Abstract This document focuses on urban dispersion and accessibility in the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico and its influence on the university student population. This is achieved through the analysis of three groups of data: mobility surveys of the student community, school performance monitoring data provided by the University, and data from Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) on the location of main transportation in the city. The research provides results on the geographical dispersion of students, their dependence on the public transportation system, and how this situation is related to accessibility and academic performance, particularly in the case of students with greater lag. Finally, the importance of implementing these studies in businesses and schools that will contribute to the development of transportation and urban planning policies that reduce social disparities and improve mobility in the urban environment is highlighted.

Resumen Este documento aborda la relación entre dispersión urbana y accesibilidad en la zona metropolitana del Valle de México, junto a su influencia en la población estudiantil universitaria. Esto se logra a partir del análisis de tres grupos de datos: encuestas de movilidad a la comunidad estudiantil; datos de seguimiento del desempeño escolar aportados por la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; y datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) sobre la ubicación de los principales transportes de la ciudad. La investigación aporta resultados sobre la dispersión geográfica de los estudiantes, su dependencia al sistema de transporte público y sobre cómo esta situación se relaciona con la accesibilidad y el rendimiento académico, particularmente en el caso de los estudiantes con más rezago. Finalmente, se subraya la importancia de implementar estos estudios en empresas y escuelas que trabajen en la elaboración de políticas de transporte y planificación urbana para reducir las disparidades sociales y mejorar la movilidad en el entorno urbano.

Introdução O estudo examina o comportamento de citação de pesquisadores de programas de pós-graduação brasileiros na área de Ciências Sociais, especificamente nas subáreas de Antropologia, Ciência Política, Relações Internacionais e Sociologia. O principal objetivo é entender os fatores que influenciam a seleção de referências e as práticas empregadas na busca e seleção de materiais bibliográficos. Métodos Os dados foram coletados por meio de um survey, onde os participantes forneceram percepções sobre os fatores que influenciam a escolha de referências e seus hábitos de busca e seleção bibliográfica. A amostra foi selecionada com o apoio de associações profissionais da área, resultando em 708 respostas completas. O survey capturou informações demográficas, incluindo subárea, status acadêmico, gênero, país de formação e unidade federativa de residência. Resultados A maioria dos respondentes era da área de Ciência Política, eram alunos, do sexo masculino, com formação em instituições brasileiras e residentes na região Sudeste, especialmente em São Paulo. As análises de regressão apresentaram valores de R² muito baixos, indicando que as características da amostra explicam muito pouco do comportamento de citação relatado. Em relação aos hábitos de busca de documentos, os respondentes predominantemente utilizavam o Google Scholar e recorriam a sites piratas quando os documentos não estavam acessíveis gratuitamente. A revisão sistemática foi o método de revisão da literatura mais conhecido entre os participantes. Discussão Os resultados sugerem que, apesar das diversas características demográficas dos respondentes, esses fatores têm poder explicativo mínimo sobre o comportamento de citação. A preferência pelo Google Scholar e o uso de sites piratas destacam questões de acessibilidade aos recursos acadêmicos. O conhecimento sobre revisões sistemáticas aponta para uma tendência crescente de métodos estruturados de revisão da literatura nas ciências sociais, mas isso deve ser visto com cautela. Conclusão Este estudo fornece um panorama do comportamento de citação entre pesquisadores de pós-graduação brasileiros nas ciências sociais. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para explorar as razões subjacentes a esses comportamentos e como eles podem influenciar a qualidade e a diversidade das citações acadêmicas nessas áreas.

Introduction The study examines the citation behavior of researchers from Brazilian postgraduate programs in the Social Sciences, specifically within the subfields of Anthropology, Political Science, International Relations, and Sociology. The primary objective is to understand the factors influencing reference selection and the practices employed in searching and selecting bibliographic materials. Methods Data were collected through a survey, where participants provided insights into the factors influencing their reference choices and their bibliographic search and selection habits. The sample was chosen with the support of professional associations in the field, resulting in 708 complete responses. The survey captured demographic information, including subfield, academic status, gender, country of education, and state of residence. Results The majority of respondents were from Political Science, were students, male, educated at Brazilian institutions, and resided in the Southeast region, particularly São Paulo. The regression analyses showed very low R² values, indicating that the sample characteristics explain very little of the reported citation behavior. Regarding document search habits, respondents predominantly used Google Scholar and resorted to pirate websites when documents were not freely accessible. The systematic review was the most well-known method of literature review among participants. Discussion The results suggest that despite the diverse demographic characteristics of the respondents, these factors have minimal explanatory power regarding citation behavior. The preference for Google Scholar and the use of pirate websites highlight accessibility issues within academic resources. The knowledge of systematic reviews points to a growing trend toward structured literature review methods in the social sciences, but this should be viewed with caution. Conclusion This study provides a snapshot of the citation behavior among Brazilian postgraduate researchers in the social sciences. Further research is needed to explore the underlying reasons behind these behaviors and how they might influence the quality and diversity of academic citations in these fields.

The institutions of higher learning in South Africa (HEIs) still suffer from the remains of colonialism. Many different activities in HEI have exposed such legacy. For instance, the 2015/2016 #fees must fall, and Rhodes must fall mass student's protest exposed struggle for transformation in academic institutions. The current article wants to understand participants (which are graduates) experiences with regards to accessing the university. Twenty-two graduates were interviewed through individual semi-structured interviews. In a setting that still suffer from legacies of oppression, participants emphasised absence of easy access at the university as symbolising the still existing European domination in African institutions. Thus, poor students access experiences at the university are marked by misperceptions and disappointments due to several obstacles. There is a need for fundamental change in HEIs, by making certain that an inclusive admission of poor students in post-colonial South African universities is evident.

Resumen Introducción: Con la creciente demanda de aplicaciones en el mercado, las empresas han priorizado atender las necesidades tecnológicas del usuario promedio en detrimento de aquellos con diversidad funcional. Esto ha convertido la accesibilidad en un desafío crucial en diversos contextos, especialmente en el ámbito educativo, donde la diversidad de personas que acceden a contenido web es notable. Objetivo: Este trabajo presenta un estudio basado en una inspección de accesibilidad de seis portales web pertenecientes a universidades en la ciudad de Cartagena. El objetivo es determinar la relación entre la inclusión de pautas de accesibilidad y los factores de posicionamiento web obtenidos a través de Webometrics. Metodología: Se definen cinco fases metodológicas: elección de los portales web, selección de herramientas de inspección, aplicación de la inspección de accesibilidad, análisis de los resultados y formulación de conclusiones y recomendaciones. Resultados: Como resultado del estudio, se ha determinado una correlación superior a 0.8 entre el ranking local de las universidades según Webometrics y el ranking de problemas de accesibilidad identificados mediante herramientas de inspección automática. Conclusiones: El uso de herramientas automáticas de evaluación web debería ser implementado por las instituciones educativas para mejorar la accesibilidad de los sitios institucionales. Esta revisión periódica y la corrección de errores es una buena práctica para mejorar el posicionamiento local e internacional.

Abstract Introduction: With the growing demand for applications in the market, companies have increasingly focused on meeting the technological needs of the average user, often over looking those with functional diversity. Consequently, accessibility has emerged as a critical challenge across various contexts, particularly within the educational sphere, where the diverse range of individuals accessing web content is particularly pronounced. Objective: This paper presents a study centered on the accessibility inspection of six university websites located in the city of Cartagena. The primary aim is to ascertain the relationship between the integration of accessibility guidelines and web positioning factors as determined by Webometrics. Methodology: The methodology comprises five distinct phases: website selection, tool selection for inspection, execution of accessibility inspection, analysis of obtained results, and formulation of conclusions and recommendations. Results: The study revealed a correlation exceeding 0.8 between the local ranking of universities according to Webometrics and the ranking of accessibility issues identified through automated inspection tools. Conclusions: It is recommended that educational institutions adopt automatic web evaluation tools to enhance the accessibility of their institutional websites. This regular review and rectification of issues represent best practices for improving both local and international visibility and usability.

RESUMEN La conexión precalificada viga-columna es esencial para la resistencia sísmica de las estructuras, siendo fundamental en la formación tanto de estudiantes como de profesionales. Sin embargo, la limitada accesibilidad a costosos programas comerciales puede representar un desafío para muchos. En respuesta a esta problemática, surge CONEXIÓN RBS, un software libre que no solo ofrece una solución asequible, sino que también facilita el desarrollo de habilidades en el diseño de conexiones precalificadas a momento viga-columna con sección reducida RBS, conforme a la normativa ANSI / AISC 358 - 22. La interfaz gráfica amigable de CONEXIÓN RBS contribuye al aprendizaje intuitivo, permitiendo a los usuarios realizar cálculos y diseñar conexiones de manera automatizada. Este enfoque eficiente no solo minimiza el riesgo de errores derivados de cálculos manuales, sino que también agiliza el proceso, brindando a los usuarios la oportunidad de centrarse en comprender los conceptos y mejorar sus habilidades de diseño estructural. La inclusión de una memoria de cálculo en Smath Studio proporciona una herramienta valiosa para observar el paso a paso del diseño, enriqueciendo la comprensión del proceso. La comparación de los resultados de CONEXIÓN RBS con otros autores, con mínimas diferencias, valida la confiabilidad del software, respaldando su utilidad tanto en la práctica profesional como en el aprendizaje académico.

ABSTRACT The prequalified beam-column connection is essential for the seismic resistance of structures, being fundamental in the training of both students and professionals. However, the limited accessibility to expensive commercial software can be a challenge for many. In response to this problem, CONEXIÓN RBS, a free software that not only offers an affordable solution, but also facilitates the development of skills in the design of prequalified beam-column moment connections with reduced section RBS, according to ANSI / AISC 358 - 22. The user-friendly graphical interface of CONEXIÓN RBS contributes to intuitive learning, allowing users to perform calculations and design connections in an automated manner. This efficient approach not only minimizes the risk of errors arising from manual calculations, but also streamlines the process, giving users the opportunity to focus on understanding the concepts and improving their structural design skills. The inclusion of a calculation memory in Smath Studio provides a valuable tool for observing the design step-by-step, enriching the understanding of the process. The comparison of CONEXIÓN RBS results with other authors, with minimal differences, validates the reliability of the software, supporting its usefulness in both professional practice and academic learning.

Resumo Embora a acessibilidade ao ensino superior tenha melhorado em países de baixa e média renda (PBMR), a evasão persiste, especialmente entre estudantes socioeconomicamente desfavorecidos. Apesar dos avanços em modelos de Machine Learning para compreender esse desafio, muitos estudos negligenciam fatores institucionais específicos dos PBMR ou se concentram em cursos específicos, limitando sua aplicabilidade e relevância política. Para abordar isso, criamos uma base de dados usando registros administrativos e censitários para prever o desempenho acadêmico na Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Peru (PUCP). Os modelos mais eficazes, incluindo o Random Forest, destacaram preditores como desempenho prévio e pontuações em testes de admissão. Apresentamos um modelo eficiente com dez características que pode prever o desempenho futuro e assim contribuir para a redução da evasão na PUCP.

Abstract Despite improved higher education accessibility in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), challenges persist in student drop-out, especially for socio-economically disadvantaged students. While machine learning models have enhanced our understanding of this challenge by predicting academic performance, many studies overlook LMIC-specific institutional factors or focus on specific courses, limiting their generalizability and policy uses. To address these issues, the authors compiled a comprehensive database using administrative and census data to predict undergraduate academic performance at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP). The study found that the most effective models were tree-based ensembles, particularly Random Forest, with key predictors including prior secondary school performance and university admission test scores. They present a high-performing model using only ten features that can predict future academic performance and potentially aid in reducing student drop-out at PUCP.

Resumen Aunque la accesibilidad a la educación superior ha mejorado en países de renta baja y media (PRMB), persiste el abandono, especialmente entre estudiantes socioeconómicamente desfavorecidos. A pesar de los avances en modelos de Machine Learning para entender este desafío, muchos estudios descuidan factores institucionales específicos de los PRMB o se centran en cursos específicos, limitando su aplicabilidad y relevancia política. Para abordar esto, creamos una base de datos usando registros administrativos y censales para predecir el rendimiento académico en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP). Los modelos más efectivos, entre ellos Random Forest, destacaron predictores como el rendimiento previo y puntuaciones en pruebas de admisión. Presentamos un modelo eficiente con diez características que puede predecir el rendimiento futuro y así aportar a la reducción de la deserción en PUCP.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar factores asociados a la peregrinación anteparto en mujeres embarazadas en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Método: Estudio transversal con 300 puérperas de una maternidad de referencia estatal, realizado de marzo de 2020 a enero de 2021. Se estimó la frecuencia de peregrinación según características socioeconómicas y de atención prenatal. Análisis con Prueba de Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson variables seleccionadas para regresión de Poisson ajustada. Resultados: La frecuencia de peregrinación anteparto a más de un servicio de salud fue del 34,3%. Desconocer la maternidad de referencia (1,16; IC95%: 1,04–1,30) y no vivir cerca de la maternidad de referencia (1,16; IC95%: 1,03–1,31) se asociaron con la ocurrencia de peregrinación entre las mujeres. Las características personales y la atención prenatal no se asociaron. Conclusión: Hubo asociación entre la peregrinación anteparto y el desconocimiento de la maternidad de referencia y vivir lejos de esa maternidad, lo que requiere una mejor comunicación del equipo y garantizar un acceso más fácil a los servicios de atención obstétrica a través de la implementación efectiva de la regionalización de la atención materna. Objetivo Fortaleza Ceará Brasil Método 30 estatal 202 2021 ChiCuadrado Chi Cuadrado ajustada Resultados 343 34 3 34,3% 1,16 116 1 16 (1,16 IC95% IC95 IC 1,04–1,30 104130 04 1,03–1,31 103131 03 31 Conclusión materna 20 34,3 1,1 11 (1,1 IC9 1,04–1,3 10413 0 1,03–1,3 10313 2 34, 1, (1, 1,04–1, 1041 1,03–1, 1031 (1 1,04–1 104 1,03–1 103 ( 1,04– 10 1,03– 1,04 1,03 1,0

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with antepartum pilgrimage in pregnant women in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional study with 300 postpartum women from a state reference maternity hospital, carried out from March 2020 to January 2021. The frequency of pilgrimage was estimated according to socioeconomic characteristics and prenatal care. Analysis with Pearson’s chi-square test selected variables for adjusted Poisson regression. Results: The frequency of antepartum pilgrimage to more than one health service was 34.3%. Not knowing the reference maternity hospital (1.16; 95%CI: 1.04–1.30) and not living close to the reference maternity hospital (1.16; 95%CI: 1.03–1.31) were associated with the occurrence of pilgrimage among women. Personal characteristics and prenatal care were not associated. Conclusion: There was an association between antepartum pilgrimage and lack of knowledge of the reference maternity hospital and residence far from that maternity hospital, which requires better team communication and the guarantee of easier access to obstetric care services, through effective implementation of regionalization of maternal care. Objective Fortaleza Ceará Brazil Method crosssectional cross sectional 30 202 2021 Pearsons Pearson s chisquare chi square regression Results 343 34 3 34.3% 1.16 116 1 16 (1.16 95%CI 95CI CI 95 1.04–1.30 104130 04 1.03–1.31 103131 03 31 Conclusion services 20 34.3 1.1 11 (1.1 9 1.04–1.3 10413 0 1.03–1.3 10313 2 34. 1. (1. 1.04–1. 1041 1.03–1. 1031 (1 1.04–1 104 1.03–1 103 ( 1.04– 10 1.03– 1.04 1.03 1.0

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores associados à peregrinação anteparto em gestantes de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal com 300 puérperas de uma maternidade de referência estadual, realizado de março de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. Foi estimada a frequência da peregrinação segundo características socioeconômicas e de assistência pré-natal. Análises com o Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson selecionaram variáveis para a regressão de Poisson ajustada. Resultados: A frequência de peregrinação anteparto por mais de um serviço de saúde foi de 34,3%. Não conhecer a maternidade de referência (1,16; IC95% 1,04–1,30) e não residir próximo à maternidade de referência (1,16; IC95%: 1,03–1,31) estiveram associados à ocorrência de peregrinação entre as mulheres. Características pessoais e de assistência pré-natal não se mostraram associadas. Conclusão: Verificou-se associação da peregrinação anteparto com o desconhecimento da maternidade de referência e com a residência distante dessa maternidade, o que requer melhor comunicação da equipe e a garantia de acesso facilitado aos serviços de assistência obstétrica por meio da implementação eficaz da regionalização dos cuidados maternos. Objetivo Fortaleza Ceará Brasil Método 30 estadual 202 2021 prénatal. prénatal pré natal. natal QuiQuadrado Qui Quadrado ajustada Resultados 343 34 3 34,3% 1,16 116 1 16 (1,16 IC95 IC 1,04–1,30 104130 04 1,03–1,31 103131 03 31 mulheres associadas Conclusão Verificouse Verificou maternos 20 34,3 1,1 11 (1,1 IC9 1,04–1,3 10413 0 1,03–1,3 10313 2 34, 1, (1, 1,04–1, 1041 1,03–1, 1031 (1 1,04–1 104 1,03–1 103 ( 1,04– 10 1,03– 1,04 1,03 1,0

ABSTRACT Introduction: Undergraduate medical training involves both theoretical and practical learnings, with university hospitals being the main practice setting. In consultations involving issues of patient intimacy, embarrassment is a possibility. This may compromise the quality of care and/or medical training. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the psycho-affective aspects of gynecological consultation, based on the patients’ perceptions, in order to find elements to help shape medical education toward humanized care. Method: This is an observational, cross-sectional, qualitative study, carried out in the gynecology outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Outpatient users who were in the waiting room for gynecological care were included, representing a sample for accessibility. Data collection took place between the months of February and August 2021 through a semi-structured interview with previously prepared guiding questions. A total of 50 interviews were conducted, which were later transcribed and analyzed by the IRaMuTeQ software. Result: From the perspective of the patients, the gynecological consultation involves two main spheres of interest: the medical-gynaecological assistance given to them and the teaching-learning aimed at students. Within this division, two perspectives emerge: firstly, that which draws on the personal demand and, secondly, that which considers the interest of the other (the student). In the discourses on medical- gynecological assistance, the speakers focus on themselves, on the embarrassment experienced during the assistance. In the discourses on the teaching and learning of the students, the speakers primarily focus on the importance of clinical practice in medical training. Thus, there is an intersection between “the care provided to me” and the “other’s teaching-learning process”. The patient’s embarrassment seems to be overcome in favour of a greater goal: to contribute to the training of future doctors. Conclusion: Despite the embarrassment experienced in gynecological consultation in an academic environment, the users’ understanding of their contribution to medical education promotes a collaborative attitude, which is found to facilitate care in this scenario. The attenuation of the embarrassment was also found to be proportional to the experience of the woman in this type of care. Introduction learnings setting intimacy possibility andor or Objective psychoaffective psycho affective patients perceptions Method observational crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional hospital included accessibility 202 semistructured semi structured questions 5 conducted software Result medicalgynaecological gynaecological teachinglearning students division emerge firstly secondly student. student . student) themselves Thus me others s process. process process” goal doctors Conclusion environment attitude scenario 20 2

Resumo: Introdução: A graduação no curso de Medicina se dá por meio de uma formação teórico-prática que tem nos hospitais universitários o seu principal cenário de práticas. Nas consultas que envolvem questões da intimidade do paciente, o constrangimento é uma possibilidade. Isso pode comprometer a qualidade da assistência e/ou da formação médica. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os aspectos psicoafetivos da consulta ginecológica, a partir da percepção das pacientes, de modo a encontrar elementos que possam favorecer a adequação da formação médica à humanização do atendimento. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado no ambulatório de ginecologia de um hospital universitário. Foram incluídas as usuárias do ambulatório que estavam na sala de espera para atendimento ginecológico, configurando-se como uma amostra por acessibilidade. A coleta de dados se deu entre os meses de fevereiro e agosto de 2021, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com perguntas norteadoras previamente elaboradas. Realizaram-se 50 entrevistas, cujos discursos foram posteriormente transcritos e analisados pelo software IRaMuTeQ. Resultado: Sob a perspectiva das pacientes, o momento da consulta ginecológica envolve duas esferas de interesse principais: a assistência médico-ginecológica dada a elas e o ensino-aprendizado destinado aos estudantes. A partir dessa divisão, emergem duas perspectivas: aquela que parte da demanda pessoal, e a que considera o interesse do outro (o estudante). Nos discursos sobre a assistência ginecológica, as falas concentram o olhar para si, para o constrangimento vivenciado durante a assistência. Já nos discursos sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem dos estudantes, as falas referem-se, em sua maioria, ao reconhecimento da importância da prática clínica na formação médica. Dessa forma, ocorre uma intersecção entre “a assistência fornecida a mim” e o “processo de ensino-aprendizagem do outro”. O constrangimento das pacientes parece ser superado em favor de um objetivo maior: contribuir para a formação de futuros médicos. Conclusão: Apesar do constrangimento experimentado na consulta ginecológica em ambiente acadêmico, a compreensão das usuárias acerca da sua contribuição para a formação médica promove um posicionamento colaborativo, revelando-se como elemento facilitador da assistência nesse cenário. Foi revelada também uma atenuação do constrangimento proporcional à experiência da mulher nesse tipo de atendimento. Resumo Introdução teóricoprática teórico práticas paciente possibilidade eou ou Objetivo Método Tratase Trata observacional transversal qualitativa universitário ginecológico configurandose configurando acessibilidade 2021 elaboradas Realizaramse Realizaram 5 entrevistas IRaMuTeQ Resultado principais médicoginecológica médico ensinoaprendizado aprendizado estudantes divisão perspectivas pessoal estudante. estudante . estudante) si referemse, referemse referem se, referem-se maioria forma mim processo ensinoaprendizagem outro. outro” maior médicos Conclusão acadêmico colaborativo revelandose revelando 202 20 2

Abstract Open access (OA) publishing provides free online access to research articles without subscription fees. In Brazil, absence of financial support from academic institutions and limited government policies pose challenges to OA publication. Here, we used data from the Web of Science and Scopus to compare with global trends in journal accessibility and scientific quality metrics. Brazilian authors publish more OA articles, particularly in Global South journals. While OA correlates with quality for global authors, it had no impact on Brazilian science. To maximize impact, Brazilian authors should prioritize Q1 journals regardless of OA status. High-impact or Global North journal publication seems more relevant for Brazilian science than OA. Our findings indicate that the present open access policy has been ineffective to improve the impact of Brazilian science, providing insights to guide the formulation of scientific public policies. (OA fees Brazil Here metrics Q status Highimpact High

RESUMEN Fundamento: Moodle rompe las limitaciones de espacio y tiempo en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, fomenta el uso de recursos que posibilitan el desarrollo del proceso de evaluación y la independencia cognoscitiva de los estudiantes. Objetivo: diseñar una metodología para la preparación del docente sobre el uso de la plataforma Moodle en el proceso de evaluación de la disciplina Metodología de la Investigación en Salud. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín, curso 2022. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos. Se calcularon valores absolutos y porcentajes. El Alfa de Cronbach aplicado en el cuestionario a docentes resultó 0.73. Se seleccionaron cinco especialistas para la valoración de la metodología. Resultados: más de 50 % de los docentes expresaron que pocas veces o nunca emplean la plataforma Moodle para la evaluación frecuente y 86,7 % consideró regular el conocimiento que poseen; mientras el 84,4 % de los estudiantes la emplean para descargar materiales docentes. Se propone una metodología para la preparación del docente en la evaluación frecuente utilizando la plataforma, incluye instructivo y entrenamiento, fue estructurada en cinco etapas. Conclusiones: la metodología diseñada facilitó herramientas para la elaboración de la evaluación frecuente mediante la plataforma. Los especialistas la valoraron como aceptada para su aplicación.

ABSTRACT Background: Moodle breaks the limitations of space and time in the teaching-learning process, encouraging the use of resources that enable the development of the evaluation process and the cognitive independence of students. Objective: design a methodology for teaching preparation on the use of the Moodle platform in the evaluation process of the Health Research Methodology discipline. Methods: a development investigation was carried out at Holguín University of Medical Sciences, academic year 2022. Theoretical and empirical methods were used. Absolute values and percentages were calculated. Cronbach's Alpha applied to the teacher’s questionnaire was 0.73. Five specialists were selected to evaluate the methodology. Results: more than 50% of teachers expressed that they rarely or never use the Moodle platform for frequent evaluation and 86.7% considered they regulate the knowledge they possess; while 84.4% of students use it to download teaching materials. A methodology is proposed for teaching preparation in frequent evaluation using the platform, it includes instructions and training, it was structured in five stages. Conclusions: the designed methodology provided tools for the preparation of frequent evaluation through the platform. The specialists assessed it as accepted for application.

RESUMEN Fundamento: los sistemas educativos enfrentan el desafío de utilizar las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones para proveer a sus estudiantes de las herramientas y conocimientos necesarios impuestos en el siglo XXI. Objetivo: diseñar la estructura temática del libro electrónico para la asignatura Informática Básica en las ciencias médicas. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque cualitativo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Calixto García” en el curso 2022. Se utilizaron métodos de nivel teórico: histórico-lógico, sistémico estructural, modelación e inductivo- deductivo. En el nivel empírico: entrevista y cuestionario para verificar los nexos y relaciones que se ofrecen en los referentes teóricos relacionados con las características que debe poseer un libro de texto como medio de enseñanza en el proceso docente educativo. Resultados: se elaboró el libro electrónico de Informática Básica donde su tuvieron en cuenta los objetivos y desarrollo de habilidades declarados en el programa de la asignatura; contiene cinco temas; está estructurado en portada, índice y capítulos; tiene ejercicios propuestos y ejercicios resueltos, diagramas, animaciones e imágenes, vínculos donde se puede extraer información adicional y precisa, y múltiples documentos bibliográficos. Conclusiones: el libro electrónico para la asignatura Informática Básica fortalece el desarrollo del proceso docente educativo y sirve de base para la formación de habilidades una vez graduado el estudiante. Fue valorado como adecuado acorde a los objetivos del curso, por los expertos consultados.

ABSTRACT Background: educational systems face the challenge of using information and communications technologies to provide their students with the necessary tools and knowledge imposed in the 21st century. Objective: design the thematic structure of the electronic book for the subject Basic Computing in medical sciences. Methods: a development research with a qualitative approach was carried out at the “Calixto García” Faculty of Medical Sciences in the 2022 academic year. Theoretical level methods were used: historical-logical, structural systemic, modeling and inductive-deductive. At the empirical level: interview and questionnaire to verify the links and relationships offered in the theoretical references related to the characteristics that a textbook should have as a teaching aid for the teaching-learning process. Results: the Basic Computing electronic book was prepared where the objectives and development of skills declared in the subject program were taken into account; it contains five topics; It is structured into a cover, index and chapters; It has proposed exercises and solved exercises, diagrams, animations and images, links where additional and precise information can be extracted, and multiple bibliographic documents. Conclusions: the electronic book for the Basic Computing subject strengthens the development of the educational teaching process and serves as a basis for the formation of skills once the student graduates. It was assessed as adequate according to the objectives of the course, by the experts consulted.

RESUMEN Fundamento: el uso adecuado de la virtualidad en la educación mejora la percepción de los estudiantes de nivel superior en el campo de la salud. Sobre esta base se puede asumir que el uso de estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje en los entornos virtuales debe mejorar su satisfacción académica. Objetivo: determinar cuáles son las estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje en entornos virtuales que más influyen en la satisfacción académica de estudiantes de nivel técnico superior. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva correlacional con enfoque cuantitativo en el Instituto de Educación Superior de Lima Metropolitana. Se usaron como métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; y empíricos: la encuesta, utilizando como instrumentos los cuestionarios de Escala de aprendizaje autorregulado en contextos virtuales y escala de satisfacción académica aplicados durante el mes de julio de 2022. Resultados: los estudiantes encuestados presentaban un nivel alto en estrategias de control (60,4 %) atribuciones motivacionales (44,1 %), trabajo colaborativo (45,0 %) y apoyo del asesor (49,5 %); y un 60,4 % presentaba alto nivel de satisfacción académica. El análisis bivariado evidenció que las cuatro estrategias analizadas influyeron significativamente sobre el nivel de satisfacción académica; sin embargo, en el análisis multivariado, solo el apoyo del asesor mantuvo un valor significativo. Conclusiones: los estudiantes que usan más las estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje en entornos virtuales tienen un mayor nivel de satisfacción académica, el apoyo del asesor resultó ser el más influyente para lograrlo.

ABSTRACT Background: the appropriate use of virtuality in education improves the perception of higher level students in the field of health. On this basis, it can be assumed that the use of self-regulated learning strategies in virtual environments should improve academic satisfaction. Objective: to determine which are the self-regulation strategies for learning in virtual environments that most influence the academic satisfaction of students at a higher technical level. Methods: a descriptive correlational research with a quantitative approach was carried out at the Institute of Higher Education of Metropolitan Lima. The following theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; and empirical ones: the survey, using as instruments the Self-regulated learning scale in virtual contexts and academic satisfaction scale questionnaires applied during the month of July 2022. Results: the students surveyed had a high level of control strategies (60.4%), motivational attributions (44.1%), collaborative work (45.0%) and advisor support (49.5%); and 60.4% had a high level of academic satisfaction. The bivariate analysis showed that the four strategies analyzed significantly influenced the level of academic satisfaction; However, in the multivariate analysis, only the advisor's support maintained a significant value. Conclusions: students who use more self-regulated learning strategies in virtual environments have a higher level of academic satisfaction; the advisor's support turned out to be the most influential in achieving it.

For an institution of higher education such as the Universidad de Antofagasta, it is imperative to emphasize the importance of state funding for public universities. State support is crucial to preserve their autonomy and contribute to society's development. Recently, the solidarity expressed by the Consortium of State Universities of Chile (CUECH) towards the Interuniversity Council of Argentina (CIN) underlines the importance of public education and scientific research in solving our societies' structural problems. Throughout its history, Chile has faced persistent socioeconomic inequalities manifested in a disparate distribution of resources and educational opportunities. Low-income families are significantly affected, encountering more significant obstacles to accessing quality education, which contributes to perpetuating the educational gaps in the country. The State's higher education institutions have a fundamental and missionary role in this context: finding solutions through their teaching and research to propel Chile toward full development. Nevertheless, these public universities must have adequate funding to achieve this goal. Adequate financial resources guarantee the quality of the education they offer and strengthen their capacity to face the country's social and economic challenges. Studies in European and North American countries reinforce the importance of state funding for higher education. Research such as that of Barr and Crawford 1 in the United Kingdom has shown that adequate government support is essential to ensure academic excellence and equality of opportunity in public universities. Additionally, studies in the United States have highlighted that government investment in research and development in public institutions boosts innovation and economic progress 2. Doyle and Skinner's work 3, which has highlighted how state funding in scholarship and student aid programs in public universities in the United States has contributed to improving accessibility and equity in higher education, is another relevant example 3. Various studies in Chile have highlighted the challenges public universities face regarding funding and educational quality. The report of the National Accreditation Commission (CNA) has identified significant inequalities in funding and quality among higher education institutions in the country. Moreover, academic studies conducted by institutions such as the Center for Public Studies (CEP) and Foundation Chile21 have highlighted the need to increase state funding to ensure equitable access to higher education and improve the quality of education (CEP). These researches highlight the importance of adequate public policies that promote equity and access to higher education in our country. Meanwhile, studies such as 4 have evidenced how excessive dependence on the market as a regulator of public universities' success can undermine their mission of generating knowledge and serving society. Therefore, it is paramount that the state recognize the strategic role of regional universities in developing the country and sustainably increase its financial support. This distinction will contribute to reducing territorial inequalities and strengthening the educational system's capacity to face the challenges of the 21st century. Adequate state funding is an indispensable requirement to guarantee the quality, equity, and autonomy of state universities. From the Universidad de Antofagasta, we reaffirm our commitment to public higher education and call on all interested parties to rally in defense of this fundamental principle for our society's human and social development.

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly impacted the traditional functioning of academic libraries, prompting a critical need to investigate the challenges and opportunities in adapting and reorganising these institutions. This study documents how academic libraries transformed following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. It identifies how these libraries evolved to meet the changing needs of users in a post-pandemic world. A qualitative study was done using a multi-case study design where three university libraries were purposively selected. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Fifteen participants were selected using stratified random sampling technique where the strata comprised of library management, technical, reader, circulation, and technology librarians. The data was analysed using thematic content analysis. The findings reveal that libraries were forced to enhance virtual library services to continue serving the library users to meet the needs of hybrid teaching and learning. Online reference services were introduced, and virtual training sessions and meetings were continued after COVID-19. Library services were embedded in the learning management systems. This study assists academic libraries to better handle future disruptions or unforeseen circumstances to improve online resources, enhance remote access, and integrate advanced technologies to enhance the overall user experience.

RESUMO Objetivo: Elencar possíveis alternativas no universo de opções viáveis para que as bibliotecas universitárias alcancem maior autonomia nas práticas interculturais, levando em consideração o contexto pré-globalização e pós-pandemia. No âmbito das bibliotecas universitárias, é importante adotar práticas específicas para analisar as dinâmicas interculturais e promover a interação entre indivíduos de diferentes culturas. Método: O método utilizado neste estudo é a pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter descritivo. Nesse sentido, sugere-se que as bibliotecas universitárias adotem estratégias para compartilhar os valores culturais de sua comunidade, a fim de criar um ambiente mais inclusivo e acolhedor. Resultado: Como resultado, espera-se que as iniciativas das bibliotecas universitárias permitam reconhecer e valorizar a diversidade cultural presente na comunidade acadêmica, estimulando a troca de conhecimentos e experiências entre os usuários, fomentando um diálogo intercultural e contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de um maior respeito mútuo entre indivíduos de diferentes origens. Além disso, espera-se que essas iniciativas promovam a inclusão e acessibilidade de grupos sub-representados, fortalecendo os laços entre a biblioteca e a comunidade universitária. Conclusões: Esta abordagem de práticas interculturais e de interculturalidade em bibliotecas universitárias tem o potencial de fortalecer a diversidade e enriquecer a atmosfera do ambiente informacional. Ao valorizar a pluralidade de perspectivas e experiências presentes na comunidade acadêmica, a biblioteca se posiciona como um espaço inclusivo e acolhedor, capaz de inspirar o compartilhamento de conhecimentos e a troca de ideias. Essa dinâmica intercultural enriquece o ecossistema informacional, estimulando a curiosidade, o respeito e o crescimento pessoal de todos os envolvidos. Objetivo préglobalização pré globalização póspandemia. póspandemia pós pandemia. pandemia pós-pandemia culturas Método descritivo sentido sugerese sugere acolhedor Resultado resultado esperase espera acadêmica usuários origens disso subrepresentados, subrepresentados sub representados, representados sub-representados universitária Conclusões informacional ideias curiosidade envolvidos

ABSTRACT Objective: To list possible alternatives in the universe of viable options for university libraries to achieve greater autonomy in intercultural practices, taking into account the pre-globalization and post-pandemic context. Within the scope of university libraries, it is important to adopt specific practices to analyze intercultural dynamics and promote interaction between individuals from different cultures. Methods: The method used in this study is descriptive bibliographic research. In this sense, it is suggested that university libraries adopt strategies to share the cultural values of their community in order to create a more inclusive and welcoming environment. Results: As a result, it is expected that university library initiatives will allow for the recognition and appreciation of cultural diversity present in the academic community, stimulating the exchange of knowledge and experiences among users, fostering intercultural dialogue and contributing to the development of greater mutual respect between individuals from different backgrounds. In addition, it is expected that these initiatives will promote the inclusion and accessibility of underrepresented groups, strengthening ties between the library and the university community. Conclusions: This approach to intercultural practices and interculturality in university libraries has the potential to strengthen diversity and enrich the atmosphere of the information environment. By valuing the plurality of perspectives and experiences present in the academic community, the library positions itself as an inclusive and welcoming space, capable of inspiring the sharing of knowledge and the exchange of ideas. This intercultural dynamic enriches the information ecosystem, stimulating curiosity, respect and personal growth in all involved. Objective preglobalization pre globalization postpandemic post pandemic context cultures Methods research sense environment Results result users backgrounds addition groups Conclusions space ideas ecosystem curiosity involved