SUMMARY: During the government of President Patricio Aylwin Azocar in Chile, the Dental Department of the Ministry of Health was created, directed by Dr. Olaya Fernández, allowing the creation of the Dentistry Career at the University of La Frontera in 1992. The study plan was based on the SPICES model and focused on teaching, service, and research, with an emphasis on prevention. Four curricular lines were defined: Public Health, Morphofunction, Semiology, diagnosis and treatment, and Man, culture and society. Professors Dr. Matamala, Dr. Henríquez and Dr. Thomas, have been essential in the training of students for 30 years, promoting academic excellence and an interest in anatomy. They tell us that over the years, student profile has not experienced significant changes in terms of academic excellence. However, challenges have been noted, such as poor preparation in secondary education and fewer students’ responsibilities. They also mention that impediments in training include reduced study hours in Morphological Sciences and the lack of appreciation of Neuroanatomy. Challenges include effective integration of basic sciences along with clinical sciences, comprehensive training in anatomy and availability of anatomical models. Infrastructure, cadaveric material, and audiovisual systems are essential for quality instruction in anatomy, and ongoing investment in these resources is required. In conclusion, these instructors have left an important mark on the training of dentists, and each year they face new challenges. Addressing these issues is crucial to maintaining the quality of dental education and preparing students for success in their future professional practice.

RESUMEN: Durante el gobierno del presidente Patricio Aylwin Azocar en Chile, se creó el Departamento Odontológico del Ministerio de Salud, dirigido por la Dra. Olaya Fernández, permitiendo la creación de la Carrera de Odontología en la Universidad de La Frontera en 1992. El plan de estudios se basó en el modelo SPICES y se centró en la docencia, servicio e investigación, con énfasis en la prevención. Se definieron cuatro líneas curriculares: Salud Pública, Morfofunción, Semiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento, y Hombre, cultura y sociedad. Los docentes de la línea de morfofunción, Dr. Matamala, Dr. Henríquez y Dr. Thomas, han sido esenciales en la formación de los estudiantes durante 30 años, fomentando la excelencia académica y el interés en la anatomía. Nos cuentan que a lo largo de los años, el perfil de los estudiantes no ha experimentado cambios significativos en términos de excelencia académica. Sin embargo, se han observado desafíos, como la preparación deficiente en la enseñanza media y el incumplimiento de las obligaciones estudiantiles. También mencionan que las amenazas en la formación incluyen la reducción de horas de estudio en Ciencias Morfológicas y la falta de reconocimiento de la Neuroanatomía. Los desafíos incluyen la integración efectiva de las ciencias básicas con la clínica, la formación completa en anatomía y la disponibilidad de modelos anatómicos. La infraestructura, el material cadavérico y los sistemas audiovisuales son esenciales para una docencia de calidad en anatomía, y se requiere una inversión continua en estos recursos. En conclusión, estos docentes han dejado una importante huella en la formación de odontólogos, y cada año van enfrentando nuevos desafíos. Abordar estos problemas es crucial para mantener la calidad de la formación odontológica y preparar a los estudiantes para el éxito en su futura práctica profesional.

ORIENTATION: Conserving ecosystems including a culture that respects life in water and on land, aligned to the sustainable development goals (SDGs), could prevent future pandemics and natural hazards, but this cannot be achieved without establishments such as environmental non-profit organisations (NPOs) that operate across business and government sectors servicing the environment and vulnerable communities. Environmental NPOs could promote green Human Resource Management practices boosting scalable actions to achieve the SDGs. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The objective of this article is to explore the contemporary role and practices of Human Resources Management (HRM) within the NPO realm and the possible alignment and underwriting of the SDGs. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Non-profit organisations can be found to work across most, if not all, of the 17 United Nations' SDGs. The HRM function plays a significant role in contributing towards society's progress in achieving the SDGs with its focus on people management. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: This qualitative study applied an interpretivist philosophy with an inductive research approach, a case study strategy and multiple data collection techniques. Eleven cases were studied and limited to environmental South African NPOs selected purposively. MAIN FINDINGS: Developing sustainable practices within the realm of HRM could augment non-profit organisational resilience by accentuating their work within the SDGs framework. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: With a long-term view to sustainable HRM, including a view to greening HRM practices, practitioners can support their organisations with the achievement of the SDG targets. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This study contributed to the academic literature on organisational resilience and could assist policymakers in the understudied South African NPO sector with HRM practices and alignment to the SDGs.

The process of transitioning into new roles within academia often engenders a profound culture shock, accompanied by pervasive feelings of self-doubt and inadequacy, commonly referred to as impostor phenomenon. These sentiments persist despite the accumulation of years of education, experience and notable accomplishments. The impostor phenomenon exerts a detrimental influence, leading to elevated stress levels and burnout, reduced productivity and diminished job satisfaction among academic newcomers. These negative consequences, in turn, may hinder effective career planning, dampen motivation for leadership roles and impede the full development of an academic identity. This paper presents a personal narrative describing the author's experience of navigating the foreign and uncertain academic environment during their transition. The narrative explores a range of strategies employed to combat the impostor phenomenon, including heightened self-awareness, mentorship relationships, support from institutional networks, solicitation of recognition and feedback, active pursuit of professional development and the cultivation of self-compassion. Recognising the pervasive impact of impostor phenomenon, this narrative underscores the importance of providing robust support structures for new academics. Such support systems hold the potential to enhance retention rates and foster deeper engagement within the academic community, nurturing the formation of both personal and professional identities among emerging scholars.

Resumo:Embora a maioria das obras de arte tenha uma componente física incontornável, o estudo da cultura material na história da arte tem sido menos desenvolvido do que o de outros tipos de objectos, como os das artes conhecidas como "artes menores" ou "artes aplicadas". No caso das obras artísticas, a primazia do fator estético/visual tem muitas vezes obscurecido a materialidade. No entanto, não podemos perder de vista que as obras de arte são, antes de mais, objectos e que a materialidade precede as imagens que transmitem. Este artigo primeiro reflete sobre o estado da arte dos estudos da cultura material como fonte de pesquisa histórica tanto no mundo anglófono quanto na América Latina, e depois explora alguns de seus escopos, oportunidades e possíveis projeções para os campos da história da arte e da história da arte. Para essa última disciplina, identificamos três abordagens para o objeto de estudo a partir da perspectiva da cultura material: o estudo da obra de arte como artefato, o estudo dos objetos representados e o estudo do ambiente material do artista (seu estúdio). Ilustraremos essas três abordagens com exemplos da literatura acadêmica revisada.

Abstract:Although most artworks have an inescapable physical component, the study of material culture in the history of art has been less developed than that of other types of objects such as those known as “minor arts” or “applied arts”. In the case of artistic works, the primacy of the aesthetic/visual factor has often obscured materiality. However, we cannot lose sight of the fact that artworks are objects in the first place, and that the materiality precedes the images they convey. This article first reflects on the state of the art of material culture studies as a source for historical research both in the English-speaking world and in Latin America, and then explores some of its scope, opportunities and possible projections for the fields of art history and art history. For the latter discipline we identify three approaches to the object of study from the perspective of material culture: the study of the work of art as artefact, the study of the objects represented and the study of the artist's material environment (his studio). We will illustrate these three approaches with examples from the reviewed academic literature.

Resumen:Aunque la mayoría de las obras de arte tienen un componente físico ineludible, el estudio de la cultura material en la historia del arte ha estado menos desarrollado que el de otro tipo de objetos como los de las llamadas artes "artes menores" o "artes aplicadas". En el caso de las obras artísticas, la primacía del factor estético/visual ha oscurecido a menudo la materialidad. Sin embargo, no podemos perder de vista que las obras de arte son objetos en primer lugar, y que la materialidad precede a las imágenes que transmiten. Este artículo quiere reflexionar primero sobre el estado de la cuestión respecto a los estudios de la cultura material como fuente para la investigación histórica tanto en el ámbito anglosajón como latinoamericano, para luego explorar algunos de sus alcances, oportunidades y posibles proyecciones para los campos de la historia y la historia del arte. Para esta última disciplina identificamos tres aproximaciones al objeto de estudio desde la perspectiva de la cultura material: el estudio de la obra de arte como artefacto, el estudio de los objetos representados y el estudio del entorno material del artista (su taller). Ilustraremos estos tres enfoques con ejemplos desde la literatura académica revisada.

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ABSTRACT University social responsibility is a set of actions that helps to promote the active participation of students in their university education, with ethical conduct to create a culture of social commitment based on values and academic quality. The main role of the university is to develop the functions of teaching, research and social responsibility; this allows creating a broader vision of the needs in the community, generating competent professionals and causing a positive impact (Palomino, Vázquez, Vicente, & Tomás, 2019). Objective: To identify the main authors of the subject from the systematic review of the literature, to point out the four axis that RSU has and the four university impacts. Materials and methods: This research is exploratory and documentary with a qualitative approach. The information sources used correspond to consultation pages, among which are: Google academic, and Lens.org. Likewise, inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to collect information and the results obtained were delimited after adding search conditions such as the year interval from 2017 to 2023. Another limitation is that they were only review articles and in any language. Results: The results obtained were 10 definitions of prominent authors which haves an impact on the fact that the University social responsibility has 8 dimensions among which are: Responsible Campus, Citizen Education, Social Knowledge Management, and Mutual Learning Communities for Development, Organizational, Educational, Cognitive and social. The four axis of the RSU are the basis of the organizations to be able to fulfill the mission that each university community pursues. Within the responsible campus, care is taken to ensure that environmental and sustainable care is met and students are taught to participate in it. , responsible citizen and professional training, deontology, which is the duty of people, this helps the university community to do things ethically and with good morals inside and outside universities, knowledge management is a of the main tasks of higher education institutions, social work, the reason for being of various organizations, thanks to which they can disseminate their knowledge and contribute to the development of community and group culture, and finally the need for The society of inclusion and communication between people occur within communities of mutual learning for development. The organizational impacts, within the RSU, impact people, management and sustainability. The educational impacts are related to the training of students (their ethics, their way of interpreting the world and the social role that corresponds to them) and involves all university processes (curriculum, central administration and knowledge management policies). Cognitive impacts are the dissemination of knowledge and social impacts are the relationship within and on the university campus, the treatment and participation of students; Students in the different branches offered. When reviewing and reading the different existing articles, it was observed that there is little information regarding the RSU, focusing on a chronology of the different authors from 2014 to date. Within the articles reviewed, it can be defined that RSU trains, teaches, supports, promotes, guides and organizes; involving the student community, teachers, administrative and managerial staff. The RSU transmits responsible knowledge, ethical principles and helps to train responsible citizen professionals. Conclusion: After studying the literary review, it can be mentioned that all the axis of the RSU must have the participation of the students and all the people who make up the university community in order to have a responsible university, both internally and externally, according to the different concepts that are mentioned of University Social Responsibility; In other words, it is a way to help the professional and civic training of all students, since this is part of what social responsibility seeks. It is mentioned that university students must get involved in real problems within their professional and civic training, since this helps to create links between learning and social responsibility and thus be able to promote human development, both ethically and morally, as that participation in the different projects that the same institution carries out in its activities will grow.Ramírez (2020),Quezada and Rodríguez (2019),Arauco and Apaza (2022),Évora (2017), agree that RSU is reflected in the existence of four axis for the socially responsible management of universities, so that the students are aware that everything that is done within the institution will be reflected outside of it. Complying with Social Responsibility in higher education is a transformation resource that promotes compliance with transparent practices and ethical conduct for sustainable development, generating social well-being on the university campus for the comprehensive and ideal training of its students. Currently, globalization leads to constant changes in organizations and forces them to be able to identify their challenges for the new trends that their environment requires. Therefore, globalization, competition, technology, social responsibility, knowledge and intangible assets demand serious modifications in their structures and strategies from companies.Niebles Nuñez et al. (2018)the universities have the important mission of equitably distributing knowledge and social information. That is why universities must assume the position of University Social Responsibility and analyze whether effective or null knowledge is being provided. The current era is characterized by its constant change, in social demands, in the role of traditional actors, in the situation at the regional and international level, in development approaches (Uribe et al., 2020). Addressing the issue of RSU requires articulating the various parts of the institution in an equitable and sustainable social promotion project, for the production and transmission of responsible knowledge and the training of equally responsible citizen professionals (Mosquera Tayupanta and Alba Granados, 2021; Peña y otros, 2017). There is a proposal for university social responsibility that provides a space for participation in the activities carried out and that are adapted to the new acquisition modalities for students, in addition to the fact that university social responsibility seeks not only to work on the axis of transformation within of the institution, but is also aimed at the entire society that is involved (Pedró, 2019). The university must promote the participation of its students in cultural, social, sports and environmental activities.

Resumen El presente artículo es el resultado de una búsqueda exploratoria en torno a la ejecución de repertorio realizado por compositoras académicas en Costa Rica desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es contribuir a la reivindicación histórica de las compositoras académicas ante la continua invisibilización de este repertorio en el país. El estudio se delimita espacialmente en las salas de concierto ubicadas en el Valle Central, ya que durante estos siglos es donde se registra la principal concentración de reproducción de obras musicales académicas en Costa Rica. El artículo incluye revisión bibliográfica, seis entrevistas a mujeres profesionales en la música, quienes compartieron sus testimonios acerca de su experiencia con el repertorio académico compuesto por mujeres, además, se realizaron consultas directas en archivos históricos para identificar la presencia o ausencia de este repertorio en el país. Todas estas fuentes permiten, a su vez, generar un primer registro de obras musicales y compositoras académicas que han pasado por las salas de concierto de Costa Rica desde las precursoras a finales del siglo XIX hasta las compositoras contemporáneas. Este registro evidencia cómo, a pesar de las resticciones patriarcales que ha caracterizado la composición y el canon musical, las mujeres han estado presentes con sus obras en todos los siglos explorados para el artículo.

Abstract This article is the result of an exploratory investigation into the performance of repertoire by academic composers in Costa Rica from the late 19th century to the present. The aim of this research is to contribute to the historical recognition of female academic composers in response to the ongoing marginalization of this repertoire in the country. The study focuses spatially on concert halls located in the Central Valley, as this is where the main concentration of academic musical performances in Costa Rica has been recorded over the centuries. The article includes a literature review, six interviews with professional women in music, who shared their experiences with academic repertoire composed by women. Additionally, direct consultations were made in historical archives to identify the presence or absence of this repertoire in the country. All these sources enable the creation of an initial record of musical works and academic composers who have performed in Costa Rican concert halls from the pioneers of the late 19th century to contemporary composers. This record demonstrates how, despite the patriarchal restrictions that have characterized composition and the musical canon, women have been present with their works in all the centuries explored in the article.

RESUMEN Al actualizar un proyecto académico curricular, los académicos deben conjugar diversos aspectos técnicos. Esta actualización debe responder a las exigencias de los organismos nacionales, al modelo pedagógico institucional y a las demandas del entorno. En la Universidad Nacional de Pilar, el Plan Estratégico 2023-2027 establece el modelo pedagógico sociocrítico para todas las unidades académicas. Esta elección, producto de una profunda reflexión de la comunidad educativa, impacta en la actualización de los proyectos curriculares. Este trabajo presenta un estudio bibliográfico descriptivo, utilizando Google Académico para explorar los elementos que componen el currículo desde el modelo sociocrítico, con un diseño no experimental. El objetivo fue caracterizar el currículo académico acorde a este enfoque en la educación superior. En la conclusión, se destaca que la implementación del modelo sociocrítico en el currículo de la educación superior representa un desafío complejo pero necesario para fortalecer la formación de profesionales comprometidos con el desarrollo social. Superar las barreras existentes y fomentar una cultura educativa crítica y participativa permitirá que este modelo contribuya a la construcción de una sociedad más justa, equitativa y sostenible.

ABSTRACT When updating an academic curricular project, academics must integrate various technical aspects. This update should meet the requirements of national entities, institutional pedagogical models and environment demands. At the National University of Pilar, the 2023-2027 Strategic Plan establishes the sociocritical pedagogical model for all academic units. This choice, product of a deep reflection within the educational community, has an impact on the updating of curricular projects. This paper presents a descriptive bibliographic study, using Google Scholar to explore the elements that make up the curriculum from the sociocritical model, with a non-experimental design. The objective was to characterize the academic curriculum according to this approach in higher education. In the conclusion, it is highlighted that the implementation of the sociocritical model in higher education curriculum represents a complex yet necessary challenge to strengthen the training of professionals committed to social development. Overcoming existing barriers and fostering a critical and participatory educational culture will enable this model to contribute to the construction of a more just, equitable and sustainable society.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como propósito estimular el interés académico en torno a la búsqueda y el análisis de las respuestas del cuestionario propuesto por las Cortes de Cádiz en 1812, el cual tenía como objetivo recopilar información detallada de la vida, los usos y las costumbres de los indígenas de las colonias de ultramar. Para ello, se presenta un balance historiográfico que pone en diálogo los trabajos realizados sobre este tema, así como una exposición de la distribución geográfica y cultural de las respuestas encontradas y su potencial para la construcción de etnografías de los pueblos americanos. Se resalta la importancia de buscar y analizar los corpus de contestaciones a dicho cuestionario para comprender la diversidad étnica y cultural de la América española en los albores del siglo XIX en el marco del proyecto constitucional gaditano. En las conclusiones más importantes alcanzadas por el momento, derivadas de la revisión panorámica de las 58 respuestas hasta ahora identificadas, se destaca la pervivencia de la diversidad étnica y cultural en la América española en el ocaso del periodo colonial.

Abstract This article aims to spark academic interest in exploring and analyzing the responses to the questionnaire issued by the Cortes of Cádiz in 1812. This questionnaire was designed to collect detailed information about the lives, customs, and traditions of the indigenous people in overseas colonies. To this end, a historiographical balance is presented that brings into dialogue the works carried out on the questionnaire, as well as an exposition of the geographical and cultural distribution of the responses found and their potential for the construction of ethnographies of American peoples at the end of the Colonial period. Emphasizing the significance of examining the corpus of responses to this questionnaire, the article underscores its role in understanding the ethnic and cultural diversity of Spanish America at the beginning of the nineteenth century, within the context of the Gaditan constitutional project. One of the key conclusions reached, based on a comprehensive review of the 58 responses identified so far, highlights the enduring nature of ethnic and cultural diversity in Spanish America during the twilight of the colonial era.

ABSTRACT In this article, we propose to study the conceptions and strategies of creative performance among academic and self-taught musicians. Four musicians were invited to participate. Data collection occurred in two stages: (1) socioeconomic questionnaire and questions about their musical practices; and (2) semi-structured individual interviews about their conceptions of creative performance. Such responses corroborate the idea that creativity is constituted by the combination of individual experiences, originating from culture, which are subjectively refracted. article selftaught self taught participate stages 1 (1 practices 2 (2 semistructured semi structured experiences culture refracted (

RESUMO Propomos, neste artigo, estudar as concepções e estratégias de desempenho criativo entre músicos acadêmicos e autodidatas. Quatro músicos foram convidados a participar. A coleta de dados ocorreu em duas etapas: (1) questionário socioeconômico e sobre suas práticas musicais; e (2) entrevista individual semidirigida sobre suas concepções de desempenho criativo. Tais respostas corroboram a ideia de que a criatividade é constituída pela combinação de experiências individuais, originárias da cultura, que são subjetivamente refratadas. Propomos artigo autodidatas participar etapas 1 (1 musicais 2 (2 individuais cultura refratadas (

Abstract This article systematizes the research process and didactic approach of the museographic project "Childhood/Dictatorship: Witnesses and Actors (1973-1990)," presented in its ninth edition in 2023 in Santiago, Chile. This project represents the synthesis of an academic investigation exploring the microhistory of childhood during the period of Chile’s military dictatorship (1973-1990) through objects and productions created by children of that time, as well as the ways in which visitors (children, youth, and adults) interpret these artifacts. The analysis focuses on the status of childhood-produced objects as material culture and their value in the memorial construction for new generations through an aesthetic approach. Findings indicate that the museographic experience contributed to updating collective memory of the dictatorship by articulating past, present, and future in relation to human rights violations, recognizing the complexity of diverse memorial constructions and their present-day re-signification, promoting intergenerational dialogue, and facilitating collective emotional expression in the context of the fiftieth anniversary of the coup d’État.

Resumen Este artículo sistematiza el proceso de investigación y el abordaje didáctico del proyecto museográfico “Infancia/Dictadura: Testigos y actores (1973-1990)”, montado en su novena versión en 2023 en Santiago de Chile. Dicho proyecto representa la síntesis de una investigación académica que explora la microhistoria de la niñez durante el periodo de la dictadura militar en Chile (1973-1990) a través de las producciones y objetos creados por niños y niñas en esa época, así como las interpretaciones que los visitantes (niños, niñas, jóvenes y adultos) realizan de tales objetos. Se analiza el estatuto de los objetos producidos en la niñez como cultura material y su valor en la elaboración memorial de las nuevas generaciones desde una perspectiva estética. Los resultados de la experiencia muestran que la propuesta museográfica contribuyó a actualizar la memoria colectiva sobre la dictadura mediante la articulación del pasado, el presente y el futuro en torno a la vulneración de derechos humanos, el reconocimiento de la complejidad de las construcciones memoriales diversas y su resignificación en el presente, la promoción del diálogo intergeneracional y la expresión de emociones colectivas en el marco del cincuentenario del golpe de Estado.

Abstract: This article falls within the framework of studies on higher education. Its purpose is to understand how the academic subjectivities that build the performativity regime are configured through the discourse of key actors in the field of education, for which a qualitative study with a poststructural approach is carried out. This research is carried out from 2017 to 2020. Sixty-two people who represent participants in the higher education research system are interviewed. The results show that the actors argue ways of sustaining, stressing, and questioning the performativity regime. The discussion points out that the regime through academic subjectivities is shaped by financing, the culture of auditing, and privileged groups. It is concluded that the field of study of education presents epistemological and methodological discussions that are not considered by this regime.

Resumen: Este artículo se inscribe en el marco de los estudios sobre educación superior. Su propósito es comprender cómo se configuran las subjetividades académicas que construyen el régimen de performatividad a través del discurso de actores claves en el campo de la educación. Para ello se realiza un estudio cualitativo con un enfoque posestructural. Esta investigación se desarrolla desde el 2017 al 2020, entrevistándose a 62 personas que representan a participantes del sistema de investigación en educación superior. Los resultados muestran que los actores argumentan formas de sostener, tensionar e interpelar el régimen de performatividad. La discusión señala que el régimen a través de las subjetividades académicas se configura por el financiamiento, la cultura de la auditoría y los grupos privilegiados. Se concluye que el campo de estudio de la educación presenta discusiones epistemológicas y metodológicas que no son consideradas por este régimen.

Resumen La temática de la formación estética y su impacto para el desarrollo de habilidades del pensamiento crítico en la formación inicial de los licenciados en Gestión Sociocultural para el Desarrollo deviene un imperativo, pues este graduado debe incidir en procesos sociales y culturales desde la perspectiva de la comprensión, apropiación y dinamización de la cultura y la praxis sociocultural. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo argumentar, a través de un estudio teórico exploratorio, acerca de la formación estética y su incidencia en el desarrollo de habilidades del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes universitarios de la carrera en cuestión, analizando fuentes que permitieron corroborar el juicio de partida y la lógica detrás de este razonamiento. Para ello, se analizaron de forma independiente el modelo y los modos de actuación del profesional, así como las teorías sobre la formación estética y el desarrollo de las habilidades del pensamiento crítico, para determinar los criterios de relación. El enfoque metodológico utilizado fue cualitativo y de revisión documental, apoyado en la búsqueda de artículos de revistas científicas y tesis de maestría y doctorado en buscadores y repositorios académicos, y con el uso del software ATLAS.ti como una herramienta de uso tecnológico en la organización, el análisis y la interpretación de información. El estudio permitió concluir la importancia de la temática en las habilidades de percepción, apropiación, interpretación, enjuiciamiento y valoración de los símbolos, significados y comportamientos humanos, siendo estas determinantes como habilidades profesionales que garantizan el cumplimiento del encargo social de este profesional.

Abstract The topic of aesthetic training and its impact on the development of critical thinking skills in the initial training of graduates in Sociocultural Management for Development becomes imperative, since this graduate must influence in social and cultural processes from the perspective of understanding, appropriation and dynamization of culture and sociocultural praxis. The purpose of this article is to argue, through an exploratory theoretical study, about aesthetic training and its impact on the development of critical thinking skills in university students of the major in question, analyzing sources that allowed corroborating the initial judgment and the logic behind this reasoning. To do so, the model and the modes of action of the professional were independently analyzed, as well as the theories on aesthetic training and the development of critical thinking skills, to determine the relationship criteria. The methodological approach used was qualitative and a document review, supported by the search for articles from scientific journals and master's and doctoral theses in browsers and academic repositories, and with the use of the ATLAS.ti software as a technological tool for the organization, analysis and interpretation of information. The study allowed us to conclude the importance of the subject in the skills of perception, appropriation, interpretation, judgment and assessment of symbols, meanings and human behaviors, these being determining as professional skills that guarantee the fulfillment of the social mandate of this professional.

Resumo A temática da formação estética e o seu impacto no desenvolvimento de competências de pensamento crítico na formação inicial dos licenciados em Gestão Sociocultural para o Desenvolvimento torna-se um imperativo, uma vez que este graduado deve influenciar os processos sociais e culturais na perspectiva da compreensão, apropriação e dinamização de. cultura e práxis sociocultural. O objetivo deste artigo é argumentar, por meio de um estudo teórico exploratório, sobre a formação estética e seu impacto no desenvolvimento de habilidades de pensamento crítico em estudantes universitários do curso em questão, analisando fontes que permitiram corroborar o julgamento de partida e a lógica por trás esse raciocínio. Para tanto, foram analisados de forma independente o modelo e modos de atuação do profissional, bem como as teorias sobre formação estética e desenvolvimento de habilidades de pensamento crítico, para determinar os critérios de relacionamento. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi a revisão qualitativa e documental, apoiada na busca de artigos de revistas científicas e teses de mestrado e doutorado em buscadores e repositórios acadêmicos, e com a utilização do software ATLAS.ti como ferramenta de uso tecnológico na organização, a análise e interpretação da informação. O estudo permitiu concluir a importância do tema nas habilidades de percepção, apropriação, interpretação, julgamento e avaliação de símbolos, significados e comportamentos humanos, sendo estes determinantes como competências profissionais que garantem o cumprimento da responsabilidade social deste profissional.

Resumen El presente artículo presenta los resultados respecto a factores socioculturales que favorecen la permanencia en la Educación Superior de la población indígena bribri. Estos se derivan de la investigación titulada Permanencia del estudiantado indígena Bribri de la Sede Rodrigo Facio Brenes, Universidad de Costa Rica: una mirada desde el enfoque intercultural, la cual fue llevada a cabo entre los años 2018-2019. La investigación parte del paradigma naturalista bajo el enfoque cualitativo y emplea el método fenomenológico en el diseño investigativo, acceso al campo, elaboración de instrumentos y análisis de los datos recolectados. Se emplearon entrevistas a profundidad y grupos focales para conocer la experiencia universitaria de seis estudiantes indígenas provenientes del pueblo Bribri. El estudio utiliza un enfoque intercultural en el análisis de los factores, que promueve la permanencia de la población en la educación superior, y es esa mirada la que permite abordar el factor sociocultural en el fenómeno de la permanencia. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se reconoce la tendencia de la población participante a brindarle especial reconocimiento y valoración a su propia cultura mediante el rescate de saberes ancestrales y espirituales que les enorgullecen e identifican en el contexto universitario. Se concluye, además, la importancia de favorecer, desde la universidad, los ajustes necesarios para que la población indígena permanezca en el sistema educativo superior. Asimismo, se destacan los esfuerzos que el estudiantado realiza al tener que trasladarse del territorio indígena a lo urbano, lo que representa un cambio de contexto, y la complejidad de establecer nuevas relaciones con otros agentes educativos, factores que influyen de manera significativa en su desarrollo integral y éxito académico.

Abstract This article presents some of the results regarding sociocultural factors that favor the permanence in Higher Education of the Bribri indigenous community. These are derived from the research entitled Permanence of the Bribri indigenous student body of the Rodrigo Facio Brenes Campus, University of Costa Rica: intercultural approach, which was carried out between 2018-2019. The research starts from the naturalistic paradigm under the qualitative methodology and employs the phenomenological method in the research design, access to the field, elaboration of instruments and analysis of the data collected. In-depth interviews and focus groups, as information collection techniques, were used to learn about the university experience of six indigenous students from the Bribri people. The study uses an intercultural approach in the analysis of the factors that promote the permanence of the undergraduate population in higher education, and it is this approach that allows addressing the sociocultural factor in the phenomenon of permanence. Among the main findings is the tendency of the participating population to give special recognition and value to their own culture by rescuing ancestral and spiritual knowledge that makes them proud and identifies them in the university context. It is also concluded the importance of favoring from the university the necessary adjustments so they remains in the higher education system, also, the efforts that the students make are highlighted, among them the cultural ones, when having to move from the indigenous territory to the urban, which represents a way change of context and the complexity of establishing new relationships with other educational agents and factors that has a significant influence in their integral development and academic success.

Resumo Introdução: A segurança do doente é uma questão séria de saúde pública global, focada num sistema de prestação de cuidados que previne erros e é construído sobre uma cultura de segurança que envolve todos os profissionais de saúde, organizações e doentes. Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de literacia dos profissionais de saúde em relação à segurança do doente num centro hospitalar na região central de Portugal. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional e transversal para avaliar o nível de literacia dos profissionais de saúde em relação à segurança do doente. Uma amostra de 300 profissionais de um Centro Hospitalar na região central de Portugal respondeu ao "Questionário para Avaliar a Implementação do Guia Multiprofissional" da Organização Mundial de Saúde. A maioria dos profissionais de saúde incluídos no estudo são do sexo feminino (76,3%), encontram-se na faixa etária (dos 36-50 anos) 50,3% e são maioritariamente enfermeiros (90%). Resultados: 44,0% dos inquiridos demonstraram baixa literacia na dimensão "Erro e segurança do doente". De forma semelhante, 44,7% apresentaram baixa literacia na dimensão "Segurança do Sistema de Saúde". Quanto à dimensão "Influência Pessoal na Segurança", mais de metade da amostra (52,7%) é altamente letrada. Por último, a maioria dos inquiridos mostrou baixa literacia (54,7%) na dimensão "Atitudes Pessoais em relação à Segurança do Doente". Conclusão: Os resultados apontam existir lacunas por parte dos profissionais de saúde sobre literacia na segurança do doente, com predominância na dimensão "Atitudes Pessoais em Relação à Segurança do Doente". Assim, é essencial que os profissionais de saúde recebam mais formação em segurança do doente para garantir a confiança dos cidadãos nas suas práticas profissionais e na confiança no sistema de saúde.

Resumen Introducción: La seguridad del paciente es un problema crítico de salud pública global, enfocado en un sistema de prestación de cuidados que previene errores y está construido sobre una cultura de seguridad que involucra a todos los profesionales de la salud, organizaciones y pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de alfabetización sobre la seguridad del paciente de los profesionales de la salud en un centro hospitalario en la región central de Portugal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacional y transversal para evaluar el nivel de alfabetización en seguridad del paciente entre los profesionales sanitarios. Una muestra de 300 profesionales de un centro hospitalario del centro de Portugal respondió al «Cuestionario para evaluar la aplicación de la Guía Multiprofesional» de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La mayoría de los profesionales sanitarios incluidos en el estudio eran mujeres (76,3%), el 50,3% tenían entre 36 y 50 años y la mayoría eran enfermeras (90%). Resultados: El 44,0% de los encuestados demostró baja alfabetización en la dimensión "Error y Seguridad del Paciente". De manera similar, el 44,7% mostró baja alfabetización en la dimensión "Seguridad del Sistema de Salud". En cuanto a la dimensión "Influencia Personal en la Seguridad", más de la mitad de la muestra (52,7%) mostró alta alfabetización. Por último, la mayoría de los encuestados mostró baja alfabetización (54,7%) en la dimensión "Actitudes Personales hacia la Seguridad del Paciente". Conclusión: Los resultados indican brechas significativas en la alfabetización sobre la seguridad del paciente de los profesionales de la salud, predominantemente en la dimensión "Actitudes Personales hacia la Seguridad del Paciente". Por lo tanto, es esencial que los profesionales de la salud reciban más formación en seguridad del paciente para asegurar la confianza del público en sus prácticas profesionales y la confianza en el sistema de salud. Esta traducción está diseñada para la presentación en una revista científica de alto impacto Q1, asegurando el uso de un español técnico preciso y especializado adecuado para una audiencia académica.

Abstract Introduction: Patient safety is a critical global public health issue, focused on a care delivery system that prevents errors and is built on a safety culture involving all healthcare professionals, organizations, and patients. Objective: To evaluate the level of health professionals' literacy regarding patient safety at a hospital center in the central region of Portugal. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the level of patient safety literacy among healthcare professionals. A sample of 300 professionals from a hospital center in central Portugal answered the World Health Organisation's ‘Questionnaire to Evaluate the Implementation of the Multiprofessional Guide.’ Most of the health professionals included in the study were female (76.3%), 50.3% were in the 36-50 age group and the majority were nurses (90%). Results: 44.0% of the respondents demonstrated low literacy in the "Error and Patient Safety" dimension. Similarly, 44.7% exhibited low literacy in the "Health System Safety" dimension. Regarding the "Personal Influence on Safety" dimension, more than half of the sample (52.7%) showed high literacy. Lastly, the majority of respondents displayed low literacy (54.7%) in the "Personal Attitudes towards Patient Safety" dimension. Conclusion: The findings indicate significant gaps in healthcare professionals' literacy concerning patient safety, predominantly in the "Personal Attitudes towards Patient Safety" dimension. Therefore, it is essential that healthcare professionals receive further training in patient safety to ensure the public's trust in their professional practices and confidence in the healthcare system. This translation is tailored for submission to a high-impact Q1 scientific journal, ensuring the use of precise and specialized technical English suitable for an academic audience.

Resumo O artigo surge a partir de uma investigação baseada em etnografia: observação participante, recolha de histórias de vida, entrevistas e testemunhos de refugiados e migrantes, residentes em Portugal. Centramo-nos numa experiência particular de projeto/investigação que designámos Living in a Different Culture (LDC) (2017/2019), destinada a migrantes que tinham em comum o objetivo de se tornarem estudantes universitários, antes da migração. O LDC apoiou os estudantes que queriam continuar a sua formação académica e aqueles que queriam encontrar caminhos alternativos de inclusão e autonomia, utilizando novas competências e conhecimentos académicos. Incluiu um curso sobre sociedade e cultura portuguesas, usando uma lente antropológica, aulas de português, entre outras disciplinas. Vários alunos continuaram os seus estudos, ou encontraram trabalho dentro da sua área de especialização. Destacámos obstáculos relacionados com ciclos de vida precária e violência estrutural. Argumentamos que, desvalorizando conhecimentos e competências de migrantes e refugiados, a sociedade de acolhimento perde recursos importantes para o seu próprio desenvolvimento. Concluímos, afirmando que projetos como o LDC exigem um compromisso de longo prazo, com apoio interinstitucional, uma estratégia de sustentabilidade e uma abordagem descolonial.

Abstract This article results from research comprised of fieldwork ethnography, participant observation, collection of life stories, interviews and testimonials of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants, living in Portugal. We focus on a particular experience of the research named Living in a Different Culture (LDC), which took place between 2017 and 2019, aimed at participants who shared the goal of becoming university students, before migration. LDC supported students who wanted to continue their academic training and those wanting to find alternative pathways of inclusion and autonomy, using new academic skills and knowledge. The project included a tailored course in Portuguese society and culture, created with an anthropological lens, Portuguese language classes and other disciplines. Several of the students who attended the course, in both academic years, continued their studies, or found work within their area of expertise. Obstacles highlighted in the paper perpetuated cycles of precarious living and structural violence. We argue that by devaluing migrants and refugees’ knowledges and skills, host society loses important resources to its own development. We conclude by stating that projects such as LDC require a long-term commitment with interinstitutional support, a sustainability strategy, and a decolonial mindset.