ABSTRACT Proper waste management is a major worldwide concern; waste is disposed of directly into the environment, affecting water, soil and air quality. The development and production of green energy sources is strongly encouraged in modern society. The aim of this study, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 2 and 7 of the 2030 Agenda of the UN, is to combine the correct disposal of animal waste with the generation of energy to mitigate the energy insecurity of families in an extremely vulnerable semi-arid region in the north-east of the country using biodigesters. To this end, a conceptual proposal was drawn up for a low-cost, easy-to-maintain and easy-to-use biodigester. A small-scale prototype was used to assess its operation by evaluating the main factors that affect biogas production (pH, temperature and the biomass properties: total solids, fixed solids, volatile solids, concentration of volatile fatty acids and C/N ratio). Evaluation of the test prototype gave satisfactory results that corroborate other studies and make it possible to propose an economically viable and efficient full-scale biodigester for biogas production. concern environment water quality society study SDGs (SDGs 1 203 UN semiarid semi arid northeast north east biodigesters end lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost low-cost easytomaintain easy maintain easytouse use smallscale small scale pH, pH (pH properties solids CN C N ratio. ratio . ratio) fullscale full 20

To control vehicle emissions, the new homologation process must be reported according to the California Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) scale’s procedure to calculate the ozone forming potential (OFP) of each new vehicle. This work calculates an MIR scale suitable for the Brazilian reality. Meteorological and hourly pollutant data from the Bangu Automatic Air Quality Station was inventoried and processed from March to September 2020 to adjust OZIPR Lagrangean model and obtain the MIR scale by making small increments in the concentrations of each volatile organic compounds (VOC) and calculate the ozone increase/decrease. It was found that the VOC that had the greatest impact on ozone formation was 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, with 2.06 ppb O3 ppbC-1 VOC. The OFP was calculated based on the VOC emissions of a vehicle and it was found a value of 9.421 mg O3 km-1, a much lower value when compared using the California MIR scale of 136.608 mg O3 km-1. It is concluded that meteorological conditions and VOC speciation data in the air mixture in the studied region directly affect the photochemical reactions of ozone formation. (MIR scales s (OFP reality 202 (VOC increasedecrease increase decrease increase/decrease 1,2,4trimethylbenzene, 124trimethylbenzene trimethylbenzene 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene, 1 2 4 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 206 06 2.0 O ppbC1 ppbC ppbC- 9421 9 421 9.42 km1, km1 km 1, km-1 136608 136 608 136.60 km1. 1. 20 4trimethylbenzene 1,2,4trimethylbenzene 124 1,2, 0 2. 942 42 9.4 km- 13660 13 60 136.6 12 1,2 94 9. 1366 6 136.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Salt production, especially using artisanal methods, does not exist in all countries, given the climatic and logistical requirements. Portugal has some tradition in this sector, but even so, most professionals working in Occupational Health and Safety have no experience in the area. The aim of this review was to summarize the most relevant and recent publications, to improve their performance capacity and enhance the productivity, satisfaction and well-being of the workers involved. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Salt pans can be inland (far from the sea, using groundwater with a high salt content) or coastal. The former are scarcer in Portugal and only exist between Lisbon and Coimbra. Over time, in our country, evaporation was carried out by fire and sun. The latter is believed to have been developed by the Romans who created the first version of salt flats. At national level there is evidence of salt production since the end of the Neolithic, but here more frequently with the use of fire. Throughout Europe there has been a decline in artisanal versus industrial salt production, even in sea salt pans (especially on the northwest coast of France and, in Portugal, on the western coasts). Artisanal production in our country is more prevalent in the Figueira da Foz area. The product obtained via artisanal production has better quality, particularly in terms of flavor and nutritionally (via industrial production the taste is more metallic). Portugal is a large producer and consumer of traditional salt. The climatic characteristics suit production, due to summers with frequent high temperatures and strong, hot winds. National salt was and is consumed in other European countries; for presenting superior quality, even though it is more expensive. Production depends on the climate, namely insolation (number of hours in the sun), precipitation, temperature, cloudiness and winds (which affect evaporation). In other words, this is more intense and faster if the air temperature is higher, such as with more dry winds (which are generally more frequent in summer); low precipitation is also favorable. Salt production has been increasing, due to growing industrial needs. To be used in this last situation, it must be at 100% purity. Discussion and Conclusions No bibliography was found that referred the dimension of occupational health and safety in this professional sector. Based on the authors' theoretical and practical experience, the most relevant risk factors and risks in the sector are described: ultraviolet radiation and possible skin cancer, cataracts and other associated injuries; thermal discomfort and eventual higher accident rates associated with motor incoordination, worse cardiovascular adjustment, as well as disorientation and ability to make decisions; forced/maintained loads and/or postures and possible musculoskeletal injuries, emergence/worsening of hernia pathology and falling objects at the same level and possible bruises, skin lacerations and/or fractures. It would be interesting to learn more about the national panorama of this sector, through studies that hierarchically stratify the risk, also accurately describing occupational illnesses and associated accidents, as well as more effective measures to mitigate these issues.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos A produção de sal, sobretudo com métodos artesanais, não existe em todos os países, dadas as exigências climáticas e logísticas. Portugal apresenta alguma tradição nesse setor mas, ainda assim, a maioria dos profissionais a exercer na Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais não tem experiência na área. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir o que mais relevante e recente se publicou, de forma a melhorar a capacidade de atuação destes e a potenciar a produtividade, satisfação e bem-estar dos trabalhadores afetos. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo As salinas podem ser interiores (afastadas do mar, usando água subterrânea com elevado conteúdo em sal) ou litorais. As primeiras são mais escassas em Portugal e apenas existem entre Lisboa e Coimbra. Ao longo do tempo, no nosso país, a evaporação era realizada pelo fogo e sol. Esta última acredita-se que foi desenvolvida pelos romanos que, de certa forma, criaram a primeira versão das salinas. A nível nacional há evidência de produção de sal desde o final do Neolítico, mas aqui mais frequente com a utilização do fogo. Por toda a Europa tem existido um declínio da produção artesanal de sal, versus industrial, mesmo em salinas marítimas (sobretudo na costa noroeste de França e, em Portugal, na costa ocidental). A produção artesanal no nosso país é mais prevalente na zona da Figueira da Foz. O produto obtido via artesanal tem mais qualidade, nomeadamente a nível de sabor e nutricionalmente (via industrial o paladar é um pouco mais metálico). Portugal é um grande produtor e consumidor de sal tradicional. As caraterísticas climáticas adequam-se à produção, devido aos verões com temperaturas elevadas frequentes e ventos fortes e quentes. O sal nacional era e é consumido noutros países europeus, por apresentar qualidade superior, mesmo tendo um preço mais elevado. A produção depende do clima, nomeadamente a insolação (número de horas ao sol), precipitação, temperatura, nebulosidade e ventos (que condicionam a evaporação). Ou seja, esta é mais intensa e rápida se a temperatura do ar for mais elevada, tal como com mais ventos secos (que geralmente são mais frequentes no Verão); a baixa precipitação também é favorável. A produção de sal tem vindo a aumentar, até pelas crescentes necessidades industriais. Para ser usado nesta última situação, deverá estar no patamar de 100% de pureza. Discussão e Conclusões Não se encontrou bibliografia que fizesse referência à dimensão da saúde e segurança ocupacionais neste setor profissional. Em função de experiência teórica e prática dos autores, descrevem-se os fatores de riscos e riscos mais relevantes do setor: radiação ultravioleta e eventual cancro de pele, cataratas e outras lesões associadas; desconforto térmico e eventual maior sinistralidade associada a descoordenação motora, pior ajuste cardiovascular, bem como desorientação e capacidade de tomar decisões; cargas e/ou posturas forçadas/mantidas e eventuais lesões músculo-esqueléticas, surgimento/agravamento de patologia herniária e queda de objetos e ao mesmo nível e eventuais equimoses, lacerações cutâneas e/ou fraturas. Seria interessante conhecer melhor o panorama nacional deste setor, através de estudos que estratificassem hierarquicamente o risco, descrevendo ainda com rigor as doenças profissionais e acidentes associados, bem como medidas mais eficazes para atenuar essas questões.

ABSTRACT Orange peel, a physiological disorder, has been reported in Chilean sweet cherries (Prunus avium (L.) L.) after 35-45 d under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The ontogeny of the disorder is unknown, and preharvest factors have not been thoroughly investigated. This study involved two experiments to elucidate the association between environmental factors and the incidence of the orange peel disorder. In the first experiment, plant water potential, fruit position on the tree, relative humidity (RH), and radiation of sweet cherry trees were studied in ‘Regina’, ‘Kordia’, and ‘Lapins’. The second experiment focused on the interaction effect of heat during fruit development and the RH during storage in ‘Lapins’. The first experiment showed no clear response of orange peel incidence to natural variations in air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and transmitted solar radiation (PPFD) within trees. However, significant differences in the incidence, severity, and timing of the disorder detection were observed among cultivars. In ‘Lapins’, orange peel disorder began before harvest in the green stage, 33.7 %, while ‘Regina’ and ‘Kordia’ showed negligible incidences of 1.25% and 0%, respectively. At postharvest, no differences were found among tree sections, either in incidence or severity of the disorder. For the second experiment, no differences in incidence were found in heated fruit during preharvest or postharvest RH treatments. However, it was observed that the higher the RH (100%), the lower the severity index (3.6) was for the orange peel disorder. The high incidence of the disorder during postharvest under natural or induced environmental conditions in the three cultivars evaluated demonstrates that RH mainly affects the orange peel disorder.

Abstract The influence of occupant behaviour in buildings is widely discussed as one of the causes for the gap between energy use estimated via computer simulation and during building operation. Knowing the main drivers for adjustments in building systems is essential to guide the development of mathematical models for such behaviours. The aim of this study is to evaluate the main motivating agents for adjusting windows, luminaires, and air-conditioning in offices. Two offices were monitored using sensors that collected data from the internal environment and user interaction with such systems. Rainfall and external and internal air temperatures were considered influential for the interaction with window systems. The increase in internal and external temperatures had even more influence on interactions with air-conditioners. The main conclusions were: there is influence of the layout of the offices in the sharing and control of windows and efficiency of passive strategies, such as the use of natural and cross ventilation; and there is an influence of the increase in internal temperature compared to external temperature in the predictability of opening windows and turning air-conditioning devices on. operation behaviours luminaires airconditioning conditioning airconditioners. airconditioners conditioners. conditioners air-conditioners strategies ventilation

Resumo Ainfluência do comportamento dos usuários em edificações é amplamente discutida como uma das causas para discrepâncias entre consumos energéticos esperados, durante a fase de projeto, e consumos durante a operação. Conhecer os principais motivadores para ajustes nos sistemas de edificações é imprescindível para aprimorar a modelagem desses comportamentos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os principais agentes motivadores para o ajuste das janelas, luminárias e aparelhos de ar-condicionado em escritórios. Dois escritórios foram monitorados por meio de sensores que coletaram dados de qualidade do ambiente interno e comportamento de usuário. Foram consideradas influentes para a interação com sistemas de janelas a pluviometria e as temperaturas do ar externo e interno. O aumento das temperaturas interna e externa apresentou ainda mais influência na interaçãocom aparelhos de ar-condicionado. Duas foram as principais conclusões: há influência do layout dos escritórios no compartilhamento e controle das janelas e eficiência de estratégias passivas, como o uso de ventilação natural e cruzada; e há influência do aumento da temperatura interna em comparação à externa na previsibilidade de abertura de janelas e acionamento de aparelhos de ar-condicionado. esperados projeto operação comportamentos arcondicionado condicionado usuário arcondicionado. condicionado. conclusões passivas cruzada

RESUMEN Quizás uno de los objetivos más importantes del desarrollo sostenible para los países en desarrollo es mejorar la utilización de fuentes de energía renovables en todos los sectores en general y en el sector agrícola en particular. El proceso de pre-enfriamiento ayuda a mantener la calidad y prolongar la vida útil de las frutas y verduras. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo fabricar un preenfriador solar evaporativo indirecto (IESP) para reducir las pérdidas posteriores a la cosecha de productos agrícolas. El cultivo de tomate fue elegido para ser preenfriado como ejemplo de cadenas de valor agrícolas. Las variables experimentales incluyeron tres temperaturas del agua de enfriamiento (15, 10 y 5 °C) y dos velocidades del aire que pasó por el gabinete de enfriamiento (1,5 y 2,5 m s-1). Los resultados mostraron que a una velocidad del aire de 1,5 m s-1, el coeficiente de rendimiento real fue de 19,4, 25,5 y 34,7% a temperaturas del agua de refrigeración de 15, 10 y 5 oC, respectivamente. A una velocidad del aire de 2,5 m s-1, el coeficiente de rendimiento real fue de 23,1, 28,8 y 37,2% a temperaturas del agua de refrigeración de 15, 10 y 5 oC, respectivamente. El desempeño del IESP bajo estas condiciones fue de 15,4 oC, 91,5% HR, 0,338 TR carga frigorífica y 37,2% COPcyc. El consumo total de energía fue de 6,4 kWh día-1. El rendimiento del preenfriador solar resultó ser una solución muy viable para las demandas de las pequeñas y medianas explotaciones hortícolas, especialmente en ciudades con un clima muy cálido, para evitar que las verduras y frutas se deterioren después de la cosecha.

ABSTRACT Perhaps one of the most important goals of sustainable development for developing countries is to enhance the utilization of renewable energy sources in all sectors in general and the agricultural sector in particular. The pre-cooling process helps to maintain quality and extend the shelf life of the fruits and vegetables. The aim of this study was to fabricate an indirect evaporative solar precooler (IESP) to reduce post-harvest loss for agricultural products. Tomato crop was chosen to be pre-cooled as an example of agricultural value chains. Experimental variables included three temperatures of cooling water (15, 10 and 5 °C) and two air velocities that passed through the cooling cabinet (1.5 and 2.5 m s-1). The results showed that at 1.5 m s-1 air velocity, the actual coefficient of performance was 19.4, 25.5 and 34.7% at cooling water temperatures 15, 10 and 5 °C, respectively. At 2.5 m s-1 air velocity, the actual coefficient of performance was 23.1, 28.8 and 37.2% at cooling water temperatures 15, 10 and 5 oC, respectively. The performance of the IESP under these conditions was 15.4 oC, 91.5% RH, 0.338 TR refrigeration load and 37.2% COPcyc. Total energy consumption was 6.4 kWh day-1. The solar pre-cooler performance proved a very feasible solution to the demands of small and medium horticultural holdings, especially in cities with a very hot climate to keep vegetables and fruits from deteriorating after harvest.

Resumen En Cuba, la falta de equipos de medición, el alto costo de las estaciones de contaminación atmosférica y las limitantes para acceder a nuevas tecnologías, dificultan el monitoreo continuo de la calidad del aire. Por tales motivos, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, caracterizar contaminantes criterio empleando el modelo System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition. Se obtuvo una serie diaria de concentraciones estimadas de contaminantes criterio en La Habana durante el año 2021. Se realizó una caracterización del comportamiento de los contaminantes analizando las concentraciones medias diarias y medias mensuales. Se realizó una revisión de los días en que las concentraciones sobrepasaban los valores de las concentraciones máximas admisibles establecidas en la Norma Cubana. Además, se compararon estos resultados con los Valores Guías de Calidad del Aire recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. De forma general, los valores diarios estimados de las concentraciones de los contaminantes se correspondieron con los patrones de distribución espacial y temporal característicos observados en estudios precedentes en la ciudad con monitoreo automático y activo. Se reafirma así la utilidad de la herramienta de las salidas del modelo System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition para brindar información de calidad del aire en La Habana.

Abstract In Cuba, the lack of measurement equipment, the high cost of air pollution stations and the limitations to access new technologies make continuous monitoring of air quality difficult. For these reasons, the objective of this research was to characterize criterion pollutants using the System for Integrated modeling of Atmospheric coMposition model. A daily series of estimated concentrations of criteria pollutants was obtained in Havana during the year 2021. A characterization of the behavior of the pollutants was carried out by analyzing the average daily and average monthly concentrations. A review was carried out of the days in which concentrations exceeded the values of the maximum admissible concentrations established in the Cuban Standard. In addition, these results were compared with the Air Quality Guide Values recommended by the World Health Organization. In general, the estimated daily values of pollutant concentrations corresponded to the characteristic spatial and temporal distribution patterns observed in previous studies in the city with automatic and active monitoring. Thus, the usefulness of the tool of the outputs of the System for Integrated modelLing of Atmospheric coMposition model to provide air quality information in Havana is reaffirmed.

Globally, the demand for mineral products is ever increasing. Extraction of these mineral resources results in the continuous production of a huge volume of waste material, including tailing dumps. The mass of tailings usually exceeds the actual resource and often contains hazardous contaminants. This study investigated the effects of tailings disposal on soil, water, and air quality in the Nampundwe area. Water, soil, and dust samples were collected from different locations in the surrounding communities. The constituents analysed in the samples included copper, cobalt, iron, sulfate, and silica. According to the results obtained, some seepages occurred from the tailings impoundment to the shallow aquifer in the area. However, the general water quality meets the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) statutory limits. Recorded concentrations of sulfate (1500 mg/l), copper (1.5 mg/l), cobalt (1.0 mg/l), iron (2.0 mg/l), and silica were between 0.003 mg/l and 705 mg/l, which is far below ZEMA's statutory limit. Silica concentration was also evident in the air. The highest concentration recorded was 260 ppcc (particle per cubic centimeter) recorded in July 2019 from the northern direction of the tailings dam. The concentration was below the statutory limit of 350 ppcc. The topsoil from the northern part of the tailings recorded a silica dust concentration of 39.9 ppcc. Iron was evident in the underground soil with a concentration of 8.01 ppcc, cobalt 0.005 ppcc, copper 0.051 ppcc, while sulfate was recorded as 0.41 ppcc.

Resumen Introducción. La calidad del aire es un asunto de interés para la salud pública por su rápido deterioro en los países de bajos y medianos ingresos, y los efectos del aire contaminado en la salud de las poblaciones. Objetivo. Explorar las condiciones de la calidad del aire en las que los repartidores de plataformas digitales desarrollaron su trabajo en las localidades de Kennedy y Usaquén de Bogotá durante el 2021. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio mixto, paralelo y convergente, basado en cuatro fuentes de información: 1) observación etnográfica en cinco ubicaciones comerciales de las dos localidades; 2) monitoreo de PM10 y PM2.5 en 56 rutas de reparto, empleando un equipo de bajo costo; 3) bitácoras diarias de los recorridos que apoyaron la interpretación de los datos del equipo, y 4) entrevista semiestructurada con el rutero para explorar sus percepciones frente a los peligros durante los recorridos. Resultados. Se identificaron diferencias en las condiciones de trabajo, las percepciones y las exposiciones a material particulado de los repartidores entre las dos localidades de estudio que constituyeron fuentes de injusticia ambiental. Los recorridos que realizaron los repartidores en la localidad de Kennedy registraron mayores concentraciones de PM10 y PM2.5. Las fuentes de contaminación atmosférica identificadas por los repartidores mostraron los peores parámetros en Kennedy. Conclusiones. Se evidenció que la calidad del aire, el equipamiento urbano, la infraestructura vial, las fuentes móviles y la ubicación geoespacial son elementos que marcan la presencia de injusticia ambiental para los repartidores. Para disminuir esta inequidad, es necesario que las plataformas de reparto digital y el gobierno distrital implementen estrategias que reduzcan la exposición y la emisión de contaminantes del aire con el fin de proteger la salud de los repartidores de plataformas.

Abstract Introduction. Air quality is a matter of interest for public health due to its rapid deterioration in low- and middle-income countries and the effects of polluted air on the health of populations. Objective. To explore the air quality conditions in which digital platform delivery workers carry out their work, evaluating the localities of Kennedy and Usaquén in Bogotá, 2021. Materials and methods. We developed a mixed parallel convergent study based on four sources of information: 1) Ethnographic observation in five commercial locations of the two localities; 2) Monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 in 56 delivery routes using a low-cost sensor; 3) Daily logs of the routes to support the device data interpretation, and 4) A semi-structured interview applied to the drivers to explore their danger perception during the routes. Results. We identified elements causing environmental injustice among digital platform delivery workers between the two study locations. The routes made by the delivery drivers in the locality of Kennedy registered higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, compared to the values observed in Usaquén. The sources of air pollution identified by the delivery drivers through ethnographic observation and the router logbook showed the worst parameters in Kennedy. Conclusions. We evidenced that air quality, urban equipment, road infrastructure, mobile sources, and geospatial location are elements that mark the presence of environmental injustice for the digital platform delivery drivers in the studied localities. To reduce this inequity, it is necessary for digital delivery platforms and the district government to implement strategies that reduce the exposure and emission of air pollutants to protect the health of digital platform delivery workers.

ABSTRACT The use of CO2 sensors has been reported as an effective tool in the early detection of signs of deterioration, allowing good accuracy in decision-making about the quality of stored grains. The objective of this study was to quantify the CO2 levels produced by maize grains stored at ambient temperature in a prototype silo, with initial moisture contents of 14, 16 and 18% w.b., and to evaluate the quality of the product over time and the technical breakage. Analyses of moisture content, ash, proteins, lipids, Hue Angle (color), germination and electrical conductivity were performed. Inside the silos, the amount of CO2, relative air humidity and temperature were monitored every hour. Grain quality evaluations were carried out at four storage times (0, 30, 60 and 90 days). A completely randomized design in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme with six replicates was used. Grains with higher moisture contents showed higher technical breakage and losses associated with CO2 emissions. Moisture content, protein, lipids, germination, bulk density, lightness and chroma decreased over time, while the electrical conductivity increased, resulting in greater damage to membranes and loss of quality of maize grains. Monitoring of CO2 in the grain mass is a good tool to assess the quality of grain, and higher initial moisture content caused greater level of CO2 emission and reduction in quality of maize grains. CO deterioration decisionmaking decision making silo 14 1 18 wb w b w.b. ash proteins lipids color, color , (color) performed silos hour 0, 0 (0 30 6 9 days. days . days) used emissions protein density increased w.b (color (

RESUMO O uso de sensores de CO2 tem sido reportado como uma medida eficaz na detecção precoce de sinais de deterioração, permitindo uma boa acurácia na tomada de decisão sobre a qualidade de grãos armazenados. Neste estudo objetivou-se quantificar os níveis de CO2 produzidos por grãos de milho armazenados em temperatura ambiente em silo protótipo, com teores de água iniciais de 14, 16 e 18% b.u., bem como avaliar a qualidade do produto ao longo do tempo e a quebra técnica. Foram realizadas análises de teor de água, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos, Hue Angle (cor), germinação e condutividade elétrica. No interior dos silos foi monitorada a quantidade de CO2, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura a cada uma hora. As avaliações de qualidade dos grãos ocorreram em quatro tempos de armazenamento (0, 30, 60 e 90 dias). Foi usado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 × 4 e seis repetições. Os grãos mais úmidos apresentaram maior quebra técnica e perdas associadas a emissões de CO2. Os teores de água, proteína, lipídeos, germinação, massa específica aparente, L* e croma reduziram ao longo do tempo, enquanto que a condutividade elétrica aumentou, resultando em maior danificação das membranas e perda de qualidade dos grãos de milho. O monitoramento do CO2 na massa de grãos é uma boa ferramenta para avaliar a qualidade dos grãos, e maior teor de umidade inicial causou maior nível de emissão de CO2 e redução na qualidade dos grãos de milho. CO deterioração objetivouse objetivou se protótipo 14 1 18 bu b u b.u. cinzas proteínas lipídeos cor, cor , (cor) hora 0, 0 (0 30 6 9 dias. dias . dias) casualizado repetições proteína aparente L aumentou b.u (cor (

RESUMO A pandemia de covid-19 trouxe inúmeras mudanças aos territórios sustentáveis e saudáveis, implicando a necessidade de reorganização de estruturas sociais e de saúde. Objetivou-se compreender a dinâmica das feiras livres de vendas de alimentos no período pós-pandêmico de covid-19 em cidades do Maciço de Baturité, no Ceará, e avaliar as estratégias sanitárias e/ou de biossegurança utilizadas no enfrentamento da covid-19 por feirantes e consumidores. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo entre outubro de 2021 e janeiro de 2023, em cinco cidades do Ceará. Em uma primeira etapa, foi realizada a observação das condições sanitárias e de biossegurança nas feiras livres, mediante um instrumento estruturado em quatro categorias. Em seguida, consumidores e feirantes foram entrevistados para o aprofundamento de discussões sobre os reflexos da pandemia sobre as feiras. Avaliaram-se as feiras de cinco cidades e entrevistaram-se 44 pessoas. Quatro cidades mostraram-se com condições sanitárias precárias e comprometimento da biossegurança e comercialização de alimentos. Feirantes e consumidores tiveram uma baixa percepção de risco sobre a covid-19 e levantaram a necessidade da perpetuação das feiras livres para a qualidade de vida e economia da região. As feiras livres são territórios sociais e econômicos sustentáveis, que ainda carecem de atenção por gestores e profissionais de saúde. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 saudáveis saúde Objetivouse Objetivou se póspandêmico pós pandêmico Baturité Ceará eou ou Realizouse Realizou 202 2023 etapa categorias seguida Avaliaramse Avaliaram entrevistaramse entrevistaram 4 pessoas mostraramse mostraram região covid1 1 covid- 20 2

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has brought countless changes to sustainable and healthy territories, implying the need to reorganize social and health structures. The aim was to understand the dynamics of open-air food sales markets in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period in cities in the Maciço de Baturité, in Ceará, Brazil, and to evaluate the health and/or biosafety strategies used by marketers and consumers to deal with covid-19. A qualitative study was carried out between October 2021 and January 2023, in five cities in the state of Ceará. In the first stage, the sanitary and biosafety conditions at the street markets were observed using an instrument structured into four categories. Then, consumers and stallholders were interviewed to deepen discussions about the impact of the pandemic on the markets. We evaluated fairs in five cities and interviewed 44 people. Four cities were found to have precarious sanitary conditions and compromised biosafety in the sale of food. Marketers and consumers had a low-risk perception regarding COVID-19 and raised the need to perpetuate open-air markets for the region’s quality of life and economy. Free markets are sustainable social and economic territories, which still require attention from managers and health professionals. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 territories structures openair open air postCOVID19 postCOVID post post-COVID-1 Baturité Ceará Brazil andor or covid19. covid19 covid 19. covid-19 202 2023 stage categories Then 4 people lowrisk low risk regions region s economy professionals COVID1 1 COVID- postCOVID1 post-COVID- covid1 covid-1 20 post-COVID covid- 2

Abstract The study evaluates the generation and recovery capacity of methane at the Villavicencio Landfill in Colombia, using the LandGEM model. It shows a significant increase in methane generation, rising from about 1.5 million cubic meters in 2010 to over 8.5 million in 2020, indicating a growing urgency to implement effective mitigation measures. It was estimated that by the year 2042, the electrical energy production from methane could be 248.067 kW/day, capable of supplying about 43.705 homes monthly. Additionally, thermal energy generation would be 468.572 kWh/day, useful for industrial processes. Management scenarios were proposed, where, for example, operational optimization could increase electric production to 342.333 kW/day, benefiting more than 60.000 homes monthly. The conclusions highlight the direct correlation between the amount of waste and methane generation, and the significant potential for converting these emissions into energy, pointing towards regional energy self-sufficiency and sustainability. Methane recovery represents a valuable alternative to the dependence on fossil fuels and for the development of a circular economy.

Resumen El estudio evalúa la generación y capacidad de recuperación de metano en el Relleno Sanitario de Villavicencio, Colombia, mediante el modelo LandGEM. En donde se observa un aumento significativo en la generación de metano, pasando de alrededor de 1,5 millones de metros cúbicos en 2010 a más de 8,5 millones en 2020, lo que indica una creciente urgencia por implementar medidas de mitigación efectivas. Se estimó que, para el año 2042, la producción de energía eléctrica del metano podría ser de 248.067 kW/día, capaz de abastecer a unos 43.705 hogares mensualmente. Asimismo, se generaría energía térmica de 468.572 kWh/día, útil para procesos industriales. Se plantearon escenarios de gestión, donde, por ejemplo, la optimización operacional podría aumentar la producción eléctrica a 342.333 kW/día, beneficiando a más de 60.000 hogares mensualmente. Las conclusiones resaltan la correlación directa entre la cantidad de residuos y la generación de metano, y el significativo potencial de convertir estas emisiones en energía, apuntando hacia la autosuficiencia y sostenibilidad energética regional. El aprovechamiento del metano representa una alternativa valiosa frente a la dependencia de combustibles fósiles y para el desarrollo de una economía circular.

In the context of South Africa's water scarcity, desalination has emerged as a possible solution for coastal areas. However, the quality of the intake water for desalination is often problematic, prompting the need for pre-treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) on 4 seawater filtration systems intended for the pre-treatment of a reverse osmosis desalination project. These systems were implemented in a pilot trial and are based on modern water treatment technologies, namely, granular filtration (pressure driven and gravity driven), dissolved air flotation (DAF), and ultrafiltration (UF). For all 4 systems, data were collected for both the construction and operation phases, and LCAs were performed, resulting in environmental scores that allow for comparison based on the pre-treatment of 1 kL of seawater of the same quality. The SimaPro LCA tool and the ReCiPe midpoint method were used and environmental scores were calculated for 18 impact categories, including climate change, acidification, toxicity, eutrophication, resource depletion, etc. This methodology also allowed the identification of the highest environmental burdens/scores within each system. The most significant finding is that local electricity consumption is responsible for the greatest proportion of environmental impacts. Thus, the systems consuming more energy for operating equipment such as blowers, pumps, and mixers were found to have the highest environmental burdens. Hence, the DAF system has the highest environmental scores for most impacts, followed by the single-phase gravity filtration system, then the two-phase partial pressure filtration system and finally the UF system. Therefore, focus should shift towards energy optimisation of process units, especially the rotary ones, as well as energy mitigation and recovery strategies. The use of renewable energy for pre-treatment should also be considered locally.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to carry out a survey of the different studies that have been carried out in Cuba in terms of ecosystem services valuation. It is a path little traveled and on rise that requires the detection of its strengths and gaps as a guide to the execution of said investigations with de human capital that the country possesses. A total of 42 papers were compiled, including 14 scientific articles, 8 diploma theses, 15 doctoral theses and 5 master´s theses. The ecosystem services most evaluated were those of fibre and food supply, the regulation of climate, water, natural hazard and air quality and within cultural services, aesthetic values and recreation and ecotourism.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un levantamiento de los diferentes estudios que en materia de valoración de servicios ecosistémicos se han efectuado en Cuba. Es un camino poco transitado y en ascenso que requiere de la detección de sus fortalezas y sus principales vacíos como guía a la ejecución de tales investigaciones, con el capital humano que el país posee. Se compilaron un total de 42, de ellos 14 son artículos científicos, 8 tesis de diploma, 15 tesis de doctorado y 5 de maestría. Los servicios ecosistémicos más evaluados en los documentos fueron: los servicios de aprovisionamiento de fibra y alimentos, la regulación del clima, del agua, del peligro natural y de la calidad del aire, y dentro de los servicios culturales los valores estéticos y recreación y ecoturismo.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar la Gestión de la Calidad del aire 5 de las 10 ciudades con mayor contaminación del aire en México y que pertenecen al estado de Guanajuato. El método de investigación consistió en medir la información con Inteligencia Artificial orientada con el modelo LART de Gestión ambiental usando el Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural en las funciones y estrategias para la gestión de la calidad del aire. Se analizó un corpus de 32 enunciados. Como resultado se obtienen una bolsa de 80 palabras y un vocabulario de 82 N-gramas de longitud 1 a 7 para medir la información del proceso de gestión. Los hallazgos revelan que las mejores gestiones están en Celaya, León y Silao de la Victoria. La originalidad del método radica en que la información encontrada por el algoritmo permite validar parcialmente el modelo LART. Se limita a evaluar la gestión y los estudios siguientes se orientarán al desarrollo de un vocabulario más amplio y un corpus mayor para utilizar el modelo W2V que incruste los N-gramas en un modelo n-dimensional.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate Air Quality Management in 5 of the 10 cities with the highest air pollution in Mexico and that belong to the state of Guanajuato. The research method consisted of measuring the information with Artificial Intelligence oriented with the LART model of Environmental Management using Natural Language Processing in the functions and strategies for air quality management. A corpus of 32 statements was analyzed. The result was a bag of 80 words and a vocabulary of 82 N-grams with length 1 to 7 that measure the information of the management process. The findings reveal that the best managements are in Celaya, León and Silao de la Victoria. The originality of the method lies in the fact that the information found by the algorithm allows partial validation of the LART model . It is limited to evaluating the management and subsequent studies will focus on the development of a broader vocabulary and a larger corpus to use the W2V model that embeds the N-grams in a n-dimensional model.