Abstract The article presents the conception of an acoustic project for a new opera house, called “O Guarani”, to be implemented at the federal capital, Brasília, with about 1000 seats. The main focus of the article is the acoustic conditioning of the opera house. Initially, the basic assumptions from the acoustical point of view that an opera house demands are discussed. The main constraints, such as reverberation time, must take into account both music and speech which is a typical characteristic for a room of this kind. Once the architectural concept and the materials to be used have been defined, a computational simulation is carried out, aiming to determine acoustic quality parameters, such as T20, C80 and D50, for receivers distributed in the audience. These parameters proved to be satisfactory for the intended use of the proposed theater. An auralization is then conducted. This is prepared for an aria of the opera “Don Giovanni”, by Mozart, from an anechoic recording of a soprano, interpreting D. Elvira, and ten accompanying musical instruments. The result of the auralization - available at a link - seems to show the good sound quality obtained by the proposed acoustic project. O Guarani, Guarani , Guarani” capital Brasília 100 seats Initially discussed constraints time kind defined out T20 T C C8 D50 D audience theater conducted Don Giovanni, Giovanni Giovanni” Mozart soprano Elvira instruments 10 T2 D5 1

Resumo O artigo apresenta a concepção de um projeto acústico para uma nova casa de ópera, denominada “O Guarani”, a ser implantada na capital federal, Brasília, com cerca de 1000 assentos. O foco principal do artigo é o condicionamento acústico da casa de ópera. São discutidos, inicialmente, os pressupostos básicos do ponto de escuta acústico que uma casa de ópera demanda. Os principais condicionantes, como o tempo de reverberação, devem contemplar tanto a música como a fala, o que é uma característica típica de uma casa do gênero. Definidos os materiais a serem utilizados e a concepção arquitetônica, parte-se, em seguida, para uma simulação computacional acústica, visando a determinação de parâmetros de qualidade acústica, como T 20, C 80 e D 50, para receptores distribuídos na plateia e balcões. Esses parâmetros se mostraram satisfatórios para o uso a que se destina o teatro proposto. Na sequência, é elaborada uma aurilização. Esta é preparada para uma ária da ópera “Don Giovanni”, de Mozart, a partir de uma gravação anecoica de uma soprano, interpretando o personagem D. Elvira, e dez instrumentos musicais acompanhantes. O resultado da aurilização - disponível em um link - parece evidenciar a boa qualidade sonora obtida pelo projeto acústico proposto. Guarani, Guarani , Guarani” federal Brasília 100 assentos discutidos inicialmente demanda condicionantes reverberação fala gênero arquitetônica partese, partese parte se, parte-se seguida acústica 20 8 50 balcões proposto sequência Don Giovanni, Giovanni Giovanni” Mozart soprano Elvira acompanhantes 10 2 5 1

ABSTRACT: The objective of this essay is to highlight the importance of recognizing the physical environment of the classroom as a central element to move towards inclusive education. Through the development of the argument, the aim is to address the following question: Why should educational communities consider the physical dimension of classrooms to advance the implementation of an inclusive framework in their schools? Drawing on the concept of "inclusive practices" (Booth and Ainscow, 2015), a rationale is presented for why it is relevant for educational institutions and their various stakeholders to reflect on the organization and arrangement of school furniture, the place that students occupy in the classroom, and the environmental conditions that characterize that space (lighting, acoustics, visibility). The modification, diversification, and/or flexibility of the physical environment of classrooms can be considered an inclusive practice in schools, as long as it takes into account the needs and voices of students and promotes their participation.

RESUMEN: El presente ensayo tiene por objetivo relevar la importancia de reconocer el ambiente físico de la sala de clases como un elemento central para avanzar hacia una educación inclusiva. A través del desarrollo del argumento se pretende responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Por qué las comunidades educativas deberían considerar la dimensión física del aula para avanzar en la implementación de un enfoque inclusivo en sus escuelas? Tomando como referencia el concepto de “prácticas inclusivas” (Booth y Ainscow, 2015) se expone por qué resulta relevante que las instituciones educativas y sus diferentes actores reflexionen acerca de la organización y disposición del mobiliario escolar, la ubicación de las y los estudiantes en la sala de clases y las condiciones ambientales que caracterizan ese espacio (iluminación, acústica, visibilidad). La apropiación, diversificación y flexibilización del ambiente físico pueden ser consideradas prácticas inclusivas en las escuelas, en tanto consideren las necesidades y voces de las y los estudiantes y promuevan su participación.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate whether there are differences in cepstral and spectral acoustic measures between women with behavioral dysphonia with and without laryngeal lesions and verify whether there is a correlation between such measures and the auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice quality. Methods The sample comprised 78 women with behavioral dysphonia without laryngeal lesions (BDWOL) and 68 with behavioral dysphonia with laryngeal lesions (vocal nodules) (BDWL). Cepstral peak prominence (CPP), cepstral peak prominence-smoothed (CPPS), spectral decrease, and H1-H2 (difference between the amplitude of the first and second harmonics) were extracted. They were submitted to the auditory-perceptual evaluation (APE) of the grade of hoarseness (GH), roughness (RO), breathiness (BR), and strain (ST). Results BDWL women had higher H1-H2 values and lower CPP and CPPS values than BDWOL women. More deviant voices had lower CPP and CPPS values. Breathy voices had lower CPP and CPPS values and higher H1-H2 values than rough ones. There was a weak negative correlation between CPP and RO, a moderate negative correlation with GH, and a strong negative correlation with BR. CPPS had a moderate negative correlation with GH, RO, and BR. H1-H2 had a weak positive correlation with BR. There was a weak positive correlation between spectral decrease and ST. Conclusion H1-H2, CPP, and CPPS were different between BDWOL and BDWL women. Furthermore, cepstral and spectral measures were correlated with the different APE parameters. auditoryperceptual auditory perceptual quality 7 (BDWOL 6 vocal nodules BDWL. . (BDWL) , (CPP) prominencesmoothed smoothed CPPS, (CPPS) H1H2 HH H1 H2 H H1-H difference harmonics extracted (APE GH (GH) RO (RO) BR, BR (BR) ST (ST) ones H1H2, H2, Furthermore parameters (BDWL (CPP (CPPS H1H (GH (RO (BR (ST

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar se existem diferenças nas medidas acústicas cepstrais e espectrais entre mulheres com disfonia comportamental com e sem lesão laríngea, bem como verificar se existe correlação entre tais medidas e o julgamento perceptivo-auditivo da qualidade vocal. Método Participaram 78 mulheres com disfonia comportamental sem lesão laríngea (DCSL) e 68 com disfonia comportamental com lesão laríngea (nódulos vocais) (DCCL). Foram extraídas as medidas CPP (cepstral peak prominence), CPPS (cepstral peak prominence smoothed), declínio espectral e H1-H2 (diferença entre a amplitude do primeiro e do segundo harmônico), assim como o julgamento perceptivo-auditivo (JPA) do grau geral de desvio vocal (GG), graus de rugosidade (GR), de soprosidade (GS) e de tensão (GT). Resultados Mulheres com DCCL apresentaram maiores valores de H1-H2 e menores valores no CPP e CPPS, em relação às mulheres com DCSL. As vozes mais desviadas apresentaram menores valores do CPP e CPPS. As vozes soprosas apresentaram menores valores de CPP e CPPS, assim como maior valor de H1-H2 em relação às vozes rugosas. Houve correlação negativa fraca entre o CPP e o GR, negativa moderada com o GG e negativa forte com o GS. O CPPS apresentou correlação negativa moderada com o GG, GR e GS. A medida H1-H2 apresentou correlação positiva fraca com o GS. Houve correlação positiva fraca entre o declínio espectral e o GT. Conclusão As medidas acústicas H1-H2, CPP e CPPS apresentam diferenças entre mulheres com DCSL e DCCL. Além disso, há correlação entre as medidas cepstrais e espectrais e os diferentes parâmetros do JPA. perceptivoauditivo perceptivo auditivo 7 (DCSL 6 nódulos vocais . (DCCL) cepstral prominence, , prominence) smoothed, smoothed smoothed) H1H2 HH H1 H2 H H1-H diferença harmônico, harmônico harmônico) JPA (JPA (GG) (GR) GS (GS GT (GT) rugosas H1H2, H2, disso (DCCL H1H (GG (GR (GT

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the speech and voice patterns of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients over four years, and correlate the results with clinical aspects of the disease. Methods Data was collected for 4 years. The clinical assessment tools included the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score, the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification, and the Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life 15-item Scale (MG-QoL). To assess speech, the recorded speaking tasks were analyzed acoustically and given auditory-perceptual ratings. Sex (equal distribution) and age (p=0.949) were used as matching criteria in the final sample, which consisted of 10 individuals in the MG group (MGG) and 10 individuals in the control group (CG). Results After 4 years, the MG participants presented stable health status, increased mild and moderate dysarthria (from 40% to 90% of the subjects), and a significant deterioration in the respiration, phonation, and articulation subsystems. The acoustic analysis showed a decline in articulatory patterns (speech rate p=0.047, articulation rate p=0.007, mean syllable duration p=0.007) and vocal quality (increased jitter p=0.022). In the follow-up comparison, there was a significant difference between the phonation variables (shimmer and harmonic-to-noise ratio) of the MGG and CG. Conclusion The MG patients presented a decline in speech over four years and an increase in mild and moderate dysarthria. Despite presenting stable health status, their respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory subsystems worsened. There was no correlation between speech patterns and clinical characteristics of the disease (severity and motor scale). (MG QMG (QMG score MGFA (MGFA classification 15item item 15 MGQoL. MGQoL QoL . (MG-QoL) auditoryperceptual auditory perceptual ratings equal distribution p=0.949 p0949 p 0 949 (p=0.949 sample 1 (MGG CG (CG) status from 40 90 subjects, subjects , subjects) respiration p0047 047 p=0.047 p0007 007 p=0.007 p=0.022. p0022 p=0.022 022 p=0.022) followup follow up comparison shimmer harmonictonoise harmonic noise ratio respiratory phonatory worsened severity scale. scale scale) (MG-QoL p=0.94 p094 94 (p=0.94 (CG 9 p004 04 p=0.04 p000 00 p=0.00 p002 p=0.02 02 p=0.9 p09 (p=0.9 p00 p=0.0 p=0. p0 (p=0. p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o padrão de fala e voz de indivíduos com Miastenia Gravis (MG) em um intervalo de quatro anos e correlacionar com aspectos clínicos da doença. Método A coleta de dados foi realizada ao longo de 4 anos. A avaliação clínica foi composta pelo Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (QMGS), pela Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Classification (MGFA) e pela escala de qualidade de vida para Miastenia Gravis (MG-QOL). A avaliação da fala foi composta por gravação de tarefas, análise perceptivo-auditiva e análise acústica. A amostra final foi composta por 10 indivíduos em MG e 10 indivíduos no grupo controle (GC), pareados por sexo (distribuição igualitária) e idade (p=0,949). Resultados Após 4 anos, os indivíduos com MG apresentaram estabilidade clínica, aumento do diagnóstico de disartria leve e moderada (de 40% para 90% dos sujeitos) e diminuição significativa no desempenho dos subsistemas da fala: respiração, fonação e articulação. Na análise acústica, houve declínio do padrão articulatório (taxa de fala p=0,047, taxa de articulação p=0,007, duração média das sílabas p=0,007) e qualidade vocal (jitter aumentado p=0,022). Houve diferença significativa nas variáveis fonatórias (shimmer e harmonic-to-noise ratio) entre os grupos MG e GC na comparação do seguimento. Conclusão Indivíduos com MG apresentaram declínio no padrão de fala em um intervalo de quatro anos, com aumento no número de disártricos (leve e moderado). Mesmo com a estabilidade da doença, houve piora dos subsistemas respiratório, fonatório e articulatório. Não houve correlação entre o padrão de fala e as características clínicas da doença (gravidade e escala motora). (MG QMGS, QMGS , (QMGS) MGFA (MGFA MGQOL. MGQOL QOL . (MG-QOL) tarefas perceptivoauditiva perceptivo auditiva acústica 1 GC, (GC) distribuição igualitária p=0,949. p0949 p p=0,949 0 949 (p=0,949) 40 90 sujeitos respiração p0047 047 p=0,047 p0007 007 p=0,007 jitter p=0,022. p0022 p=0,022 022 p=0,022) shimmer harmonictonoise harmonic to noise ratio seguimento moderado. moderado moderado) respiratório gravidade motora. motora motora) (QMGS (MG-QOL (GC p094 p=0,94 94 (p=0,949 9 p004 04 p=0,04 p000 00 p=0,00 p002 p=0,02 02 p09 p=0,9 (p=0,94 p00 p=0,0 p0 p=0, (p=0,9 p=0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Purpose To develop the validity step based on the response processes of the Spectrographic Analysis Protocol (SAP). Methods 10 speech therapists and 10 undergraduate students of the Speech Therapy course were recruited, who applied the SAP in 10 spectrograms, performed the evaluation of the PAE items, and participated in a cognitive interview (CI). The SAP was reanalyzed to reformulate or exclude items based on the responses. The chi-square test and the accuracy values were used to analyze the answers to the questionnaires and qualitative analysis of the CI data. Results the participants achieved accuracy > 70% in most items of the SAP. Only seven items achieved accuracy ≤ 70%. There was a difference between presence vs. absence of difficulty in identifying items in the spectrogram. Most participants had no problem identifying the SAP items. In the CI, only six items did not correctly identify the intention, verified in the qualitative analysis. In addition, participants suggested excluding five items. Conclusion After the validation step based on the response processes, the SAP is reformulated. Seven items were deleted, and two items were reformulated. Thus, the final version of the SAP after this stage was reduced from 25 to 18 items, distributed in the five domains. . (SAP) 1 recruited spectrograms CI. (CI) responses chisquare chi square data 70 vs spectrogram intention addition reformulated deleted Thus 2 domains (SAP (CI 7

RESUMO Objetivo desenvolver a etapa de validade baseada nos processos de resposta do Protocolo de Análise Espectrográfica da Voz (PAEV). Métodos foram recrutados dez fonoaudiólogos e dez alunos de graduação em Fonoaudiologia, que aplicaram o PAEV em dez espectrogramas, realizaram o julgamento dos itens do PAEV e participaram de uma entrevista cognitiva. A partir das respostas, o PAEV foi reanalisado para reformulação ou para exclusão de itens. Utilizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado e os valores de acurácia para análise das respostas dos questionários, assim como análise qualitativa dos dados da entrevista cognitiva. Resultados os participantes obtiveram acurácia maior que 70% na maioria dos itens do PAE. Apenas sete itens alcançaram acurácia menor ou igual a 70%. Houve diferença entre as respostas de presença versus ausência de dificuldade na identificação dos itens no espectrograma. A maioria dos participantes não teve dificuldade na identificação dos itens do PAEV. Na entrevista cognitiva, apenas seis itens não obtiveram correta identificação da intenção, conforme verificado na análise qualitativa. Além disso, os participantes sugeriram exclusão de cinco itens. Conclusão após a etapa de validação baseada nos processos de resposta, o PAEV foi reformulado. Sete itens foram excluídos e dois itens foram reformulados. Dessa forma, a versão final do PAEV após essa etapa foi reduzida de 25 para 18 itens, distribuídos nos cinco domínios. . (PAEV) Fonoaudiologia espectrogramas cognitiva Utilizouse Utilizou se QuiQuadrado Qui Quadrado questionários 70 PAE espectrograma intenção disso reformulado reformulados forma 2 1 domínios (PAEV 7

The perception of sound does not depend only on its source, there are many interactions between acoustic waves and the environment, so that, in the case of musical instruments, the room functions as an extension of the instrument. Factors such as geometry, materials, position, are decisive for the perception of sound. Intelligibility and sound pressure level can vary drastically depending on the acoustics of the room. There are appropriate parameters for each type of activity in a room. The reverberation time is one of the acoustic parameters to be observed and, if possible, adapted to the activity to be carried out. The extremes of this parameter, very high and very low, are present in a reverberant chamber and an anechoic chamber, respectively. We carried out some experiments in these two types of rooms and obtained very different values of the sound pressure level for each room, proving how the perception of sound varies and highlighting the need to adapt the room depending on the type of sound source. If it is not possible to adapt the room, you can vary the type of music and the way it is played, in order to produce a good sound perception. source environment that instruments instrument geometry materials position parameter low respectively played

A percepção do som não depende apenas da fonte sonora, há muitas interações das ondas acústicas com o ambiente, de forma que, no caso de instrumentos musicais, a sala funciona como um prolongamento do instrumento. Fatores como geometria, materiais, posição, são determinantes para a percepção do som. A inteligibilidade e o nível de pressão sonora podem variar drasticamente conforme a acústica da sala. Há parâmetros adequados para cada tipo de atividade em uma sala. Uma sala pode ser adequada para determinado tipo de música e para outro tipo não. O tempo de reverberação é um dos parâmetros acústicos a serem observados e, se possível, adaptados para a atividade a ser realizada. Os extremos desse parâmetro, muito alto e muito baixo, estão presentes em uma câmara reverberante e uma câmara anecoica, respectivamente. Fizemos alguns experimentos nesses dois tipos de sala e obtivemos valores muito diferentes do nível de pressão sonora para cada sala, comprovando como a percepção do som varia e evidencia a necessidade de adaptar a sala conforme o tipo de fonte sonora. Se não for possível adaptar a sala, pode-se então variar o tipo de música e a forma de execução, a fim de produzir uma boa percepção sonora. ambiente que musicais instrumento geometria materiais posição realizada parâmetro baixo anecoica respectivamente podese execução

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of assistive listening technology with wireless connectivity in cochlear implant (CI) users in reverberating and noise situations. Methods Prospective cross-sectional study approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (CAAE 8 3031418.4.0000.0068). Adolescents and adults CI users with pre- or post-lingual deafness were selected. For bilateral users, each ear was assessed separately. Speech recognition was assessed using recorded lists of disyllabic words presented at 65 dBA at 0° azimuth with and without the Wireless Mini Microphone 2 (Cochlear™) connected to the Nucleus®6 speech processor. Room reverberation was measured as 550 ms. To assess the contribution of the assistive listening device (ALD) in a reverberating environment, speech recognition was assessed in quiet. To assess the contribution of the ALD in reverberation and noise, speech recognition was presented at 0° azimuth along with the noise coming from 8 loudspeakers symmetrically arranged 2 meters away from the center with multi-talker babble noise using signal to noise ratio of +10dB. To avoid learning bias or fatigue, the order of the tests was randomized. Comparison of means was analyzed by t test for paired samples, adopting significance level of p <0.005. Results Seventeen patients with a mean age of 40 years were invited and agreed to participate, with 2 bilateral participants, totaling 19 ears assessed. There was a significant positive contribution from the Mini Mic2 in reverberation, and noise+reverberation (p <0.001). Conclusion ALD was able to improve speech recognition of CI users in both reverberation and noisy situations. (CI situations crosssectional cross sectional CAAE 3031418.4.0000.0068. 3031418400000068 3031418.4.0000.0068 . 3031418 4 0000 0068 3031418.4.0000.0068) pre postlingual post lingual selected separately 6 0 Cochlear™ Cochlear (Cochlear™ Nucleus6 Nucleus Nucleus® processor 55 ms (ALD environment quiet multitalker multi talker 10dB dB +10dB fatigue randomized samples 0005 005 <0.005 participate participants 1 Mic noisereverberation <0.001. 0001 <0.001 001 <0.001) 303141840000006 3031418.4.0000.006 303141 000 006 (Cochlear 5 00 <0.00 30314184000000 3031418.4.0000.00 30314 <0.0 3031418400000 3031418.4.0000.0 3031 <0. 303141840000 3031418.4.0000. 303 <0 30314184000 3031418.4.0000 30 < 3031418400 3031418.4.000 3 303141840 3031418.4.00 30314184 3031418.4.0 3031418.4. 3031418.4 3031418.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a contribuição da tecnologia de escuta assistida em usuários de implante coclear (IC) em situações de reverberação e ruído. Métodos Estudo transversal prospectivo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética Institucional (CAAE 8 3031418.4.0000.0068). Foram selecionados adolescentes e adultos usuários de IC com surdez pré ou pós-lingual. Para usuários bilaterais, cada orelha foi avaliada separadamente. O reconhecimento de fala foi avaliado por meio de listas gravadas de palavras dissílabas apresentadas a 65 dBA a 0° azimute com e sem o Mini Microfone2 (Cochlear™) conectado ao processador de fala Nucleus®6. A reverberação da sala foi medida como 550 ms. Para avaliar a contribuição do dispositivo de escuta assistida (DEA) em ambiente reverberante, o reconhecimento de fala foi avaliado no silêncio. Para avaliar a contribuição do DEA em reverberação e ruído, o reconhecimento de fala foi apresentado a 0° azimute com o ruído proveniente de 8 alto-falantes dispostos simetricamente a 2 metros de distância do centro com ruído de múltiplos falantes usando relação sinal-ruído de +10dB. Para evitar viés de aprendizado ou fadiga, a ordem dos testes foi randomizada. A comparação das médias foi analisada pelo teste t para amostras pareadas, adotando-se nível de significância de p<0,005. Resultados Dezessete pacientes com idade média de 40 anos foram convidados e concordaram em participar, sendo 2 participantes bilaterais, totalizando 19 orelhas. Houve contribuição positiva significante do Mini Mic2 na reverberação e ruído+reverberação (p<0,001). Conclusão DEA foi capaz de melhorar o reconhecimento de fala de usuários de IC tanto em situações de reverberação quanto ruidosas. (IC CAAE 3031418.4.0000.0068. 3031418400000068 3031418.4.0000.0068 . 3031418 4 0000 0068 3031418.4.0000.0068) póslingual. póslingual pós lingual. lingual pós-lingual bilaterais separadamente 6 0 Microfone Cochlear™ Cochlear (Cochlear™ Nucleus6 Nucleus Nucleus®6 55 ms (DEA reverberante silêncio altofalantes alto sinalruído sinal 10dB dB +10dB fadiga randomizada pareadas adotandose adotando se p0005 p 005 p<0,005 participar 1 orelhas Mic ruídoreverberação p<0,001. p0001 p<0,001 001 (p<0,001) ruidosas 303141840000006 3031418.4.0000.006 303141 000 006 (Cochlear Nucleus® 5 p000 00 p<0,00 (p<0,001 30314184000000 3031418.4.0000.00 30314 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,00 3031418400000 3031418.4.0000.0 3031 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 303141840000 3031418.4.0000. 303 p<0 (p<0, 30314184000 3031418.4.0000 30 p< (p<0 3031418400 3031418.4.000 3 (p< 303141840 3031418.4.00 (p 30314184 3031418.4.0 3031418.4. 3031418.4 3031418.

Abstract Sound speed profiles in the ocean are determined by seawater properties, where horizontal variability of thermal stratification modulates sonar detection distance. This work assesses the impacts of upwelling dynamics on sound speed profile in enclosed coastal areas by means of temperature observations acquired with a low-cost platform in Anjos Cove, Cabo Frio, Brazil. The Integrated Acquisition System for Research in Acoustics (IARA) consists of a customized 10-meter-long chain of smart temperature sensors (±0.1°C accuracy) mounted in an anchored vertical cable and an echo sounder for tide level measurements. From 2021 to 2023 a number of intrusion events of the cold South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) took place along the Cabo Frio continental shelf, some of which were recorded in the inner region of the Anjos Cove by IARA. Sound speed profiles computed by applying TEOS-10 standards indicate that the sound propagation within Anjos Cove varies often, i.e., several orders of magnitude, under the influence of SACW intrusion events. The phenomenon reflects information from deeper waters on a coastal scale, even at small depths. properties distance lowcost low cost Brazil IARA (IARA 10meterlong meterlong 10 meter long ±0.1°C 01C C 0 1 accuracy measurements 202 (SACW shelf TEOS10 TEOS TEOS-1 often ie i e i.e. magnitude scale depths 20 TEOS1 TEOS- i.e 2

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the acoustic measurements of Cepstral Peak Prominence Smoothed (CPPS) and Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) of children with normal and altered voices, to relationship with auditory-perceptual judgment (APJ) and to establish cut-off points. Methods Vocal recordings of the sustained vowel and number counting tasks of 185 children were selected from a database and submitted to acoustic analysis with extraction of CPPS and AVQI measurements, and to APJ. The APJ was performed individually for each task, classified as normal or altered, and for the tasks together defining whether the child would pass or fail in a situation of vocal screening. Results Children with altered APJ and who failed the screening had lower CPPS values and higher AVQI values, than those with normal APJ and who passed the screening. The APJ of the sustained vowel task was related to CPPS and AVQI, and APJ of the number counting task was related only to AVQI and CPPS numbers. The cut-off points that differentiate children with and without vocal deviation are 14.07 for the vowel CPPS, 7.62 for the CPPS numbers and 2.01 for the AVQI. Conclusion Children with altered voices, have higher AVQI values and lower CPPS values, when detected in children with voices within the normal range. The acoustic measurements were related to the auditory perceptual judgment of vocal quality in the sustained vowel task, however, the number counting task was related only to the AVQI and CPPS. The cut-off points that differentiate children with and without vocal deviation are 14.07 for the CPPS vowel, 7.62 for the CPPS numbers and 2.01 for the AVQI. The three measures were similar in identifying voices without deviation and dysphonic voices. (CPPS (AVQI auditoryperceptual (APJ cutoff cut off 18 1407 14 07 14.0 762 7 62 7.6 201 2 01 2.0 range however 1 140 0 14. 76 6 7. 20 2.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar as medidas acústicas de Cepstral Peak Prominence Smoothed (CPPS) e Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) de crianças com vozes normais e alteradas, relacionar com o julgamento perceptivo-auditivo (JPA) da voz e estabelecer pontos de corte. Método Gravações vocais das tarefas de vogal sustentada e contagem de números de 185 crianças foram selecionadas em um banco de dados e submetidas a análise acústica com extração das medidas de CPPS e AVQI, e ao JPA. O JPA foi realizado individualmente para cada tarefa e as amostras foram classificadas posteriormente como normal ou alterada, e para as tarefas em conjunto definindo-se se a criança passaria ou falharia em uma situação de triagem vocal. Resultados Crianças com JPA alterado e que falharam na triagem apresentaram valores menores de CPPS e maiores de AVQI, do que as com JPA normal e que passaram na triagem. O JPA da tarefa de vogal sustentada se relacionou ao CPPS e AVQI, e da tarefa de contagem de números relacionou-se apenas ao AVQI e CPPS números. Os pontos de corte que diferenciam crianças com e sem desvio vocal são 14,07 para o CPPS vogal, 7,62 para o CPPS números e 2,01 para o AVQI. Conclusão Crianças com JPA alterado apresentaram maiores valores de AVQI e menores valores de CPPs. O JPA da tarefa de vogal previu todas as medidas acústicas, porém, de contagem previu apenas as medidas extraídas dela. As três medidas foram semelhantes na identificação de vozes sem desvio e vozes disfônicas. (CPPS (AVQI alteradas perceptivoauditivo perceptivo auditivo (JPA 18 alterada definindose definindo relacionouse 1407 14 07 14,0 762 7 62 7,6 201 2 01 2,0 CPPs porém dela disfônicas 1 140 0 14, 76 6 7, 20 2,

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relative effectiveness of various Non-Invasive Treatment Techniques (NITs) in chronic tinnitus management. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from the time of data construction to December 31, 2022. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, NITs were evaluated, including Aacceptance and commitment therapy (A), Cognitive behavioral therapy (C), Sound therapy (S), Transcranial magnetic stimulation (T), Electrical stimulation therapy (E), Virtual reality therapy (V), tinnitus Retraining therapy (R), general psychotherapy (D), and Placebo (P). The outcome indicators included the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety-Depression (HADS-D), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Visual Analogue Scales-Loudness (VAS-L), and Visual Analogue Scales-Distress (VAS-D). Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 for NMA. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 22 randomized controlled trials comprising 2,354 patients. The treatment effects varied on each scale. For THI, S (86.9%) was the most effective, whereas P (6.5%) was the worst. For TQ, C (89.5%) was the most effective, whereas D (25.4%) was the worst. For HADS-D, A (82.4%) was the most effective, whereas D (9.47%) was the worst. For ISI, A (83.2%) was the most effective, whereas R (20.6%) was the worst. For VAS-L, S (73.5%) was the most effective, whereas E (18.9%) was the worst. For VAS-D, C (84.7%) was the most effective, whereas P (18.1%) was the worst. Conclusions: The combination of acoustics and cognitive behavioral therapy may be an effectively treat patients with chronic tinnitus. Level of evidence: How common is the problem? Level 2. Is this diagnostic or monitoring test accurate? (Diagnosis) Level 1. What will happen if we do not add a therapy? (Prognosis) Level 1. Does this intervention help? (Treatment Benefits) Level 1. What are the COMMON harms? (Treatment Harms) Level 1. What are the RARE harms? (Treatment Harms) Level 1. Is this (early detection) test worthwhile? (Screening) Level 1I. Objective NonInvasive Non Invasive (NITs management Methods PubMed 31 2022 MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses guidelines evaluated A, , (A) C, (C) S, (S) T, T (T) E, (E) V, V (V) R, (R) D, (D) P. . (P) THI (THI) TQ (TQ) ScaleanxietyDepression Scale anxiety HADSD, HADSD HADS (HADS-D) ISI (ISI) ScalesLoudness Scales Loudness VASL, VASL VAS L (VAS-L) ScalesDistress Distress VASD. VASD (VAS-D) 140 14 0 14. NMA Results metaanalysis meta 2 2354 354 2,35 scale 86.9% 869 86 9 (86.9% effective 6.5% 65 6 5 (6.5% worst 89.5% 895 89 (89.5% 25.4% 254 25 4 (25.4% HADS-D 82.4% 824 82 (82.4% 9.47% 947 47 (9.47% 83.2% 832 83 (83.2% 20.6% 206 20 (20.6% L, VAS-L 73.5% 735 73 (73.5% 18.9% 189 18 (18.9% VASD, VAS-D 84.7% 847 84 7 (84.7% 18.1% 181 1 (18.1% Conclusions evidence problem accurate Diagnosis (Diagnosis Prognosis (Prognosis help Benefits harms Harms early detection worthwhile Screening (Screening 1I I 3 202 (A (C (S (T (E (V (R (D (P (THI (TQ (HADS-D (ISI (VAS-L (VAS-D 235 35 2,3 86.9 8 (86.9 6.5 (6.5 89.5 (89.5 25.4 (25.4 82.4 (82.4 9.47 94 (9.47 83.2 (83.2 20.6 (20.6 73.5 (73.5 18.9 (18.9 84.7 (84.7 18.1 (18.1 23 2, 86. (86. 6. (6. 89. (89. 25. (25. 82. (82. 9.4 (9.4 83. (83. 20. (20. 73. (73. 18. (18. 84. (84. (86 (6 (89 (25 (82 9. (9. (83 (20 (73 (18 (84 (8 ( (2 (9 (7 (1

The aim of this study was to characterize word final prolongations in individuals with and without stuttering as well as to investigate the influence of end of words prolongations on speech fluency perception. In Experiment 1, 14 subjects were submitted to speech fluency evaluation for analysis of duration and average frequency of extended phones at the end of words. In Experiment 2, twenty lay judges were asked to judge the fluency degree of utterances without disfluency, utterances containing prolongations and utterances containing filled pauses. In experiment 1 the groups differed only in the duration’s variation; in both groups the prolongations in monosyllabic words prevailed; 80% of the prolonged phones in both groups were vowels. In experiment 2 no significant difference was found in the comparison between the judgements of prolongations and filled pauses. The utterances without disfluency differentiated themselves significantly from the others. We suggest that characteristics such as position in the word, duration and physical concomitants should be considered before deeming prolongations as a stuttering-like disfluency.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar os prolongamentos em final de palavras em indivíduos com e sem gagueira do desenvolvimento persistente, bem como investigar a influência de prolongamentos no final de palavras na percepção da fluência de fala. No Experimento 1, 14 sujeitos foram submetidos à avaliação da fluência de fala para análise da duração e frequência média dos fones prolongados no final das palavras. No Experimento 2, 20 juízes leigos julgaram o grau de fluência de enunciados sem disfluência, contendo prolongamentos e contendo pausas preenchidas. No Experimento 1, os grupos diferiram apenas na variação da duração; nos dois grupos prevaleceu o prolongamento das palavras monossilábicas; 80% dos fones prolongados nos dois grupos eram vogais. No experimento 2, não foi encontrada diferença significativa na comparação entre os julgamentos de prolongamentos e pausas preenchidas. Os enunciados sem disfluências se diferenciaram significativamente dos demais. Sugere-se que características como posição na palavra, duração e concomitantes físicos devem ser consideradas antes de caracterizar o prolongamento como disfluência típica da gagueira.

Abstract Introduction Acoustic change complex (ACC) is a type of event-related potential evoked in response to subtle change(s) in the continuing stimuli. In the presence of a growing number of investigations on ACC, there is a need to review the various methodologies, findings, clinical utilities, and conclusions of different studies by authors who have studied ACC. Objectives The present review article is focused on the literature related to the utility of ACC as a tool to assess the auditory discrimination skill in different populations. Data Synthesis Various database providers, such as Medline, Pubmed, Google, and Google Scholar, were searched for any ACC-related reference. A total of 102 research papers were initially obtained using descriptors such as acoustic change complex, clinical utility of ACC, ACC in children, ACC in cochlear implant users, and ACC in hearing loss. The titles, authors, and year of publication were examined, and the duplicates were eliminated. A total of 31 research papers were found on ACC and were incorporated in the present review. The findings of these 31 articles were reviewed and have been reported in the present article. Conclusions The present review showed the utility of ACC as an objective tool to support various subjective tests in audiology. (ACC eventrelated event changes s change(s stimuli methodologies utilities populations providers Medline Pubmed Scholar ACCrelated reference 10 children users loss titles examined eliminated 3 audiology 1

Resumen En este artículo de recolección e investigación se estudia la propagación de ondas ultrasónicas en líquidos con burbujas de gas. Estos medios son extremadamente no lineales, una pequeña fracción de vacío cambia drásticamente las propiedades acústicas del medio. Las burbujas de gas no solo producen una alta no linealidad, sino que también producen fenómenos de dispersión y atenuación que son muy importantes para el comportamiento ultrasónico. Se presentan aquí varios resultados obtenidos mediante un modelo numérico desarrollado previamente (basado en el método de los volúmenes finitos en la dimensión espacial y en el método de las diferencias finitas en el dominio temporal) que permite analizar algunos efectos complejos asociados a este problema. El modelo resuelve un sistema diferencial que acopla las oscilaciones no lineales de las burbujas y el campo acústico. Nos centramos principalmente en entender como potenciar la generación de nuevas frecuencias (armónicos y subarmónicos a partir de una fuente de una frecuencia y frecuencias suma y diferencia a partir de una fuente de dos frecuencias) teniendo en cuenta algunos aspectos como el tipo de cavidad, el suavizado y optimización del medio.

Abstract In this survey article we study the propagation of ultrasonic waves in liquids with gas bubbles. These media are extremely nonlinear. A tiny void fraction changes the properties of the medium drastically. The gas bubbles not only produce high nonlinearity, but also introduce dispersive phenomena and attenuation that can be decisive for the ultrasonic behavior. Several results obtained by a numerical model previously developed (based on the finite-volume method in the space dimension and the finitedifference method in the time domain) are presented here, which allow us to analyze some complex effects associated with this problem. The model solves a differential system that couples the nonlinear oscillations of the bubbles and the acoustic field. We mainly focus on understanding how to enhance the generation of new frequencies (harmonics and subharmonics from a one-frequency source and sum and difference frequencies from a two-frequency source) taking into account some aspects such as cavity type, smoothing and optimization of the medium.

Abstract Introduction The acoustic analysis of speech (measurements of the fundamental frequency and formant frequencies) of different vowels produced by speakers with the Angle class II, division 1, malocclusion can provide information about the relationship between articulatory and phonatory mechanisms in this type of maxillomandibular disproportion. Objectives To investigate acoustic measurements related to the fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequencies (F1 and F2) of the oral vowels of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) produced by male speakers with Angle class II, division 1, malocclusion (study group) and compare with men with Angle class I malocclusion (control group). Methods In total, 60 men (20 with class II, 40 with class I) aged between 18 and 40 years were included in the study. Measurements of F0, F1 and F2 of the seven oral vowels of BP were estimated from the audio samples containing repetitions of carrier sentences. The statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test and the effect size was calculated. Results Significant differences (p-values) were detected for F0 values in five vowels ([e], [i], [o], [o] and [u]), and for F1 in vowels [a] and [ɔ], with high levels for class II, division 1. Conclusion Statistical differences were found in the F0 measurements with higher values in five of the seven vowels analysed in subjects with Angle class II, division 1. The formant frequencies showed differences only in F1 in two vowels with higher values in the study group. The data suggest that data on voice and speech production must be included in the protocol’s assessment of patients with malocclusion. II 1 disproportion F (F0 (F (BP group control . total 6 20 (2 4 sentences ttest t test calculated pvalues p (p-values e, e , ([e] i, i [i] o, o [o u, u [u]) a [a ɔ, ɔ [ɔ] protocols protocol s 2 ( ([e [i [u] [ɔ [u

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify contributions of acoustic spectrographic analysis in the forensic identification of speakers with auditorily similar voices, considering the distinctive behavior of acoustic parameters: formants of vowel “é”, of connected speech, mean fundamental frequency in Hz, linear prediction curve of vowel “é” and linear prediction curve area; and to propose an objective method to use the analyzed parameters. Methods: a quantitative, qualitative and descriptive study, conducted in Pernambuco on 16 pairs of male siblings, aged 18-60 years. The subjects recorded videos from which the audios were extracted, numbered and sent to three examiners, in two groups: older brothers and younger brothers, for perceptual-auditory pairing. The correct pairings, indicated by at least two examiners, were submitted to acoustic analysis. The statistical tests included Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni, with p<0.05. Results: the results of analyses of formants and the mean fundamental frequency were not enough to distinguish similar voices. Unprecedentedly, in the measurements of areas generated by the linear prediction curve graphs, a distinctive statistical significance was observed. Conclusion: it was concluded that, among the parameters studied, the measurements of areas of the linear prediction curve objectively indicated effectiveness in distinguishing speakers with auditorily similar voices. Purpose voices é, é , speech Hz “é area Methods quantitative study 1 siblings 1860 18 60 18-6 years extracted examiners groups perceptualauditory perceptual auditory pairing pairings Wilcoxon KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis Bonferroni p005 p 0 05 p<0.05 Results Unprecedentedly graphs observed Conclusion that studied 186 6 18- p00 p<0.0 p0 p<0. p<0 p<

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar contribuições da análise espectrográfica acústica na identificação forense de falantes em vozes auditivamente semelhantes, considerando o comportamento distintivo dos parâmetros acústicos: formantes da vogal “é”, da fala encadeada, média da frequência fundamental em Hz, curva de predição linear da vogal “é” e área da curva de predição linear; propor um método objetivo da utilização dos parâmetros analisados. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, qualitativo e descritivo, realizado em Pernambuco com 16 pares de irmãos do sexo masculino, entre 18-60 anos. Os sujeitos gravaram vídeos de onde extraíram-se os áudios que foram numerados e enviados a três avaliadores, em dois grupos: dos irmãos mais velhos e dos irmãos mais novos, para pareamento perceptivo-auditivo. Os pareamentos corretos, apontados por pelo menos dois avaliadores, foram submetidos à análise acústica. Os testes estatísticos foram Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, Bonferroni, com p<0,05. Resultados: os resultados das análises dos formantes e da média da frequência fundamental não foram suficientes para distinguir as vozes semelhantes. Ineditamente nas medidas das áreas geradas pelos gráficos da curva de predição linear, foi verificada significância estatística distintiva. Conclusão: concluiu-se que entre os parâmetros estudados, as medidas das áreas da curva de predição linear apontaram, objetivamente, eficácia na distinção de falantes com vozes auditivamente semelhantes. Objetivo semelhantes acústicos é, é , encadeada Hz “é analisados Métodos quantitativo descritivo 1 masculino 1860 18 60 18-6 anos extraíramse extraíram se avaliadores grupos novos perceptivoauditivo. perceptivoauditivo perceptivo auditivo. auditivo perceptivo-auditivo corretos Wilcoxon KruskalWallis, KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis, Wallis Kruskal-Wallis Bonferroni p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 Resultados distintiva Conclusão concluiuse concluiu estudados apontaram objetivamente 186 6 18- p00 p<0,0 p0 p<0, p<0 p<