SUMMARY: A severe form of the inflammatory disease, acute pancreatitis, can induce multiple organ failure, leading to a high mortality rate. Little is known about the negative interaction between AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the nitrosative stress biomarker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as the apoptosis biomarker tumour suppressor p53 in pathological conditions. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that acute pancreatitis can cause the pancreatic AMPK-iNOS-p53 axis to become dysregulated, and the inducer of AMPK, the hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant drug metformin, can ameliorate the disease. In this study, acute pancreatitis was induced in rats using two injections of L-arginine (2.5 gm/kg) and culled after two days. The second group (protective group) was pretreated for two weeks with 50 mg/kg metformin prior to the induction of acute pancreatitis and kept on metformin until sacrificed with other groups. Pancreatic injuries developed in the model group (L-arginine) demonstrated by a substantial increase in iNOS and p53 immunostaining, as well as biomarkers of pancreatic injury, and AMPK inhibition. All these investigated signaling molecules were significantly (p<0.001) modulated by metformin. In addition, a significant correlation was detected between iNOS and AMPK, p53, as well as biomarkers of acute pancreatitis (amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, and myeloperoxidase). Thus, these findings demonstrate an association between acute pancreatitis and the modulation of the pancreatic AMPK-iNOS-p53 axis while being protected by metformin.

RESUMEN: Una grave forma de enfermedad inflamatoria, la pancreatitis aguda, puede inducir insuficiencia orgánica múltiple lo que conduce a una alta tasa de mortalidad. Existe poca información de la interacción negativa entre la proteína quinasa activada por AMP (AMPK) y el biomarcador de estrés nitrosativo óxido nítrico sintasa inducible (iNOS), así como el biomarcador de apoptosis supresor de tumores p53 en condiciones patológicas. Por lo tanto, probamos la hipótesis de que la pancreatitis aguda puede causar que el eje pancreático AMPK-iNOS-p53 se desregule, y el inductor de AMPK, el fármaco hipoglucemiante, antiinflamatorio y antioxidante metformina puede mejorar la enfermedad. En este estudio, se indujo pancreatitis aguda en ratas usando dos inyecciones de L-arginina (2,5 g/kg); las ratas fueron sacrificadas después de dos días. El segundo grupo (grupo protector) fue tratado previamente durante dos semanas con 50 mg/kg de metformina antes de la inducción de pancreatitis aguda y se mantuvo con metformina hasta que se sacrificaron con otros grupos. Las lesiones pancreáticas desarrolladas en el grupo modelo (L- arginina) se demostraron por un aumento sustancial en la inmunotinción de iNOS y p53, así como en los biomarcadores de lesión pancreática y la inhibición de AMPK. Todas estas moléculas de señalización investigadas fueron moduladas significativamente (p<0,001) por la metformina. Además, se detectó una correlación significativa entre iNOS y AMPK, p53, así como biomarcadores de pancreatitis aguda (amilasa, lactato deshidrogenasa y mieloperoxidasa). Por lo tanto, estos hallazgos demuestran una asociación entre la pancreatitis aguda y la modulación del eje pancreático AMPK-iNOS-p53 mientras está protegido por metformina.

INTRODUCTION: General dentists are often reluctant to perform interceptive orthodontic treatment (IOT) in their practices. As IOT can be of great benefit to some patients, the study aimed to explore the factors that influence the implementation of such treatment. METHODOLOGY: A sample of 24 general dental practitioners was selected. One-on-one interviews, guided by two questionnaires, were conducted with each of the participants at either their place of work or in a public location. They answered structured questions regarding the treatment plans for five paper patient scenarios to test their knowledge on interceptive orthodontics (IO). The knowledge scores were assessed according to whether the participants were in private or public practice and on a socioeconomic scale according to where they practiced. A second questionnaire focused on the patient confidence levels with respect to performing IOT as well as other practical issues that have a bearing on IOT. RESULTS: All the participants in the study achieved a knowledge score over 70% with no statistically significant differences found between the private and public sectors. However, when compared according to the different socioeconomic areas, the practitioners from the middle-income socioeconomic area displayed a lower knowledge score that was statistically significant (p=0.029). This group also performed significantly (p=0.001) poorer than the other groups when "treating" Case 1. Seventy-five percent of the participants were very confident regarding their IO diagnosis and treatment planning. However, this confidence was tempered by their confidence (42%) in their undergraduate orthodontic programme. All the participants acknowledged the importance of timeous IOT, yet only 79% stated that they would have treated the "patients" in their own practices. Factors affecting the non-delivery of IOT in practice showed that 50% of the dentists expressed no interest in orthodontics, 54% mentioned medical aid remuneration as a negative factor and 58% did not have the practice infrastructure to be able to perform IOT. CONCLUSION: The lack of interest compounded by the practical challenges of finances, practice infrastructure and lack of patient motivation and compliance are the real issues, with patients often being considered for treatment when it is too late for IOT. Factors influencing dental practitioners' decision to perform interceptive orthodontic treatment in public and private practice settings in the Tshwane metropole, South Africa.

ORIENTATION: Spiritual leadership has been proposed as an alternative to lead a generation where personal values and beliefs are central to employee contentment and organisational success. RESEARCH PURPOSE: To critically analyse organisational spiritual leadership (SpL) from an African Management Philosophies (AMP) perspective and whether these are secular or non-secular. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Knowledge would be drawn from two bodies of scholarly literature, namely SpL and AMP. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: Literature will be systematically reviewed, focusing on three aspects of the body on knowledge, namely concepts, definitions and typologies (elements). MAIN FINDINGS: The concept of SpL seems empirically much more operationalised than AMP. Central to organisational spiritual leadership are the leader's values, attitudes and behaviours that intrinsically motivate followers to have a sense of spiritual survival through membership and calling, while AMP emphasise traditionalism, communalism, co-operative teamwork and mythologies. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The research seeks to highlight the existing gaps in literature of a contextualised African measure of SpL. CONTRIBUTION OR VALUE ADD: A secular and non-secular approach to spirituality emerges, which looks at AMP as emboldened by Ubuntu ideality that is contrary to extant literature on organisational spiritual leadership.

Resumo Antecedentes Postura motora anormal (AMP), exibindo-se como decorticada, descerebrada ou opistótono, é regularmente observada entre crianças e adultos. Objetivo Esta revisão sistemática e metanálise examinou os fatores de risco e os resultados da postura entre indivíduos com lesões graves na cabeça e no cérebro. Métodos Com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e usando termos MeSH: artigos sobre "postura descerebrada", "postura opistótona", "lesão cerebral" e/ou "lesão cerebral" foram pesquisados nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais, séries de casos e relatos de casos. Resultados Um total de 1.953 estudos foram recuperados inicialmente e, com base nos critérios de seleção, 20 estudos foram finalmente selecionados para revisão e analisados para metanálise com base na mortalidade entre os hematomas. Os resultados funcionais deste estudo são os fatores de risco, taxa de mortalidade e Escala de Resultados de Glasgow. Os pacientes descerebrados foram maiores entre os estudos relacionados a cirurgias de traumatismo cranioencefálico. Os homens foram tratados principalmente para posturas descerebradas em comparação com as mulheres. Hematoma extradural e hematoma subdural agudo com contusão cerebral foram bastante comuns nas lesões de massa cirúrgica. Conclusão Os achados relataram que os tipos de lesões, os procedimentos operatórios e a idade dos pacientes descerebrados com lesões cerebrais são os fatores prognósticos significativos que determinam os resultados de sobrevivência. AMP, AMP , (AMP) exibindose exibindo se decorticada opistótono adultos cérebro MeSH descerebrada, descerebrada" opistótona, opistótona opistótona" lesão eou Scopus PubMed Scholar observacionais 1953 1 953 1.95 seleção 2 hematomas Glasgow cranioencefálico mulheres cirúrgica sobrevivência (AMP 195 95 1.9 19 9 1.

Abstract Background Abnormal motor posturing (AMP), exhibiting as decorticate, decerebrate, or opisthotonos, is regularly noticed among children and adults. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the risk factors and outcome of posturing among severe head and brain injury subjects. Methods Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and using MeSH terms: "decerebrate posturing", "opisthotonic posturing", "brain injury", and/or "cerebral injury" articles were searched on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and google scholar databases. Observational studies, case series, and case reports were included. Results A total of 1953 studies were retrieved initially, and based on the selection criteria, 20 studies were finally selected for review and were analyzed for meta-analysis based on the mortality between the hematomas. The functional outcomes of this study are the risk factors, mortality rate and Glasgow Outcome Scale. Decerebrative patients were higher among the studies related to head injury surgeries. Males were mainly treated for decerebrate postures compared with the female subjects. Extradural hematoma and acute subdural hematoma with cerebral contusion were quite common in the surgical mass lesions. Conclusion The findings reported that the lesion types, the operative procedures, and the age of the decerebrating patients with brain injuries are the significant prognostic factors determining the survival outcomes. AMP, AMP , (AMP) decorticate opisthotonos adults metaanalysis meta analysis subjects terms posturing, posturing" opisthotonic injury, andor Scopus PubMed Direct databases series included 195 initially 2 hematomas Scale surgeries lesions types procedures (AMP 19 1

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains the leading cause of mortality by a single infectious agent in the world. M. tuberculosis infection could also result in clinical chronic infection, known as latent TB infection (LTBI). Compared to the current limited treatment, several subunit vaccines showed immunotherapeutic effects and were included in clinical trials. In this study, a subunit vaccine of Ag85B with a novel mucosal adjuvant c-di-AMP (Ag85B:c-di-AMP) was delivered intranasally to a persistent M. tuberculosis H37Ra infection mouse model, which also presented the asymptomatic characteristics of LTBI. Compared with Ag85B immunization, Ag85B:c-di-AMP vaccination induced stronger humoral immune responses, significantly higher CD4+ T cells recruitment, enhanced Th1/Th2/Th17 profile response in the lung, decreased pathological lesions of the lung, and reduced M. tuberculosis load in mice. Taken together, Ag85B:c-di-AMP mucosal route immunization provided an immunotherapeutic effect on persistent M. tuberculosis H37Ra infection, and c-di-AMP, as a promising potential mucosal adjuvant, could be further used in therapeutic or prophylactic vaccine strategies for persistent M. tuberculosis infection as well as LTBI. TB, , (TB) world M LTBI . (LTBI) treatment trials study AgB Ag B cdiAMP c di AMP Ag85BcdiAMP AgBcdiAMP (Ag85B:c-di-AMP HRa H Ra model responses CD4 CD recruitment Th1Th2Th17 ThThTh Th1 Th2 Th17 Th Th1/Th2/Th1 lung mice together cdiAMP, AMP, (TB (LTBI BcdiAMP Th1Th2Th1 Th1/Th2/Th Th1Th2Th

Resumo Este estudo descreve e ilustra a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados associados a habitats de macroalgas pardas marinhas dos gêneros Sargassum e Dictyota no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, a maior Área Marinha Protegida (AMP) do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As assembleias foram amostradas durante os verões de 2018, 2019 e 2020 e no inverno de 2018 em dois locais na ilha principal. As macroalgas contendo a fauna associada foram coletadas a aproximadamente 10 metros de profundidade, com seis amostras em cada local e em cada campanha amostral. Frondes de Sargassum predominaram nas coletas de verão, enquanto estiveram ausentes nas campanhas de inverno, quando Dictyota foram predominantes. Entre os invertebrados, 32 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente nos meses de verão, associadas aos bancos de Sargassum, enquanto 12 espécies foram registradas apenas na coleta de inverno, em associação com Dictyota. No total, foram identificadas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 60 famílias, 19 ordens, 7 classes e 3 filos, incluindo Arthropoda (Malacostraca e Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia e Polyplacophora) e Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea e Echinoidea). Das 91 espécies encontradas, 73 espécies são novos registos para a área marinha do arquipélago de Alcatrazes, revelando assim a expressiva biodiversidade de invertebrados que vivem em associação com bancos de macroalgas naquela área ainda pouco explorada. Nenhuma diferença significativa de diversidade de espécies foi encontrada entre os dois locais de Alcatrazes. Além disso, foram encontrados poucos exemplares de duas espécies invasoras: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) e Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento de diferentes habitats dentro das AMPs para verificar possíveis alterações na fauna ao longo dos anos. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro inventário ilustrado da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados a algas marinhas no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, uma das maiores AMPs da costa brasileira; além de desvendar a sua notória biodiversidade, pode servir de referência para futuro monitoramento da diversidade costeira local. Alcatrazes AMP (AMP Paulo Brasil 201 202 principal 1 profundidade amostral verão predominantes total 9 6 famílias ordens filos Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) explorada disso invasoras (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) anos sabemos brasileira 20 2

Abstract This study describes and illustrates the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates associated to Sargassum and Dictyota seaweed habitats in the Alcatrazes archipelago, the largest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Assemblages were sampled during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and winter of 2018 at two sites on the main island. Macroalgae containing the associated fauna were collected at approximately 10 meters deep, with six samples at each site and in each sampling campaign. Sargassum fronds prevailed during summer collections, whilst were absent in the winter campaigns, when Dictyota was the most frequent seaweed. Among invertebrates, 32 species were exclusively found on summer months, associated to Sargassum beds, while 12 species were only registered on winter collection, in association with Dictyota. In total, 91 species were identified, belonging to 60 families, 19 orders, 7 classes and 3 phyla, including Arthropoda (Malacostraca and Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora), and Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea). Among the 91 species found, 73 species are new records for the Alcatrazes archipelago marine area, thus revealing the expressive invertebrate biodiversity living in association with macroalgae beds in that area, which has still been little explored. No significant difference in species diversity was found between the two sites of Alcatrazes. In addition, few specimens of two invasive species were found: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), which underscores the importance of monitoring different habitats within MPAs to check for possible changes in the fauna over the years. As far as our knowledge, this is the first illustrated inventory of the seaweed-associated macroinvertebrate fauna within the Alcatrazes Archipelago, one of the largest MPAs in the Brazilian coast; besides unravelling its notorious biodiversity, this can act as a reference for future monitoring of local coastal diversity. MPA (MPA Paulo Brazil 201 202 island 1 deep campaign collections campaigns invertebrates months collection total 9 identified 6 families orders phyla Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora, Polyplacophora Polyplacophora) Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) area explored addition (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) years knowledge seaweedassociated Archipelago coast 20 2

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a incompletude e a tendência da incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito, no Brasil, no período entre abril de 2020 e abril de 2022. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre a incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil, suas macrorregiões e Unidades Federativas (UF), pela regressão por joinpoint, cálculo da Monthly Percent Change (MPC) e Average Monthly Percent Change (AMPC), a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). RESULTADOS A incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil foi 25,85%, considerada ruim. Todas as regiões do país tiveram grau de incompletude ruim, exceto a Região Sul, considerada regular. No período analisado, a análise jointpoint revelou tendência de estabilidade na incompletude da variável raça/cor no Brasil (AMPC = 0,54; IC95% -0,64 a 1,74; p = 0,37) e nas regiões Sudeste (AMPC = -0,61; IC95% -3,36 a 2,22; p = 0,67) e Norte (AMPC = 3,74; IC95% -0,14 a 7,78; p = 0,06). As regiões Sul (AMPC = 5,49; IC95% 2,94 a 8,11; p = 0,00002) e Nordeste (AMPC = 2,50; IC95% 0,77 a 4,25;p = 0,005) apresentaram crescimento na tendência da incompletude, enquanto a Região Centro-Oeste (AMPC = -2,91; IC95% -5,26 a -0,51; p = 0,02) teve tendência de redução. CONCLUSÃO A proporção de preenchimento ruim e a tendência de estabilidade da incompletude revelam que não houve melhoria na qualidade de preenchimento da variável raça/cor durante o período da pandemia da covid-19 no Brasil, fato que pode ter ampliado as iniquidades em saúde para população negra e dificultado o planejamento de ações estratégias para essa população, considerando o contexto pandêmico. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a necessidade de fomentar a discussão sobre o tema, tendo em vista que a incompletude dos sistemas de informação em saúde amplia desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde e compromete a qualidade dos dados em saúde. raçacor raça cor covid19 covid 19 covid-1 202 2022 UF, UF , (UF) joinpoint MPC (MPC AMPC, AMPC (AMPC) SIH/SUS. SIHSUS SIH/SUS . SIH SUS (SIH/SUS) 2585 25 85 25,85% regular analisado 0,54 054 0 54 IC95 IC 0,64 064 64 -0,6 1,74 174 1 74 0,37 037 37 0,61 061 61 -0,61 3,36 336 3 36 -3,3 2,22 222 2 22 0,67 067 67 3,74 374 0,14 014 14 -0,1 7,78 778 7 78 0,06. 006 0,06 06 0,06) 5,49 549 5 49 294 94 2,9 8,11 811 8 11 0,00002 000002 00002 2,50 250 50 077 77 0,7 4,25p 425p 4,25 4 0,005 0005 005 CentroOeste Centro Oeste 2,91 291 91 -2,91 5,26 526 26 -5,2 0,51 051 51 -0,51 0,02 002 02 redução pandêmico tema covid1 covid- 20 (UF (SIH/SUS 258 25,85 0,5 05 IC9 0,6 6 -0, 1,7 17 0,3 03 3,3 33 -3, 2,2 3,7 0,1 01 7,7 00 0,0 5,4 29 9 2, 8,1 81 0,0000 00000 0000 2,5 07 0, 25p 425 4,2 0,00 000 -2,9 5,2 52 -5, -0,5 25,8 -0 1, 3, -3 7, 5, 8, 0,000 42 4, -2, -5 25, - -2

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the incompleteness and trend of incompleteness of the race/color variable in hospitalizations due to COVID-19 whose outcome was death, in Brazil, between April 2020 and April 2022. METHODS Ecological time series study on the incompleteness of the race/color variable in hospitalizations due to COVID-19 whose outcome was death in Brazil, its macro-regions and Federative Units (FU), by joinpoint regression, calculation of Monthly Percent Change (MPC) and Average Monthly Percent Change (AMPC), based on data from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). RESULTS The incompleteness of the race/color variable in COVID-19 hospitalizations with a death outcome in Brazil was 25.85%, considered poor. All regions of the country had a poor degree of incompleteness, except for the South, which was considered regular. In the period analyzed, the joinpoint analysis revealed a stable trend in the incompleteness of the race/color variable in Brazil (AMPC = 0.54; 95%CI: -0.64 to 1.74; p = 0.37) and in the Southeast (AMPC = -0.61; 95%CI: -3.36 to 2.22; p = 0.67) and North (AMPC = 3.74; 95%CI: -0.14 to 7.78; p = 0.06) regions. The South (AMPC = 5.49; 95%CI: 2.94 to 8.11; p = 0.00002) and Northeast (AMP = 2.50; 95%CI: 0.77 to 4.25; p = 0.005) regions showed an increase in the incompleteness trend, while the Midwest (AMPC = -2.91 ; 95%CI: -5.26 to -0.51; p = 0.02) showed a downward trend. CONCLUSION The proportion of poor completeness and the stable trend of incompleteness show that there was no improvement in the quality of filling in the race/color variable during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, a fact that may have increased health inequalities for the black population and made it difficult to plan strategic actions for this population, considering the pandemic context. The results found reinforce the need to encourage discussion on the subject, given that the incompleteness of health information systems increases inequalities in access to health services and compromises the quality of health data. racecolor race color COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 202 2022 macroregions macro FU, FU , (FU) regression MPC (MPC AMPC, AMPC (AMPC) SIH/SUS. SIHSUS SIH/SUS . SIH SUS (SIH/SUS) 2585 25 85 25.85% regular analyzed 0.54 054 0 54 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.64 064 64 -0.6 1.74 174 1 74 0.37 037 37 0.61 061 61 -0.61 3.36 336 3 36 -3.3 2.22 222 2 22 0.67 067 67 3.74 374 0.14 014 14 -0.1 7.78 778 7 78 0.06 006 06 5.49 549 5 49 294 94 2.9 8.11 811 8 11 0.00002 000002 00002 AMP 2.50 250 50 077 77 0.7 4.25 425 4 0.005 0005 005 2.91 291 91 -2.9 5.26 526 26 -5.2 0.51 051 51 -0.51 0.02 002 02 context subject COVID1 COVID- 20 (FU (SIH/SUS 258 25.85 0.5 05 9 0.6 6 -0. 1.7 17 0.3 03 3.3 33 -3. 2.2 3.7 0.1 01 7.7 0.0 00 5.4 29 2. 8.1 81 0.0000 00000 0000 2.5 07 0. 4.2 42 0.00 000 -2. 5.2 52 -5. -0.5 25.8 -0 1. 3. -3 7. 5. 8. 0.000 4. -2 -5 25. -

ABSTRACT The mechanical and metallurgical properties of the AISI 316/AISI 410 stainless steel junctions are examined in this study employing TIG welding. The microstructural properties of the welds were examined, and their effects on joint integrity were evaluated by exposing them to different welding conditions. Strength-loving AISI 410 stainless steel and corrosion-resistant AISI 316 stainless steel were butt connected and put through various tests. The complicated interplay between alloy compositions and welding conditions was highlighted by the results, which showed significant differences in both mechanical strength and microstructure. The purpose of this study is to shed light on how best to weld different types of stainless steel alloys together. Experiments using TIG welding with varying current flows, welding speeds, and shielding gas flow rates were conducted to achieve this. The optimal method settings were determined by taking into account responses such as micro hardness and tensile strength. Their effects had been ascertained through the use of analysis of variance. Based on the GRA, the optimal set of settings was determined to be 120 amp welding current, 2 m/min welding speed, and 10 lit/min shielding gas flow. 316AISI 41 Strengthloving Strength loving corrosionresistant corrosion resistant 31 tests results microstructure together flows speeds variance GRA 12 mmin m min speed 1 litmin lit 4 3

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a incompletude e a tendência da incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito, no Brasil, no período entre abril de 2020 e abril de 2022. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre a incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil, suas macrorregiões e Unidades Federativas (UF), pela regressão por joinpoint, cálculo da Monthly Percent Change (MPC) e Average Monthly Percent Change (AMPC), a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). RESULTADOS A incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil foi 25,85%, considerada ruim. Todas as regiões do país tiveram grau de incompletude ruim, exceto a Região Sul, considerada regular. No período analisado, a análise jointpoint revelou tendência de estabilidade na incompletude da variável raça/cor no Brasil (AMPC = 0,54; IC95% -0,64 a 1,74; p = 0,37) e nas regiões Sudeste (AMPC = -0,61; IC95% -3,36 a 2,22; p = 0,67) e Norte (AMPC = 3,74; IC95% -0,14 a 7,78; p = 0,06). As regiões Sul (AMPC = 5,49; IC95% 2,94 a 8,11; p = 0,00002) e Nordeste (AMPC = 2,50; IC95% 0,77 a 4,25;p = 0,005) apresentaram crescimento na tendência da incompletude, enquanto a Região Centro-Oeste (AMPC = -2,91; IC95% -5,26 a -0,51; p = 0,02) teve tendência de redução. CONCLUSÃO A proporção de preenchimento ruim e a tendência de estabilidade da incompletude revelam que não houve melhoria na qualidade de preenchimento da variável raça/cor durante o período da pandemia da covid-19 no Brasil, fato que pode ter ampliado as iniquidades em saúde para população negra e dificultado o planejamento de ações estratégias para essa população, considerando o contexto pandêmico. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a necessidade de fomentar a discussão sobre o tema, tendo em vista que a incompletude dos sistemas de informação em saúde amplia desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde e compromete a qualidade dos dados em saúde.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the incompleteness and trend of incompleteness of the race/color variable in hospitalizations due to COVID-19 whose outcome was death, in Brazil, between April 2020 and April 2022. METHODS Ecological time series study on the incompleteness of the race/color variable in hospitalizations due to COVID-19 whose outcome was death in Brazil, its macro-regions and Federative Units (FU), by joinpoint regression, calculation of Monthly Percent Change (MPC) and Average Monthly Percent Change (AMPC), based on data from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). RESULTS The incompleteness of the race/color variable in COVID-19 hospitalizations with a death outcome in Brazil was 25.85%, considered poor. All regions of the country had a poor degree of incompleteness, except for the South, which was considered regular. In the period analyzed, the joinpoint analysis revealed a stable trend in the incompleteness of the race/color variable in Brazil (AMPC = 0.54; 95%CI: -0.64 to 1.74; p = 0.37) and in the Southeast (AMPC = -0.61; 95%CI: -3.36 to 2.22; p = 0.67) and North (AMPC = 3.74; 95%CI: -0.14 to 7.78; p = 0.06) regions. The South (AMPC = 5.49; 95%CI: 2.94 to 8.11; p = 0.00002) and Northeast (AMP = 2.50; 95%CI: 0.77 to 4.25; p = 0.005) regions showed an increase in the incompleteness trend, while the Midwest (AMPC = -2.91 ; 95%CI: -5.26 to -0.51; p = 0.02) showed a downward trend. CONCLUSION The proportion of poor completeness and the stable trend of incompleteness show that there was no improvement in the quality of filling in the race/color variable during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, a fact that may have increased health inequalities for the black population and made it difficult to plan strategic actions for this population, considering the pandemic context. The results found reinforce the need to encourage discussion on the subject, given that the incompleteness of health information systems increases inequalities in access to health services and compromises the quality of health data.

INTRODUCTION: Reciprocal associations have been found to exist between various dental anomalies.1-14 Maxillary canine ectopia may, however, occur in dentitions without any anomalies AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of dental anomalies in a sample of panoramic radiographs. The objective was to establish whether associations exist between canine ectopia and the presence of one or more of a range of selected developmental dental anomalies. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 574 mixed dentition panoramic radiographs in patients with a dental age ranging from 8 to 12 years RESULTS: Signs of potentially ectopic maxillary canines were evident in 85% of the radiographs and of these, 80.7% showed no evidence of the selected dental anomalies which were studied. The most prevalent association of potential canine ectopia and the anomalies studied was found with supernumerary teeth (6.5%), followed by infraocclusion of primary molars (4.5%). Peg-shaped lateral incisors showed a statistically significant association (p=0.043) with mesial overlap of the cusp tip of the maxillary canine and the root of the lateral incisor. Taurodontism was significantly associated with increased angulation of the developing canine (p=0.0049) and dilaceration showed a statistically significant association (p=0.03) with non- resorption of canines CONCLUSION: In cases where dental anomalies are present, the developing canines should be carefully monitored both clinically and radiographically

Resumen Este artículo estudia el papel que tuvo el antropólogo Roger Bartra en la introducción a México, en la década de los 1960, del hasta entonces prácticamente desconocido texto de Karl Marx Formen o Formas económicas precapitalistas y, en concreto, de uno de los conceptos en él expuesto: el modo de producción asiático (MPA). Para ello, se reconstruye la historia de la recepción mexicana temprana de las Formen y se explica la importancia que cobró el concepto de MPA para desarrollar un marxismo que reconociera la diversidad de devenires históricos. Asimismo, se analiza el uso que hizo Roger Bartra del MPA para examinar las antiguas sociedades americanas y su rol como editor para diseminar este concepto y las Formen en el campo intelectual mexicano.

Abstract This article studies the role played by anthropologist Roger Bartra in the introduction to Mexico in the 1960s of Karl Marx’s hitherto virtually unknown text , Formenor Precapitalist Economic Forms, and specifically of one of the concepts presented therein: the Asiatic mode of production (AMP). To this end, the history of the early Mexican reception of the Formen is recons-tructed and the importance of the concept of AMP for the development of a Marxism that recognizes the diversity of historical developments is explained. It also analyzes Roger Bartra’s use of the AMP to examine ancient American societies and his role as editor in disseminating this concept and the Formen in the Mexican intellectual field.

Maxillary canine ectopia is an anomaly of the mixed dentition which can and should be diagnosed early and treated interceptively wherever possible. Various radiographic markers have been associated with canine ectopia, and these are significant aids to a thorough clinical examination, in order to diagnose ectopia. METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was carried out on a sample of 465 mixed dentition panoramic radiographs in order to establish the prevalence of maxillary canine ectopia according to a set of radiographic markers. The sample of radiographs included patients with dental ages between 10 and 12 years of age RESULTS: 404 radiographs displayed signs of canine ectopia according to the markers studied. Non- resorption of the root of the primary canine was the most common marker (63%) found. This was followed by overlap in 25.2% of cases, whilst increased angulation of the developing canine was the least prevalent (4.7%). Non-resorption showed a statistically significant association with distal overlap and overlap over the pulp chamber. Increased angulation was significantly associated with non-resorption in all degrees of overlap. Unilateral increased size of the mandibular canine showed a significant association with cases displaying a mesial overlap (p= 0.027 CONCLUSION: Dental age is an important aspect of predicting canine ectopia. Non-resorption of the roots of the primary canine must be viewed with caution at the dental age of 10 years. Enlargement of the mandibular canine maybe viewed as a potential early warning sign for maxillary canine ectopia

Resumo Pheretima posthuma (Vaillant, 1868), uma minhoca nativa do Paquistão e sudeste da Ásia, tem ampla utilização em processos de vermicompostagem e biorremediação. Neste estudo, o fluido celômico de P. posthuma (PCF) e a pasta corporal (PBP) foram avaliados como agente antibacteriano contra cinco isolados clínicos Gram-positivos e quatro Gram-negativos resistentes à ampicilina (AMP). O efeito antibacteriano de diferentes doses (ou seja, 25-100 µg / ml) de PCF e PBP juntamente com AMP e azitromicina (AZM) (controles negativo e positivo, respectivamente) foi observado por meio de métodos de difusão em disco e microdiluição. Todos os nove isolados clínicos foram notados como resistentes a AMP e sensíveis a AZM. Os efeitos antibacterianos de PCF e PBP foram dependentes da dose e a zona de inibição (ZI) contra todos os isolados clínicos foi entre 23,4 ± 0,92 a 0 ± 00 mm. O perfil de sensibilidade do PCF e PBP contra isolados clínicos foi observado como 44,44% e 55,56%, respectivamente. Tanto o PCF quanto o PBP mostraram ação bacteriostática (BTS) contra S. aureus, S. pyogenes, K. pneumonia, N. gonorrhoeae. Além disso, o potencial BTS cumulativo de PCF e PBP contra todos os isolados foi de 66,67% e 55,56%, respectivamente. Os MICs de PCF e PBP variaram de 50-200 µg / ml contra isolados selecionados. As curvas de crescimento bacteriano indicaram que o PCF e o PBP inibiram o crescimento de todos os isolados em suas concentrações específicas de MIC. No entanto, PBP tem melhor potencial antibacteriano em comparação com PCF contra isolados selecionados. Portanto, conclui-se que tanto o PCF quanto o PBP de P. posthuma possuem potencial antibacteriano e BTS contra isolados clínicos resistentes à ampicilina. Esse organismo pode ser considerado como uma segunda escolha de agentes antibacterianos e pode ainda ser utilizado nas indústrias farmacêuticas para a fabricação de novos medicamentos por meio da prospecção de agentes com potencial bioativo.

Abstract Pheretima posthuma (Vaillant, 1868), a native earthworm of Pakistan and Southeast Asia, has wide utilization in vermicomposting and bioremediation process. In this study, P. posthuma coelomic fluid (PCF) and body paste (PBP) was evaluated as antibacterial agent against ampicillin (AMP) resistant five Gram positive and four Gram negative clinical isolates. The antibacterial effect of different doses (i.e. 25-100 µg/ml) of PCF and PBP along with AMP and azithromycin (AZM) (negative and positive controls, respectively) were observed through disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods. All nine clinical isolates were noticed as AMP resistant and AZM sensitive. Antibacterial effects of PCF and PBP were dose dependent and zone of inhibitions (ZI) against all clinical isolates were between 23.4 ± 0.92 to 0 ± 00 mm. The sensitivity profile of PCF and PBP against clinical isolates was noticed as 44.44 and 55.56%, respectively. Both PCF and PBP showed bacteriostatic (BTS) action against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, K. pneumonia, N. gonorrhoeae. Moreover, the cumulative BTS potential of PCF and PBP against all isolates was 66.67 and 55.56%, respectively. The MICs of PCF and PBP were ranged from 50-200 µg/ml against selected isolates. The bacterial growth curves indicated that PCF and PBP inhibited the growth of all isolates at their specific MIC concentrations. However, PBP has better antibacterial potential compared to PCF against selected isolates. Therefore, it is concluded that both PCF and PBP of P. posthuma possess antibacterial and BTS potential against ampicillin resistant clinical isolates. This organism might be considered as a second choice of antibacterial agents and can further be utilized in pharmaceutical industries for novel drug manufacturing by prospecting bioactive potential agents.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of Oenanthe stolonifera D.C extract (OJE) on Hep3B, a human liver cancer cell, and identify the anticancer mechanisms. When treated with 1.0 mg/mL of OJE in HEK-293 and HEP3B to test the anticancer effect based on cell viability and mobility, the extract showed no growth inhibitory effect on HEK-293, while Hep3B's cell viability and mobility significantly decreased to 62.5% and 48.6%, respectively. The RNA expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein-53 (p53), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are key genes of carcinogenesis, were examined to investigate the mechanism of the anticancer effect. OJE downregulated COX-2 and increased the expression of cancer suppressors AMPK and p53 in a concentration-dependent manner. HPLC analysis was conducted to quantify secondary metabolites in OJE, and 0.50 mg/g DM of chlorogenic acid was identified as the main substance. Therefore, Oenanthe stolonifera D.C containing bioactive substances is valuable as a natural source for anticancer agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. DC D C (OJE Hep3B HepB Hep B mechanisms 10 1 0 1. mgmL mg mL HEK293 HEK 293 HEK-29 HEPB HEP HEK293, 293, Hep3Bs HepBs s 625 62 5 62.5 486 48 6 48.6% respectively AMPactivated AMP activated AMPK, , (AMPK) protein53 53 protein-5 p53, p (p53) cyclooxygenase2 cyclooxygenase 2 cyclooxygenase- COX2, COX2 COX (COX-2) carcinogenesis COX- p5 concentrationdependent concentration dependent manner 050 50 0.5 mgg g substance Therefore industries HEK29 29 HEK-2 Bs 62. 4 48.6 (AMPK protein5 protein- (p53 (COX-2 05 0. HEK2 HEK- 48. (p5 (COX- (p (COX