The President's power to grant pardons, remit fines, penalties or forfeitures and the nature of the accountability for the exercise of such power remains unclear. The question of accountability relates to whether the President has a constitutional obligation to disclose the reasons for his decision. The nature of the power is broadly formulated and should undergo reform to enhance the attendant accountability. Over the years, there were debates on whether the granting of pardons constitutes administrative action in terms of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act (PAJA). Because it is a power that potentially has an adverse effect on rights enshrined in the Bill of Rights, it is submitted that it should be construed in terms of PAJA. Similarly, the role of Parliament in exercising oversight over the process is unclear and inadequate. The article submits that the President should exercise the power together with the relevant Cabinet Minister, and subject to legislative endorsement.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the costs and profile of patients who have filed a lawsuit against the Ministry of Health for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with the onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma®). METHODS This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a census design, based on records of lawsuits filed against the Ministry of Health between January 2019 and September 2022. Data was requested from the Ministry of Health via the Access to Information Act. Information was extracted on the epidemiological profile of the beneficiaries of the lawsuits, as well as the expenses spent by the Ministry of Health in cases where the requests were granted. RESULTS 136 lawsuits were identified, of which 113 (83%) were favorable to patients at a cost of R$ 944.8 million in the period analyzed. Demographic (gender and age), clinical (SMA subtypes, use of ventilatory or nutritional support), and lawsuit (type of legal service) characteristics were not associated with the granting of lawsuits. Prior use of medication (nusinersena or ridisplam) was associated with the dismissal of lawsuits. Of the 113 lawsuits granted in favor of patients, only six (5.3%) would meet the criteria currently established by the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation - Conitec (children up to six months without ventilatory and nutritional support). R$ 146 million was spent on supplying Zolgensma to children over the age of two, which is outside the recommendation contained in the drug’s package leaflet. CONCLUSIONS The Ministry of Health incurs a high cost with the judicialization of Zolgensma for SMA, representing 2.45% of total spending on medicines in the Unified Health System, including spending by the three administrative spheres. Some of the lawsuits have been granted in disagreement with the criteria established by health technology assessment agencies and the drug manufacturer’s recommendations. SMA Zolgensma®. Zolgensma® . (Zolgensma®) crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional design 201 2022 Act 13 identified 11 83% 83 (83% R 9448 944 8 944. analyzed gender age, , age) subtypes support, support support) type service nusinersena ridisplam 5.3% 53 5 3 (5.3% support. 14 two drugs s leaflet 245 2 45 2.45 System spheres manufacturers manufacturer recommendations (Zolgensma® 20 202 1 (83 94 5.3 (5.3 24 4 2.4 (Zolgensma (8 9 5. (5. 2. ( (5

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar os custos e o perfil dos pacientes que demandaram judicialmente o onasemnogene abeparvoveque (Zolgensma®) para o tratamento da atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) no Ministério da Saúde. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, de natureza descritiva e desenho censitário, com base em registros de ações judiciais movidas contra o Ministério da Saúde no período de janeiro de 2019 a setembro de 2022. Os dados foram solicitados ao Ministério da Saúde, via Lei de Acesso à Informação. Foram extraídas informações sobre o perfil epidemiológico dos beneficiários das ações judiciais, bem como os gastos dispendidos pelo Ministério da Saúde nos casos de deferimento das solicitações. RESULTADOS Foram identificados 136 processos judiciais, dos quais 113 (83%) foram favoráveis aos pacientes ao custo de R$ 944,8 milhões no período analisado. Características demográficas (sexo e idade), clínicas (subtipos da AME, uso de suporte ventilatório ou nutricional) e do processo judicial (tipo de serviço advocatício) não foram associadas com o deferimento das ações judiciais. O uso prévio de medicamento (nusinersena ou ridisplam) foi associado com o indeferimento dos processos judiciais. Das 113 ações judiciais concedidas em favor dos pacientes, apenas seis (5,3%) atenderiam aos critérios estabelecidos atualmente pela Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias – Conitec (crianças com até seis meses sem suporte ventilatório e nutricional). Houve dispêndio de R$ 146 milhões com o fornecimento do Zolgensma para crianças com idade superior a dois anos, que está fora da recomendação contida na bula do medicamento. CONCLUSÕES O Ministério da Saúde incorre em um alto custo com a judicialização do Zolgensma para AME, representando 2,45% do gasto total com medicamentos no Sistema Único de Saúde, incluindo gastos das três esferas administrativas. Parte das demandas judiciais tem sido deferida em divergência com os critérios estabelecidos por agências de avaliação de tecnologias em saúde e recomendações do fabricante do medicamento. Zolgensma® (Zolgensma® AME (AME transversal censitário 201 2022 Informação solicitações 13 11 83% 83 (83% R 9448 944 8 944, analisado sexo idade, , idade) subtipos nutricional tipo advocatício nusinersena ridisplam 5,3% 53 5 3 (5,3% nutricional. . 14 anos 245 2 45 2,45 administrativas (Zolgensma 20 202 1 (83 94 5,3 (5,3 24 4 2,4 (8 9 5, (5, 2, ( (5

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the costs and profile of patients who have filed a lawsuit against the Ministry of Health for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with the onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma®). METHODS This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a census design, based on records of lawsuits filed against the Ministry of Health between January 2019 and September 2022. Data was requested from the Ministry of Health via the Access to Information Act. Information was extracted on the epidemiological profile of the beneficiaries of the lawsuits, as well as the expenses spent by the Ministry of Health in cases where the requests were granted. RESULTS 136 lawsuits were identified, of which 113 (83%) were favorable to patients at a cost of R$ 944.8 million in the period analyzed. Demographic (gender and age), clinical (SMA subtypes, use of ventilatory or nutritional support), and lawsuit (type of legal service) characteristics were not associated with the granting of lawsuits. Prior use of medication (nusinersena or ridisplam) was associated with the dismissal of lawsuits. Of the 113 lawsuits granted in favor of patients, only six (5.3%) would meet the criteria currently established by the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation - Conitec (children up to six months without ventilatory and nutritional support). R$ 146 million was spent on supplying Zolgensma to children over the age of two, which is outside the recommendation contained in the drug’s package leaflet. CONCLUSIONS The Ministry of Health incurs a high cost with the judicialization of Zolgensma for SMA, representing 2.45% of total spending on medicines in the Unified Health System, including spending by the three administrative spheres. Some of the lawsuits have been granted in disagreement with the criteria established by health technology assessment agencies and the drug manufacturer’s recommendations.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar os custos e o perfil dos pacientes que demandaram judicialmente o onasemnogene abeparvoveque (Zolgensma®) para o tratamento da atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) no Ministério da Saúde. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, de natureza descritiva e desenho censitário, com base em registros de ações judiciais movidas contra o Ministério da Saúde no período de janeiro de 2019 a setembro de 2022. Os dados foram solicitados ao Ministério da Saúde, via Lei de Acesso à Informação. Foram extraídas informações sobre o perfil epidemiológico dos beneficiários das ações judiciais, bem como os gastos dispendidos pelo Ministério da Saúde nos casos de deferimento das solicitações. RESULTADOS Foram identificados 136 processos judiciais, dos quais 113 (83%) foram favoráveis aos pacientes ao custo de R$ 944,8 milhões no período analisado. Características demográficas (sexo e idade), clínicas (subtipos da AME, uso de suporte ventilatório ou nutricional) e do processo judicial (tipo de serviço advocatício) não foram associadas com o deferimento das ações judiciais. O uso prévio de medicamento (nusinersena ou ridisplam) foi associado com o indeferimento dos processos judiciais. Das 113 ações judiciais concedidas em favor dos pacientes, apenas seis (5,3%) atenderiam aos critérios estabelecidos atualmente pela Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias – Conitec (crianças com até seis meses sem suporte ventilatório e nutricional). Houve dispêndio de R$ 146 milhões com o fornecimento do Zolgensma para crianças com idade superior a dois anos, que está fora da recomendação contida na bula do medicamento. CONCLUSÕES O Ministério da Saúde incorre em um alto custo com a judicialização do Zolgensma para AME, representando 2,45% do gasto total com medicamentos no Sistema Único de Saúde, incluindo gastos das três esferas administrativas. Parte das demandas judiciais tem sido deferida em divergência com os critérios estabelecidos por agências de avaliação de tecnologias em saúde e recomendações do fabricante do medicamento.

Resumen La elección de san Bernardo como santo patrono de la ciudad de México en el año de 1699 expuso los vínculos entre el Ayuntamiento de la capital virreinal, el convento de monjas bernardas y algunos miembros del Consulado de Comerciantes. La elección posibilitó que autoridades, religiosas y comerciantes se valieran de prácticas como el otorgamiento de créditos y la toma de decisiones político-administrativas locales para obtener beneficios propios. Tales prácticas respondieron a dinámicas coyunturales de negociación entre corporaciones tras la crisis de abastecimiento de granos que originó el tumulto de 1692. Estas prácticas permitieron al corregidor Carlos Tristán del Pozo, al regidor-comerciante Pedro Jiménez de los Cobos y a los oficiales del Ayuntamiento, Simón Fernández de Angulo y Juan García de las Rivas, fungir como agentes transversales.

Abstract The election of san Bernardo as patron saint of Mexico City in 1699 exposed the links between the City Council of the viceregal capital, the convent of the Bernardas, and some members of the Consulate of Merchants. The election made it possible for authorities, members of the Church, and merchants to make use of practices such as the granting of loans and the making of local political-administrative decisions for personal profit. Such practices were the result of conjunctural negotiation dynamics among corporations, which occurred after the grain supply crisis that originated the tumult of 1692. These practices allowed the corregidor, Don Carlos Tristán del Pozo, the regidor-merchant, Don Pedro Jiménez de los Cobos, and the city council officials, Simón Fernández de Angulo and Juan García de las Rivas, to act as transversal agents.

There has (to date) been no legislation enacted by the South African government that fully recognises marriages concluded in terms of Islamic law (Islamic marriages) as well as the Islamic law consequences that flow from these marriages. Some South African Muslims have opted to conclude marriages in terms of South African law (civil marriages) in addition to their Islamic marriages. This could be referred to as dual marriages. The civil marriages as well as its consequences (not the Islamic law consequences) would then be fully protected in terms of South African law. It is quite interesting to note that s 5A of the Divorce 70 of 1979 authorises a court to refuse the granting of a civil divorce if either of the parties would not be free to remarry subsequent to the granting of the civil divorce. This article analyses how s 5A of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 applies to dual marriages. It looks at the impact of s 5 A of the Divorce Act on dissolution of dual marriages concluded by Muslims within the South African legal context. The dissolution of Islamic marriages within the South African legal context is looked at by way of introduction. The dissolution of a civil marriage within the context of a dual marriage (couple married in terms of Islamic law and civil law) is then looked at. The article concludes with an overall analysis of the findings and makes recommendations.

The court in Baleni v Minister of Mineral Resources [2019] 2 SA 453 GP and [2020] 4 All SA 374 (GP), deliberated on the protection of rights of a community holding informal land tenure under Customary Law. The contention related to the necessary level of consent needed to acquire a mining right over such land. Moreover, whether consultations with such communities (Section 23, Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) or consent (Section 2, Interim Protection of Informal Land Rights Act, No. 31 of 1996 (IPILRA)) was required to acquire such right. The case has a significant bearing on the granting of mining rights in South Africa, and the discretion of the Minister of Mineral Resources (the Minister) in this regard. However, the objectives of the MPRDA and IPILRA do not dovetail, therefore consultation and consent are not mutually exclusive (Tlale, 2020). This note argues that, despite the resounding victory of this case, the peripheral basis surrounding the decision and the various levels of engagement require serious deliberation. Equally, the degree of reliance on the IPILRA requires clarity to avoid aborting the fundamental objectives of the MPRDA. This paper provides considerations and recommendations that may reduce or eliminate the tensions between the statutory and socio-economic rights in the application of the two statutes.

Abstract This article is focused on the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the legal sector. The premise is that positive law can adapt to new phenomena concerning the juridical agency of AI, assuming, as a hypothesis, that Brazilian LLC could grant AI a de facto legal personality. It uses legal methodology of comprehensive-propositional type, engaging in inductive-deductive reasoning. The work critically analyses data from primary and secondary direct sources. The first part is dedicated to making general points about AI. To face the new challenges, in Europe, the discussions are moving in the direction of granting legal personhood to AI. In the second part, Prof. Shawn Bayern’s theory emerges as an alternative. According to him, it is possible to use an American LLC to encapsulate autonomous systems, letting them act juridically through this legal entity. In the sequence, Bayern's proposition is analyzed from the perspective of Brazilian LLC law, reaching the conclusion that the pace of technological innovations will soon lead to similar legal structures in Brazil.

Resumo Este artigo tem por objeto os impactos da Inteligência Artificial (IA) no setor jurídico. Parte-se da premissa de que o direito posto é capaz de se adaptar a novos fenômenos relativos à agência das IA tendo-se, como hipótese, que a estrutura jurídica da sociedade limitada brasileira poderia servir como meio de sua personificação de facto. A metodologia empregada é de vertente jurídico-dogmática, de tipo compreensivo-propositivo, valendo-se do raciocínio indutivo-dedutivo. O trabalho é desenvolvido a partir do levantamento e da análise crítica de dados provenientes de fontes diretas primárias e secundárias. A primeira parte do trabalho é dedicada a um panorama geral sobre o tema. Para enfrentar os novos desafios, na Europa, as discussões estão se desenvolvendo no sentido de conferir personalidade jurídica à IA. Na segunda parte, a teoria do Prof. Shawn Bayern emerge como uma alternativa. De acordo com esse autor, é possível utilizar a LCC (Limited Liability Company) para encapsular sistemas autônomos, permitindo que eles atuem juridicamente por intermédio dessa entidade. Na sequência, a proposição de Bayern é analisada na perspectiva do direito brasileiro das sociedades limitadas, chegando-se à conclusão de que o caminhar das inovações tecnológicas irá, em breve, levar a estruturas jurídicas similares no Brasil.

ABSTRACT This article analyses the impact of the constitutional principle of participation in the formation and structure of administrative decisions, based on a study of unilateralism, as a traditionally declared attribute of the administrative acts. Due to the importance of the principle of participation in the Colombian legal system and under the formula of a Social and Democratic State governed by the rule of law, two scenarios of the administrative activity were selected: the granting of environmental licenses and collective bargaining of public employees. In order to determine, applying an inductive method, the way in which participation allows to question the features of the traditional theory of the administrative act, and recognizing nuances that make their typical attributes more flexible.

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza la repercusión del principio constitucional de participación en la formación y estructura de las decisiones administrativas, a partir de un estudio de la unilateralidad como un atributo tradicionalmente predicado de los actos administrativos. En virtud de la importancia que exhibe el principio de participación en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano y bajo la fórmula de Estado social y democrático de derecho, se seleccionaron dos escenarios de la actividad administrativa, concretamente el otorgamiento de licencias ambientales y la negociación colectiva de los empleados públicos, con el fin de determinar, a partir de la aplicación de un método inductivo dentro del análisis de estos ámbitos de referencia, la manera como la participación permite cuestionar los caracteres de la teoría tradicional del acto administrativo, además de reconocer matices que flexibilizan sus atributos típicos.

In tax legislation, a depreciation allowance is applied in three provisions and results in a reduction of taxable amounts. A depreciation allowance is calculated for the period an employer owned a vehicle prior to granting the right of use to an employee (paragraph 7(1) of the Seventh Schedule to the Income Tax Act and section 10(13) of the Value-Added Tax Act) or the period an asset was leased prior to acquisition by the lessee (section 8(5)(bB) of the Income Tax Act). Both periods could consist of or include a period of less than a year. The uncertainty of interest in this article is whether a depreciation allowance should be disregarded or not when a period of less than a year is concerned. The tax implications, wording, and context of the three tax provisions were considered with due regard for the limited current guidance offered by the SARS. The findings of this article suggest that a taxpayer following current guidance in the application of all three tax provisions would not be correct. In line with current guidance relating to paragraph 7(1) of the Seventh Schedule to the Income Tax Act, the depreciation allowance contemplated in section 10(13) of the Value-Added Tax Act should disregard a period of less than a year. Contrary to current guidance, the different context of the depreciation allowance contemplated in section 8(5)(bB) of the Income Tax Act is argued as affording the opportunity to apply the depreciation allowance when a period of less than a year is concerned. A depreciation allowance applied for a period of less than a year would result in a lower recoupment for inclusion in taxable income for normal tax purposes and, as a result, argued as beneficial to taxpayers.

Resumo A proteção social, importante instrumento para elevar a qualidade de vida das pessoas, é base de uma sociedade democraticamente forte. A garantia de realização de direitos sociais reverbera na qualidade da participação popular nos processos políticos, pois as pessoas deixam de se preocupar apenas com questões de mera sobrevivência e passam atuar efetivamente na tomada de decisões da sociedade. Embora a seguridade social demonstre relevância na ordem jurídica, o seu orçamento sofre ingerências que afetam a solvabilidade e robustez do sistema. Objetiva-se estudar a importância desse direito na formação de atores políticos de qualidade. A relevância está nas constantes propostas de maior austeridade no regramento de concessão de benefícios previdenciários e no neoliberalismo que pretende diminuir o tamanho do Estado, o que pode gerar menor cobertura social e diminuição dos índices de qualidade de vida da população, afetando de sobremaneira a participação popular na política. Numa pesquisa doutrinária, foram analisados pensamentos dos juristas a respeito dessa relação entre direitos de seguridade e democracia e se o tratamento desfavorecido conferido a esses direitos reflete na arrecadação. Conclui-se pelo desvirtuamento do tratamento do direito à seguridade social na ordem jurídica, com consequente reflexo nas ingerências sofridas pelo seu orçamento, enfraquecendo a democracia.

Abstract Social protection, an important tool for raising people's quality of life, is the basis of a democratically strong society. The guarantee of realization of social rights reverberates in the quality of popular participation in political processes, as people stop worrying only about issues of mere survival and start to act effectively in the decision-making of society. Although social security shows relevance in the legal order, its budget suffers interference that affects the solvency and robustness of the system. The objective is to study the importance of this right in the formation of quality political actors. The relevance is in the constant proposals for greater austerity in the rules for granting social security benefits and in neoliberalism that aims to reduce the size of the State, which can generate less social coverage and decrease the quality of life indices of the population, greatly affecting popular participation in politics. In a doctrinal research, the jurists' thoughts about this relationship between security rights and democracy were analyzed and if the disadvantaged treatment given to these rights reflects in the tax collection. It concludes by distorting the treatment of the right to social security in the legal order, with a consequent reflection on the interferences suffered by its budget, weakening democracy.

ABSTRACT One of the most important changes in the syllabus improvement is to achieve a more qualitative and comprehensive final evaluation in all disciplines, where interdisciplinary term papers are projected. Therefore, it was considered opportune to unify the term papers of Methodology of Investigation and Health Prevention subjects in the Medical Sciencies Faculty of Holguín, what imposes that professors of both matters act in the same way towards the orientation, follow-up and evaluation of this activity, reason why a guide that facilitates the orientation for work development to the students and criteria uniformity in the teaching staff to evaluate and diminish the subjectivity when granting a qualification was elaborated.

RESUMEN Uno de los cambios más importantes en el perfeccionamiento de los planes de estudio es lograr una evaluación final más cualitativa e integradora en todas las disciplinas, donde se proyecten trabajos de curso interdisciplinarios. Por tanto, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín se consideró oportuno unificar el trabajo de curso de las asignaturas Metodología de la Investigación y Prevención en Salud, lo que impone que los profesores de ambas materias actúen del mismo modo en la orientación, seguimiento y evaluación de esta actividad, motivo por el cual se elaboró una guía que facilita la orientación para el desarrollo del trabajo a los estudiantes y la uniformidad de criterios de los docentes para evaluar y disminuir la subjetividad al otorgar una calificación.

Resumo Parte-se da premissa de que as políticas sobre drogas são objetos construídos discursivamente a partir do envolvimento de diversos atores e de sua capacidade de produzir consensos. Dessa forma, o discurso jornalístico assume um importante papel de mediação entre os leitores e a realidade das políticas sobre drogas. Assim, objetivou-se analisar os discursos sobre a Lei 13.840/2019 em portais de notícias de massa. Trata-se de um estudo documental, de abordagem qualitativa, com aporte da Análise de Discurso Crítica, segundo o método de análise tridimensional de Fairclough. Realizou-se uma busca por notícias sobre a Lei, no período de março a junho de 2020, publicadas on-line nos portais G1, R7, Carta Capital e The Intercept Brasil. Os portais foram escolhidos por serem de acesso gratuito e apresentarem vertentes ideológicas diversas. Destaca-se o conhecimento sobre o contexto de produção da referida Lei, bem como a reprodução do discurso proibicionista hegemônico nas notícias, apesar de algumas contestações pouco claras quanto à alternativa. Observam-se representações distintas sobre a Lei de acordo com o portal em que a notícia foi publicada. Contudo, em geral, o impacto da Lei para a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, quando mencionado, foi abordado de forma superficial.

Abstract This study is based on the premise that drug policies are discursively constructed by the engagement of different social actors and their capacity to forge consensus. Considering that people tend not to seek information on policies by themselves, the journalistic discourse plays an important role in mediating the contact between readers and the reality of drug policies. Thus, this work aims to analyze the discourses around the Act 13.840 of 2019, published at mass media portals online. This is a documental study based on the three-dimensional model for critical discourse analysis developed by Fairclough. The portals G1, R7, Carta Capital, and The Intercept Brasil (chosen due to granting free access and having different ideological perspectives) were searched for articles approaching the Act. Our results indicate that the published articles demonstrate knowledge on policy making and reinforce the hegemonic prohibitionist discourse, despite some unclear objections about possible alternatives. The representations of the Act 13.840 differed according to the publishing portal, but, in general, the articles made few considerations about the impact of the Act on the Psychosocial Support Network.

Resumo Parte-se da premissa de que as políticas sobre drogas são objetos construídos discursivamente a partir do envolvimento de diversos atores e de sua capacidade de produzir consensos. Dessa forma, o discurso jornalístico assume um importante papel de mediação entre os leitores e a realidade das políticas sobre drogas. Assim, objetivou-se analisar os discursos sobre a Lei 13.840/2019 em portais de notícias de massa. Trata-se de um estudo documental, de abordagem qualitativa, com aporte da Análise de Discurso Crítica, segundo o método de análise tridimensional de Fairclough. Realizou-se uma busca por notícias sobre a Lei, no período de março a junho de 2020, publicadas on-line nos portais G1, R7, Carta Capital e The Intercept Brasil. Os portais foram escolhidos por serem de acesso gratuito e apresentarem vertentes ideológicas diversas. Destaca-se o conhecimento sobre o contexto de produção da referida Lei, bem como a reprodução do discurso proibicionista hegemônico nas notícias, apesar de algumas contestações pouco claras quanto à alternativa. Observam-se representações distintas sobre a Lei de acordo com o portal em que a notícia foi publicada. Contudo, em geral, o impacto da Lei para a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, quando mencionado, foi abordado de forma superficial.

Abstract This study is based on the premise that drug policies are discursively constructed by the engagement of different social actors and their capacity to forge consensus. Considering that people tend not to seek information on policies by themselves, the journalistic discourse plays an important role in mediating the contact between readers and the reality of drug policies. Thus, this work aims to analyze the discourses around the Act 13.840 of 2019, published at mass media portals online. This is a documental study based on the three-dimensional model for critical discourse analysis developed by Fairclough. The portals G1, R7, Carta Capital, and The Intercept Brasil (chosen due to granting free access and having different ideological perspectives) were searched for articles approaching the Act. Our results indicate that the published articles demonstrate knowledge on policy making and reinforce the hegemonic prohibitionist discourse, despite some unclear objections about possible alternatives. The representations of the Act 13.840 differed according to the publishing portal, but, in general, the articles made few considerations about the impact of the Act on the Psychosocial Support Network.

Resumo Esta é a publicação do discurso realizado (em catalão) por Jaume Trilla Bernet, professor da Universidade de Barcelona, na solenidade de outorga do título de doutor honoris causa a Paulo Neves Réglus Freire por aquela instituição. Valéria Garcia apresenta ao público brasileiro o professor espanhol, comentando a importância de seu trabalho no campo da educação não formal, bem como suas relações com Freire. No discurso, o professor Trilla faz uma apresentação biográfica do homenageado e passa em revista sua obra, tomando por eixo a relação teoria-prática, explicitando como conceitos centrais: conscientização; diálogo; mudança.

Abstract This is the publication of the speech given (in Catalan) by Jaume Trilla Bernet, professor at the University of Barcelona, at the ceremony for the award of the title of Doctor Honoris Causa to Paulo Neves Réglus Freire by that institution. Valéria Garcia introduces the Spanish teacher to the Brazilian public, commenting on the importance of his work in the field of non-formal education, as well as his relationship with Freire. In the speech, Prof. Trilla makes a biographical presentation of the honoree and reviews his work, taking the theory-practice relationship as its axis, explaining as central concepts: awareness; dialogue; change.

Resumo O presente artigo dialoga com os avanços e os desafios no estabelecimento de um novo marco legal quanto ao fluxo migratório no Brasil. Este trabalho apresenta o tema sobre a regulamentação da concessão de vistos aos migrantes a partir da perspectiva da Lei n. 13.445/2017. Em seguida, aborda-se sobre a concessão de alguns tipos de vistos, que é o documento que dá a seu titular a expectativa de ingresso em território nacional, e a sua regulamentação pelo Decreto n. 9.199/2017 apontando algumas de suas incongruências, o que poderá gerar cerceamento de direitos dos migrantes. A pesquisa é de natureza teórico-bibliográfica e segue o método descritivo-indutivo.

Abstract This article aims to discuss the advances and challenges in the establishment of a new legal framework regarding the migratory flow in Brazil. It presents the theme on the regulation of the granting of visas to migrants from the perspective of n. 13.445/2017 Act. Then, it is approached about the granting of some types of visas, which is the document that gives its holder the expectation of entering the national territory, and its regulation by Decree n. 9.199/2017, pointing out some of its mismatches, which may to curtail the rights of migrants. The research is of theoretical-bibliographic nature following the descriptive-inductive method.