bahía de Chamela. La colección dispone de 20 761 ejemplares de equinodermos distribuidos en 75 especies (10 asteroideos, 17 ofiuroideos, 17 equinoideos y 31 holoturoideos). El estado mejor representado es Jalisco (64 especies) seguido de Nayarit (31), Colima (20) y Sinaloa (11). Bahía de Chamela es la mejor representada (60), seguido de Isla Isabel (22). Se aportan 34 registros nuevos, la mayor contribución es para Bahía de Chamela con 14 registros nuevos, seguido del estado de Jalisco (siete), Nayarit (cuatro), Colima (tres) e Isla Isabel (tres). Para el PCM, se reporta por primera vez la presencia de Astropecten ornatissimus, Luidia phragma, Cucumaria crax y Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae, lo que actualiza su riqueza de equinodermos a 197 especies. Se amplía el intervalo de distribución batimétrica de Ophiactis simplex, Ophiocomella alexandri y Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae, así como el intervalo de distribución geográfica de Cucumaria crax. Conclusiones: Las colecciones biológicas de las universidades contribuyen de manera sustancial al conocimiento de la biodiversidad, como se refleja en la colección LEMITAX, cuya revisión resultó en la actualización de la riqueza de equinodermos de la región.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage in the world and the use of additives during its production can improve its physicochemical and organoleptic properties. Objective: To evaluate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of craft beer by applying a corn and rice cereal base for malt substitution. Materials and Methods: The cereal base (corn and rice) was purchased in the local market of the Portoviejo canton, province of Manabí and two samples, T1 and T2, were made compared with a control sample in which the physicochemical parameters such as density, pH and alcohol content were determined and the sensory determination of the samples was carried out by 27 untrained panelists. Results and Discussion: Significant differences were found in density and alcoholic content, with sample T2 being the one that obtained the best results in the sensory aspect, being the one preferred by the panelists surveyed. Conclusions: The overall assessment of sample B indicates that it was considered to be of higher quality and preference compared to sample A. These results highlight the importance of innovation in the beer industry, since the inclusion of local ingredients can not only improve the flavor profile of beer, but also contribute to the promotion of local and sustainable products.

RESUMEN Introducción: La cerveza es la bebida alcohólica más popular del mundo y el empleo de aditivos durante su elaboración pueden mejorar las propiedades fisicoquímicas y organolépticas de la misma. Objetivo: Evaluar las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de la cerveza artesanal mediante la aplicación de una base cereal de maíz y arroz para la sustitución de la malta. Materiales y Métodos: La base cereal (maíz y arroz) se adquirió en el mercado local del cantón Portoviejo, provincia de Manabí y se realizaron dos muestras T1 y T2 comparadas con una muestra control en la cual, se determinaron los parámetros fisicoquímicos como densidad, pH y contenido alcohólico y la determinación sensorial de las muestras se realizó mediante 27 panelistas no entrenados. Resultados y Discusión: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la densidad y en el contenido alcohólico siendo la muestra T2 la que obtuvo mejores resultados en el aspecto sensorial siendo la preferida por los panelistas encuestados. Conclusiones: La valoración global de la muestra B, indica que fue considerada de mayor calidad y preferencia en comparación con la muestra A. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de la innovación en la industria cervecera, ya que la inclusión de ingredientes locales puede no solo mejorar el perfil de sabor de la cerveza, sino también contribuir a la promoción de productos locales y sostenibles.