Abstract In this paper, an assessment of the state of coastal territories of Ecuador monitoring issue is conducted. The use of an autonomous robotic aerial platform is proposed as a technical solution to enhance the efficiency of remote surveillance missions performed by national security services along coastline. Considering the UAV nonlinear flight dynamics, as well as the missing information of the environment, is designed a UAV hierarchical control structure composed of an adaptive PID based MPC control strategy. The implementation of an adaptive PID based MPC controller leads to significantly improve the UAV optimal trajectory tracking task, as well as satisfy properties such as adaptiveness, self-learning, and capability of handling uncertainties caused by the unpredictable behavior of sea currents and wind loads retaining robust performance features. In this work, the investigation of external disturbances on UAV stabilization and positioning accuracy considers swirling wind flows and short-term wind gusts. These correspond to deterministic and random processes, are mathematically represented as trigonometric functions with random amplitudes determined by the gust coefficients and the wind loading periods of the pulses. The established range is given by a set of several observations of wind loads in the coastal territories of Ecuador. The analyzed data is collected from the database of national meteorological stations. Finally, the simulation process of the perturbed controlled motion of the UAV along a segmented linear trajectory, as well as the data analysis and graphics are carried out in the MATLAB environment.

Resumen En este trabajo se realiza una evaluación del estado de los territorios costeros del Ecuador en términos de monitoreo. El uso de una plataforma aérea robótica autónoma se propone como una solución técnica para mejorar la eficiencia de las misiones de vigilancia remota realizadas por los servicios de seguridad nacional a lo largo de la zona costanera. Considerando la no linealidad de la dinámica de un UAV, así como la inexistencia de información sobre el entorno, se ha diseñado una estructura jerárquica de control compuesta por una estrategia adaptativa de PID basada en un controlador MPC. La implementación del controlador adaptativo PID basado en MPC conduce a mejorar significativamente la tarea de seguimiento de trayectoria óptima del UAV, así como a satisfacer propiedades tales como la adaptabilidad, el autoaprendizaje y la capacidad de manejar incertidumbres causadas por el comportamiento impredecible de las corrientes marinas y las cargas de viento, manteniendo características robustas de rendimiento. En este trabajo, la investigación de los efectos de las perturbaciones externas sobre la estabilización y precisión de posicionamiento del UAV considera flujos arremolinados y ráfagas de corta duración. Estos corresponden a procesos deterministas y aleatorios, son representados matemáticamente como funciones trigonométricas con amplitudes aleatorias determinadas por los coeficientes de perturbaciones y los períodos de carga de viento de las pulsaciones. El rango establecido se da mediante un conjunto de varias observaciones de cargas de viento en los territorios costeros de Ecuador. Los datos analizados son recogidos de la base de datos de las estaciones meteorológicas nacionales. Finalmente, el proceso de simulación del movimiento controlado perturbado del UAV a lo largo de una trayectoria lineal segmentada, así como el análisis de datos y gráficos, se llevan a cabo en el entorno de MATLAB.

ABSTRACT Older people present limited independent functioning and greater difficulties in their activities of daily living as they age. Aim: To determine whether indicators of body adiposity and functional fitness are related to adaptive behavior in Chilean elderly women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 162 elderly adult women. Body adiposity (BA) was determined by body mass index (BMI) and fat mass (FM). Functional fitness (FA) was assessed by means of four physical tests: Arm flexibility, 30-second right arm strength endurance (RFBD), 30-second chair stand (up-and-go) test and the agility test (2.44 m). Adaptive behavior (AC) was assessed using a scale called AC Self-Perception of AC for Women (ACAM). Results: There were negative correlations between AC with chronological age, BMI, MG, and Agility (∼ r= -0.27 to -0.45, p<0.05), while the relationship was positive with leg strength, flexibility, and RFBD (∼ r= 0.17 to 0.26, p<0.05). Comparisons of CA and PA between CA categories were small and medium. The effect size between women categorized as low and high CA was medium (∼ 0.31 to -0.46). However, among women categorized with medium and high CA level it was small (∼ 0.07 to -0.30). Conclusion: The study found that, in women aged 65-84 years, AC tends to decrease with age, while body adiposity increases and functional fitness decreases. It is recommended to implement strategies that address these negative effects of aging, such as prevention and management of body adiposity, functional exercise programs, and promotion of a healthy lifestyle.

RESUMEN Las personas mayores presentan un funcionamiento independiente limitado y mayores dificultades en sus actividades de la vida diaria a medida que envejecen. Objetivo: Determinar si los indicadores de adiposidad corporal y la aptitud funcional se relacionan con el comportamiento adaptativo en mujeres chilenas de edad avanzada. Material y métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 162 mujeres adultas de tercera edad. La adiposidad corporal (AC) se determinó por medio del Índice de masa corporal (IMC) y masa grasa (MG). La aptitud funcional (AF) se evaluó por medio de cuatros pruebas físicas: La flexibilidad del brazo, resistencia de fuerza del brazo derecho en 30 segundos (RFBD), prueba de soporte de silla (up-and-go) en 30 segundos y la prueba de agilidad (2,44 m). El comportamiento adaptativo (CA) se evaluó utilizando una escala denominada Auto-percepción del CA para Mujeres (ACAM). Resultados: Hubo correlaciones negativas entre el CA con la edad cronológica, IMC, MG, y Agilidad (∼ r= -0.27 a -0.45, p<0.05), mientras que la relación fue positiva con la fuerza de piernas, flexibilidad, y RFBD (∼ r= 0.17 a 0.26, p<0.05). Las comparaciones de la AC y la AF entre categorías del CA fueron pequeñas y medianas. El tamaño del efecto entre las mujeres categorizadas con bajo y elevado nivel de CA fue medio (∼ 0.31 a -0.46). Sin embargo, entre las mujeres categorizadas con medio y elevado nivel de CA fue pequeño ((∼ 0.07 a -0.30). Conclusión: El estudio encontró que, en mujeres de 65 a 84 años, el CA tiende a disminuir con la edad, mientras que la adiposidad corporal aumenta y la aptitud funcional disminuye. Se recomienda implementar estra-tegias que aborden estos efectos negativos del envejecimiento, como la prevención y manejo de la adiposidad corporal, programas de ejercicios funcionales y la promoción de un estilo de vida saludable.

RESUMEN En el contexto de la educación digital, los Sistemas de Gestión del Aprendizaje (LMS) juegan un papel crítico en la entrega y gestión de contenido educativo. Este estudio se centra en la utilización de Moodle Logs Analytics, una herramienta de código abierto, para analizar la interacción de los estudiantes en la plataforma Moodle, dentro de cinco ediciones de un curso de Narrativas Digitales en la Maestría de Entornos Digitales de la Universidad Bolivariana del Ecuador. A través de un análisis cuantitativo de 108,482 registros de actividad, se caracterizó el comportamiento de los estudiantes en relación con el acceso a recursos, la participación en foros, la entrega de tareas, y la realización de cuestionarios. Adicionalmente, se emplearon pruebas ANOVA no paramétricas (Kruskal-Wallis) y análisis de correlación de Spearman para evaluar las diferencias entre las ediciones del curso y relación entre variables estudiadas. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas en los patrones de accesos y actividades de aprendizaje, destacando una variabilidad en la participación que no siempre se correspondía con el número de recursos disponibles. Se observó que la edición PM-EED-B23-02P4-30 mostró un incremento significativo en las actividades, aunque sin un aumento proporcional en la participación en foros. Basado en estos hallazgos, se proponen recomendaciones para la implementación de estrategias pedagógicas adaptativas y se sugieren direcciones para investigaciones futuras que profundicen en la analítica de aprendizaje y su aplicación en la mejora de los entornos educativos digitales.

ABSTRACT In the context of digital education, Learning Management Systems (LMS) play a critical role in the delivery and management of educational content. This study focuses on the use of Moodle Logs Analytics, an open-source tool, to analyze student interactions on the Moodle platform, within five editions of a Digital Narratives course in the Master's program of Digital Environments at the Bolivarian University of Ecuador. Through a quantitative analysis of 108,482 activity logs, student behavior was characterized in relation to resource access, forum participation, assignment submissions, and quiz completions. Additionally, non-parametric ANOVA tests (Kruskal-Wallis) and Spearman's correlation analyses were used to assess differences between course editions and the relationship between studied variables. The results revealed significant differences in access patterns and learning activities, highlighting variability in participation that did not always correspond with the number of resources available. It was observed that the edition PM-EED-B23-02P4-30 showed a significant increase in activities, though without a proportional increase in forum participation. Based on these findings, recommendations for implementing adaptive pedagogical strategies are proposed, and directions for future research that delve into learning analytics and its application in improving digital educational environments are suggested.

Abstract Background: Personality is a fundamental psychological construct for explaining and predicting human behavior. Recent research has focused on the relationship between personality and emotional regulation, revealing that personality traits may influence the way individuals regulate their emotions. Objective: to assess the influence of personality traits from the Big Five Factor Model on cognitive strategies of emotional regulation in college students. Method: 283 students participated, aged 18 to 58 years, who were administered the Adjectives to Evaluate Personality (AEP) list and the Cognitive Strategies of Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results: Personality traits most strongly explained the use of maladaptive strategies of emotional regulation, and to a lesser extent, of adaptive strategies. Neuroticism was the main predictor for maladaptive strategies, followed by Agreeableness, while for adaptive strategies, Agreeableness was the strongest predictor, followed by Openness to experience. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between personality traits and cognitive strategies of emotional regulation.

Resumen Antecedentes: la personalidad es un constructo psicológico fundamental para explicar y predecir el comportamiento humano. Investigaciones recientes se han focalizado en la relación entre la personalidad y la regulación emocional, revelando que los rasgos de personalidad pueden influir en la forma en que los individuos regulan sus emociones. Objetivo: evaluar la influencia de los rasgos de personalidad del modelo de los cinco grandes factores sobre las estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional en estudiantes universitarios. Método: participaron 283 estudiantes, entre 18 y 58 años, a quienes se les administró el listado de adjetivos para evaluar la personalidad (AEP) y el cuestionario de estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional (CERQ). Resultados: los rasgos de personalidad explican más fuertemente el uso de estrategias desadaptativas de regulación emocional y, en menor medida, de estrategias adaptativas. El neuroticismo resultó el principal predictor para las estrategias desadaptativas, seguido por la amabilidad; mientras que para las estrategias adaptativas, el mayor predictor fue la amabilidad, seguido de la apertura a la experiencia. Conclusión: este estudio contribuye a comprender la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad y las estrategias cognitivas de regulación emocional.

ABSTRACT Objective: To systematically review studies on the effects of early stimulation on the neuropsychomotor development of children with microcephaly. Data source: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies that addressed the use of early stimulation in playful and interactive environments in children with microcephaly were included. There were no restrictions on the publication date or language of the studies. The outcomes assessed were muscle tone, social interaction, fine and gross motor skills, intelligence quotient, socioemotional and adaptive behavior of the child. The methodological quality and the scientific evidence level were assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions, the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Data synthesis: 264 articles were identified, but only 7 met the eligibility criteria. The included studies had a total population of 125 individuals, with sample sizes ranging from 1 to 71 participants. Conclusions: The studies showed low evidence of an effect of early intervention on the outcomes muscle tone, social interaction, fine and gross motor skills, intelligence quotient, and socioemotional and adaptive behavior in children with microcephaly. However, further randomized clinical trials are needed. Objective source PubMedMEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE PubMed/MEDLINE databases tone interaction skills quotient child Nonrandomized Non Interventions Assessment Evaluation synthesis 26 identified criteria 12 individuals participants Conclusions However needed 2

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar, de forma sistemática, estudos sobre a interferência da estimulação precoce no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças com microcefalia. Fontes de dados: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed/MEDLINE), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Cochrane Library. Foram incluídos estudos que abordassem o uso de estímulo precoce em ambientes lúdicos e interativos em crianças com microcefalia. Não foram impostas restrições quanto à data de publicação e ao idioma dos estudos. Como desfechos, avaliaram-se tônus muscular, interação social, habilidades motoras fina e grossa, quociente de inteligência, comportamento socioemocional e adaptativo da criança. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos e o nível de evidência científica foram avaliados pelo Risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions, Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials e Grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 264 artigos, entretanto apenas sete atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os estudos incluídos totalizam uma população de 125 indivíduos, com amostras que variaram de um a 71 participantes. Conclusões: Os estudos demonstraram a existência de baixa evidência quanto à interferência da intervenção precoce nos desfechos tônus muscular, interação social, habilidades motoras finas e grossas, quociente de inteligência e comportamento socioemocional e adaptativo em crianças com microcefalia. No entanto, novos ensaios clínicos randomizados ainda são necessários. Objetivo Revisar microcefalia Tratase Trata se Medicine PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMedMEDLINE PubMed/MEDLINE , PubMed MEDLINE (PubMed/MEDLINE) BVS (BVS avaliaramse avaliaram muscular social grossa criança nonrandomized non interventions assessment evaluation 26 artigos elegibilidade 12 indivíduos 7 participantes Conclusões grossas entanto necessários (PubMed/MEDLINE 2 1

Abstract Introduction Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face behavioral, sensory processing, cognitive, and language challenges that affect their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) and necessitate access to educational, therapeutic, and health services. The COVID-19 pandemic limited access to these essential services, exacerbating the challenges faced by this vulnerable population due to imposed social distancing measures. Objective To explore the perceptions of parent caregivers of preschoolers with ASD regarding their children’s behavior and performance in ADL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This cross-sectional, descriptive study utilized both quantitative and qualitative approaches, interviewing 60 caregivers of preschoolers with ASD. Participants were asked about any observed changes in their child’s behavior and ability to engage in ADL during the pandemic. Child characterization involved the Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication (ACSF:SC), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), and the Sensory Profile 2 (SP-2). Interviews were documented, with 15 recorded and transcribed for thematic content analysis. Results Participants included 43 mothers, 15 couples, and two fathers, totaling 60 children, of whom 46 (76.7%) were boys aged between 3 and 5 years (mean age 53.6 ±10.18 months). Caregivers reported changes in behavior and performance in ADL, predominantly noting deterioration. Increases in stereotypic behaviors, rigidity, and hyperfocus were observed, along with decreased participation in ADL. While the presence of caregivers benefited some children, it also led to reported stress, particularly among mothers. Conclusion The study found a predominant trend of deteriorating behavior and performance in ADL among children with ASD during the pandemic, based on caregiver reports. (ASD behavioral processing cognitive (ADL educational therapeutic services COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 measures childrens s crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional approaches 6 childs child Functioning ACSFSC, ACSFSC ACSF SC , (ACSF:SC) PEDICAT, PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT) SP2. SP2 SP . (SP-2) documented 1 analysis 4 mothers couples fathers 76.7% 767 76 7 (76.7% mean 536 53 53. 1018 10 18 ±10.1 months. months months) deterioration behaviors rigidity stress reports COVID1 COVID- (ACSF:SC (PEDI-CAT (SP-2 76.7 (76.7 101 ±10. (SP- 76. (76. ±10 (SP (76 ±1 (7 ± (

Resumo Introdução Crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) podem apresentar questões comportamentais, no processamento sensorial, na cognição e na linguagem, que afetam seu desempenho ocupacional, necessitando de acesso a serviços escolares, terapêuticos e de saúde. O acesso a esses serviços esteve restrito durante a pandemia de COVID-19, tornando essa população particularmente ainda mais vulnerável às restrições sociais impostas à época. Objetivo Descrever a percepção dos pais cuidadores de pré-escolares com TEA acerca do comportamento e desempenho ocupacional de seus filhos durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método Estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo e qualitativo baseado em entrevistas com 60 cuidadores de pré-escolares com TEA. Os participantes responderam à seguinte pergunta: Você está notando alguma diferença no comportamento e desempenho da criança durante a pandemia? Para caracterização das crianças, foram utilizados o Sistema de Classificação de Funcionalidade no Autismo: Comunicação Social (ACSF:SC), o Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade - Teste Adaptativo de Computador (PEDI-CAT) e o Perfil Sensorial 2 (SP-2). Todas as entrevistas foram anotadas e 15 delas foram gravadas e transcritas. O material foi submetido à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados Foram entrevistadas 43 mães, 15 casais e dois pais de crianças com TEA. Das 60 crianças, 46 (76,7%) eram meninos, com idade de 3 a 5 anos (53,6 ±10,18 meses). Os cuidadores perceberam mudanças no comportamento e desempenho ocupacional, com prevalência de relatos de piora. Houve aumento nas estereotipias, rigidez e hiperfoco, bem como menor engajamento nas atividades cotidianas. A presença dos cuidadores beneficiou algumas crianças, mas há relato de estresse, especialmente por parte das mães. Conclusão Houve variação nos relatos, com maior tendência à piora no comportamento e desempenho ocupacional das crianças com TEA. (TEA comportamentais sensorial linguagem escolares saúde COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 época préescolares pré COVID19. 19. transversal descritivo 6 pergunta Autismo ACSFSC, ACSFSC ACSF SC , (ACSF:SC) PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT SP2. SP2 SP . (SP-2) 1 transcritas conteúdo 4 mães 76,7% 767 76 7 (76,7% meninos 53,6 536 53 (53, 1018 10 18 ±10,1 meses. meses meses) estereotipias hiperfoco cotidianas estresse COVID1 COVID-1 (ACSF:SC (SP-2 76,7 (76,7 53, (53 101 ±10, COVID- (SP- 76, (76, (5 ±10 (SP (76 ( ±1 (7 ±

ABSTRACT When the only information available is the issue parameters, and the intended outwards, machine learning techniques like ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) and ANFIS (Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) been proven to address the complex problems without duplicating the phenomena under investigation. The main prompting characteristics are the height-to-the-thicknesses ratio of prisms and the strength under compression of prisms and mortar were analyzed. As inputs, the prototypes are used as blocks and mortars. Both prototypes were accomplished and evaluated. Thirty-six data sets were gathered for testing in addition to verified technical and subsequently comparison with other empirical computation methods served to validate. The outwards show that the suggested prototypes have good forecast capabilities with negligible error rates. To assess and compare the structural behavior of structural completion of AAC block with the other types. At last, both the machine learning tools are good application and dependability. parameters Artificial Networks Adaptive neurofuzzy neuro fuzzy system investigation heighttothethicknesses height thicknesses analyzed inputs mortars evaluated Thirtysix Thirty six validate rates types last dependability

Cet article retrace l’historique du diagnostic clinique du trouble disruptif avec dysrégulation émotionnelle (TDDE). Basée sur la méthode généalogique, cette catégorie diagnostique est dénaturalisée et recontextualisée dans ses origines. Le concept de dysrégulation émotionnelle est analysé à partir de l’échelle CBCL (Childhood Behavior Checklist), de son identification en tant que trouble bipolaire de l’enfance, de sa transformation ultérieure en diagnostic de TDDE et de sa critique ultérieure, avec la proposition d’inclure les symptômes de dysrégulation émotionnelle dans l’enfance dans le diagnostic du trouble oppositionnel avec provocation. Comme alternative, l’article suggère que l’humeur irritable dans l’enfance est un état affectif primaire, constituant ainsi une prédisposition organique primaire. La régulation émotionnelle, quant à elle, est une construction adaptative qui est modelée tout au long de la vie, générant diverses présentations subjectives. lhistorique l historique TDDE. . (TDDE) généalogique origines léchelle échelle Childhood Checklist, Checklist , Checklist) lenfance, lenfance enfance, enfance dinclure d inclure provocation alternative larticle lhumeur humeur primaire elle vie subjectives (TDDE

Este artículo describe historicamente el diagnóstico clínico del trastorno de desregulación disruptiva del estado de ánimo (TDDEA). Con base en el método genealógico, esta categoria diagnostica se desnaturaliza y recontextualiza en su origen. Se analiza el concepto de desregulación del estado de ánimo a partir de la escala CBCL (Childhood Behavior Checklist), su identificación como trastorno bipolar pediátrico, posterior transformación en el diagnóstico de TDDEA y posterior crítica al mismo, con la propuesta de englobar los síntomas de desregulación del estado de ánimo en el diagnóstico de trastorno negativista desafiante. Como alternativa, se sugiere que el estado de ánimo de irritabilidad en la infancia es un estado afectivo primario, constituyendo una predisposición orgánica primaria. La regulación emocional, por su parte, es una construcción adaptativa, que se modela a lo largo de la vida, generando diversas presentaciones subjetivas. TDDEA. . (TDDEA) genealógico origen Childhood Checklist, Checklist , Checklist) pediátrico mismo desafiante alternativa primario primaria emocional parte adaptativa vida subjetivas (TDDEA

Resumos This article historically outlines the clinical diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Based on the genealogical method, this diagnostic category is denaturalized and recontextualized in its origin. The concept of mood dysregulation is analyzed from the Childhood Behavior Checklist scale (CBCL), its identification as a childhood bipolar disorder, subsequent transformation in the diagnosis of DMDD and subsequent criticism of it, with the proposal of encompassing the symptoms of mood dysregulation humor in childhood into the diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder. As an alternative, the article suggests that irritable mood in childhood is a primary affective state, thus, constituting a primary organic predisposition. Emotional regulation, on the other hand, is an adaptive construction, which is modeled throughout life, generating diverse subjective presentations. DMDD. . (DMDD) method origin CBCL, CBCL , (CBCL) it alternative state thus predisposition regulation hand construction life presentations (DMDD (CBCL

Este artigo se propõe a delinear, historicamente, o diagnóstico clínico do Transtorno Disruptivo da Desregulação do Humor (TDDH). Com base no método genealógico, essa categoria diagnóstica é desnaturalizada e recontextualizada em sua origem. Analisa-se o conceito de desregulação do humor a partir da escala CBCL (Childhood Behaviour Checklist), sua identificação como um transtorno bipolar da infância, posterior transformação no diagnóstico de TDDH e subsequente crítica deste, com a proposta de englobar os sintomas de desregulação do humor na infância, no diagnóstico de transtorno opositor-desafiante. Como alternativa, o artigo sugere que o humor irritadiço na infância é um estado afetivo primário, constituindo-se, assim, em uma predisposição orgânica primária. Já a regulação emocional é uma construção adaptativa, que se modela ao longo da vida, gerando apresentações subjetivas diversas. delinear historicamente TDDH. . (TDDH) genealógico origem Analisase Analisa Childhood Checklist, Checklist , Checklist) deste opositordesafiante. opositordesafiante opositor desafiante. desafiante opositor-desafiante alternativa primário constituindose, constituindose constituindo se, constituindo-se assim primária adaptativa vida diversas (TDDH

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: During development, children face a number of demands and cognitive, behavioral, and social challenges necessary for growth. Cognitive skills make individuals competent and allow them to interact with their environment. OBJECTIVE: To identify the cognitive skills that promote better social insertion in children with autism spectrum disorder within 12 months. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study METHODS: In this study, 21 children aged 3–12 years were assessed, and their mothers were interviewed. Children were enrolled in regular or special autistic schools. Twelve months after the first assessment, the same children participated in the second assessment. In individual interviews, mothers provided data by answering the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale. Each child was assessed individually using the fourth edition of the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale 4th Edition. RESULTS: In the first assessment, the Stanford Binet areas and total scores correlated with the communication domains, daily life abilities, socialization, and total score of the Vineland Scale. After 12 months, a correlation was observed between the Stanford Binet areas and the total and communication domains, daily life abilities, socialization, motor abilities, and total score on the Vineland Scale. CONCLUSION: Logic mathematics and memory promote better social insertion in children with autism spectrum disorder. General cognitive ability promotes communication. BACKGROUND development behavioral growth environment OBJECTIVE 1 SETTING METHODS 2 312 3 3–1 interviewed schools assessment interviews th Edition RESULTS domains abilities socialization CONCLUSION 31 3–

RESUMEN El estilo de vida saludable conlleva un comportamiento adaptable, que es fundamental para la salud mental del hombre e incluye aspectos relacionados con los factores ambientales. La revisión tuvo como objetivo mostrar los avances en las investigaciones sobre los factores de riesgo que contribuyen a la neuroinflamación crónica, sus efectos a nivel cerebral, así como el papel de un estilo de vida saludable en promover la neuroplasticidad. Para ello se realizaron búsquedas principalmente en la base de datos PubMed, y como resultado, se confirmó una asociación positiva entre los estados inflamatorios subclínicos surgidos de estilos de vida poco saludables, y la neuroinflamación crónica con la consecuente neurodegeneración. Lo anterior derivó como conclusión que algunos factores de riesgo como la dieta poco saludable, la obesidad, el estrés, la depresión, la falta de ejercicio físico y los desórdenes del ciclo circadiano son factores conductuales modificables, que deben ser objeto de atención y solución, tanto en lo individual como en lo social. Todo ello resulta un aspecto preocupante en el tema de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas y su enorme costo para la sociedad futura.

ABSTRACT A healthy lifestyle involves adaptive behavior, which is fundamental for men's mental health, and includes aspects related to the environmental factors. The review aimed to show advances in research on the risk factors that contribute to chronic neuro-inflammation, its effects at the brain level, as well as the role of a healthy lifestyle in promoting neuroplasticity. For this purpose, searches were carried out mainly in the PubMed database, and as a result, a positive association was confirmed between subclinical inflammatory states arising from unhealthy lifestyles, and chronic neuro-inflammation with consequent neuro-degeneration. The above led to the conclusion that some risk factors such as unhealthy diet, obesity, stress, depression, lack of physical exercise, and circadian cycle disorders are modifiable behavioral factors, which should be the object of attention and solution, both individually and socially. All of this is a worrying aspect of the issue of neurodegenerative diseases and their enormous cost for future society.

Resumo Antecedentes O complexo da esclerose tuberosa (CET) é uma doença genética autossômica dominante com ampla expressividade clínica, cognitiva e comportamental. Objetivo Avaliar o perfil neuropsicológico de indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de CET e os fatores que poderiam impactar significativamente o seu desenvolvimento cognitivo. Métodos Ao todo, 62 indivíduos com idades entre 3 e 38 anos foram acompanhados em um hospital terciário do Sul do Brasil e avaliados por meio de uma bateria padrão e das Escalas de Comportamento Adaptativo Vineland, quando observada deficiência intelectual. Resultados Encontrou-se histórico de epilepsia em 56 participantes (90,3%) e de deficiência intelectual em 31 (50%). Quanto à outra metade dos indivíduos com CET sem deficiência intelectual, 8 (12,9%) apresentaram classificação limítrofe, 20 (32,2%) apresentaram pontuações médias e 3 (4,8%) estavam acima da média. No total, 17 participantes (27,4%) preenchiam os critérios diagnósticos para o transtorno do espectro autista. Os resultados da análise de regressão linear múltipla sugeriram que as crises epilépticas, a idade ao diagnóstico, a percepção visual e a atenção geral impactam significativamente os índices de desempenho cognitivo. Conclusão Este estudo sugere que a ocorrência de crises epilépticas e a maior idade ao diagnóstico contribuem para um maior comprometimento nos domínios do desenvolvimento cognitivo, e destaca-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce e da prevenção das crises epilépticas ou do seu rápido controle. O desenvolvimento de habilidades de atenção, percepção visual e funções executivas deve ser acompanhado. (CET clínica comportamental cognitivo todo 6 Vineland Encontrouse Encontrou se 5 90,3% 903 90 (90,3% 50%. 50 50% . (50%) 12,9% 129 12 9 (12,9% limítrofe 2 32,2% 322 32 (32,2% 4,8% 48 4 (4,8% média total 1 27,4% 274 27 (27,4% autista destacase destaca controle acompanhado 90,3 (90,3 (50% 12,9 (12,9 32,2 (32,2 4,8 (4,8 27,4 (27,4 90, (90, (50 12, (12, 32, (32, 4, (4, 27, (27, (90 (5 (12 (32 (4 (27 (9 ( (1 (3 (2

Abstract Background Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a wide clinical, cognitive, and behavioral expressivity. Objective To assess the neuropsychological profile of individuals clinically diagnosed with TSC and the factors that could significantly impact their cognitive development. Methods A total of 62 individuals with ages ranging from 3 to 38 years were followed up in a tertiary attention hospital in Southern Brazil, and they were assessed using a standard battery and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, when intellectual disability was observed. Results History of epilepsy was found in 56 participants (90.3%), and 31 (50%) presented an intellectual disability. Among the other half of TSC individuals without intellectual disability, 8 (12.9%) presented borderline classification, 20 (32.2%) presented average scores, and 3 (4.8%) were above average. In total, 17 participants (27.4%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis suggested that seizures, age at diagnosis, visual perception, and general attention significantly impact cognitive performance indexes. Conclusion The present study suggests that the occurrence of epileptic seizures and older age at diagnosis contribute to higher impairment in the domains of cognitive development, underlining the importance of early diagnosis and the prevention of epileptic seizures or their rapid control. The development of attentional skills, visual perception, and executive functions must be followed up. (TSC clinical expressivity 6 Brazil Scales observed 5 90.3%, 903 90.3% , 90 (90.3%) 50% 50 (50% 12.9% 129 12 9 (12.9% classification 2 32.2% 322 32 (32.2% scores 4.8% 48 4 (4.8% 1 27.4% 274 27 (27.4% perception indexes control skills 90.3 (90.3% (50 12.9 (12.9 32.2 (32.2 4.8 (4.8 27.4 (27.4 90. (90.3 (5 12. (12. 32. (32. 4. (4. 27. (27. (90. ( (12 (32 (4 (27 (90 (1 (3 (2 (9

ABSTRACT In this project, was carried out the research and development of a blade angle control system in a wind turbine. This development was carried out using the Matlab software, with the respective tools it has. Theoretical models were analyzed and implemented, such as a three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine rotor, mechanical transmission and adaptive Proportional-Integral control system with variable gains whose value was controlled by Fuzzy Logic controllers, were also implemented a statistical model of wind to analyze the behavior of the wind turbine in conditions that would simulate natural weather conditions (turbulence in the wind). Modeling was performed using the Simulink tool and then a general model was assembled by assembling each block. Tests were carried out with changes in wind speed within the ranges that can be considered normal and later the system was pushed to the limit, raising the wind speed to speeds higher than those allowed to carry out the emergency aerodynamic braking test. It was observed that the system; by varying the pitch and gains of the PI controller, it rejected the disturbances and changes in the wind speed, maintaining the rotational speed of the rotor and the mechanical power, likewise in the work region that exceeds the established limits, it performed the corresponding braking.

RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se llevó a cabo la investigación y el desarrollo de un sistema de control de ángulo de palas (pitch) en un aerogenerador. Dicho desarrollo se realizó utilizando el software Matlab, con las respectivas herramientas que posee. Se analizaron e implementaron modelos teóricos del rotor de un aerogenerador de eje horizontal de tres palas, de la transmisión mecánica y un sistema de control Proporcional-Integral adaptativo con ganancias variables cuyo valor se controló mediante controladores Fuzzy Logic, también se implementó un modelo estadístico del viento para analizar el comportamiento del aerogenerador en condiciones que simularían las condiciones meteorológicas naturales (turbulencias en el viento). Se realizó el modelado utilizando la herramienta Simulink y posteriormente se montó un modelo general ensamblando cada bloque. Se realizaron pruebas con cambios en la velocidad del viento dentro de los rangos que se pueden considerar normales y posteriormente se llevó el sistema al límite, elevando la velocidad del viento a velocidades superiores a las permitidas para realizar la prueba del frenado aerodinámico de emergencia. Se observó que el sistema; variando el pitch y las ganancias del controlador PI, rechazó las perturbaciones y cambios en la velocidad del viento, manteniendo la velocidad de rotación del rotor y la potencia mecánica, asimismo en la región de trabajo que excede los límites establecidos realizó el correspondiente frenado.

Resumen Como en otras regiones americanas, en Colombia la tecnología lítica ha ocupado un lugar central a la hora de documentar y caracterizar las ocupaciones humanas antes de la aparición de la alfarería. El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer una revisión de dos temas de la arqueología temprana colombiana mirados desde la tecnología lítica. El primero, el poblamiento pleistoceno de Colombia. En este apartado se analiza la relación de la tecnología lítica con las estrategias de subsistencia, y con potenciales movimientos démicos en el Noroccidente de Suramérica durante el Tardiglacial. El segundo, los cambios adaptativos relacionados con la llegada del Holoceno. En esta segunda parte, se analizan cambios en las estrategias de subsistencia, a partir del análisis de las azadas, uno de los artefactos más representativos de la geografía colombiana, vinculado al uso temprano de plantas y a los orígenes de su cultivo.

Abstract As in other regions in the Americas, lithic technology in Colombia has played a key role documenting and characterizing human behavior using the archaeological record before pottery was introduced. This paper aims to review two topics of the early archaeological evidence in Colombia from a lithic technology point of view. First, the Pleistocene peopling of Colombia. Here we will analyze the relation between lithic technology, subsistence strategies, and potential demic migration in Northwest South America during the last tardiglacial period. Second, the adaptive responses related with the transition to and arrival of the Holocene. Here we will analyze the adaptive strategies to subsistance, though the analysis of axes/waisted hoes, a highly representative artifact in Colombian geography, associated with the early use of plants and the origins of plant cultivations.

RESUMEN Introducción: La Asociación Americana de Retraso Mental caracteriza la discapacidad intelectual por limitaciones significativas en el funcionamiento intelectual y la conducta adaptativa (habilidades prácticas, sociales y conceptuales), que se inicia antes de los 18 años de edad. Objetivo: Caracterizar las causas de la discapacidad intelectual en una muestra de niños institucionalizados en la Escuela Especial de Benguela, en la República Popular de Angola. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal prospectivo a una población de 139 escolares con discapacidad intelectual. Se aplicó la clasificación etiopatogénica de Guvtavson para definir la causa. Resultados: La etiología prenatal fue la más frecuente (45,3 %), seguido de la posnatal (29,5 %) y la perinatal (18,0 %). La ambiental (20,9 %) fue la que más predominó en la categoría prenatal, destacándose el consumo de alcohol (8,6 %). En la etapa perinatal, la hipoxia al nacer (5,0 %) se destacó. La posnatal, la malaria cerebral (15,1 %) fue la primera causa, y es además la tercera más predominante entre todas las categorías. El 80 % de los casos estudiados tenían al menos un familiar con la misma discapacidad. El 68,4 % tuvieron una causa ambiental, siendo totalmente prevenibles. Conclusiones: El estudio corroboró que las noxas que operan en la etapa prenatal inciden en la aparición de la discapacidad intelectual, y se distingue por posicionar a las causas posnatales; en segundo lugar, por la malaria cerebral. Los factores de naturaleza ambiental que operan, tanto en la etapa prenatal como posnatal son los que más inciden y son prevenibles.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The American Association on Mental Retardation characterizes intellectual disability as significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior (practical, social, and conceptual skills), beginning before the age of 18. Objective: To characterize the causes of intellectual disability in a sample of institutionalized children at the Special School in Benguela in the People's Republic of Angola. Material and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out on a population of 139 schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities. Guvtavson etiopathogenic classification was applied to define the cause. Results: Prenatal etiology was the most frequent (45.3%), followed by postnatal (29.5%) and perinatal ones (18.0%). Environmental etiology (20.9%) was the most prevalent in the prenatal category, highlighting alcohol consumption (8.6%). In the perinatal stage, hypoxia at birth (5.0%) stood out. In the postnatal stage, cerebral malaria (15.1%) was the first cause, being also the third most predominant among all categories. In addition, 80% of the cases studied had at least one relative with the same disability. In summary, 68.4% of the cases had an environmental cause, being totally preventable. Conclusions: The study corroborated that the noxas that operate in the prenatal stage affect the appearance of intellectual disability and is distinguished by positioning postnatal causes; cerebral malaria in second place. The factors of an environmental nature that operate both in the prenatal and postnatal stages are most influencing, but preventable.

Resumen Por lo general, las investigaciones que atienden el fenómeno del confort térmico humano basadas en el enfoque adaptativo, difunden sus hallazgos detallando con suficiente precisión la metodología utilizada y los resultados obtenidos; sin embargo, es limitada la explicación que permite enterar sobre los métodos y los criterios empleados en el procesamiento estadístico de datos que permitió llegar a los resultados referidos. Los métodos estadísticos comúnmente utilizados para interpretar y entender el fenómeno del confort térmico son de tipo univariable y, por lo regular, se basan en la regresión lineal para predecir el comportamiento de una variable a partir de la variación de otra; entre otros, se pueden identificar el método de la regresión lineal simple y el método de Medias por Intervalos de Sensación Térmica, aunque también es posible encontrar estudios que se basan en el método sugerido en la ANSI/ASHRAE 55. Con lo anterior, en este documento se describe un procedimiento que permite procesar estadísticamente los datos a partir de tres etapas: Captura de la base de datos, preparación de la base de datos y correlación de los datos. En cada caso se ofrece precisión de los pasos a seguir y, en algunos, diferentes alternativas estadísticas que permiten ofrecer certidumbre en la búsqueda de los resultados. A partir de diferentes estudios especializados en confort térmico es posible identificar que el método de Medias por Intervalos de Sensación Térmica ofrece resultados con mayor consistencia y causalidad respecto a la sensación térmica percibida y su correspondencia fenomenológica con el monitoreo de las condiciones ambientales de estudio. Adicionalmente, como complemento a este documento, se comparte una hoja de cálculo que presenta los métodos que en él se describen.

Abstract Existing research literature on adaptive thermal comfort studies shows the methodology used and results obtained; however, the information for data analysis is reduced. Methods commonly used to interpret and understand the thermal comfort phenomenon are univariate type and, usually, use the linear regression to predict the behavior of one variable from the variation of other; among others, Simple Linear Regression method and Averages by Thermal Sensation Interval method can be identified, although it is also possible to find studies based on the ANSI/ASHRAE 55 method or on machine-learning algorithms. This document describes a procedure that allows three-stages data to be statistically processed: Database capture, Database preparation, and Data Correlation. In each case, the steps to be followed are specified and different statistical alternatives are indicated to achieve certainty in the results. From different studies specialized in thermal comfort, it is possible to identify that the Averages by Thermal Sensation Interval method offers results with greater consistency and causality regarding the perceived thermal sensation and its phenomenological correspondence with the monitoring of the environmental conditions. As a complementary resource, a personalized spreadsheet whit the three methods described in this paper is including.