Schiff bases are diverse organic compounds with an azomethine structure (–C=N–), holding potential in both chemistry and biology. They serve as catalysts, stabilizers, and exhibit various biological activities. The molecular structure of Schiff bases influences their biological properties, including antimicrobial effects. Redox-active compounds with more negative potentials tend to be more effective against microbes. In one of our recent studies, we explored the antimicrobial properties of two Schiff bases derivatives, SB-1 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino) and SB-2 ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline). SB-1 showed antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria, while SB-2 did not. The difference in their cyclic voltametric profiles, especially SB-1’s more negative reduction potential, prompted us to carry out further characterizations, including scan-rate studies, solvent analysis, and computational calculations. We found that SB-1, which presents a stable intramolecular hydrogen bond, undergoes irreversible oxidation, likely at the –NH2 group, and a quasi-reversible reduction via an intramolecular reductive coupling of the (–C=N–) azomethine group, supported by orbital theoretical calculations. This research sheds light on the potential applications of Schiff bases in antimicrobial contexts, guided by their redox properties and structure. –C=N–, CN –C=N– , C N biology catalysts stabilizers activities effects Redoxactive Redox active microbes studies derivatives SB1 SB 1 SB- E4amino33,5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino335ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino Eaminoditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E 4 amino 3 3,5 di tert butyl 2 hydroxybenzylidene 5 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino SB2 E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline. E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline Enitrobenzilideneaminoaniline nitrobenzilidene aniline . ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline) Grampositive Gram positive bacteria not profiles SB1s SBs s characterizations scanrate scan rate analysis calculations SB1, 1, bond oxidation NH2 NH –NH group quasireversible quasi reversible (–C=N– contexts –C=N E4amino33 5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino ditertbutyl hydroxybenzylideneamino 35 3, nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline (–C=N Eamino E4amino3 ditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino

To discover new bisamide compounds with insecticidal and fungicidal activities, 19 novel cyproflanilide derivatives containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole group were designed and synthesized according to the principle of biologically active factor splicing. Preliminary biological assay data indicated that the majority of target compounds demonstrated significant insecticidal activity against Lepidopteran pests. Meanwhile, compounds 5p and 5q showed 97.22 and 100% lethality against Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 400 mg L-1, which were better than cyproflanilide (41.11% at 400 mg L-1). In addition, it is exciting that we have achieved our initial goals as some of the target compounds exhibited both insecticidal and fungicidal activities. For instance, compounds 5b and 5c showed 59.26 and 74.07% fungicidal activities against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1, as well as 100% insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella and armyworm at 100 mg L-1. Compound 5h showed 100% insecticidal activity against armyworm at 10 mg L-1, and also displayed 66.67% fungicidal activity against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1. The inhibition rate of compounds 5l and 5s against Cucumber downy mildew reached 88.89 and 96.30% at 400 mg L-1. This work showed the effectively fungicidal application of 1,2,4-oxadiazole group in bisamide compounds and provides insights for optimal structural design. 1 1,2,4oxadiazole 124oxadiazole oxadiazole 1,2,4 2 4 splicing pests Meanwhile p q 9722 97 22 97.2 40 L1, L1 L 1, L-1 41.11% 4111 41 11 (41.11 L1. . L-1) addition instance b c 5926 59 26 59.2 7407 74 07 74.07 1. h 6667 66 67 66.67 l s 8889 88 89 88.8 9630 96 30 96.30 design 4oxadiazole 124 1,2, 972 9 97. L- 41.11 411 (41.1 592 5 59. 740 7 0 74.0 666 6 66.6 888 8 88. 963 3 96.3 12 1,2 41.1 (41. 74. 66. 96. 41. (41 (4 (

Resumen Introducción. Los plaguicidas son utilizados para controlar las plagas y enfermedades en las actividades agrícolas. El manejo inadecuado de estos productos constituye un riesgo potencial para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Objetivo. Evaluar la presión toxicológica (eco) ejercida por los plaguicidas sintéticos en los cultivos de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó una base de datos de la Dirección Provincial de Sanidad Vegetal para el período 2016-2019, donde se tomaron los plaguicidas asignados a la provincia para este cultivo y se compararon con los declarados por los agricultores entrevistados. Para la obtención de los resultados se utilizó el indicador dual POCER, que determinó la presión ejercida por los diferentes plaguicidas y su referencia nociva sobre el ser humano y el medio ambiente. Resultados. La tendencia del consumo de plaguicidas (resumida en tablas y gráficos) mostró una disminución del 50 %, que corresponde a la política de protección de los cultivos del país. Los agricultores mencionaron el uso de ingredientes activos autorizados y no autorizados en las encuestas realizadas, y en las muestras analizadas se detectaron dieciséis ingredientes activos de alto riesgo. Al evaluar los resultados de POCER y muestras analizadas se observó que existe una gran presión (eco)toxicológica tanto para el medio ambiente como para la salud humana ejercida por un grupo de ingredientes activos de alta toxicidad utilizados en el cultivo de tabaco de la provincia. Conclusión. Con la utilización del indicador dual POCER, se obtiene una evaluación de la presión (eco)toxicológica ejercida por los plaguicidas sintéticos utilizados en el cultivo del tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba para el período de estudio.

Abstract Introduction. Pesticides are used to control pests and diseases in agricultural activities. Improper management of these products poses a potential risk to human health and the environment. Objective. To evaluate the (eco)toxicological pressure exerted by synthetic pesticides on tobacco crops (Nicotiana tabacum) in the province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Materials and methods. A database from the Provincial Directorate of Plant Health for the period 2016-2019 was used, where the pesticides assigned to the province for this crop were compared with those reported by interviewed farmers. The dual indicator POCER was used to obtain the results, determining the pressure exerted by different pesticides and their harmful reference on humans and the environment. Results. The trend in pesticide consumption (summarized in tables and graphs) showed 50 % decrease, corresponding to the country’s crop protection policy. Farmers mentioned the use of authorized and unauthorized active ingredients in the conducted surveys, and sixteen high-risk active ingredients were detected in the analyzed samples. Evaluating the POCER results and analyzed samples, a significant (eco)toxicological pressure was observed on both the environment and human health, exerted by a group of high-toxicity active ingredients used in tobacco cultivation in the province. Conclusion. Using the dual indicator POCER provides an evaluation of the (eco)toxicological pressure exerted by synthetic pesticides used in the tobacco cultivation (Nicotiana tabacum) in the province of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, for the study period.

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal (DRET) geralmente enfrentam uma rotina desafiadora de hemodiálise, restrições alimentares e diversos medicamentos, podendo afetar sua função hemodinâmica. Abordagens domiciliares, seguras e não farmacológicas, como a estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC), devem ser combinadas com tratamento convencional. Objetivo: Avaliar segurança e viabilidade da ETCC na pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca em pacientes com DRET em hemodiálise. Método: Estudo paralelo, randomizado, controlado por placebo. Foram incluídos pacientes em hemodiálise por mais de três meses. Os pacientes receberam dez sessões não consecutivas de ETCC de 2mA no córtex motor primário. Cada sessão durou 20 minutos. No início do estudo e após cada uma das dez sessões, a pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca dos pacientes foram medidas a cada hora durante quatro horas. Resultados: Trinta pacientes foram randomizados para grupo ativo ou sham. A diferença média entre grupos foi calculada como valor médio do grupo sham menos valor médio do grupo ativo. Apesar de não haver alterações estatísticas para todos os desfechos considerando as 10 sessões, encontramos diferenças entre os grupos para pressão arterial sistólica –10,93 (–29,1; 7,2), diastólica –3,63 (–12,4; 5,1) e média –6,0 (–16,3; 4,2) e frequência cardíaca 2,26 (–2,5; 7,1). Não encontramos eventos adversos graves. O grupo ativo apresentou valores maiores de pressão arterial em todos os pontos, enquanto a frequência cardíaca foi menor no grupo ativo. Conclusão: ETCC é segura e viável para pacientes com DRET submetidos à hemodiálise. Estudos futuros devem investigar se a ETCC pode potencialmente induzir um efeito hipotensor protetor durante a hemodiálise. Introdução (DRET medicamentos hemodinâmica domiciliares farmacológicas ETCC, , (ETCC) convencional Objetivo Método paralelo randomizado placebo meses mA primário 2 minutos horas Resultados 1 1093 93 –10,9 –29,1 291 29 (–29,1 7,2, 72 7,2 7 7,2) 363 3 63 –3,6 –12,4 124 12 4 (–12,4 5,1 51 5 60 6 0 –6, –16,3 163 16 (–16,3 4,2 42 226 26 2,2 –2,5 25 (–2,5 7,1. 71 7,1 . 7,1) graves pontos Conclusão (ETCC 109 9 –10, –29, (–29, 7, 36 –3, –12, (–12, 5, –6 –16, (–16, 4, 22 2, –2, (–2, –10 –29 (–29 –3 –12 (–12 – –16 (–16 –2 (–2 –1 (–1 (– (

Abstract Introduction: Patients with end-stage renal disease often face a challenging routine of hemodialysis, dietary restrictions, and multiple medications, which can affect their hemodynamic function. Home-based, safe, and nonpharmacological approaches such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) should be combined with conventional treatment. Objective: To assess the safety and feasibility of tDCS on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Method: This is a parallel, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Patients undergoing hemodialysis for more than three months were included. The patients received ten non-consecutive 2mA tDCS sessions on the primary motor cortex . Each session lasted 20 minutes. At baseline and after each of the ten sessions, blood pressure and heart rate of the patients were measured hourly for four hours. Results: Thirty patients were randomized to the active or sham group. The mean difference between the groups was calculated as the mean value of the sham group minus the mean value of the active group. Despite there were no statistical changes for all outcomes considering all 10 sessions, we found differences between groups for systolic –10.93 (–29.1;7.2), diastolic –3.63 (–12.4; 5.1), and mean blood pressure –6.0 (–16.3; 4.2) and hear rate 2.26 (–2.5; 7.1). No serious adverse events were found. The active group showed higher blood pressure values at all points, while heart rate was lower in the active group. Conclusion: tDCS is safe and feasible for patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Future studies should investigate whether tDCS could potentially induce a hypotensive protective effect during hemodialysis. Introduction endstage end stage restrictions medications function Homebased, Homebased Home based, based Home-based (tDCS treatment Objective Method parallel shamcontrolled controlled trial included nonconsecutive non consecutive mA 2 minutes hours Results 1 1093 93 –10.9 –29.17.2, 29172 –29.1 7.2 , 29 7 (–29.1;7.2) 363 3 63 –3.6 –12.4 124 12 4 (–12.4 5.1, 51 5.1 5 5.1) 60 6 0 –6. –16.3 163 16 (–16.3 4.2 42 226 26 2.2 –2.5 25 (–2.5 7.1. 71 7.1 7.1) points Conclusion 109 9 –10. 17 –29.17.2 2917 291 –29. 72 7. (–29.1;7.2 36 –3. –12. (–12. 5. –6 –16. (–16. 4. 22 2. –2. (–2. –10 –29.17. –29 (–29.1;7. –3 –12 (–12 – –16 (–16 –2 (–2 –1 –29.17 (–29.1;7 (–1 (– (–29.1; ( (–29.1 (–29. (–29

Resumo Introdução: Disfunção erétil (DE) é um problema sexual comum entre homens com doença renal crônica (DRC). A gravidade da disfunção sexual tende a piorar com a lesão renal. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar função erétil e qualidade de vida sexual de pacientes homens adultos com DRC em hemodiálise (HD) em um hospital na Amazônia brasileira. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo quantitativo transversal no Setor de HD da Unidade de Nefrologia, incluindo homens com DRC ≥ 18 anos, submetidos a ≥ 3 sessões semanais de HD por ≥ 3 meses e sexualmente ativos por ≥ 6 meses. Utilizamos o Quociente Sexual Masculino (QSM) para medir satisfação sexual e o Índice Internacional de Função Erétil (IIEF5) para estabelecer função erétil. A análise estatística foi realizada com o SPSS 21.0 usando testes apropriados, como Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (P < 0,05). Resultados: Avaliamos 98 pacientes (51,68 ± 15,28 anos). Eles eram predominantemente casados/ou vivendo com um(a) parceiro(a) (60,20%), com tempo de HD entre 1 e 5 anos (55,10%) e KTV médio de 1,17. A prevalência de DE foi 66,30% e foi associada a maior faixa etária (p = 0,01), menor renda familiar (p = 0,02), diabetes (p = 0,01), menor hemoglobina corpuscular média (p = 0,04), maior cálcio total (p = 0,04) e menor albumina (p = 0,03). Aproximadamente 75% classificaram sua vida sexual como regular a excelente. Conclusão: Apesar da elevada prevalência de DE, a maioria dos homens com DRC em HD relatou vida sexual regular a excelente. O estudo ressalta a importância de estabelecer triagem eficaz e realizar avaliações de rotina sobre questões sexuais nesses homens. Introdução (DE DRC. . (DRC) (HD brasileira Métodos Realizouse Realizou se Nefrologia QSM (QSM IIEF5 IIEF (IIEF5 210 21 0 21. apropriados MannWhitney Mann Whitney KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis P 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) Resultados 9 51,68 5168 51 68 (51,6 1528 15 28 15,2 anos. anos) casadosou casados ou uma um(a parceiroa parceiro parceiro(a 60,20%, 6020 60,20% , 60 20 (60,20%) 55,10% 5510 55 10 (55,10% 117 17 1,17 6630 66 30 66,30 p 0,01, 001 0,01 01 0,01) 0,02, 002 0,02 02 0,02) 0,04, 004 0,04 04 0,03. 003 0,03 03 0,03) 75 excelente Conclusão (DRC (IIEF 2 00 0,0 51,6 516 (51, 152 15, 602 60,20 (60,20% 55,10 551 (55,10 11 1,1 663 66,3 7 0, 51, (51 60,2 (60,20 55,1 (55,1 1, 66, (5 60, (60,2 55, (55, ( (60, (55 (60 (6

Abstract Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common sexual problem among men with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The severity of sexual dysfunction tends to worsen with kidney damage. This study aims to evaluate the erectile function and sexual quality of life of adult male CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in a hospital located in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was performed within the HD Sector of the Nephrology Unit including men with CKD aged ≥ 18 years, undergoing ≥ 3 weekly HD sessions for ≥ 3 months who had been sexually active for ≥ 6 months. We used the Male Sexual Quotient (MSQ) to measure sexual satisfaction and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF5) to establish erectile function. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 21.0 using appropriate tests, such as Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis (P < 0.05). Results: Ninety-eight patients (51.68 ± 15.28 years) were evaluated. They were primarily married/or living with a partner (60.20%), with HD time between 1 to 5 years (55.10%), and an average KTV of 1.17. ED prevalence was 66.30%, and it was associated with a higher age group (p = 0.01), lower family income (p = 0.02), diabetes (p = 0.01), lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin (p = 0.04), higher total calcium (p = 0.04), and lower albumin (p = 0.03). Around 75% classified their sex life as regular to excellent. Conclusion: Despite the high ED prevalence, most men with CKD in HD reported experiencing regular to excellent sex life. The study underscores the importance of establishing effective screening and conducting routine evaluations regarding sexual issues in these men. Introduction (ED CKD. . (CKD) damage (HD Amazon Methods crosssectional cross sectional MSQ (MSQ IIEF5 IIEF (IIEF5 210 21 0 21. tests MannWhitney Mann Whitney KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis P 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) Results Ninetyeight Ninety eight 51.68 5168 51 68 (51.6 1528 15 28 15.2 evaluated marriedor married or 60.20%, 6020 60.20% , 60 20 (60.20%) 55.10%, 5510 55.10% 55 10 (55.10%) 117 17 1.17 6630 66 30 66.30% p 0.01, 001 0.01 01 0.01) 0.02, 002 0.02 02 0.02) 0.04, 004 0.04 04 0.04) 0.03. 003 0.03 03 0.03) 75 Conclusion (CKD (IIEF 2 00 0.0 51.6 516 (51. 152 15. 602 60.20 (60.20% 551 55.10 (55.10% 11 1.1 663 66.30 7 0. 51. (51 60.2 (60.20 55.1 (55.10 1. 66.3 (5 60. (60.2 55. (55.1 66. ( (60. (55. (60 (55 (6

Resumo O “International Group for Lean Construction” busca adaptar à indústria de Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção (AEC) uma nova filosofia gerencial. O aprendizado dessa filosofia pode ser apoiado pela utilização de metodologias ativas, especialmente dos jogos didáticos (do inglês “serious games”). Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a evolução da aplicação de jogos didáticos como técnica de aprendizagem baseada em classes de problemas, no contexto da comunidade da Construção Enxuta.Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura e a análise de uma experiência empírica, em uma disciplina de graduação de arquitetura e urbanismo. Os resultados demonstram a evolução do uso dessas técnicas, bem como suas implicações para a formação e treinamento de profissionais da AEC. International Construction Arquitetura AEC (AEC gerencial ativas serious games. games . games”) problemas EnxutaFoi Enxuta Foi empírica urbanismo técnicas games”

Abstract The “International Group for Lean Construction” aims to adopt a new management philosophy for the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. Learning this philosophy can be supported by using active methodologies, especially serious games. This work aimed to analyse the evolution of using serious games as a teaching technique based on problem classes, in the context of the Lean Construction community. A literature review and an analysis of an empirical experience were carried out in an architecture and urbanism undergraduate course. The results demonstrate the evolution of the use of these techniques, as well as their implications for the education and training of AEC professionals. International Architecture Engineering (AEC industry methodologies classes community course techniques professionals

BACKGROUND: The work environment presents major challenges for breastfeeding mothers through the physical separation of the mother and the baby post maternity leave OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of employed breastfeeding mothers from designated workplaces (with more than 50 employees) in Worcester, South Africa METHOD: This qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions (FDGs). Employed breastfeeding mothers from designated retail, manufacturing and public workplaces were recruited from local communities. Eligible participants were those who had exclusively or predominantly breastfed their children for up to 6 months and had given birth within the last 24 months. A community fieldworker recruited participants and coordinated scheduling for the FDGs RESULTS: Five FDGs (N=24) were conducted. The mothers described returning to work as emotionally and logistically challenging. Those who continued breastfeeding while working demonstrated a strong commitment to and belief in breastfeeding. Consistent enabling factors and main sources of support mentioned included immediate family members, such as grandmothers, siblings and spouses. The challenges identified were a lack of private spaces and time to express breastmilk at work, an unsupportive workplace culture and a lack of work-life balance. The support needs identified for a successful return to work while breastfeeding included flexible schedules, designated private spaces for expressing milk, supportive colleagues and managers and active engagement with senior management on breastfeeding support CONCLUSION: There is a need for psychosocial support for breastfeeding mothers to manage the emotional demands of returning to work and logistical support, such as providing breastfeeding spaces and time for expressing breastmilk. Human resource managers, occupational health nurses and wellness officials should inform mothers about the recommendation to provide breastfeeding breaks at work. Engagement and advocacy efforts with workplaces and these stakeholders on the importance of breastfeeding support should be initiated

Resumen: Las clases de Geometría son complicadas de entender para los estudiantes porque es difícil imaginarse las formas de las figuras que se estudian y sus características. En esta investigación, se diseñaron clases basadas en el constructivismo, que fueron aplicadas a estudiantes de una carrera de educación. El objetivo fue validar esta propuesta de clases, que hacen énfasis en la participación activa del estudiante en su formación, donde se proponen actividades que incentivan el aprendizaje mediante el uso de materiales manipulables, software educativo y aplicaciones de la geometría a la vida cotidiana. La investigación fue un estudio de caso que tuvo un enfoque cualitativo. Se diseñaron 4 clases y se intervino a un grupo de 40 estudiantes de una carrera de educación y mediante un grupo focal se reflexionó sobre su experiencia con la propuesta. Como resultado, los estudiantes mencionaron que les motivó trabajar con métodos activos y en colaboración con sus compañeros; que la manipulación de recursos didácticos concretos y virtuales les facilita la comprensión de temas que usualmente son complejos. En conclusión, el desarrollo de clases constructivistas plantea al docente el uso de nuevas metodologías y recursos educativos, que incentiven a los estudiantes a lograr aprendizajes significativos y duraderos.

Abstract: Geometry classes are always complicated for students to understand, because it is difficult to imagine the shapes of the figures being studied and their characteristics. In this research, classes based on constructivism were designed, which were then applied to students of an education career, the objective was to validate this proposal for classes that emphasize the active participation of the student in their training, where activities are proposed that encourage learning through the use of manipulatives, educational software and applications of geometry to everyday life. The research is a case study that had a qualitative approach, 4 classes were designed and a group of 40 students from an education degree were interviewed, then, using the focus group technique, they reflected on their experience with the new classes. As a result, the students mentioned that they are motivated to work with active methods and in collaboration with their classmates, that the manipulation of concrete and virtual teaching resources makes it easier for them to understand topics that are usually complex. In conclusion, the development of constructivist classes proposes to the teacher the use of new methodologies and educational resources, which motivate and encourage students to achieve significant and lasting learning.

Resumen El fandom de K-pop es un fenómeno global que se ha identificado como un grupo que muestra preocupación y empatía por valores universales. En América Latina, incluyendo Chile, la participación del fandom de K-pop en movimientos sociopolíticos ha ido en aumento. Este artículo busca determinar la influencia del fandom de K-pop en el fortalecimiento de la ciudadanía global. La investigación se enfoca en la influencia del fandom en los movimientos sociopolíticos, destacando el activismo y el fandom participativo en América Latina a través del caso de Kpopers por Boric en Chile. Este artículo tiene dos objetivos. Por una parte, busca determinar de qué forma influyó el fandom de K-pop en los fanáticos para que asumieran un rol sociopolítico activo, es decir, determinar si la pertenencia al fandom influyó en los fans, fortaleciendo así el concepto de ciudadanía global. El segundo objetivo es analizar cómo los fans asumieron ese rol activo en Chile. Utilizamos una metodología cualitativa, empleando como herramientas un cuestionario y entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas. Se concluye que, gracias a los movimientos de su activismo participativo, el fandom de K-pop fortalece la ciudadanía global como consecuencia de la incorporación de sus elementos (dignidad humana y el respeto por los derechos humanos), conformando una K-global citizenship.

Abstract K-pop fandom is a global phenomenon that has been identified as a group that shows concern and empathy for universal values. In Latin America, including Chile, K-pop fandom’s participation in socio-political movements has been increasing. This article seeks to determine the influence of K-pop fandom in strengthening global citizenship. Specifically, this research focuses on the influence of fandom in socio-political movements, highlighting activism and participatory fandom in Latin America through the case of Kpopers for Boric in Chile. This article has two objectives. On the one hand, it seeks to determine how K-pop fandom influenced fans to take an active socio-political role, that is, to determine whether membership of the fandom influenced fans, thus strengthening the concept of global citizenship. The second objective is to analyze how fans assumed this active role in Chile. We used a qualitative methodology, employing a questionnaire and semistructured in-depth interviews as methodological tools. We conclude that thanks to its participatory activism movements, K-pop fandom strengthens global citizenship because of the incorporation of its elements (human dignity and respect for human rights), shaping a K-global citizenship.

The social and political history of South Africa yielded massive transformation in the higher education landscape, including access to education and the merger of universities. Despite the many successes of transformation, it brought with it challenges such as increasing participation, student retention, throughput, and graduation rates; changes in government funding models; declining student subsidies and providing quality education with limited resources. The South African higher education sector is multi-faceted, and students have a wide range of higher education options. This study explored factors influencing decision-making of first-year students when selecting a university. Data was collected from first-year students and employees at a University of Technology. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the researchers analysed the complex factors that guide students' decision-making when selecting a university. The findings revealed that factors significantly influencing decision-making on university selection are, the reputation and quality of university programmes offered, response time and support provided by staff; location; and infrastructure and facilities. This research is significant in that it will assist higher education institutions, particularly marketing and communications departments to be more responsive to students' needs by shifting toward active engagement in its marketing and recruitment approaches to attract, retain, and satisfy students.

Abstract In March 1913, Armando de Almeida won the "Semana Desportiva" (Sports Week) marathon organised by the newspaper O Mundo. In May of the same year, he repeated the feat by winning the marathon at the National Olympic Games, then the most important athletics competition in the country. For these victories, he is considered the national marathon champion for 1913 by the Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo (Portuguese Athletics Federation). It is worth noting that the Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo only formally existed in 1921. Against the backdrop of significant political and social upheaval and within an elitist and largely unstructured ecosystem, Armando de Almeida stood out among the core group of athletes participating in these new forms of leisure and mass cultural demonstrations - long-distance pedestrian races. His active involvement in the running culture of the metropolis coincided with the emergence and growth of the Black movement (1911-1933) - which pioneered political activism against racism in Portugal. This text delves into the recovery of photographs and narratives from the early days of Portuguese athletics, aiming to biograph Armando de Almeida. Through an exercise of empathy and activism, it contributes to the debate, counteracting historical oversights and invisibilities. Additionally, it attempts to reconstruct the connections between the athlete's emancipatory endeavours and the organisation of political and social movements during the turbulent period of the First Republic. Set in the capital of a colonial empire with a notable presence of people of African descent, it explores this centuries-old historical phenomenon.

Resumo Em março de 1913, Armando de Almeida venceu a maratona da “Semana Desportiva” do jornal O Mundo. Em maio do mesmo ano repetiu a proeza ao vencer a maratona dos Jogos Olímpicos Nacionais, na altura, a mais importante competição de atletismo no país. Por essas vitórias, é considerado o campeão nacional da maratona para o ano de 1913 pela Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo. Recordemos que a Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo só existe formalmente desde 1921. É, conjuntamente, num contexto de grande perturbação político-social e num ecossistema elitista, programaticamente desestruturado, que Armando de Almeida se destaca do grupo matricial de atletas que tomavam parte nestas novas formas de lazer e demonstrações de cultura de massas - as corridas pedestres de longa distância. A sua presença ativa na cultura de corrida da metrópole é contemporânea com a origem e constituição do movimento negro (1911-1933) - pioneiro no combate político antirracista em Portugal. Neste texto, que tem como ponto de partida o resgate de fotografias e narrativas dos primórdios da história e da memória do atletismo português, procuramos biografar Armando de Almeida, num exercício simultâneo de empatia e militância como contributo para o debate, contrariando invisibilidades consequentes de negligências historiográficas. Tentamos, também, reconstituir a possibilidade de articulação entre os percursos emancipatórios do atleta com a organização de movimentos políticos e sociais no tumultuoso momento histórico da Primeira República, numa capital de império colonial, com expressiva presença de pessoas afrodescendentes, esse fenómeno histórico plurissecular.

Resumen Introducción: El presente artículo presenta la percepción de las personas residentes de Rincón Grande de Pavas, conjunto de barrios vulnerables que se encuentran en la capital costarricense, al accionar policial en la lucha a la venta de drogas a escala local, y los rumores negativos que circulan a respecto. Dichos rumores reflejan el descontento de tal población hacia las fuerzas de policía que llevan a cabo sus labores en el área analizada. Objetivo: En Costa Rica no se han realizado estudios sobre el control policial de la venta de drogas en zonas urbano-marginalizadas del país y sus consecuencias respecto a la relación entre las fuerzas de policía y la población local. El presente artículo busca colmar este vacío y, para hacerlo, se enfoca en el análisis del caso de Rincón Grande de Pavas. Metodología: Para llegar a las conclusiones aquí presentadas, el autor se basa en 67 entrevistas en profundidad que llevó a cabo, principalmente, con residentes de la zona analizada, entre marzo 2019 y marzo 2020; además de un grupo focal realizado con cinco policías de Pavas en febrero del 2019. Resultados: Los resultados presentados establecen que, según las personas residentes de Rincón Grande de Pavas, la policía en esta localidad, en general, es ineficaz y, respecto a la venta de drogas, participa activamente a los mercados ilegales y hace un uso excesivo e indiscriminado de la fuerza. Estos los elementos que generan mayor aversión entre quienes habitan la zona, mermando así la legitimidad de las fuerzas de policía.

Abstract Introduction: This article shows that among residents of Rincon Grande of Pavas, a group of vulnerable neighborhoods in capital of Costa Rica, circulate negative rumors regarding police activity against drug dealing. These rumors reflect discontent of local population towards police forces in the analyzed area. Objective: There are no studies in Costa Rica about police control over drug dealing in marginalized urban areas, and its consequences with regards to the relation between the police forces and the local population. This article seeks to bridge this gap and, to do so, analyzes the case of Rincon Grande of Pavas. Methodology: In order to reach the conclusions presented in this article, the author uses 67 in depth interviews carried out mainly with residents of the analyzed area between March 2019 and March 2020, and a focus group with five police officers in February 2019. Results: Results show that, according to the residents of Rincon Grande of Pavas, police in this area in general is ineffective and, regarding drug dealing, has an active participation in illegal marketsand makes an excessive and indiscriminate use of force. These are the elements that produce the most aversion among the inhabitants of the area, thus reducing the legitimacy of police forces.

Abstract Introduction : Although therapeutic advances have improved results of cutaneous melanoma (CM), senti nel node-positive patients still have substantial risk to develop recurrent disease. We aim to investigate prog nostic indicators associated with disease recurrence in positive-sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) patients in a Latin-American population. Methods : Retrospective analysis of CM patients and positive-SLNB (2010-2020). Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (completion lymph node dissection, CLND), Group B (active surveillance, AS). Association of demographics, tumor data and SLN features with recurrence-free (RFS), distant metastases-free (DMFS) and melanoma specific (MSS) survival was analyzed. Results : Of 205 patients, 45 had a positive SLNB; 27(60%) belonged to Group A and 18(40%) to Group B. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 16 patients (12 in Group A and 4 in Group B) developed recurrent dis ease and estimated 5-yr RFS at any site was 60% (CI95%, 0.39 - 0.77) (44.5% in CLND group vs. 22% in AS group; P = 0.20). Estimated 5-yr DMFS and MSS: 65% (CI 95%, 0.44 - 0.81) and 73% (CI 95%, 0.59 - 0.89) with no differ ences between groups (p = 0.41 and 0.37, respectively). Independent predictors of poorer MSS were extranodal extension (ENE) and MaxSize > 2 mm of melanoma deposit in SLN. Factors independently associated with DMFS: Breslow depth > 2 mm, ENE, number (≥ 2) of posi tive SN and CLND status. Conclusion : Primary tumor and SN features in mela noma provide important prognostic information that help optimize prognosis and clinical management. AS is now the preferred approach for most positive-SLNB CM patients.

Resumen Introducción : Si bien los avances terapéuticos han permitido mejorar los resultados del melanoma cutáneo (MC), los pacientes con ganglio centinela positivo (BGCP) aún tienen riesgo elevado de desarrollar recurrencia de la enfermedad. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar in dicadores pronósticos asociados a dicho evento en una población latinoamericana. Métodos : Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con MC y BGCP entre 2010-2020. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos: Grupo A (linfadenectomía terapéutica) y Grupo B (Vigilancia activa, VA). Se analizaron datos demográficos, tumorales y características del GC junto con sobrevida-libre de recurrencia (SLR), libre de metástasis a distancia (SLMD) y específica de melanoma (SEM). Resultados : De 205 pacientes, 45 presentaron BGCP; 27 (60%) perteneció al Grupo A y 18 (40%) al Grupo B. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 36 meses, 16 pa cientes (12 en Grupo A y 4 en Grupo B) desarrollaron enfermedad recurrente con una SLR a 5 años de 60% (IC95%: 0.39-0.77) (44.5% en Grupo B vs. 22% en Grupo A; P = 0.20). Las SLMD y SEM estimadas a 5 años fueron de 65% (CI 95%, 0.44 - 0.81) y 73% (CI 95%, 0.59 - 0.89) sin diferencias entre ambos grupos (p = 0.41 y 0.37, respec tivamente). Los predictores independientes de peor SEM fueron: extensión extranodal (ENE) y MaxSize > 2mm de depósito tumoral en GC. Los factores asociados de forma independiente con SLMD fueron Breslow >2mm, ENE, número (≥ 2) de GC positivos y el status (positividad) de la linfadenectomía. Conclusión : Características del tumor primario y del GC brindan información importante que ayuda a optimi zar el pronóstico y manejo clínico de los pacientes con MC. La VA es actualmente el abordaje de elección para la mayoría de los pacientes con BGCP.

Abstract This article intends to rescue the history of thousands of women workers who fought for the right to work and for better living conditions during the Portuguese revolutionary period. We have chosen as object of analysis the sector of electronic components production, where the workforce was mostly women. For this purpose, we mainly selected the factories of the ITT group - Standard Electrical and Semiconductors -, Plessey and Applied Magnetics. With April 25, 1974, the possibilities for change were latent and were experienced by the working class, even though the historiography of this period is predominantly male. Contrary to this perception, we highlight how women not only participated, but were active agents in the struggles unleashed in the various spaces, with emphasis on the factory confrontations.

Resumo O presente artigo tem por objetivo resgatar a história de milhares de mulheres operárias que lutaram pelo direito ao trabalho e por melhores condições de vida durante o período revolucionário português. Escolhemos, enquanto objeto de análise, o setor da produção de componentes eletrónicos onde a força de trabalho era maioritariamente feminina. Para este fim, selecionamos sobretudo as fábricas do grupo ITT - Standard Elétrica e Semicondutores -, Plessey e Applied Magnetics. Com o 25 de Abril de 1974, as possibilidades de mudança eram latentes e foram experimentadas pela classe trabalhadora, ainda que a historiografia deste período seja predominantemente masculina. Contrariando essa perceção, destacamos como as mulheres não apenas participaram, mas foram agentes ativas nas lutas desencadeadas nos diversos espaços sociais com destaque para os confrontos fabris.

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the impact of cholecalciferol (D₃ ) supplementation using clinical and paraclinical variables in patients with RA and vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included patients from 5 to 40 years with a diagnosis of RA and vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. They were supplemented for 8 weeks with 4000 or levels at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: A total of 31 patients were included, with a mean age of 18.19 years. In the active group, there was a significant improvement in symptomatology with respect to the TNSS score and an increase in serum vitamin D levels (p < 0.01). There were no adverse reactions with cholecalciferol or placebo. Conclusions: Supplementing patients with vitamin D₃ , at the evaluated dose, together with conventional treatment for allergic rhinitis results in symptoms and quality of life improvement in patients with this disease.

Resumen Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto de la suplementación con colecalciferol (D₃) mediante variables clínicas y para clínicas en pacientes con RA e insuficiencia y deficiencia de vitamina D. Métodos: Estudio aleatorio, doble ciego, placebo controlado, en el que se incluyeron pacientes de 5 a 40 años, con diagnóstico de RA e insuficiencia y deficiencia de vitamina D. Fueron suplementados con 4000 o 5000 UI,dependiendo de la edad, durante 8 semanas. Mensualmente se midió la puntuación total síntomas nasales (TNSS) y las concentraciones de 25(OH)D₃ al inicio y al final del estudio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 31 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 18.19 años. En el grupo activo existió una mejoría significativa en la sintomatología respecto a la puntación de TNSS y un incremento en los niveles séricos de vitamina D (p < 0.01). No se presentaron reacciones adversas con la ingesta de colecalciferol o placebo. Conclusiones: Suplementar a los pacientes con vitamina D₃ , a la dosis evaluada, junto con el tratamiento convencional para la rinitis alergica resulta en una mejoría sintomática y en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con esta enfermedad.