Abstract The role of wine during the Rosas government in the Argentine Confederation (1829-1852) is examined, within the framework of tense foreign relations, particularly due to the Anglo-French blockade and civil wars, which severely affected the traditional Argentine wine culture. It threatened its disappearance, as occurred in other former Latin American enopoles such as Peru and Mexico. It is detected that the need to export their wines was one of the motives for France’s imperialist policy in the La Plata basin. Likewise, wine was important for Rosas as part of his oenodiplomacy strategy. It is discovered that this strategy contributed to Rosas' successful foreign policy concerning the Great Powers of Europe while at the same time serving to keep the wine culture alive in Argentina and generate the conditions for the subsequent takeoff of the national wine industry. In a way, Rosas’ strategy preserved the wine culture in Argentina, avoiding what happened in other great Latin American wineries such as Mexico and Peru, a tradition that has remained alive to the present day.

Resumen Se examina el papel del vino la época de Rosas como líder político de la Confederación Argentina (1829-1852), en el marco de las tensas relaciones exteriores, particularmente por el bloqueo anglofrancés y las guerras civiles que afectaron severamente la tradicional cultura del vino argentina y amenazaba su desaparición, tal como ocurrió en otros antiguos enopolos latinoamericanos como Perú y México. Se detecta que la necesidad de exportar sus vinos fue uno de los móviles de la política imperialista de Francia en la cuenca del Plata. Asimismo, el vino fue importante para Rosas como parte de su estrategia de enodiplomacia. Se descubre que esta estrategia contribuyó a la exitosa política exterior de Rosas respecto a las Grandes Potencias de Europa, a la vez que sirvió para mantener viva la cultura del vino en Argentina y generar las condiciones para el posterior despegue de la industria vitivinícola nacional. En cierto modo, la estrategia de Rosas preservó la cultura del vino en Argentina, evitando lo que ocurrió en otros grandes enopolos hispanoamericanos como México y Perú, tradición que se ha mantenido viva hasta la actualidad.

Resumo Examina-se o papel do vinho durante o governo Rosas na Confederação Argentina (1829-1852), no quadro de relações externas tensas, nomeadamente devido ao bloqueio anglo-francês e às guerras civis que afectaram gravemente a tradicional cultura vitivinícola argentina e ameaçou seu desaparecimento, como ocorreu em outros antigos enópolos latino-americanos, como Perú e México. Detecta-se que a necessidade de exportar seus vinhos foi um dos motivos da política imperialista da França na bacia do Prata. Da mesma forma, o vinho foi importante para Rosas como parte da sua estratégia de enodiplomacia. Descobre-se que esta estratégia contribuiu para o sucesso da política externa de Rosas em relação às Grandes Potências da Europa, ao mesmo tempo que serviu para manter viva a cultura do vinho na Argentina e gerar as condições para o posterior arranque da indústria vitivinícola nacional. De certa forma, a estratégia de Rosas preservou a cultura do vinho na Argentina, evitando o que aconteceu em outras grandes vinícolas latino-americanas, como México e Perú, tradição que permanece viva até os dias atuais.

Resumo Este artigo investiga os fundamentos econômicos que facilitaram a liderança de Buenos Aires em sua disputa com a Confederação Argentina durante o período de 1852 a 1862. Ao contrário de parte da literatura que destaca a importância das reformas fiscais e monetárias promovidas pelas autoridades portenhas como causa da estabilização econômica e institucional da província, o trabalho argumenta que o elemento decisivo para resolver a disputa foi o histórico poder financeiro conferido pela moeda fiduciária. Esse poder permitiu um financiamento militar praticamente ilimitado, sem alterações significativas após a batalha de Caseros. Para respaldar essa hipótese, são considerados trabalhos destacados da historiografia argentina. 185 1862 província fiduciária ilimitado Caseros hipótese argentina 18 186 1

Abstract This article analyzes the economic foundations that facilitated the leadership of Buenos Aires in its dispute with the Argentine Confederation during the period 1852-1862. Unlike a part of the literature that emphasizes the relevance of the fiscal and monetary reforms promoted by the Buenos Aires authorities (as a cause of the economic and institutional stabilization of that province), the work proposes that the decisive aspect to settle the dispute was the historical financial power that its fiduciary currency conferred on it. This power allowed it a practically unlimited military financing, which was not altered after the Battle of Caseros. For these purposes, distinguished works of Argentine historiography that support the sustained hypothesis are considered. 18521862. 18521862 1852 1862. 1862 1852-1862 as province, province , province) financing Caseros purposes considered 1852186 185 186 1852-186 185218 18 1852-18 18521 1 1852-1 1852-

Resumen Este artículo indaga los fundamentos económicos que facilitaron el liderazgo de Buenos Aires en su disputa con la Confederación Argentina, durante el período 1852-1862. A diferencia de una parte de la literatura que enfatiza la relevancia de las reformas fiscales y monetarias impulsadas por las autoridades porteñas como causa de la estabilización económica e institucional de esa provincia, el trabajo plantea que el aspecto decisivo para dirimir la disputa fue el histórico poder financiero que le confirió su moneda fiduciaria. Dicho poder le permitió un financiamiento militar prácticamente ilimitado, que no tuvo alteraciones con posterioridad a la batalla de Caseros. A estos fines se consideran trabajos distinguidos de la historiografía argentina que respaldan la hipótesis sostenida. JEL: E42, H77, N46. Argentina 18521862. 18521862 1852 1862. 1862 1852-1862 provincia fiduciaria ilimitado Caseros sostenida JEL E42 E H77 H N46 N 1852186 185 186 1852-186 E4 H7 N4 185218 18 1852-18 18521 1 1852-1 1852-

ABSTRACT: Animal feed has been considered an important vehicle for introducing Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in pig farms. Salmonella survival and persistence in feed mill environments have been associated with biofilm-forming ability. This study evaluated 54 Salmonella isolates from swine-feed mills for: i. phenotypic expression of curli fimbriae and cellulose; ii. pellicle formation at the air-liquid interface; iii. adhesion on polystyrene microtiter plates; and iv. the presence of the main genes associated with biofilm formation. Regarding phenotypic cell morphology assays, all Salmonella isolates presented morphotype RDAR at 28 °C and SAW at 37 °C. Rigid pellicle formation at the air-liquid interface was observed in 51.85% (28/54), while fragile pellicle was seen in 18.52% (10/54), and 29.62% (16/54) were not able to produce pellicle. Biofilm quantification on polystyrene microtiter plates showed that 98.15% (53/54) of Salmonella isolates were able to form biofilms at 28 °C, while 83.33% (45/54) of the isolates were classified as non-adherent at 37 °C. The genes csgD, fimA, adrA, and bapA were found in all isolates evaluated. These results indicated that Salmonella serovars from swine-feed mills have the biofilm-forming ability. ABSTRACT subsp farms biofilmforming forming ability 5 swinefeed swine i cellulose ii airliquid air liquid iii iv assays 2 C 3 5185 51 85 51.85 28/54, 2854 28/54 , (28/54) 1852 18 52 18.52 10/54, 1054 10/54 10 (10/54) 2962 29 62 29.62 16/54 1654 16 (16/54 9815 98 15 98.15 53/54 5354 53 (53/54 8333 83 33 83.33 45/54 4554 45 (45/54 nonadherent non adherent csgD fimA adrA 518 8 51.8 285 28/5 (28/54 185 1 18.5 105 10/5 (10/54 296 6 29.6 16/5 165 (16/5 981 9 98.1 53/5 535 (53/5 833 83.3 45/5 455 4 (45/5 51. 28/ (28/5 18. 10/ (10/5 29. 16/ (16/ 98. 53/ (53/ 83. 45/ (45/ (28/ (10/ (16 (53 (45 (28 (10 (1 (5 (4 (2 (

RESUMO: A ração animal tem sido considerada um importante veículo para a introdução de Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica em granjas de suínos. A sobrevivência e persistência de Salmonella em ambientes de fábricas de rações têm sido associadas a capacidade de formação de biofilme. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar 54 isolados de Salmonella provenientes de fábricas de rações para suínos quanto: i. expressão fenotípica de fimbria curli e celulose; ii. formação de película na interface ar-líquido; iii. adesão em microplacas de poliestireno e iv. a presença dos principais genes associados a formação de biofilme. Quanto aos ensaios fenotípicos de morfologia celular, todos os isolados de Salmonella apresentaram o morfotipo RDAR a 28 °C e SAW a 37 °C. A formação de uma película rígida na interface ar-líquido foi observada em 51,85% (28/54) dos isolados, enquanto uma película frágil foi observada em 18,52% (10/54) e 29,62% dos isolados não foram capazes de produzir película. A quantificação de biofilme em microplacas de poliestireno mostrou que 98,15% (53/54) dos isolados de Salmonella foram capazes de formar biofilme a 28 °C, enquanto que 83,33% (45/54) dos isolados foram classificados como não aderentes a 37 °C. Os genes csgD, fimA, adrA e bapA foram encontrados em todos os isolados estudados. Esses resultados indicam que os sorovares de Salmonella oriundos de fábricas de rações para suínos possuem capacidade de formação de biofilme. RESUMO subsp sentido 5 quanto i celulose ii arlíquido ar líquido iii iv celular 2 C 3 5185 51 85 51,85 28/54 2854 (28/54 1852 18 52 18,52 10/54 1054 10 (10/54 2962 29 62 29,62 9815 98 15 98,15 53/54 5354 53 (53/54 8333 83 33 83,33 45/54 4554 45 (45/54 csgD fimA estudados 518 8 51,8 28/5 285 (28/5 185 1 18,5 10/5 105 (10/5 296 6 29,6 981 9 98,1 53/5 535 (53/5 833 83,3 45/5 455 4 (45/5 51, 28/ (28/ 18, 10/ (10/ 29, 98, 53/ (53/ 83, 45/ (45/ (28 (10 (53 (45 (2 (1 (5 (4 (

Scaffolds are devices with interconnected pores that favor cell interaction and proliferation. They play a significant role in tissue engineering, as they mimic the conditions of tissue production in vivo. The aim of this study was to synthesize scaffolds of chitosan, collagen, and Jatropha mollissima by lyophilization and characterize their chemical/biodegradability and morphological properties. For that, techniques of optical microscopy, infrared spectrometry, biodegradation test, and degree of swelling were performed. A 2% (m/v) chitosan/collagen (1:9) in lactic acid solution was produced. Then, Jatropha mollissima crude extract was added to this solution in different proportions of mass (5, 10, and 15%). Optical microscope images indicated the three-dimensional network formation with interconnected pores and predominantly lamellar shape. Through infrared spectrometry, characteristic bands indicated a physical mixture. Also, the swelling degree of all samples was proportional to the amount of Jatropha mollissima extract with the highest percentage of 1852%. Biodegradation test also revealed a proportional ratio between the amount of sap used and the degraded percentage with the lowest value of around 35% in 28 days. In conclusion, it can be inferred that the scaffolds produced show potential to be used in tissue engineering as dressings. proliferation vivo chitosan collagen chemicalbiodegradability chemical biodegradability properties microscopy spectrometry performed 2 m/v mv m v (m/v chitosancollagen 19 1 9 (1:9 Then 5, 5 (5 10 15%. 15 15% . 15%) threedimensional three dimensional shape mixture Also 1852 1852% 35 days conclusion dressings (1: ( 185 3 (1 18

Resumen La Ley Electoral de 1855 o Ley de los Círculos prometía modificar la representación parlamentaria de Brasil mediante el voto por distrito y la inelegibilidad. ¿Qué impacto tuvo esta ley en la provincia con mayor bancada del Imperio? Este estudio identificó y comparó el perfil de la representación de Minas Gerais elegida antes y después de la reforma, utilizando diversas fuentes: almanaques, revistas, informes presidenciales, debates parlamentarios y biografías. Se concluyó que la Ley de los Círculos incluyó diversidad a los partidos y debutó a las elites locales de Minas Gerais en la Cámara de Diputados. Como resultado, en 1860 se adoptó una nueva ley para reducir su imprevisibilidad. 185 inelegibilidad Qué Imperio reforma fuentes almanaques revistas presidenciales biografías Diputados resultado 186 imprevisibilidad 18 1

Abstract The Election Law of 1855, or Lei dos Círculos, promised to change the Brazilian parliamentary representation with district vote and ineligibilities. What is the impact of this law in the province with the largest number of chairs in the Empire? This study identified and compared the profile of the representation of Minas Gerais elected before and after the reform, making use of several sources: almanacs, periodicals, presidential reports, parliamentary debates, and biographies. In conclusion the Lei de Círculos brought party diversity and debuted local elites from Minas Gerais in the Chamber of Deputies. Thus, a new law was adopted in 1860 to reduce its unpredictability. 1855 ineligibilities Empire reform sources almanacs periodicals reports debates biographies Deputies Thus 186 unpredictability 185 18 1

Resumo A Lei Eleitoral de 1855, ou Lei dos Círculos, prometia alterar a representação parlamentar brasileira por meio do voto distrital e das inelegibilidades. Qual o impacto dessa lei na província com a maior bancada do Império? Este estudo identificou e comparou o perfil da representação de Minas Gerais eleita antes e depois da reforma, recorrendo a diversas fontes: almanaques, periódicos, relatórios presidenciais, debates parlamentares e biografias. Concluiu-se que a Lei dos Círculos trouxe diversidade partidária e estreia de elites locais mineiras na Câmara dos Deputados. Diante disso, nova lei foi adotada em 1860 a fim de reduzir sua imprevisibilidade. 1855 inelegibilidades Império reforma fontes almanaques periódicos presidenciais biografias Concluiuse Concluiu se Deputados disso 186 imprevisibilidade 185 18 1

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess maternal mortality (MM) in Brazilian Black, Pardo, and White women. METHODS We evaluated the maternal mortality rate (MMR) using data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health public databases from 2017 to 2022. We compared MMR among Black, Pardo, and White women according to the region of the country, age, and cause. For statistical analysis, the Q2 test prevalence ratio (PR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS From 2017 to 2022, the general MMR was 68.0/100,000 live births (LB). The MMR was almost twice as high among Black women compared to White (125.81 vs 64.15, PR = 1.96, 95%CI:1.84–2.08) and Pardo women (125.8 vs 64.0, PR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.85–2.09). MMR was higher among Black women in all geographical regions, and the Southeast region reached the highest difference among Black and White women (115.5 versus 60.8, PR = 2.48, 95%CI: 2.03–3.03). During the covid-19 pandemic, MMR increased in all groups of women (Black 144.1, Pardo 74.8 and White 80.5/100.000 LB), and the differences between Black and White (PR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.64–1.95) and Black and Pardo (PR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.77–2.09) remained. MMR was significantly higher among Black women than among White or Pardo women in all age ranges and for all causes. CONCLUSION Black women presented higher MMR in all years, in all geographic regions, age groups, and causes. In Brazil, Black skin color is a key MM determinant. Reducing MM requires reducing racial disparities. (MM (MMR 201 2022 country cause analysis Q CI (CI calculated 680100000 68 0 100 000 68.0/100,00 LB. LB . (LB) 125.81 12581 125 81 6415 64 15 64.15 196 1 96 1.96 95%CI1.84–2.08 95CI184208 95%CI 1.84–2.08 95 84 2 08 95%CI:1.84–2.08 125.8 1258 8 (125. 640 64.0 95CI 1.85–2.09. 185209 1.85–2.09 85 09 1.85–2.09) regions 115.5 1155 115 5 (115. 608 60 60.8 248 48 2.48 2.03–3.03. 203303 2.03–3.03 03 3 2.03–3.03) covid19 covid 19 covid-1 pandemic 1441 144 144.1 748 74 74. 805100000 80 80.5/100.00 LB, , LB) 179 79 1.79 1.64–1.95 164195 192 92 1.92 1.77–2.09 177209 77 remained causes years Brazil determinant disparities 20 202 68010000 6 10 00 68.0/100,0 (LB 12 641 64.1 9 1.9 CI1 95%CI1.84–2.0 95CI18420 184208 1.84–2.0 95%CI:1.84–2.0 125. (125 64. 18520 1.85–2.0 115. 11 (115 60. 24 4 2.4 20330 2.03–3.0 covid1 covid- 14 144. 7 80510000 80.5/100.0 17 1.7 1.64–1.9 16419 1.77–2.0 17720 6801000 68.0/100, 1. 95%CI1.84–2. 95CI1842 18420 1.84–2. 95%CI:1.84–2. (12 1852 1.85–2. (11 2. 2033 2.03–3. 8051000 80.5/100. 1.64–1. 1641 1.77–2. 1772 680100 68.0/100 95%CI1.84–2 95CI184 1842 1.84–2 95%CI:1.84–2 (1 185 1.85–2 203 2.03–3 805100 80.5/100 1.64–1 164 1.77–2 177 68010 68.0/10 95%CI1.84– 95CI18 184 1.84– 95%CI:1.84– ( 18 1.85– 2.03– 80510 80.5/10 1.64– 16 1.77– 6801 68.0/1 95%CI1.84 95CI1 1.84 95%CI:1.84 1.85 2.03 8051 80.5/1 1.64 1.77 680 68.0/ 95%CI1.8 1.8 95%CI:1.8 2.0 805 80.5/ 1.6 68.0 95%CI1. 95%CI:1. 80.5 68. 95%CI1 95%CI:1 80.

Abstract Intermediate metabolism and oxidative balance markers help to better understand environmental dynamics and how they influence the physiological patterns of organisms. Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), a crayfish native to the United States of America and Mexico, represents an appealing case study for understanding invasive species’ metabolic dynamics. This species has sexual dimorphism and two male morphotypes: reproductive (M1) and non-reproductive (M2). We evaluated the seasonal variations of biomarkers in M1 and M2 males, collected in each season of 2016 at Parque Alfredo Volpi (São Paulo, Brazil). Hemolymph, hepatopancreas and abdominal muscle samples were extracted to determine markers of intermediate metabolism, oxidative balance, the hepatosomatic index and the stomach repletion degree. The results showed differences between the two male morphotypes. M1 showed a predominance of medium to full stomachs throughout the year, with an allocation of energetic substrates mainly used in reproduction (gametogenesis and reproductive behaviors). They also presented increased lipoperoxidation, SOD and GST activities. M2, on the other hand, had a lower capacity to allocate energy reserves in the period leading up to and during reproduction, which may be associated with a lower degree of gastric repletion. However, M2 maintained alternating antioxidant strategies that helped preserve low levels of lipoperoxidation in the hepatopancreas throughout the year. This pattern observed for the degree of gastric repletion indicates an intraspecific competition between the categories of males, which, together with the profile of energy reserve usage, seems decisive for M2 to reproduce. organisms Girard, Girard (Girard 1852, 1852 , 1852) Mexico morphotypes M (M1 nonreproductive non M2. . (M2) males 201 São Paulo Brazil. Brazil Brazil) Hemolymph year gametogenesis behaviors. behaviors behaviors) activities hand However usage reproduce 185 (M (M2 20 18 2 1

Abstract We examine the valuation of yerba mate as a regional agro-food heritage in the process of the construction of the Americanist ideology during the administration of Juan Manuel de Rosas at the head of the Argentine Confederation. The yerba mate culture was deeply rooted in Southern Cone society in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but, after independence, British commercial strategy sought to replace it with tea, an imperial product that served their interests. This project was successful in several territories, for example in Chile, where the elite followed the fashion imposed by the British. But in the Río de la Plata, Rosas was determined to promote and strengthen the mate culture as a strategic means of asserting an Americanist identity and resisting European neo-colonial pretensions. With this attitude, Rosas was a pioneer in the valuation of the regional agro-food heritage. agrofood agro food Confederation centuries but independence tea interests territories Chile Plata neocolonial neo colonial pretensions attitude

Resumo Examina-se a valorização da erva-mate como patrimônio agroalimentar regional, no processo de construção da ideologia americanista durante a gestão de Juan Manuel de Rosas à frente da Confederação Argentina. Detecta-se que a cultura da erva-mate ganhou fortes raízes na sociedade do Cone Sul nos séculos XVII e XVIII, mas, após a independência, a estratégia comercial britânica procurou substituí-la pelo chá, produto imperial funcional aos seus interesses. Esse projeto teve sucesso em diversos territórios, como o Chile, onde a elite seguiu a moda imposta pelos ingleses. Mas, no Rio da Prata, Rosas estava determinado a promover e fortalecer a cultura do mate, como meio estratégico de afirmar a identidade americanista e a resistência às pretensões neocoloniais europeias. Com essa atitude, Rosas foi pioneiro na valorização do patrimônio agroalimentar regional. Examinase Examina se ervamate erva mate regional Argentina Detectase Detecta XVIII mas independência substituíla substituí la chá interesses territórios Chile ingleses Mas Prata europeias atitude

Resumen Se examina la valoración de la yerba mate como patrimonio agroalimentario regional, en el proceso de construcción del ideario americanista durante la gestión de Juan Manuel de Rosas al frente de la Confederación Argentina. Se detecta que la cultura de la yerba mate alcanzó un fuerte arraigo en la sociedad del Cono Sur en los siglos XVII y XVIII, pero, después de la independencia, la estrategia comercial británica procuró sustituirla por el té, producto imperial funcional a sus intereses. Este proyecto tuvo éxito en varios territorios, como por ejemplo en Chile, donde la élite se plegó a la moda impuesta por los ingleses. Pero en el Río de la Plata, Rosas se empeñó en promover y fortalecer la cultura del mate, como medio estratégico de afirmar la identidad americanista y de resistencia a las pretensiones neocoloniales europeas. Con esta actitud, Rosas fue un pionero en la valoración del patrimonio agroalimentario regional. regional Argentina XVIII pero independencia té intereses territorios Chile ingleses Plata europeas actitud

Abstract First teratological case in the small milkweed bug Lygaeus analis is described. The malformation corresponds to a left cephalic hemiatrophy with ocular reduction. The case is described on basis of a Mexican specimen. Possible causes of the malformation are discussed and analyzed.

Resumen Se describe el primer caso teratológico para Lygaeus analis, correspondiente a una hemiatrofia cefálica izquierda con reducción ocular, en base a un ejemplar proveniente de México. Se discuten y analizan las posibles causas de la malformación.

Abstract Regions are not given or ready to be just unveiled. Regions are also the result of social processes manifested in practices and discourses. In nineteenth-century Brazil, the geographical and political vocabulary gave significant prominence to the administrative unit called the province, leaving the idea of region out of the political debate. However, the Brazilian regions had their emergency movements in the second half of the 19th century. In this sense, this article aims to analyze the institutionalization of the Amazon region through the speeches of Amazonian political representatives in the Brazilian Parliament. It is understood that these discourses developed a political regionalism in this area, in the sense of contributing to the aforementioned institutionalization process, that is, in the institutional set-up of ways to delimit, name, and signify the region. Amazon Valley and the Amazon region were nomenclatures that represented the regional reconfiguration of the former province of Grão-Pará, as with the creation of the province of Amazonas, in 1852, northern representatives forged a new regional entity, this time provisionally called Vale do Amazonas and consolidated with the name of Amazon. unveiled nineteenthcentury nineteenth century Brazil debate However th Parliament area process setup set up delimit GrãoPará, GrãoPará Grão Pará, Pará Grão-Pará 1852 entity 185 18 1

Resumo As regiões não estão dadas ou prontas para serem apenas descortinadas. São também resultado de processos sociais manifestados em práticas e discursos. No Brasil oitocentista, o vocabulário geográfico e político concedeu maior destaque à unidade administrativa chamada de província, deixando a ideia de região fora do debate político. Os movimentos de emergência das regiões brasileiras ocorreram, todavia, ainda na segunda metade do século XIX. Nesse sentido, este artigo objetiva analisar a institucionalização da região amazônica através dos discursos dos representantes políticos liberais amazônicos no parlamento brasileiro e na imprensa paraense. Compreende-se que tais discursos desenvolveram um regionalismo político nessa área, de modo a contribuir para o citado processo de institucionalização, ou seja, na montagem institucional de formas de delimitar, nomear e significar a região. Os termos ‘Vale do Amazonas’ e ‘região amazônica’ cunharam nomenclaturas que representaram a reconfiguração regional da antiga província do Grão-Pará, pois, com a criação da província do Amazonas, em 1852, os representantes nortistas forjaram uma nova entidade regional, desta feita, chamada provisoriamente de Vale do Amazonas e consolidada com o nome de Amazônia. descortinadas oitocentista ocorreram todavia XIX sentido paraense Compreendese Compreende se área seja delimitar GrãoPará, GrãoPará Grão Pará, Pará Grão-Pará pois 1852 feita Amazônia 185 18 1

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the accuracy of corneal tomography with Scheimpflug images (Pentacam® AXL, OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany) in scanning patterns with 25 and 50 images, by analyzing their repeatability and reproducibility in normal eyes, eyes with keratoconus and with keratoconus after crosslinking. Methods Prospective, cross-sectional, mixed study including patients who had normal corneas, or who had keratoconus, who had not undergone corneal surgery, with the exception of crosslinking. Patients who had undergone surgery for intracorneal ring implantation or corneal transplantation were excluded. Three measurements were performed with 25 images and three measurements were performed with 50 images on each eye included in the study. Results The study evaluated a total of 54 eyes of 41 patients. Of these, 10 (18.52%) eyes had normal corneas, without previous eye surgery, 22 (40.74%) were eyes with keratoconus, without previous eye surgery, and 22 (40.74%) were eyes with keratoconus, with crosslinking for keratoconus. In the study of repeatability, we noticed a greater variation of values in all indices in patients with KC compared to those with normal eyes, in most of the parameters analyzed. Conclusion There is no significant difference between the scanning methods with 25 and 50 images. However, 25 scans has advantages that make it the main method suggested. The presence of keratoconus has a negative impact on the repeatability of both types of examination, and there is great agreement between the methods in the three groups studied. The high repeatability coefficient in some parameters suggests that these data should be used with care in the assessment of keratoconus progression. Pentacam® Pentacam (Pentacam AXL OCULUS Wetzlar Germany 2 5 Prospective crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional corneas excluded 4 1 18.52% 1852 18 52 (18.52% 40.74% 4074 40 74 (40.74% analyzed However suggested examination studied progression 18.52 185 (18.52 40.74 407 7 (40.74 18.5 (18.5 40.7 (40.7 18. (18. 40. (40. (18 (40 (1 (4 (

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a precisão da tomografia corneana com imagens de Scheimpflug (Pentacam® AXL, OCULUS, Wetzlar, Alemanha) nos padrões de escaneamento com 25 e 50 imagens, verificando sua repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade em olhos normais, com ceratocone e com ceratocone após crosslinking. Métodos Estudo prospectivo, transversal, misto, no qual foram incluídos os pacientes que tinham córneas normais, ou com ceratocone; e não tinham realizado cirurgias corneanas, com exceção do crosslinking. Foram excluídos os pacientes que tivessem realizado outras cirurgias, como implante de anel intracorneano ou transplante de córnea. Foram realizadas três medidas com 25 imagens e três medidas com 50 imagens em cada olho incluído no estudo. Resultados O estudo avaliou 54 olhos de 41 pacientes. Destes, dez (18,52%) olhos eram com córneas normais e sem cirurgia ocular prévia aleatoriamente selecionados de 5 pacientes; 22 (40,74%) olhos aleatoriamente selecionados de 18 pacientes com ceratocone, sem cirurgia ocular prévia; e 22 (40,74%) olhos com ceratocone de 18 pacientes operados por crosslinking. No estudo da repetibilidade, percebemos uma maior variação de valores em todos os índices nos pacientes com ceratocone comparados aos de pacientes com olhos normais, em grande parte dos parâmetros analisados. Conclusão Não houve diferença significativa entre os métodos de escaneamento por 25 e 50 imagens, sendo o escaneamento por 25 imagens mais conveniente. A presença de ceratocone teve impacto negativo na repetibilidade de ambos os tipos de exame, e foi grande a concordância entre os métodos nos três grupos estudados. O coeficiente de repetibilidade permite considerar a relevância clínica dos dados para avaliar a progressão de ceratocone. Pentacam® Pentacam (Pentacam AXL OCULUS Wetzlar Alemanha 2 crosslinking prospectivo transversal misto corneanas córnea 4 Destes 18,52% 1852 52 (18,52% 40,74% 4074 40 74 (40,74% 1 analisados conveniente exame estudados 18,52 185 (18,52 40,74 407 7 (40,74 18,5 (18,5 40,7 (40,7 18, (18, 40, (40, (18 (40 (1 (4 (

ABSTRACT The assessment of plant extinction is strongly influenced by the number of populations and the number of localities found for the species target. A larger population and a large number of localities, the results of the assessment will be easier to conclude. However, if the population and location of the plant are not known, even if there is only one location recorded in the herbarium, then there is a challenge in determining the final result of the assessment. This paper will reveal the challenges and the final results of the assessment where only one location is known based on the herbarium records. The species is Beilschmiedia lancifolia Miq. The species was first published in 1852 collected from Mount Ungaran, Indonesia. There have been no additional records of B. lancifolia since its first collection. To update the conservation status of the species, we conducted population assessment in Mount Ungaran using a focused survey method. In spite of the intensive surveys on each side of Mount Ungaran within the species’ known elevation range, we could not find a single individual of B. lancifolia. Based on our findings, we proposed to add the Possibly Extinct (PE) to the present status of B. lancifolia. target conclude However Miq 185 Indonesia B collection method range findings PE (PE 18 1

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of repeated pregnancy in adolescence and its association with early marriage and education level. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted by searching the Live Births Data System. The study included all adolescents in the age group 10–19 years with live births from 2015 to 2019 (n=2,405,248), divided into three groups: G1: primiparas; G2: with 1 previous pregnancy; and G3: with two or more previous pregnancies. RESULTS: Total repeated pregnancies remained stable, along the years. In the age group 10–14 years, the decrease in the period was from 5.0 to 4.7%, whereas in the age group 15–19 years, it was from 27.8 to 27.3%. Being married or in a stable union increases by 96% the chance of repeated pregnancy in the age group 10–14 years (p<0.001; OR=1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85–2.09). In the age group 15–19 years, the chance of repeated pregnancy among the married or in stable union increased 40% (p<0.001; OR=1.40; 95%CI 1.39–1.41)). Girls aged 10–14 years with an education level of<8 years had a 64% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=1.64; 95%CI 1.53–1.75), and among those aged 15–19 years, there was a 137% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=2.37; 95%CI 2.35–2.38). CONCLUSION: Repeated pregnancy in adolescence in Brazil remains very high over the years. There is an association between low education level and early marriage with repeated pregnancies in adolescence. OBJECTIVE METHODS crosssectional cross sectional System 1019 10 19 10–1 201 n=2,405,248, n2405248 n n=2,405,248 , 2 405 248 (n=2,405,248) groups G1 G primiparas G2 G3 RESULTS 1014 14 50 5 0 5. 47 4 7 4.7% 1519 15 15–1 278 27 8 27. 273 3 27.3% 96 p<0.001 p0001 p 001 (p<0.001 OR=1.96 OR196 OR 95 CI [CI 1.85–2.09. 185209 1.85–2.09 . 85 09 1.85–2.09) 40 OR=1.40 OR140 95CI 1.39–1.41. 139141 1.39–1.41 39 41 1.39–1.41)) of8 of< 64 OR=1.64 OR164 1.53–1.75, 153175 1.53–1.75 53 75 1.53–1.75) 137 OR=2.37 OR237 37 2.35–2.38. 235238 2.35–2.38 35 38 2.35–2.38) CONCLUSION 101 10– 20 n240524 n=2,405,24 24 (n=2,405,248 4.7 151 15– 27.3 9 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 OR=1.9 OR19 18520 1.85–2.0 OR=1.4 OR14 13914 1.39–1.4 1.39–1.41) 6 OR=1.6 OR16 15317 1.53–1.7 13 OR=2.3 OR23 23523 2.35–2.3 n24052 n=2,405,2 (n=2,405,24 4. p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 OR=1. OR1 1852 1.85–2. 1391 1.39–1. 1531 1.53–1. OR=2. OR2 2352 2.35–2. n2405 n=2,405, (n=2,405,2 p<0. p0 (p<0. OR=1 185 1.85–2 139 1.39–1 153 1.53–1 OR=2 235 2.35–2 n240 n=2,405 (n=2,405, p<0 (p<0 OR= 18 1.85– 1.39– 1.53– 23 2.35– n24 n=2,40 (n=2,405 p< (p< 1.85 1.39 1.53 2.35 n2 n=2,4 (n=2,40 (p 1.8 1.3 1.5 2.3 n=2, (n=2,4 1. 2. n=2 (n=2, n= (n=2 (n= (n