Abstract Construction projects are highly complex systems that recurrently present discrepancies between work-as-imagined and work-as-done. Digital technologies, such as photogrammetry using UAVs (drones), are promising support tools to cope with this problem. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the procedures for developing and assessing the quality of a 3D model generated through photogrammetry from images captured by a drone, comparing it to the as-designed BIM model. Thus, a case study was carried out in a residential low-income housing construction project in Camaçari, Brazil. Compared to the as-designed BIM 3D model, the photogrammetric model presented an average dimensional deviation of -1.68%. The model also presented issues such as occlusions and deformations. The study highlights that both this deviation and the quality of the photogrammetric model can be significantly influenced by the data collection method (e.g., quantity and resolution of photos). The study's primary contribution lies in presenting the potential of UAV usage for image capture in photogrammetry model generation. workasimagined work imagined workasdone. workasdone done. done work-as-done technologies drones, drones , (drones) problem Therefore D drone asdesigned designed Thus lowincome low income Camaçari Brazil 1.68%. 168 1 68 -1.68% deformations e.g., eg e g (e.g. photos. photos . photos) studys s generation (drones 1.68% 16 6 -1.68 e.g. (e.g 1.68 -1.6 e.g 1.6 -1. 1. -1 -

Resumo Projetos de construção são sistemas altamente complexos que apresentam recorrentemente discrepâncias entre o trabalho planejado e o trabalho realizado. Tecnologias digitais, como a fotogrametria com VANTs (drones), são ferramentas de suporte promissoras nesse contexto. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os procedimentos de desenvolvimento e qualidade de um modelo 3D gerado por fotogrametria através de imagens capturadas por drone, comparando-o ao modelo as-designed BIM. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso em uma habitação de interesse social localizada em Camaçari-BA. Comparado ao modelo BIM projetado, o modelo fotogramétrico apresentou um desvio dimensional médio de -1,68%. O modelo também apresentou inconsistências como oclusões e deformações. O estudo mostra que tanto esse desvio como a qualidade do modelo fotogramétrico obtido podem ser consideravelmente influenciados pela forma de coleta dos dados (ex. baixa quantidade e resolução das fotos). A principal contribuição do estudo é apresentar o potencial do uso do VANT para captura de imagens para geração de um modelo de fotogrametria. realizado digitais drones, drones , (drones) contexto Assim D drone comparandoo comparando asdesigned as designed isso realizouse realizou se CamaçariBA. CamaçariBA Camaçari BA. BA Camaçari-BA projetado 1,68%. 168 1 68 -1,68% deformações ex. ex (ex fotos. fotos . fotos) (drones 1,68% 16 6 -1,68 1,68 -1,6 1,6 -1, 1, -1 -

ABSTRACT: The precise account of biodiversity in the tropics has prompted the need for extended and accurate forest inventories in mountainous landscapes, where satellite imagery and radiative transfer modeling of forests have acquired much relevance. Last-generation classification algorithms (i.e. machine learning) using terrain information have proven useful for mapping forest types, however, the accuracy of classifications is measured on average over a large extent, and little emphasis has been placed on predicting which illumination configurations could in fact cause high uncertainty in the classification results. This paper presents a 3D modeling approach adapted to the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) image simulator, which indicates whether forest types are distinguishable in a set of steep terrain configurations. The approach also describes a comparison of simulated and real forest scenes on slopes at high (4 m) spatial resolution. This method was applied to estimate the spectral separability of three forest types (oak, pine, and high tropical forests) on steep terrain in Mexico. For extreme (low or high) solar incidence angles, the pine and high tropical forests were indistinguishable, and by contrast, they were distinguishable on slopes near to the solar perpendicular plane. As a consequence, to maximize favourable slope configurations, we recommend to incorporate images acquired in the morning and in the afternoon for machine learning classification algorithms.

RESUMEN: El registro preciso de la biodiversidad tropical ha llevado a la necesidad de inventarios forestales extensos y precisos en zonas montañosas, donde las imágenes satelitales y la modelización de transferencia radiativa de los bosques han adquirido mucha relevancia. Los algoritmos de clasificación de imágenes de última generación (i.e. aprendizaje automático), aplicados con información auxiliar del relieve, se han revelado relativamente exitosos para el mapeo de tipos de bosques, sin embargo, la exactitud de la clasificación se mide solamente en promedio sobre áreas extensas, y poca atención se ha vertido en predecir las configuraciones de iluminación que en realidad causan alta incertidumbre en los resultados de la clasificación. En este artículo, se presenta una metodología basada en el simulador de imágenes Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART), para determinar si los tipos de bosque son distinguibles o no en configuraciones de terreno escarpado. Este trabajo describe la comparación de escenas forestales simuladas y reales en imágenes de alta resolución espacial (4 m). El método se aplicó para la estimación de la separabilidad espectral de tres tipos de bosques (encino, pino y selva alta perennifolia) en terrenos escarpados en México. Para ángulos de incidencia solar extremos (muy pequeños o muy grandes), el bosque de pino y la selva alta resultaron indistinguibles, y en contraste, fueron distinguibles en laderas cercanas al plano perpendicular solar. En consecuencia, para incluir un máximo de configuraciones favorables de laderas, recomendamos incorporar imágenes adquiridas en la mañana y en la tarde en el entrenamiento de los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático.

Resumo O estudo fundamenta-se em uma análise geral das geociências do colapso nos campos de cultivo de Santa María Zacatepec, na cidade de Juan C. Bonilla, México. A técnica de sensoriamento remoto é aplicada no desenvolvimento, permitindo a interpretação de combinações de bandas e a determinação da geometria, geologia, geomorfologia e cartografia do local. É apresentada uma análise resumida do trabalho realizado, além de modelos de simulação do gasto hidrológico e da aceleração da água nos taludes estruturais de escoamento. Esses dados foram utilizados para o mapeamento final e a modelagem gráfica. Foi realizado um estudo geomorfológico, geológico e topográfico do local, utilizando técnicas telemétricas aéreas e de satélite. Também foi utilizado um software especializado para levantamentos geodésicos e mapeamento em modelos 2D e 3D da área de análise. Os levantamentos do local foram realizados com o objetivo de conhecer o formato da estrutura e identificar áreas de risco potencial para a população próxima ao colapso. Foram obtidas ortofotos para calcular e determinar a inclinação por distância-elevação, aceleração-altura, fluxo de água e força, o que serviu para concluir as possíveis causas que levaram ao colapso e para ter dados técnicos suficientes que foram compartilhados com as autoridades de proteção civil.

Abstract This paper presents a general analysis from the geosciences of structural collapses. The analysis was conducted in the crop fields of Santa María Zacatepec, in the city of Juan C. Bonilla, Mexico. The analysis implemented the Remote Sensing technique, facilitating the interpretation of band combinations and determining the geometry, geology, geomorphology and cartography of the site under study. A summary analysis of the work performed is presented, in addition to showing simulation models of the hydrological outflow and water acceleration in the runoff structural slopes, data that were used for the final mapping and graphic modeling. A geomorphological, geological, and topographical study of the site was conducted, using satellite and aerial telemetric techniques. Specialized software was also used for geodetic surveys, mapping in 2D and 3D models of the analysis area. Surveys of the site were carried out to determine the shape of the structure and identify potentially risk areas for the population near the collapse events. Orthophotos were obtained to calculate and determine the slope by distance-elevation, acceleration-height, water flow and force, which served to conclude the possible causes that led to the collapses and have sufficient technical data that were shared with the civil protection authorities.

Resumen El trabajo se basa en un análisis general desde las geociencias del colapso en los campos de cultivo de Santa María Zacatepec, de la ciudad Juan C. Bonilla. En el desarrollo se aplica la técnica de Percepción Remota, permitiendo interpretar combinaciones de bandas y determinar la geometría, geología, geomorfología y cartografía del sitio. Se presenta un análisis resumido del trabajo que se realizó, además de mostrar modelos de simulación del gasto hidrológico y la aceleración del agua en las pendientes estructurales de escorrentía, datos que se usaron para la cartografía y modelado gráfico finales. Se realizó un estudio geomorfológico, geológico y topográfico del lugar, con técnicas telemétricas satelitales y aéreas; también se utilizó software especializado que se aplicó para levantamientos geodésicos, realizando cartografía en modelos 2D y 3D del área de análisis. Las prospecciones del lugar se realizaron con el objetivo de conocer la forma de la estructura e identificar áreas potencialmente riesgosas para la población cercana al colapso. Se obtuvieron ortofotos para calcular y determinar la pendiente por distanciaelevación, la aceleración-altura, el gasto y la fuerza del agua; que sirvió para concluir las posibles causas que ocasionaron el colapso, y contar con datos técnicos suficientes que se compartieron con las autoridades de protección civil.

Abstract Currently, the practice of cycling has had a considerable increase, as well as the use of mountain bikes (MTB) with rigid frames, used as a means of transportation and for competition, due to their affordable cost. This type of bicycles, when used for various purposes, present varied stresses in its frame, which leads to exceed the design requirements, presenting failures in the upper chainstays. This type of failure will be analized in this study, which is why the information regarding the frame material, acting loads and 3D modeling is collected. Subsequently, a homologation analysis of the failure is generated and an improvement proposal is determined by applying geometric optimization, where a thickness of 3,50 mm is determined in the upper sheaths, guaranteeing the resistance of the bicycle frame under the study conditions; that is, a drop of 60 cm and a load of 74 kg, this guarantees that the stress in the upper chainstays does not exceed the ultimate stress of the material of 890,94 MPa.

Resumen En la actualidad la práctica del ciclismo ha tenido un incremento considerable, así como el uso de bicicletas de montaña (Mountain Bike, MTB, en inglés), de cuadro rígido, utilizadas como medio de transporte y para competencia, debido a su costo asequible. Este tipo de bicicletas, al ser utilizadas para varios propósitos, presentan esfuerzos variados en su cuadro, que conllevan a sobrepasar las exigencias de diseño, presentándose fallos en las vainas superiores. Este tipo de fallo es analizado en este estudio, motivo por el cual se levanta la información referente al material del cuadro, cargas actuantes y modelado 3D. Posterior se genera un análisis de homologación del fallo y se determina una propuesta de mejora aplicando optimización geométrica, donde se determina un espesor de 3,50 mm en las vainas superiores, garantizando la resistencia del cuadro de bicicleta bajo las condiciones de estudio; es decir, un drop de 60 cm y carga de 74 kg, con la cual se garantiza que el esfuerzo en las vainas superiores no sobrepase el esfuerzo último del material de 890,94 MPa.

Abstract In the second half of the 19th century, the Argentine littoral stood out for being one of the country's regions with the greatest economic development and for a notable influx of immigrants. There, the cities were part of a system characterized by particular relations between communication routes and territorial and urban evolution, aspects that promoted constant growth. In these centers, one of the representative buildings was the theater hall. In the city of Paraná, the Tres de Febrero (18511908) stands out convincingly for its imprint on the fabric, for reflecting the vitality of society and for being a confluence site for various cultural activities. For this article, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out based on the combination of primary historical sources with 3D modeling. The result offers a more complex insight at the role and refurbishment of theaters in cities in transformation.

Resumen En la segunda mitad del siglo diecinueve, el litoral argentino se destacó por ser una de las regiones del país con mayor desarrollo económico y por una notable afluencia inmigratoria. Allí, las ciudades formaron parte de un sistema de relaciones particulares entre las vías de comunicación y la evolución territorial y urbana, aspectos que impulsaban un constante crecimiento. En esos centros, uno de los edificios representativos era la sala teatral. En la ciudad de Paraná, el teatro Tres de Febrero (1851-1908) se destaca de manera contundente por su impronta en el tejido, por reflejar la vitalidad de la sociedad y por ser sitio de confluencia de diversas actividades culturales. Para este artículo, se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo a partir de la combinación de fuentes primarias y modelos 3D. El resultado ofrece una mirada más compleja sobre el rol y la readaptación de los teatros en ciudades en transformación.

Abstrato Na segunda metade do século XIX, a costa argentina destacou-se como uma das regiões economicamente mais desenvolvidas do país, com um notável afluxo de imigrantes. Alí, as cidades faziam parte de um sistema com relações particulares entre as vias de comunicação e o desenvolvimento territorial e urbano, aspectos que impulsionaram o crescimento constante. Nesses centros, um dos edifícios representativos era o teatro. Na cidade do Paraná, o teatro Tres de Febrero (1851-1908) se destaca por seu impacto sobre o tecido, por refletir a vitalidade da sociedade e por ser um lugar de confluência de diversas atividades culturais. Para este artigo, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa utilizando uma combinação de fontes primárias e modelos 3D. O resultado oferece um olhar mais complexo sobre o papel e a readaptação dos teatros em cidades em mudança.

Resumen El uso de ácido poliláctico (PLA) en la tecnología por deposición fundida (FDM) más conocida como impresión 3D para crear todo tipo de piezas, desde prototipos y piezas simples hasta productos finales altamente técnicos es un gran un competidor debido a su amplio rango de propiedades frente a otros materiales compuestos de origen petroquímico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el uso de ácido poliláctico (PLA) para la construcción de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV) por medio de impresión 3D. Se realizó el cálculo de la potencia y la fuerza del UAV, un análisis estructural en el software SolidWorks para calcular los esfuerzos máximos y mínimos y determinar los parámetros óptimos de elaboración. Así mismo, se realizó un análisis aerodinámico mediante el software ANSYS para determinar el coeficiente de arrastre y las fuerzas que intervienen en el UAV. Se encuentra que la fuerza que ejercen los motores sobre los bazos es de 13,63 N y la potencia es de 536N; en el análisis estructural se encontró que los esfuerzos mínimos se encuentran en los brazos del chasis y los esfuerzos máximos se encuentra donde se ajusta el chasis con un valor de 6,604 MPa y un factor de seguridad de 3,23; en el análisis aerodinámico se encontró una fuerza de arrastre de 1N y una potencia de vuelo de 108,44 N. El UAV alcanzó una altura de vuelo de 48 m y una autonomía de vuelo de 17 minutos concluyendo que la tecnología de impresión 3D es una alternativa viable y de bajo costo.

Abstract The use of polylactic acid (PLA) in the technology of fused deposition modeling (FDM), better known as 3D printing, to create all kinds of parts, from prototypes and simple pieces to highly technical end products, is a significant contender due to its wide range of properties compared to other petrochemical-based composite materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of polylactic acid (PLA) for the construction of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) through 3D printing. Power and force calculations for the UAV were performed, and a structural analysis using SolidWorks software was conducted to calculate maximum and minimum stresses and determine optimal manufacturing parameters. Additionally, an aerodynamic analysis using ANSYS software was carried out to determine the drag coefficient and the forces acting on the UAV. It was found that the force exerted by the motors on the arms is 13,63 N, and the power is 536 N. In the structural analysis, it was determined that the minimum stresses are located in the chassis arms, while the maximum stresses are found where the chassis is attached, with a value of 6,604 MPa and a safety factor of 3,23. In the aerodynamic analysis, a drag force of 1 N and a flight power of 108,44 N were calculated. The UAV achieved a flight height of 48 m and a flight autonomy of 17 minutes, concluding that 3D printing technology is a viable and cost-effective alternative.

RESUMEN Aunque el modelaje geológico comúnmente realizado en los depósitos minerales es del tipo determinístico, la modelación probabilística resulta más adecuada para conocer o medir cuantitativamente la incertidumbre asociada. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue cuantificar, para un sector del depósito de níquel San Felipe, la incertidumbre de los horizontes de la corteza de meteorización a partir de su modelación probabilística. Como base se tomó el modelo geológico descriptivo del depósito laterítico, caracterizado por la zonalidad litológica en profundidad. Se empleó la técnica probabilística de simulación secuencial Indicador con Proporciones Localmente Variables, mediante la cual se reproducen sintéticamente 50 escenarios equiprobables de las unidades geológicas, condicionadas a 3 884 compósitos de la red de pozos de 100 m x 100 m. Como resultado se presenta para el sector de estudio el modelo 3D de los horizontes litológicos en soporte de bloques, así como los mapas de entropía que cuantifican la incertidumbre asociada al modelo de las unidades geológicas modeladas. Se concluye que, dada la variabilidad presente en este tipo de depósito laterítico, la disponibilidad de información geológica resulta aún insuficiente para reproducir con un nivel de certidumbre adecuado el modelo de los horizontes de la corteza de meteorización.

ABSTRACT The geological modeling commonly performed on mineral deposits is of the deterministic type, but it has been demonstrated that probabilistic modeling is more adequate to know or quantitatively measure the associated uncertainty. This study is aim to quantify the uncertainty of weathering crustal horizons for a sector of the San Felipe nickel deposit, based on its probabilistic modeling. The descriptive geological model of the lateritic deposit was taken as a basis, characterized by the lithological zoning at depth. The probabilistic Sequential Indicator Simulation with Locally variable Proportions was used, through which 50 equiprobable scenarios of the geological units are synthetically reproduced, conditioned to 3,884 composites from the network of 100 m x 100 m drillholes. As a result, the 3D model of the lithological horizons on block support is presented for the study sector, as well as the entropy maps that quantify the uncertainty associated with the model of the modeled geological units. As conclusion, we can say that, due to the variability present in this type of lateritic deposit, the availability of geological information is still insufficient to reproduce the model of weathering crust horizons with an adequate level of certainty.

Introduction: Liver anatomy has always been a challenge due to its complexity and variability. In recent years, lower costs has allowed the generation of individualized 3D models for each patient, which can facilitate the surgical approach to liver lesions. The main objective was to determine usefulness of preoperative 3D modeling for surgical planning in patients with liver lesions. Methods: Quasi-experimental before-after study. 19 cases were included in which surgery was planned using a 3D printed model (13 bilobar hepatectomies, 3 of them with vascular involvement, and 6 unilobar hepatectomies, 1 of them with vascular involvement), and another 19 cases whose planning was carried out without a 3D printed model (7 bilobar segmental hepatic resections and 12 unilobar segmental resections. None of these cases had vascular involvement). Results: A significant difference in mean lesion count was observed, higher in the group of cases when performing the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.001), and a higher number of cases with vascular involvement in the same group when performing the Pearson chi-square test (p = 0.008). The rest of the variables did not show statistically significant differences. Despite this, mortality was reduced to 0 when 3D printed models were used. Conclusion: 3D printing allows for more precise planning of complex liver surgeries, helps with the inclusion and exclusion of patients for surgery, reduces operating room time, postoperative hospitalization, and surgical complications.

Resumen Introducción: La anatomía hepática siempre ha sido un reto por su complejidad y variabilidad. En los últimos años, el abaratamiento de los costes ha permitido la generación de modelos 3D individualizados para cada paciente que pueden facilitar el abordaje quirúrgico de las lesiones. El objetivo principal fue determinar la utilidad del modelado 3D preoperatorio para la planificación quirúrgica en pacientes con lesiones hepáticas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de casos de 38 pacientes intervenidos por lesiones hepáticas múltiples ocupantes de espacio, en el cual, en un grupo seleccionado, en 19 pacientes se utilizó un modelo impreso 3D para planificar la cirugía (grupo 3D) y el otro grupo sin el modelo impreso 3D (grupo control). Resultados: Se observó una diferencia de medias significativa en el número de lesiones; mayor en el grupo 3D al realizar el test de Wilcoxon (p < 0,001) y un mayor número de casos con afectación vascular en este mismo grupo al realizar Chi cuadrado Pearson (p = 0,008). El resto de variables no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. A pesar de esto, la mortalidad se redujo a 0 cuando se usan modelos impresos en 3D. Conclusión: La impresión 3D permite planear, de manera más precisa, cirugías complejas del hígado, ayuda a la inclusión y exclusión de los pacientes para la cirugía, disminuyendo el tiempo de la sala de operaciones, la posterior hospitalización y las complicaciones quirúrgicas.

Resumo Nos últimos anos, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de alto rendimento para obtenção de dados sequenciais potencializou a possibilidade de análise de dados proteicos in silico. No entanto, quando se trata de estudos de interação de poliproteínas virais, existe uma lacuna na representação dessas proteínas, devido ao seu tamanho e comprimento. Para estudos utilizando técnicas de ponta como o Aprendizado de Máquina, uma boa representação dessas proteínas é imprescindível. Apresentamos uma alternativa para este problema, implementando um protocolo de fragmentação e modelagem para preparar essas poliproteínas na forma de fragmentos de peptídeos. Tal procedimento é feito por diversos scripts, implementados em conjunto no workflow que chamamos de PolyPRep, uma ferramenta escrita em script Python e disponível no GitHub. Este software está disponível gratuitamente apenas para usuários não comerciais.

Abstract In recent years, the development of high-throughput technologies for obtaining sequence data leveraged the possibility of analysis of protein data in silico. However, when it comes to viral polyprotein interaction studies, there is a gap in the representation of those proteins, given their size and length. The prepare for studies using state-of-the-art techniques such as Machine Learning, a good representation of such proteins is a must. We present an alternative to this problem, implementing a fragmentation and modeling protocol to prepare those polyproteins in the form of peptide fragments. Such procedure is made by several scripts, implemented together on the workflow we call PolyPRep, a tool written in Python script and available in GitHub. This software is freely available only for noncommercial users.

Abstract The disease coronavirus COVID-19 has been the cause of millions of deaths worldwide. Among the proteins of SARS-CoV-2, non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) plays a key role during COVID infection and is part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. The monitoring of NSP12 polymorphisms is extremely important for the design of new antiviral drugs and monitoring of viral evolution. This study analyzed the NSP12 mutations detected in circulating SARS-CoV-2 during the years 2020 to 2022 in the population of the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The most frequent mutations found were P323L and G671S. Reports in the literature indicate that these mutations are related to transmissibility efficiency, which may have contributed to the extremely high numbers of cases in this location. In addition, two mutations described here (E796D and R914K) are close and have RMSD that is similar to the mutations M794V and N911K, which have been described in the literature as influential on the performance of the NSP12 enzyme. These data demonstrate the need to monitor the emergence of new mutations in NSP12 in order to better understand their consequences for the treatments currently used and in the design of new drugs. COVID19 19 COVID-1 worldwide SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2, 2 nonstructural non structural 1 NSP (NSP12 RNAdependent dependent complex NSP1 evolution SARS-CoV- 202 Manaus Amazonas Brazil PL P L G671S GS G S efficiency location addition E796D ED E D R914K RK R K MV M V N911K NK N enzyme COVID1 COVID- (NSP1 SARS-CoV 20 (NSP

Abstract The Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) is a globally known region for its world-class metallic deposits. Although its Precambrian units have been vastly studied since the 1960s due to economic importance, the Cenozoic geological record represents an upcoming subject of interest. The occurrence of Cenozoic sedimentary deposits has been noticed since the end of the 19th century, but most of them are not yet fully characterized. This paper brings a complete description, mapping, 3D modeling, and simulations of the sedimentary deposit named Bandeira Basin, Serra do Tamanduá, QF. Based on field data, such as mapping and drill core database analysis, three drill cores were selected for further investigation and detailed description. The Bandeira Basin can be characterized and subdivided into three units: Unit A: found only in the southeast area and shows exclusively sediments from the Nova Lima Group; Unit B: intermediate unit that occurs in central and southeast areas, with Rio das Velhas Supergroup as a possible source of the sedimentary material; and Unit C: occurs at the top, and it is essentially colluvial deposits from Minas Supergroup units. The contacts between units are abrupt or erosive, recording successive deposition stages. The basin is thicker on its central and southwest ends and thinner on the east and north, where part of the basement outcrops. Cenozoic tectonic events were probably active in this area, controlling the sedimentary processes, with the NW-SE and NE-SW lineaments reactivated, triggering sediment deposition and migration to the deepest spot of the basin. These sediments were 3D modeled in Leapfrog Geo, the visualization of any given region of interest, in the modeled scale. This methodology allowed an assertive characterization of sedimentary filling and could be applied to other basins. This comprehension is important because these sediments are used indirectly or directly in civil projects. QF (QF worldclass world class s importance interest th century description D modeling Tamanduá data analysis A Group B areas material C top erosive stages north outcrops processes NWSE NW SE NESW NE SW reactivated Geo scale basins projects

Abstract Modern tunnel design in urban areas heavily relies on numerical modeling to assess excavation stability and predict ground movement. Recent advancements in soil modeling, hardware, and software have facilitated the development of sophisticated 3D models within tight schedules. Urban tunnels are often shallow and excavated in challenging ground conditions, with proximity to existing structures and infrastructure. Consequently, numerical modeling of such tunnels involves highly nonlinear analyses with complex boundary conditions. Despite the widespread use of numerical modeling in tunnel research and design, there is a lack of publications addressing modeling procedures to ensure accurate and reliable results for highly nonlinear shallow tunnel analyses. This paper investigates the requirements for accurate results for highly nonlinear shallow tunnel analyses. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed with different mesh refinements and element types. The study focuses on the hypothetical excavation stability scenario explored by Carranza-Torres et al. (2013). Tunnel stability is assessed using Caquot's analytical solution based on the lower bound theorem of plasticity, as well as FEM modeling with the strength reduction method. The FEM numerical solution, which approaches the exact solution for the problem, provided a factor of safety slightly larger (2.3%) than Caquot's lower-bound solution. The results of the FEM modeling indicate that a significantly less refined mesh is required to achieve accurate results for highly nonlinear shallow tunnel analyses when adopting 2nd-order elements (i.e., quadratic interpolation) instead of 1st-order elements (i.e., linear interpolation). This study improves our understanding of FEM modeling requirements and provides practical insights regarding the numerical modeling of highly nonlinear shallow tunnels in urban areas. movement hardware D schedules conditions infrastructure Consequently (FEM types CarranzaTorres Carranza Torres al 2013. 2013 . (2013) Caquots Caquot s plasticity method problem 2.3% 23 2 3 (2.3% lowerbound 2ndorder ndorder 2nd order nd i.e., ie i e (i.e. interpolation 1storder storder 1st st interpolation. 201 (2013 2.3 (2.3 i.e. (i.e 20 (201 2. (2. i.e (20 (2 (

Abstract Rapid prototyping technology, known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, and its use in the medical field are advancing. Studies on severe bone deformity treatment with 3D printing showed benefits in postoperative outcomes thanks to this technology. Even so, preoperative planning guidance for surgeons is lacking. This technical note describes a practical step-by-step guide to help surgeons use this technology to optimize the therapeutic plan with free license software and an intuitive interface. This study aims to organize the 3D modeling process using a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. This technology allows a deeper understanding of the case and its particularities, such as the direction, planes, and dimensions of the deformity. Planning considering these topics may reduce the surgical time and result in better functional outcomes by understanding the deformity and how to correct it. Associating planning via software with 3D printing can further enhance this therapeutic method. threedimensional three dimensional D (3D advancing so lacking stepbystep step interface CT (CT scan particularities direction planes it method

Resumo Observa-se o avanço da tecnologia de prototipagem rápida, conhecida como impressão tridimensional (3D) e seu uso na área médica. Existem estudos a respeito do tratamento de deformidades ósseas graves com impressão 3D, os quais mostram benefícios no resultado pós-operatório às custas do uso da tecnologia em questão. Ainda assim, nota-se a escassez quando o assunto é disponibilizar ao cirurgião orientações para planejamento pré-operatório. O objetivo desta nota técnica é descrever um passo-a-passo prático para auxiliar cirurgiões a utilizarem a tecnologia como ferramenta para otimizar o plano terapêutico, dispondo de um programa de licença gratuita e de interface intuitiva. Este é um estudo que visa a organização do processo de modelagem 3D, no qual foi utilizado um exame de tomografia computadorizada (TC) pré-operatória. Com esta tecnologia, é possível uma compreensão mais profunda do caso e suas particularidades como direção, planos e dimensões das deformidades. Acredita-se que um planejamento que leve em consideração tais tópicos gera redução do tempo cirúrgico e melhores resultados funcionais devido ao entendimento da deformidade e maneiras de correção. Associar o planejamento via software com a impressão 3D pode potencializar ainda mais na elaboração do método terapêutico. Observase Observa se rápida D (3D médica pósoperatório pós operatório questão assim notase préoperatório. préoperatório pré operatório. pré-operatório passoapasso passo terapêutico intuitiva TC (TC préoperatória. préoperatória operatória. operatória pré-operatória direção Acreditase Acredita correção

Abstract The effect of material size on the amount and uniformity of power absorbed during microwave heating was evaluated by numerical and experimental methods. A three-dimensional (3D) mathematical model, based on the Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism, was solved using the Finite Element Method to predict the power dissipated in the sample. Experimental analysis was performed using a domestic oven and distilled water. Experimental and numerical results showed a good agreement to each other. However, a complex relationship exists between sample size and absorbed power. The modification of the resonance modes in the oven when the sample size is changed may explain it. Furthermore, heating uniformity decreases as the water load size increases because microwave power dissipation occurs mostly near the sample surface due to a lower intensity of resonances inside large samples. methods threedimensional three dimensional 3D D (3D model Maxwells Maxwell s electromagnetism other However it Furthermore samples

Abstract In General Secondary Education in Mozambique, the use of technological resources for learning Technical Drawing and Descriptive Geometry is still rare. The aim of this research is to see if Qubism 3D Modeling and GeoGebra software simulations, in the subjects of Orthogonal Projection and Section of Cylinders, contribute to improving students 3D spatial visualization, considering students previous difficulties in this type of skill. For the study of Orthogonal Projections, we adapted Qubism 3D Modeling to help clarify the representations of orthogonal views. For the study of cylinder sections, we used the dynamic geometry software GeoGebra, as it facilitates the perception of the shape of the figure resulting from the section. This is a quasi-experimental study, following a qualitative approach, conducted in a school in southern Mozambique. The techniques employed included observation, note-taking and photographic records, and the instruments used were satisfaction questionnaires. Fifty students took part, 25 of whom tried out the Qubism 3D Modeling software and the rest used the GeoGebra software. These students solved practical exercises in Technical Drawing and Descriptive Geometry during the didactic intervention. The analysis of the results suggests that the students developed spatial visualization skills, and the data also indicates that the software applied promoted significant learning, making it possible to verify the learning resulting from the computer simulations. From the research already carried out, there are some curiosities and perceptions that can serve as a bridge for further research into the applicability of technology in the study of various subjects in Technical Drawing and Descriptive Geometry. Mozambique rare D simulations Cylinders skill Projections views sections section quasiexperimental quasi experimental approach observation notetaking note taking records questionnaires part 2 intervention skills

Resumo No Ensino Secundário Geral em Moçambique, ainda é raro o uso de recursos tecnológicos para o aprendizado de Desenho Técnico e de Geometria Descritiva. O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar se as simulações dos softwares Qubism 3D Modeling e GeoGebra, nos temas de Projeção Ortogonal e de Seção de Cilindros, contribuem para a formação de alunos nesse tipo de habilidade. Para o estudo das Projeções Ortogonais, adaptamos o Qubism 3D Modeling para ajudar na clarificação das representações das vistas ortogonais. Para o estudo das seções produzidas em cilindro, utilizamos o software de geometria dinâmica GeoGebra, por facilitar a percepção da forma da figura resultante da seção. Este estudo é quase-experimental, seguindo uma abordagem qualitativa, conduzido em uma escola do sul de Moçambique. As técnicas empregadas incluíram observação, tomadas de notas e registros fotográficos, e os instrumentos utilizados foram questionários de satisfação. Participaram 50 alunos, dos quais 25 experimentaram o software Qubism 3D Modeling e os 25 restantes utilizaram o software GeoGebra. Esses alunos resolveram exercícios práticos de Desenho Técnico e de Geometria Descritiva durante a intervenção didática. A análise dos resultados sugere que os alunos desenvolveram competências de visualização espacial, e os dados também indicaram que os softwares aplicados promoveram aprendizagens significativas, possibilitando verificar o aprendizado resultante das simulações computacionais. A partir da pesquisa já realizada, existem algumas curiosidades e percepções que podem servir de ponte para novas pesquisas sobre a aplicabilidade da tecnologia no estudo de diversos temas de Desenho Técnico e de Geometria Descritiva. Moçambique D GeoGebra Cilindros habilidade Ortogonais ortogonais cilindro seção quaseexperimental, quaseexperimental quase experimental, experimental quase-experimental qualitativa observação fotográficos satisfação 5 2 didática espacial significativas computacionais realizada