ABSTRACT. Article 43 of Law 1258, 2008 refers to the abuse of the rights of majority, parity, and minority, allowing to sue requesting both the nullification of corporate decisions and damages. Such a rule has triggered a voluminous case law. Nonetheless, such success has been pyrrhic, since while claimants obtain a judgment annulling some decisions and granting damages, they continue as prisoners in the company and defenseless against new oppressions. For the action for abuse of voting rights to be effective, this text proposes suspending some voting rights of the abusing shareholder or granting them to the shareholder suffering the oppression.

RESUMEN. La Ley 1258 de 2008 consagra los abusos de voto de mayoría, paridad y minoría, permitiendo demandar la nulidad de decisiones sociales y solicitar perjuicios. Esta norma ha generado una amplia jurisprudencia. Con todo, las victorias de los accionistas oprimidos han sido pírricas, ya que, si bien obtienen la nulidad de ciertas decisiones sociales y una condena monetaria a favor, siguen presos en la compañía e inermes frente a nuevas conductas abusivas. Para que la acción por abuso del derecho al voto sea eficaz, se propone suspender votos del accionista que abusa de ellos u otorgarlos a su víctima.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to propose a public policy intended to ensure an appropriate use of precautionary measures, pre-trial service units. These administrative structures, on the one hand, enhance the application of alternative exits from pretrial detention and, on the other, ensure that their implementation is not synonymous with impunity and insecurity. Specifically, this strategy addresses two central problems of traditional justice: the absence of an adequate diagnosis to choose the most suitable preventive option and the monitoring of the imposed regimen. It specifically focuses on providing verified information about social ties. The practical advantage is that this proposal is based on a methodology proven in the international context, in Ecuador, and recommended as a best practice by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. In fact, in Latin America, various experiences, whose results were measured, reveal that the application of this strategy at different times achieved an unprecedented effectiveness in enhancing substitute measures and ensuring the appearance of individuals at trial. Even at a time when the press and the public exert pressure to increase provisional incarceration, they are a valid response, as the issued report transparently elucidates the reasons behind the adopted judicial resolution.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es plantear una política pública destinada a garantizar un uso adecuado de las medidas cautelares, las unidades de servicios previos al juicio. Estas estructuras administrativas, por un lado, potencian la aplicación de las salidas alternativas a la prisión preventiva, así como, por otro, se ocupan de que su aplicación no sea sinónimo de impunidad e inseguridad. Esta estrategia enfrenta dos problemas centrales de la justicia tradicional, la ausencia de un diagnóstico adecuado para escoger la opción cautelar más adecuada, datos del arraigo social, y el seguimiento al régimen impuesto. La ventaja práctica es que esta propuesta se fundamenta en una metodología probada en el contexto internacional, en el Ecuador y recomendada como una buena práctica por la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. De hecho, en Latinoamérica las distintas experiencias cuyos resultados fueron medidos revelan que la aplicación de esta estrategia en diversos momentos alcanzó una efectividad sin precedentes para potenciar medidas sustitutivas y para conseguir la presentación de las personas al juicio. Inclusive, en un momento en el que la prensa y la ciudadanía ejercen presiones para aumentar el encarcelamiento provisional son una respuesta válida, pues el informe emitido transparenta las causas de la resolución judicial adoptada.

Abstract Every year the number of Moroccan women who travel temporarily to Spain to work in the berry farm grows. In the year 2022 there were 19,000 women. However, this activity is accompanied by labor irregularities, complaints of sexual abuse and other problems that have drawn the attention of international organizations. The aim of this article is to expose the existing breach of labor rights based on the construction of a recruitment profile and the emerging response and attitude of resistance on the part of migrant women in the province. The methodology starts from a feminist point of view and an ethnographic study is carried out, from February to April 2022, where the main axis will be the stories of Moroccan women. Among the conclusions we discover how the search for a recruitment profile based on discriminatory elements that guarantee the return of women workers leads to serious consequences such as the systematic breach of their labor rights.

Resumen Cada año crece el número de mujeres marroquíes que se desplaza de forma temporal a España para trabajar en la explotación agrícola de frutos rojos. En el año 2022 fueron 19.000 mujeres. Sin embargo, esta actividad ha generado preocupación social debido a las denuncias continuas por parte de las trabajadoras por vulneración de derechos, así como por abusos sexuales. El objetivo de este artículo es la exposición de la violación de derechos laborales existente con base en la construcción de un perfil de contratación y la emergente respuesta de resistencia por parte de las mujeres migrantes en la provincia. La metodología parte de un punto de vista feminista y se realiza un estudio etnográfico, desde febrero a abril de 2022, donde el eje principal serán los relatos de las mujeres marroquíes. Entre las conclusiones descubrimos cómo la búsqueda de un perfil de contratación basado en elementos discriminatorios que garanticen el retorno de las trabajadoras.

Sexual harassment (SH) includes sexual insinuations, threats, intimidation, physical contact and blackmail associated with patriarchy and power relations. This study analyzed accounts of female university students who experienced SH, focusing on the main characteristics of this type of abuse, individual and collective actions, and health aspects. We conducted a virtual ethnography involving the thematic analysis of the content of 24 accounts of Brazilian women on the Facebook page #MeuProfessorAbusador. The violence perpetrated by teachers consisted of touching and unwanted compliments, suggestive looks, “accidental” kisses, sexist comments, sexual joking and persistent invitations. The women reported feeling threatened and silenced in educational spaces, feeling like giving up the course, and self-blame, and suffered from moral harassment, racial and gender discrimination, and physical and mental illness. The experiences of SH indicate the need for institutional programs to tackle this problem and protect women’s rights. (SH insinuations threats intimidation relations abuse actions aspects 2 MeuProfessorAbusador #MeuProfessorAbusador compliments looks accidental “accidental kisses comments invitations spaces course selfblame, selfblame self blame, blame self-blame discrimination illness womens s rights

El acoso sexual (AS) envuelve insinuaciones, amenazas, intimidaciones, contactos físicos y chantajes asociados a las relaciones patriarcales y de poder. Análisis de los relatos de universitarias que sufrieron AS, sus configuraciones, las acciones individuales y colectivas y los relatos sobre la salud. Etnografía virtual con análisis temático de contenido de 24 declaraciones de brasileñas en Facebook, en la página #MeuProfessorAbusador. Esa violencia realizada por profesores se configura por los toqueteos y elogios no deseados, miradas sugerentes, “besos accidentales”, comentarios sexistas, chistes relacionados al sexo e invitaciones persistentes. Ellas relatan que se sienten amenazadas y silenciadas en los espacios educativos, con el deseo de desistir de los cursos, se autoculpan y sufren con el acoso moral, discriminaciones raciales y de género y enfermedades físicas y mentales. Las experiencias de AS muestran la necesidad de programas de enfrentamiento institucional para la protección de los derechos de las mujeres. (AS insinuaciones amenazas intimidaciones poder configuraciones salud 2 Facebook MeuProfessorAbusador #MeuProfessorAbusador deseados sugerentes besos accidentales, accidentales , accidentales” sexistas persistentes educativos cursos moral mentales mujeres

O assédio sexual (AS) envolve insinuações, ameaças, intimidações, contatos físicos e chantagens associadas às relações patriarcais e de poder. O presente artigo objetivou analisar os relatos de universitárias que sofreram AS; suas configurações; ações individuais e coletivas; e os relatos sobre a saúde. Trata-se de uma etnografia virtual com análise temática de conteúdo de 24 depoimentos de brasileiras no Facebook, na página #MeuProfessorAbusador. Essa violência perpetrada por professores se configura por toques e elogios indesejáveis, olhares sugestivos, “beijos acidentais”, comentários sexistas, piadas sexualizadas e convites persistentes. Elas relatam se sentir ameaçadas e silenciadas nos espaços educativos, com o desejo de desistir dos cursos, autoculpabilizam-se e sofrem com o assédio moral; discriminações raciais e de gênero; e adoecimentos físicos e mentais. As experiências de AS indicam a necessidade de programas de enfrentamento institucional para a proteção dos direitos das mulheres. (AS insinuações ameaças intimidações poder configurações coletivas saúde Tratase Trata 2 Facebook MeuProfessorAbusador #MeuProfessorAbusador indesejáveis sugestivos beijos acidentais, acidentais , acidentais” sexistas persistentes educativos cursos autoculpabilizamse autoculpabilizam moral gênero mentais mulheres

Abstract Objective To describe suspected/confirmed cases of child maltreatment related to fractures in a pediatric hospital in southern Brazil. Method Study of the Information System of Notifiable Diseases notifications and the victims’ medical records between January/2016 and December/2020. Variables related to the victim, the perpetrator, the type of abuse, the presence of fractures, and their anatomical location and death were evaluated. Logistic regression was performed to identify fracture-related variables, adjusted for sex and age. The results were expressed in odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. It was considered significant p < 0.05. Results There were 276 cases, 73 infants (26.4%), male predominance (151, 54.7%), with authorship of the mistreatment by relatives (245, 96,0%), 85 (31,5%), they presented fractures, with five deaths (1.9%). Factors related to the presence of fracture: age of the victim (less than two years old; n = 82; or 2.48; 95% CI: 1.45 - 4.25), having more than two aggressors involved (n = 144; or 2.09; 95% CI: 1.16-3.75), the medium being traffic/automobile accident, (n = 52; or 2.65; 95% CI: 1.04–6.75), consult an orthopedist (n = 91; or 6.77 / 95% CI: 3.66–12.51), and the need for surgical intervention (n = 15; OR 36.72; 95% CI: 8.22–164.03). Conclusions The importance of suspicion, early identification of aggression, and the correct completion of notifications for activating the system of guaranteeing rights and removal of the aggressor was emphasized. suspectedconfirmed suspected confirmed Brazil victims January2016 January 2016 January/201 December2020 December 2020 December/2020 perpetrator abuse evaluated fracturerelated fracture variables 95 intervals 005 0 05 0.05 27 7 26.4%, 264 26.4% , 26 4 (26.4%) 151, 151 (151 54.7%, 547 54.7% 54 54.7%) 245, 245 (245 96,0%, 960 96,0% 96 96,0%) 8 31,5%, 315 31,5% 31 5 (31,5%) 1.9%. 19 1.9% . 1 9 (1.9%) less old 82 2.48 248 2 48 CI 145 45 1.4 4.25, 425 4.25 25 4.25) 144 2.09 209 09 1.163.75, 116375 1.16 3.75 16 3 75 1.16-3.75) trafficautomobile traffic automobile accident 52 2.65 265 65 1.04–6.75, 104675 1.04–6.75 04 6 1.04–6.75) 91 677 77 6.7 3.66–12.51, 3661251 3.66–12.51 66 12 51 3.66–12.51) 15 36.72 3672 36 72 8.22–164.03. 82216403 8.22–164.03 22 164 03 8.22–164.03) suspicion aggression emphasized January201 201 January/20 December202 202 December/202 00 0.0 26.4 (26.4% (15 54.7 24 (24 96,0 31,5 (31,5% 1.9 (1.9% 2.4 14 1. 42 4.2 2.0 20 163 1.163.75 11637 116 1.1 375 3.7 1.16-3.75 2.6 10467 1.04–6.7 67 6. 366125 3.66–12.5 36.7 367 8221640 8.22–164.0 January20 January/2 December20 December/20 0. 26. (26.4 (1 54. (2 96, 31, (31,5 (1.9 2. 4. 1.163.7 1163 11 37 3. 1.16-3.7 1046 1.04–6. 36612 3.66–12. 36. 822164 8.22–164. January2 January/ December2 December/2 (26. ( (31, (1. 1.163. 1.16-3. 104 1.04–6 3661 3.66–12 82216 8.22–164 December/ (26 (31 1.163 1.16-3 10 1.04– 366 3.66–1 8221 8.22–16 (3 1.16- 1.04 3.66– 822 8.22–1 1.0 3.66 8.22– 3.6 8.22 8.2 8.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever os casos suspeitos/confirmados de maus-tratos infantis relacionados a fraturas, atendidos em um hospital pediátrico no Sul do Brasil. Método Estudo das notificações do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e dos prontuários das vítimas, entre janeiro/2016 e dezembro/2020. Avaliadas variáveis relacionadas à vítima, ao autor, à tipologia de maus-tratos, à presença de fraturas e sua localização anatômica e óbito. Regressão logística foi realizada para identificar as variáveis relacionadas à fratura, ajustada para sexo e idade, expressa em razão de chance e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Foi considerado significativo p < 0.05. Resultados Houve 276 casos, 73 lactentes (26,4%), predomínio do sexo masculino (151, 54,7%), com autoria dos maus-tratos por parentes (245, 96,0%), 85 (31,5%), apresentaram fraturas, sendo cinco óbitos (1,9%). Fatores relacionados à presença de fratura: idade da vítima (menor de dois anos; n = 82; RC 2,48; IC 95%: 1,45 - 4,25), ter mais de dois agressores envolvidos (n = 144; RC 2,09; IC 95%: 1,16 - 3,75), o meio ser trânsito/acidente automobilístico, (n = 52; RC 2,65; IC 95%: 1,04–6,75), consultar com ortopedista (n = 91; RC 6,77 / IC 95%: 3,66–12,51), e necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica (n = 15; RC 36,72; IC 95%: 8,22–164,03). Conclusões Ressaltada a importância da suspeição e identificação precoce da agressão, o preenchimento correto das notificações, para o acionamento do sistema de garantia de direitos e afastamento do agressor. suspeitosconfirmados suspeitos confirmados maustratos maus tratos Brasil vítimas janeiro2016 janeiro 2016 janeiro/201 dezembro2020 dezembro 2020 dezembro/2020 autor maustratos, tratos, óbito fratura 95 95% 005 0 05 0.05 27 7 26,4%, 264 26,4% , 26 4 (26,4%) 151, 151 (151 54,7%, 547 54,7% 54 54,7%) 245, 245 (245 96,0%, 960 96,0% 96 96,0%) 8 31,5%, 315 31,5% 31 5 (31,5%) 1,9%. 19 1,9% . 1 9 (1,9%) menor anos 82 2,48 248 2 48 145 45 1,4 4,25, 425 4,25 25 4,25) 144 2,09 209 09 116 16 1,1 3,75, 375 3,75 3 75 3,75) trânsitoacidente trânsito acidente automobilístico 52 2,65 265 65 1,04–6,75, 104675 1,04–6,75 04 6 1,04–6,75) 91 677 77 6,7 3,66–12,51, 3661251 3,66–12,51 66 12 51 3,66–12,51) 15 36,72 3672 36 72 8,22–164,03. 82216403 8,22–164,03 22 164 03 8,22–164,03) agressão agressor janeiro201 201 janeiro/20 dezembro202 202 dezembro/202 00 0.0 26,4 (26,4% (15 54,7 24 (24 96,0 31,5 (31,5% 1,9 (1,9% 2,4 14 1, 42 4,2 2,0 20 11 37 3,7 2,6 10467 1,04–6,7 67 6, 366125 3,66–12,5 36,7 367 8221640 8,22–164,0 janeiro20 janeiro/2 dezembro20 dezembro/20 0. 26, (26,4 (1 54, (2 96, 31, (31,5 (1,9 2, 4, 3, 1046 1,04–6, 36612 3,66–12, 36, 822164 8,22–164, janeiro2 janeiro/ dezembro2 dezembro/2 (26, ( (31, (1, 104 1,04–6 3661 3,66–12 82216 8,22–164 dezembro/ (26 (31 10 1,04– 366 3,66–1 8221 8,22–16 (3 1,04 3,66– 822 8,22–1 1,0 3,66 8,22– 3,6 8,22 8,2 8,

O assédio sexual (AS) envolve insinuações, ameaças, intimidações, contatos físicos e chantagens associadas às relações patriarcais e de poder. O presente artigo objetivou analisar os relatos de universitárias que sofreram AS; suas configurações; ações individuais e coletivas; e os relatos sobre a saúde. Trata-se de uma etnografia virtual com análise temática de conteúdo de 24 depoimentos de brasileiras no Facebook, na página #MeuProfessorAbusador. Essa violência perpetrada por professores se configura por toques e elogios indesejáveis, olhares sugestivos, “beijos acidentais”, comentários sexistas, piadas sexualizadas e convites persistentes. Elas relatam se sentir ameaçadas e silenciadas nos espaços educativos, com o desejo de desistir dos cursos, autoculpabilizam-se e sofrem com o assédio moral; discriminações raciais e de gênero; e adoecimentos físicos e mentais. As experiências de AS indicam a necessidade de programas de enfrentamento institucional para a proteção dos direitos das mulheres.

Sexual harassment (SH) includes sexual insinuations, threats, intimidation, physical contact and blackmail associated with patriarchy and power relations. This study analyzed accounts of female university students who experienced SH, focusing on the main characteristics of this type of abuse, individual and collective actions, and health aspects. We conducted a virtual ethnography involving the thematic analysis of the content of 24 accounts of Brazilian women on the Facebook page #MeuProfessorAbusador. The violence perpetrated by teachers consisted of touching and unwanted compliments, suggestive looks, “accidental” kisses, sexist comments, sexual joking and persistent invitations. The women reported feeling threatened and silenced in educational spaces, feeling like giving up the course, and self-blame, and suffered from moral harassment, racial and gender discrimination, and physical and mental illness. The experiences of SH indicate the need for institutional programs to tackle this problem and protect women’s rights.

El acoso sexual (AS) envuelve insinuaciones, amenazas, intimidaciones, contactos físicos y chantajes asociados a las relaciones patriarcales y de poder. Análisis de los relatos de universitarias que sufrieron AS, sus configuraciones, las acciones individuales y colectivas y los relatos sobre la salud. Etnografía virtual con análisis temático de contenido de 24 declaraciones de brasileñas en Facebook, en la página #MeuProfessorAbusador. Esa violencia realizada por profesores se configura por los toqueteos y elogios no deseados, miradas sugerentes, “besos accidentales”, comentarios sexistas, chistes relacionados al sexo e invitaciones persistentes. Ellas relatan que se sienten amenazadas y silenciadas en los espacios educativos, con el deseo de desistir de los cursos, se autoculpan y sufren con el acoso moral, discriminaciones raciales y de género y enfermedades físicas y mentales. Las experiencias de AS muestran la necesidad de programas de enfrentamiento institucional para la protección de los derechos de las mujeres.

Abstract The objective of this article was to verify the association between domestic violence and obesity and malnutrition in elderly people in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Cross-sectional study evaluated in the EpiFloripa Elderly cohort in 2013/2014. The outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity (increased WC). Violence against elderly people was measured using the HawlekSengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) instrument, and IPV using the Conflict Tatics Scales Form R (CTS-1) instrument. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used. It was observed that men had a greater chance of abdominal obesity when in situations of violence and in the potential abuse dimension. Women were more likely to have abdominal obesity in the dimension of violation of personal rights or abuse, when they suffered IPV and when they were perpetrators of IPV. In relation to BMI, elderly women in situations of violence were associated with a greater chance of being overweight and those who suffered IPV. On the other hand, men in vulnerable situations were more likely to be underweight. It is concluded that violence against elderly people and IPV generate an asymmetric impact on nutritional status in relation to sex.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a associação entre a violência doméstica com a obesidade e a desnutrição em pessoas idosas de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Estudo transversal avaliados na coorte EpiFloripa Idoso em 2013/2014. Os desfechos foram o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a obesidade abdominal (CC aumentada). A violência contra pessoa idosa foi mensurada através do instrumento HawlekSengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST), e a VPI por meio do instrumento Conflict Tatics Scales Form R (CTS-1). Utilizou-se modelos de regressão logística e regressão logística multinomial. Observou-se que os homens apresentaram maior chance de obesidade abdominal quando em situação de violência. Já as mulheres apresentaram maior chance de obesidade abdominal em situação de abuso direto quando sofreram violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) e quando foram perpetradoras desta violência. Em relação ao IMC, as mulheres idosas em situação de violência e que sofreram VPI foram associadas às maiores chances de sobrepeso. Em contrapartida, os homens em situação de vulnerabilidade demonstraram maior chance de baixo peso. Conclui-se que a violência contra pessoa idosa e a VPI geram impacto assimétrico sobre o estado nutricional em relação ao sexo.

There is an increase in child sexual abuse among young learners in Zimbabwe (Mahoso, 2020), therefore, there is an urgent need for comprehensive sexuality education to be implemented. This study aimed to establish the views of parents on teaching comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) to young children in primary schools. Most schools in Zimbabwe are avoiding teaching topics on CSE. This resulted in young learners being deprived of age appropriate CSE knowledge and their rights and responsibilities informed by the ecological theoretical framework. A qualitative approach within the interpretivist paradigm was applied with a case study design. Data were gathered using a semi-structured interview schedule. Purposive sampling was used to select 10 parents. The study revealed that parents' cultural and religious beliefs impacted their views. Parents believed that sexuality education content is taboo and against their norms and values. They indicated that CSE content would encourage sexual activities among children. The study recommended continuous education on the importance of CSE and intensive advocacy campaigns to be initiated by all stakeholders. Parents should become involved in the development of a CSE curriculum framework for primary schools. Parents and teachers should work together to support the teaching of CSE to children.

Abstract The objective of this article was to verify the association between domestic violence and obesity and malnutrition in elderly people in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Cross-sectional study evaluated in the EpiFloripa Elderly cohort in 2013/2014. The outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity (increased WC). Violence against elderly people was measured using the HawlekSengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) instrument, and IPV using the Conflict Tatics Scales Form R (CTS-1) instrument. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used. It was observed that men had a greater chance of abdominal obesity when in situations of violence and in the potential abuse dimension. Women were more likely to have abdominal obesity in the dimension of violation of personal rights or abuse, when they suffered IPV and when they were perpetrators of IPV. In relation to BMI, elderly women in situations of violence were associated with a greater chance of being overweight and those who suffered IPV. On the other hand, men in vulnerable situations were more likely to be underweight. It is concluded that violence against elderly people and IPV generate an asymmetric impact on nutritional status in relation to sex. Florianópolis Catarina Brazil Crosssectional Cross sectional 20132014 2013 2014 2013/2014 BMI (BMI increased WC. WC . WC) HS/EAST HSEAST H S/EAST S EAST (H-S/EAST instrument CTS1 CTS 1 (CTS-1 used hand underweight sex 2013201 201 2013/201 HS SEAST (CTS- 201320 20 2013/20 (CTS 20132 2 2013/2 2013/

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar a associação entre a violência doméstica com a obesidade e a desnutrição em pessoas idosas de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Estudo transversal avaliados na coorte EpiFloripa Idoso em 2013/2014. Os desfechos foram o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a obesidade abdominal (CC aumentada). A violência contra pessoa idosa foi mensurada através do instrumento HawlekSengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST), e a VPI por meio do instrumento Conflict Tatics Scales Form R (CTS-1). Utilizou-se modelos de regressão logística e regressão logística multinomial. Observou-se que os homens apresentaram maior chance de obesidade abdominal quando em situação de violência. Já as mulheres apresentaram maior chance de obesidade abdominal em situação de abuso direto quando sofreram violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) e quando foram perpetradoras desta violência. Em relação ao IMC, as mulheres idosas em situação de violência e que sofreram VPI foram associadas às maiores chances de sobrepeso. Em contrapartida, os homens em situação de vulnerabilidade demonstraram maior chance de baixo peso. Conclui-se que a violência contra pessoa idosa e a VPI geram impacto assimétrico sobre o estado nutricional em relação ao sexo. Florianópolis Catarina Brasil 20132014 2013 2014 2013/2014 IMC (IMC CC aumentada. aumentada . aumentada) HS/EAST, HSEAST H S/EAST , S EAST (H-S/EAST) CTS1. CTS1 CTS 1 (CTS-1) Utilizouse Utilizou se multinomial Observouse Observou (VPI sobrepeso contrapartida peso Concluise Conclui sexo 2013201 201 2013/201 HS HS/EAST SEAST (H-S/EAST (CTS-1 201320 20 2013/20 (CTS- 20132 2 2013/2 (CTS 2013/

BACKGROUND: Individuals with communication disabilities encounter obstacles in attaining equal access to justice compared to others. Despite experiencing widespread violence and abuse, they come across as challenges in seeking remedies through the legal system. One barrier is the lack of awareness among legal practitioners regarding suitable accommodations that would facilitate effective participation in court for individuals with communication disabilities. OBJECTIVES: This study explores the awareness of final-year law students concerning court accommodations available for individuals with communication disabilities, allowing them to testify in a South African court. The findings can serve as inspiration for expanding the current curriculum for law students. METHOD: This qualitative study used a modified six-step nominal group technique whereby participants (six law students identified through snowball sampling) generated, discussed and reached a consensus on accommodations needed by individuals with communication disabilities, enabling them to provide testimony in court. Data were analysed using thematic analysis principles). RESULTS: The study found that although participants had not received any instruction on disability rights, access to justice or court accommodations during their legal training at the undergraduate level, they were able to perceive and learn about four main types of court accommodations for persons with communication disabilities to enable their testimony. CONCLUSION: Final-year law students are aware of court accommodations despite not having received formal instruction in disability law. CONTRIBUTION: The inclusion of disability rights and court accommodations is recommended at the undergraduate level to ensure that when in practice, lawyers have knowledge on ensuring access to justice for persons with communication disabilities.

BACKGROUND: The Nigerian mental health law titled the Lunacy Act of 1958 has been under scrutiny for violating the human rights of people with mental illness. The call to reform the obsolete Lunacy Act has garnered attention from the government, as the law has been unamended for over 60 years AIM: This study presents the challenges and implications of the new mental health law to the mental health services of Nigeria METHODS: ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to find pertinent material. The implications and difficulties facing the new mental health law examined from the literature were discussed. Recommendations were made following an exploratory search for literature on mental health legislation in Nigeria RESULTS: The new Law in Section 5(6) saw the introduction of mental health services in primary and secondary healthcare. It also addresses critical issues such as non-discrimination, fundamental human rights, standards of treatment, access to information, confidentiality and autonomy, and the employment rights of persons with mental health and substance abuse-related disorders. The Law failed to include mental health services in the country's health insurance system CONCLUSION: There is a need for legislation to meet people's mental health needs and encourage them to seek treatments, such as regulations that protect against discrimination and harsh treatment of people with mental illness CONTRIBUTION: Nigerian mental health services would benefit from the new mental health law if the key issues raised in this review are addressed

Resumen En las sociedades capitalistas actuales, movimientos como Black Lives Matter, #MeToo surgen como fuerzas que buscan desafiar las estructuras de poder, promoviendo el cambio social. Estos movimientos impactan la política, economía y cultura, planteando preguntas sobre las posibilidades y limitaciones de la acción colectiva en un entorno dominado por la lógica del mercado. Aunque luchan por los derechos y el bienestar de grupos marginados, algunos argumentan que no exigen un cambio sistémico en el modelo económico predominante y que, en ciertos casos, pueden adaptarse a la lógica capitalista en lugar de oponerse a ella. Este artículo analiza cómo estos movimientos desafían o refuerzan las estructuras de poder capitalistas mediante un análisis filosófico de sus dinámicas, desafíos y oportunidades en el marco del capitalismo. Se argumenta que, aunque estos movimientos han generado conciencia sobre problemas específicos, como la discriminación racial y el acoso y abuso sexual, pueden verse limitados en su capacidad para generar un cambio sistémico y desafiar la lógica capitalista que perpetúa las desigualdades. El capitalismo tiende a reproducir y reforzar las normas y estructuras de poder dominantes, lo que puede conducir a enfoques más limitados y superficiales en la lucha por la igualdad y la justicia.

Abstract In today’s capitalist societies, movements such as Black Lives Matter, #MeToo emerge as forces that seek to challenge power structures, promoting social change. These movements impact politics, economics, and culture, raising questions about the possibilities and limitations of collective action in an environment dominated by the logic of the market. Although they fight for the rights and welfare of marginalized groups, some argue that they do not demand a systemic change in the prevailing economic model and that in certain circumstances they may adapt to capitalist logic rather than opposing it. This article analyzes how these movements either challenge or reinforce capitalist power structures through a philosophical analysis of their dynamics, challenges, and opportunities within the framework of capitalism. It is argued that while these movements have raised awareness of specific issues, such as racial discrimination and sexual harassment and abuse, they can be limited in their ability to generate systemic change and challenge the capitalist logic that perpetuates inequalities. Capitalism tends to reproduce and reinforce dominant rules and power structures, which can lead to more limited and superficial approaches to the fight for equality and justice.

Resumo A população em situação de rua cresce constantemente, sendo composta por uma grande diversidade de pessoas que estão diariamente expostas às diversas formas de violência, são privadas de direitos fundamentais, não possuem privacidade, têm condições precárias de sono, alimentação e higiene, a maioria faz uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas. Objetivo: Interpretar como é desenvolvido o cuidado ofertado à população em situação de rua frente ao uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado no período de outubro de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022, a partir de 20 entrevistas com profissionais de diferentes serviços da rede de atenção à saúde e de assistência e desenvolvimento social de um interior paulista, por meio da análise temática, utilizando-se da ferramenta NVivo. Resultados: foram identificados os temas: a situação de viver na rua favorece o uso de álcool e outras drogas; incipiente efetivação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS); incipiente efetivação da Política de Redução de Danos e Influência do terceiro setor no cuidado à PSR. Considerações Finais: Evidenciam-se limites para a promoção do cuidado na perspectiva da atenção psicossocial, sendo que para avançar é necessário dar voz e considerar as especificidades da PSR, compreender suas concepções do processo de saúde-doença e suas trajetórias.

Abstract The Homeless people is constantly growing, being made up of a wide range of people who are daily exposed to different forms of violence, are deprived of fundamental rights, lack privacy, have precarious conditions of sleep, food and hygiene. Objective: To understand/interpret how the care offered to the homeless population is developed in relation to the abusive use of alcohol and other drugs. Method: qualitative study, carried out from October 2021 to February 2022, based on 20 interviews with professionals from different services in the health care and assistance and social development network in an interior of São Paulo, through thematic analysis, using the NVivo tool. Results: the themes were identified: the situation of living on the street favors the use of alcohol and other drugs; care proposals centered on abstinence; hospitalization and medicalization weaken the continuity of care; incipient implementation of the Policy of Harm Reduction and Influence of the third sector in the care of PSR. Conclusions: Limits are evident for the promotion of care from the perspective of psychosocial care, and to advance it is necessary to give voice and consider the specificities of HP, understand its conceptions of the health-disease process and its trajectories.

Abstract This study examines whether internal investigations conducted as a result of cooperation between the company and prosecutors may conflict with the rights of individuals in criminal proceedings. It demonstrates how the post-Enron era emphasized the importance of internal investigations as a component of corporate criminal compliance systems worldwide, leading to more frequent cooperation between companies and prosecutors in launching internal investigations. The purpose of this publication is to show that they have led to abuse against individuals, who, because internal investigations are private and largely unregulated, do not have the same guarantees as in criminal proceedings. This article aims to critically evaluate the regulations that have been introduced in this area and to demonstrate the need for legislative changes in the countries which allow such cooperation but have not considered the risks that arise from the nature of internal investigations. proceedings postEnron post Enron worldwide who unregulated

Resumo Este estudo analisa se as investigações internas realizadas como resultado da cooperação entre a empresa e o Ministério Público podem conflitar com os direitos dos indivíduos no processo penal. Demonstra-se como a era pós-Enron enfatizou a importância das investigações internas como um componente dos sistemas corporativos de compliance criminal em todo o mundo, levando a uma cooperação mais frequente entre empresas e promotores na realização de investigações internas. O objetivo deste artigo é demostrar que isso ocasionou abusos contra indivíduos, que, por serem investigações internas privadas e em grande parte não regulamentadas, não têm as mesmas garantias que em processos criminais. Este artigo visa a avaliar criticamente as regulamentações que foram introduzidas nesta área e demonstrar a necessidade de mudanças legislativas nos países que permitem essa cooperação, mas não consideraram os riscos decorrentes da natureza das investigações internas. penal Demonstrase Demonstra pósEnron pós Enron mundo regulamentadas criminais

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia por COVID-19 incidió en los ritmos y frecuencias de consumo de sustancias, así como en su abordaje. El objetivo fue analizar las modificaciones en el consumo de sustancias y en los dispositivos de abordaje territorial respecto a la demanda de atención, y las limitaciones y oportunidades para dar respuesta en contexto de crisis sociosanitaria. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa a través de 10 entrevistas a trabajadores/as que se desempeñaban en dispositivos territoriales del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. El relevamiento de los datos secundarios fue realizado a través de buscadores de la web en sitios oficiales. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron variaciones en el consumo de sustancias y las frecuencias. Se incrementaron las situaciones de vulnerabilidad psicosocial de la población. Las consultas relacionadas con acceso a derechos fueron las más frecuentes. La modalidad remota y el uso de herramientas digitales permitieron continuar con ciertas intervenciones, pero al mismo tiempo tuvieron limitaciones (como sobrecarga de trabajo). Las estrategias implementadas para facilitar la accesibilidad fueron variables. Los equipos refirieron una compleja adaptación a las nuevas modalidades y dinámicas de atención, asistencia y acompañamiento. DISCUSIÓN: La pandemia ha demostrado el rol invaluable de los dispositivos de abordaje territorial. Resulta imperioso acrecentar y fortalecer la red con recursos humanos y materiales acordes.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic affected both rhythms and frequencies of substance use as well as its approach. The aim was to analyze the changes in substance use and in territorial community centers related to health care demand, along with limitations and opportunities to provide solutions in the context of a social and health crisis. METHODS: A qualitative research was conducted through 10 interviews to employees working in territorial community centers in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. The secondary data were collected through web search engines in official sites. RESULTS: Variations in substance use and frequencies have been identified. There was a higher psychosocial vulnerability among the population. Inquiries related to access to rights were the most frequent ones. The remote modality and the use of digital tools allowed some interventions to continue, but at the same time they had limitations (such as work overload). The strategies implemented to facilitate accessibility varied. Teams reported a complex adaptation to new modalities and dynamics of care, assistance and support. DISCUSSION: The pandemic has shown the invaluable role played by territorial community centers. It is of utmost importance to provide human resources and necessary materials to extend and strengthen the network of territorial community centers.