BACKGROUND: Collaboration between traditional health practitioners (THPs) and biomedical health practitioners (BHPs) is highly recommended in catering for pluralistic healthcare users. Little is known about bidirectional collaborations at healthcare service provision level. AIM: To map global evidence on collaboration attempts between THPs and BHPs between January 1978 and August 2023 METHOD: We followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework in conducting this scoping review. Two reviewers independently screened articles for eligibility. A descriptive numerical and content analysis was performed on ATLAS.ti 22. A narrative summary of the findings was reported using the PRISMAScR guideline. RESULTS: Of the 8404 screened studies, 10 studies from 12 articles were included in the final review. Studies came from America (n = 5), Africa (n = 2), China (n = 2) and New Zealand (n = 1). Eight studies reported case studies of bidirectional collaboration programmes, while two studies reported on experimental research. All collaborations occurred within biomedical healthcare facilities. Collaboration often entailed activities such as relationship building, training of all practitioners, coordinated meetings, cross-referrals, treatment plan discussions and joint health promotion activities. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that practitioner-level collaborations within healthcare are few and sparse. More work is needed to move policy on integration of the two systems into implementation. There is a need to conduct more research and document emerging collaborations. CONTRIBUTION: This research illuminates the contextual challenges associated with sustaining collaborations. The data would be important in informing areas that need strengthening in the work towards integration of THPs and BHPs.

Resumen Los accidentes provocados por arañas del género Loxosceles son importantes en Medicina Veterinaria por la gravedad de la lesión que ocasionan y las posibles complicaciones sistémicas que pueden llevar a la muerte del animal. Sin embargo, existen pocos registros epidemiológicos. Por ello surge la necesidad de difundir los conocimientos básicos para pensar en loxoscelismo ante un cuadro compatible, y para realizar un diagnóstico temprano a partir de los datos clínicos y la anamnesis, con la identificación del animal causante del accidente cuando fuese posible. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la evolución de las lesiones probablemente causadas por envene- namiento de Loxosceles sp. en un canino hembra, raza Fox Terrier, de 6 años, 7 kg, atendida en el servicio de Guardia del Hospital Escuela de Animales Pequeños de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNLPam. Se observaron lesiones en la conjuntiva ocular izquierda, con sangra- do evidente, labio superior del mismo lado con franca edematización y hematoma también con sangrado; edema y hematomas en miembros posteriores en la región poplítea y del muslo. Los resultados de laboratorio evidenciaron signos de anemia hemolítica y coagulopatía. El animal fue tratado con antiveneno específico, transfusión de sangre entera fresca, corticoides y antibióticos. Por los datos clínicos y las evidencias de la presencia de Loxosceles sp. en el domicilio (ootecas y mudas), se conjetura que el envenenamiento canino sería un caso de loxoscelismo dermo-hemolítico, con evolución favorable del paciente al cabo de una semana a pesar de la gravedad del mismo. Palabras clave Loxosceles, canino, coagulopatía, envenenamiento, tratamiento

Abstract Accidents caused by Loxosceles spiders are important in Veterinary Medicine due to the severity of the injury they cause and the possible systemic complications that can lead to the animal’s death. However, there are few epidemiological records. This is why it is necessary to generate basic knowledge to consider loxoscelism as a possible condi- tion, to generate an early diagnosis from clinical data and anamnesis, with the identification of the animal that caused the accident when it is possible. The present study aims to describe the evolution of the lesions probably caused by Loxosceles sp. poisoning in a 6 year-old female canine, 7 kg, Fox Terrier breed, received at the Small Animal School Hospital of Veterinary Sciences Faculty, UNLPam. Lesions were observed on the left ocular conjunctiva, with evident bleeding, left upper lip with swelling and hematoma also with bleeding; edema and bruising of hind limbs in the popliteal and thigh regions. Laboratory studies showed hemolytic anemia and coagulopathy signs. The animal was treated with specific antivenom, fresh whole blood transfusion, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. Based on the clinical data and the evidence of the presence of Loxosceles sp. in the house (ootheca and molts), it is conjectured that this could be a case of dermo-hemolytic loxoscelism, with favorable evolution of the patient one week later, despite the severity of the case.

Resumo Os acidentes causados por aranhas do gênero Loxosceles são im- portantes na Medicina Veterinária pela gravidade das lesões que cau- sam e pelas possíveis complicações sistêmicas que podem levar à mor- te do animal. No entanto, existem poucos registros epidemiológicos. Por isso, surge a necessidade de disseminar os conhecimentos básicos para pensar em loxoscelismo diante de um quadro compatível e para realizar um diagnóstico precoce com base em dados clínicos e anam- nese, com a identificação do animal causador do acidente quando pos- sível. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a evolução das lesões provavelmente causadas por envenenamento por Loxosceles sp. em um canino fêmea da raça Fox Terrier, 6 anos, 7 kg, atendida no Serviço de Emergência do Hospital Escola de Pequenos Animais da Faculdade de Ciências Veterinárias da UNLPam. As lesões foram observadas na conjuntiva ocular esquerda, com sangramento eviden- te, lábio superior do mesmo lado com edema acentuado e hematoma também com sangramento; edema e hematomas dos membros poste- riores na região poplítea e da coxa. Os resultados laboratoriais mostra- ram sinais de anemia hemolítica e coagulopatia. O animal foi tratado com antiveneno específico, transfusão de sangue total fresco, corti- coides e antibióticos. Pelos dados clínicos e as evidências da presença de Loxosceles sp. no domicílio (ootecas e mudas), conjetura-se que o envenenamento canino seria um caso de loxoscelismo dermo-hemolí- tico, com evolução favorável do paciente após uma semana, apesar de sua gravidade.

Abstract Background: Excitotoxicity-induced in vivo injury models are vital to reflect the pathophysiological features of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. The duration and concentration of chemical treatment controls the extent of neuronal cell damage. The extent of injury is explained in relation to locomotor and behavioural activity. Several SCI in vivo methods have been reported and studied extensively, particularly contusion, compression, and transection models. These models depict similar pathophysiology to that in humans but are extremely expensive (contusion) and require expertise (compression). Chemical excitotoxicity-induced SCI models are simple and easy while producing similar clinical manifestations. The kainic acid (KA) excitotoxicity model is a convenient, low-cost, and highly reproducible animal model of SCI in the laboratory. The basic impactor approximately cost between 10,000 and 20,000 USD, while the kainic acid only cost between 300 and 500 USD, which is quite cheap as compared to traditional SCI method. Methods: In this study, 0.05 mM KA was administered at dose of 10 μL/100 g body weight, at a rate of 10 μL/min, to induce spinal injury by intra-spinal injection between the T12 and T13 thoracic vertebrae. In this protocol, detailed description of a dorsal laminectomy was explained to expose the spinal cord, following intra-spinal kainic acid administration at desired location. The dose, rate and technique to administer kainic acid were explained extensively to reflect a successful paraplegia and spinal cord injury in rats. The postoperative care and complication post injury of paraplegic laboratory animals were also explained, and necessary requirements to overcome these complications were also described to help researcher. Results: This injury model produced impaired hind limb locomotor function with mild seizure. Hence this protocol will help researchers to induce spinal cord injury in laboratories at extremely low cost and also will help to determine the necessary supplies, methods for producing SCI in rats and treatments designed to mitigate post-injury impairment. Conclusions: Kainic acid intra-spinal injection at the concentration of 0.05 mM, and rate 10 μL/min, is an effective method create spinal injury in rats, however more potent concentrations of kainic acid need to be studied in order to create severe spinal injuries.

RESUMO A berinjela é uma cultura hortícola muito valorizada, cultivada em todo o globo e de grande importância econômica na Ásia. No entanto, sua produção está ameaçada por várias doenças foliares ou transmitidas pelo solo, pragas, seca, calor e danos causados por geada. Portanto, esforços são importantes para transferir genes de resistência para a berinjela, provenientes de seus parentes selvagens. No presente estudo, foi realizada hibridização interespecífica e intraespecífica, que incluiu três genótipos cultivados de berinjela (Solanum melongena MEE, Solanum melongena MEP, Solanum melongena MEB) e uma espécie selvagem de Solanum (Solanum incanum INC). Os híbridos F1 foram produzidos por hibridização inter e intraespecífica. Um total de 632 cruzamentos recíprocos inter e intraespecíficos possíveis foram realizados, onde apenas três tiveram sucesso. Os dias mínimos para o florescimento foram observados na MEP parental, e a altura máxima da planta foi medida em MEE×MEB. O comprimento máximo do fruto foi observado na MEB parental. Além disso, o diâmetro do fruto, a largura da folha, o comprimento da folha e a produção de frutos por planta foram encontrados máximos no híbrido MEExINC. Nossos resultados sugerem que esses materiais serão de grande interesse para o melhoramento genético da berinjela; eles podem ter enorme potencial para aumentar a tolerância aos estresses abióticos, como seca e calor, bem como aumentar os valores nutricionais. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo serão úteis para a saúde humana, em última análise, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de uma nova geração de plantas adaptadas ao clima.

ABSTRACT The eggplant is a highly valuable horticultural crop grown all over the world and it is of substantial economic importance in Asia. However, its production is severely threatened by several soil-borne and foliar diseases, insect-pests, drought, heat, and frost damage. Therefore, efforts to transfer useful resistance genes into eggplant from their wild relatives is important. In the present study, interspecific and intraspecific hybridization was carried out, that included three cultivated genotypes of eggplant (Solanum melongena MEE, Solanum melongena MEP, Solanum melongena MEB) and one wild Solanum species (Solanum incanum INC). The F1 hybrids were made by inter and intraspecific hybridization. A total of 632 possible inter and intraspecific reciprocal crosses was performed where only three were successful. The minimum days to flowering were observed in parent MEP, and maximum plant height was measured in MEE×MEB. Maximum fruit length was observed in parent MEB. Furthermore, fruit diameter, leaf width, leaf length, and fruit yield per plant were found maximum in hybrid MEExINC. Our results suggest that these materials will be of great interest for the genetic improvement of eggplant; they may have a tremendous potential to increase tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as to drought and heat, as well as increased nutrient and herbal values. Findings of this study will be helpful for the human health, ultimately contributing to the development of a new generation of plants adapted to climate.

The emergence of new virulent and drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has forced researchers to focus on the worldwide geographical distribution of the genetics variants of this pathogen. Mycobacterium bovis, a close related pathogen, contributes with human tuberculosis and therefore, it is particularly important in countries with significant bovine tuberculosis prevalence. Spoligotyping is currently one of the most widely used strategies for genotyping members of the M. tuberculosis complex. In this work, of a total of 41 isolates, 25 were from different patients from the Xth Region from Chile. These isolates formed 15 clusters of spoligotypes. Twenty four percent of the spoligotypes corresponded to the worldwide distributed spoligotype 53 (SpolDB4). A significant number of spoligotypes were identical to profiles found in Brazil followed by Argentina and Spain. Although the patients where from rural areas, no cases of zoonosis were observed. To establish the geographical distribution, persistence and routes of dissemination of the pathogen, a greater number of epidemiologicaly relevant isolates are being analyzed using the MIRUs-VNTRs

La aparición de nuevas cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis de mayor virulencia y que presentan resistencia a los fármacos antituberculosos ha orientado la investigación al registro de la distribución geográfica mundial de las distintas variantes genéticas del patógeno. Mycobacterium bovis, un patógeno estrechamente relacionado, contribuye con la tuberculosis en humanos y por tanto, es de importancia en países que presentan alta prevalencia de tuberculosis animal. El análisis de espoligotipos es actualmente la estrategia más utilizada para tipificar genéticamente los miembros del complejo M. tuberculosis. En este trabajo, 25 aislados de un total de 41, provenientes de distintos pacientes de la Xª Región de Chile, formaron 15 grupos de espoligotipos. Un 24% correspondió al espoligotipo 53, de amplia distribución mundial. Un número importante de perfiles fueron idénticos a los encontrados en Brasil, seguido de Argentina y España. Aunque los pacientes eran de zonas rurales, no se detectó casos de zoonosis. Para establecer en forma más precisa el número y tipo de variantes genéticas presentes en nuestro país, nuestro laboratorio ha iniciado el análisis de un mayor número de cepas caracterizadas epidemiológicamente con técnicas más sensibles como MIRUS-VNTR