Résumé Cet article a pour but de démontrer la pertinence de l´approche transversale des chiffres et des cartes afin de mettre en évidence le pouvoir performatif qui se dégage de leurs intersections tecnhopolitiques telles que le concept de densité de population et la régionalisation du territoire. Appliquée au Brésil, l´étude croisée met en lumière des aspects du processus de construction de l´État, de la centralisation de l´autorité politique et de la création de nouvelles catégories de personnes et d´espaces de gouvernement. Pour ce faire, les tendances qui ont rapproché la statistique et la cartographie au cours de l´Empire brésilien y sont annalysées, en comprenant leur rôle en tant qu´instruments descriptifs du pouvoir souverain. De même, l´article aborde les circonstances qui conduissent à l´importance croissante des chiffres et des cartes comme une référente commune pour l´action collective et la production d´identités sociales. Basé sur le cadre de la sociologie de la quantification, l´article s´intéresse à l´émergence de la cartographie statistique et la régionalisation croissante des données officielles entre les années 1920 et 1940, liée à une nouvelle façon de definir la «brésilité », d´ordonner le territoire et de gouverner la population. On conclut que quantifier, c´est aussi visualiser et imaginer des grandeurs démographiques et économiques dans une spatialité cohérente et unitaire une fois stabilisée par des conventions d´équivalence. lapproche l approche Brésil létude étude lÉtat État l´État lautorité autorité despaces d espaces gouvernement faire lEmpire Empire annalysées quinstruments qu instruments souverain même larticle limportance importance laction action didentités identités sociales quantification sintéresse s intéresse lémergence émergence 192 1940 brésilité » dordonner ordonner quantifier cest c est déquivalence équivalence d´équivalence 19 194 1

Abstract This article takes a cross-disciplinary approach to numbers and maps to demonstrate the performative power that emerges from their technopolitical intersections, such as the concept of population density and regional delineation of territory. Applied to the Brazilian context, this combined analysis sheds light on aspects related to the construction of State authority and its power to create categories of people and places. To do so, this paper examines trends that bring statistics and cartography together in the Brazilian Empire, indicating a common status for maps and numbers as descriptive instruments of sovereign power, including their modes of use and conditions for producing and validating truth. Subsequently, it addresses the factors leading to the growing importance of numbers and maps for collective action and the production of shared identities. Drawing on references from the sociology of quantification, this paper focuses on the emergence of statistical cartography and the increasing regionalization of official data between the 1920s and 1940s – linked to a new way of defining Brazilian identity, organizing territory, and managing population. It concludes that quantifying is also visualizing demographic and economic quantities in a coherent and unitary spatiality, once stabilized by conventions of equivalence. crossdisciplinary cross disciplinary intersections territory context places so Empire truth Subsequently identities quantification s identity spatiality equivalence

Resumen Este artículo realiza un abordaje cruzado de números y mapas con el fin de evidenciar el poder performativo que emerge de sus intersecciones tecnopolíticas, como el concepto de densidad poblacional y el recorte regional del territorio. Aplicado al caso brasilero, el análisis combinado ilustra aspectos relativos a la construcción de la autoridad del Estado y su poder de crear categorías de personas y lugares. Para ese propósito, examinamos las tendencias que aproximan la estadística de la cartografía en Brasil Imperio y que indican un estatuto común a mapas y números como instrumentos descriptivos del poder soberano, sus modalidades de uso y sus condiciones de producción y validación de la verdad. Luego, abordamos los factores que conducen a la creciente importancia de los números y de los mapas para la acción colectiva y para la producción de identidades compartidas. Con base en las referencias de la sociología de la cuantificación, nos enfocamos en la emergencia de la cartografía estadística y en la creciente regionalización de los datos oficiales entre las décadas de 1920 y 1940, vinculadas a un nuevo modo de definir la “brasilidad”, ordenar el territorio y administrar la población. Concluimos que cuantificar es también visualizar cantidades demográficas y económicas en una espacialidad coherente y unitaria, una vez estabilizada por convenciones de equivalencia. tecnopolíticas brasilero lugares propósito soberano verdad Luego compartidas cuantificación 192 1940 brasilidad, brasilidad , “brasilidad” población unitaria equivalencia 19 194 “brasilidad 1

Resumo Este artigo realiza uma abordagem cruzada de números e mapas de modo a evidenciar o poder performativo que emerge de suas interseções tecnopolíticas, como o conceito de densidade populacional e o recorte regional do território. Aplicada ao caso brasileiro, a análise combinada ilumina aspectos relativos à construção da autoridade do Estado e seu poder de criar categorias de pessoas e lugares. Para tanto, examinamos as tendências que aproximam a estatística da cartografia no Brasil Império e que indicam um estatuto comum a mapas e números enquanto instrumentos descritivos do poder soberano, como suas modalidades de uso, e suas condições de produção e validação da verdade. Na sequência, abordamos os fatores que levam à crescente importância dos números e dos mapas para a ação coletiva e para a produção de identidades compartilhadas. Com base nas referências da sociologia da quantificação, enfocamos a emergência da cartografia estatística e a crescente regionalização dos dados oficiais, entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940, ligadas a um novo modo de definir a brasilidade, ordenar o território e gerir a população. Concluímos que quantificar é também visualizar quantidades demográficas e econômicas em uma espacialidade coerente e unitária, uma vez estabilizada por convenções de equivalência. tecnopolíticas brasileiro lugares tanto soberano uso verdade sequência compartilhadas quantificação oficiais 192 1940 brasilidade população unitária equivalência 19 194 1

Schiff bases are diverse organic compounds with an azomethine structure (–C=N–), holding potential in both chemistry and biology. They serve as catalysts, stabilizers, and exhibit various biological activities. The molecular structure of Schiff bases influences their biological properties, including antimicrobial effects. Redox-active compounds with more negative potentials tend to be more effective against microbes. In one of our recent studies, we explored the antimicrobial properties of two Schiff bases derivatives, SB-1 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino) and SB-2 ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline). SB-1 showed antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria, while SB-2 did not. The difference in their cyclic voltametric profiles, especially SB-1’s more negative reduction potential, prompted us to carry out further characterizations, including scan-rate studies, solvent analysis, and computational calculations. We found that SB-1, which presents a stable intramolecular hydrogen bond, undergoes irreversible oxidation, likely at the –NH2 group, and a quasi-reversible reduction via an intramolecular reductive coupling of the (–C=N–) azomethine group, supported by orbital theoretical calculations. This research sheds light on the potential applications of Schiff bases in antimicrobial contexts, guided by their redox properties and structure. –C=N–, CN –C=N– , C N biology catalysts stabilizers activities effects Redoxactive Redox active microbes studies derivatives SB1 SB 1 SB- E4amino33,5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino335ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino Eaminoditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E 4 amino 3 3,5 di tert butyl 2 hydroxybenzylidene 5 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino SB2 E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline. E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline Enitrobenzilideneaminoaniline nitrobenzilidene aniline . ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline) Grampositive Gram positive bacteria not profiles SB1s SBs s characterizations scanrate scan rate analysis calculations SB1, 1, bond oxidation NH2 NH –NH group quasireversible quasi reversible (–C=N– contexts –C=N E4amino33 5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino ditertbutyl hydroxybenzylideneamino 35 3, nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline (–C=N Eamino E4amino3 ditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a most common form of dementia and results in memory loss, disorientation, impaired thinking and changes in personality as well as mood. The dementia cases mostly turn into the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Another disease, the Parkinson’s disease (PD), mainly affects dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. A series of previously synthesized quinolone-triazole hybrids were investigated and evaluated for their anti-acetyl cholinesterase and against monoamine oxidase reactive properties through in silico characterization. The ground state electronic properties were determined by electron density of the compounds through DFTs (density functional theory) calculation. The geometries of all compounds were optimized using Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) method and 6-311g basis set. Docking studies were conducted using the AutoDock and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and the results of the potent derivatives found to be encouraging. The data confirmed that all the compounds have drug-like properties and was further confirmed by ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) properties. Alzheimers Alzheimer s AD (AD loss disorientation mood AD. . Parkinsons Parkinson PD, PD , (PD) nigra quinolonetriazole quinolone triazole antiacetyl anti acetyl characterization theory calculation Becke3parameterLeeYangParr BeckeparameterLeeYangParr Becke 3 parameter Lee Yang Parr B3LYP BLYP B LYP (B3LYP 6311g g 6 311g set MOE (MOE encouraging druglike drug like absorption, absorption (absorption distribution metabolism toxicity (PD parameterLeeYangParr

Two novel alkyl thiophene-modified pyrene derivatives (1)-(2) were created and synthesized using palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling processes and Friedel-Crafts reaction of pyrene. The polycyclic aromatic groups of the thiophene-modified pyrene were oxidized with Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3)4] to provide the insensitive radical cations 1•+-2•+ based on the alkyl thiophene-modified pyrene derivatives. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, were used to investigate their structures and properties. The pyrene moieties were the primary location of the electron spin distribution, with a little overflow onto the outer thiophene moieties. Due to the different substituent groups, free radicals 1•+ 2•+ exhibit some different properties. Compound 1•+ is the most extensive thiophene-modified pyrene radical cation that has been reported. These species are anticipated to have wide-ranging potential in the areas of optoelectronic materials and semiconductors. thiophenemodified modified 12 1 2 (1)-(2 palladiumcatalyzed palladium catalyzed FriedelCrafts Friedel Crafts AgAlOCCF334 AgAlOCCF Ag Al OC CF3 3 4 CF Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3)4 1•+2•+ 1•+-2• NMR, NMR , (NMR) EPR, EPR (EPR) UVVis UV Vis spectroscopy DFT (DFT calculations properties distribution 1• 2• reported wideranging wide ranging semiconductors (1)-( AgAlOCCF33 Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3) 1•+2• 1•+-2 (NMR (EPR (1)- AgAlOCCF3 Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3 1•+2 1•+- (1) Ag[Al(OC(CF3) (1 Ag[Al(OC(CF3 ( Ag[Al(OC(CF

RESUMO A densidade de plantas e o espaçamento correto são fatores fundamentais para alcançar produtividade rentável e qualidade dos frutos em culturas agrícolas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a produtividade do tomateiro de crescimento determinado e as características físico-químicas dos frutos, em diferentes arranjos de plantio e densidades de plantas. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo que no primeiro experimento e no segundo experimento foram utilizados os híbridos CVR-2909 (CVR Plant Breeding) e HMX 7885 (Agristar), respectivamente. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos em esquema fatorial duplo (2 × 5). No primeiro fator, foram avaliados dois arranjos de plantio: linhas simples e linhas duplas. No segundo fator, foram avaliadas cinco densidades de plantas: 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 mil plantas ha-1. Para o híbrido CVR-2909, o cultivo em linhas simples proporcionou maior produtividade, já as maiores densidades de plantas resultaram em menor produção e número de frutos por planta. Para o híbrido HMX-7885, maiores densidades de plantas proporcionaram maior produtividade, porém com menor produção por planta, massa média e número de frutos por planta. Para esse híbrido o arranjo de plantio proporcionou maior taxa de frutos verdes. agrícolas físicoquímicas físico químicas CVR2909 CVR 2909 CVR-290 Breeding 788 Agristar, Agristar , (Agristar) respectivamente casualizados repetições 2 ( 5. 5 . 5) fator duplas 15 20 25 3 ha1. ha1 ha 1. 1 ha-1 CVR2909, 2909, planta HMX7885, HMX7885 7885, HMX-7885 verdes CVR290 290 CVR-29 78 (Agristar ha- HMX788 HMX-788 CVR29 29 CVR-2 7 HMX78 HMX-78 CVR2 CVR- HMX7 HMX-7 HMX-

ABSTRACT Plant density and correct row spacing are fundamental factors for achieving profitable yield and fruit quality in crops. This study aimed to evaluate the yield of tomato plants of determinate growth and the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits in different planting arrangements and plant densities. Two experiments were conducted using the hybrids CVR-2909 (CVR Plant Breeding) and HMX 7885 (Agristar) in the first and second experiments, respectively. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. Ten treatments were evaluated in a double factorial scheme (2 × 5). Two planting arrangements were evaluated in the first factor: single and double rows. The second factor comprised five plant densities: 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 thousand plants ha-1. For the CVR-2909 hybrid, single-row cultivation resulted in the highest yield, while higher planting densities gave the lowest yield and number of fruits per plant. For the HMX-7885 hybrid, it was found that higher densities gave higher yields but caused a decreasing effect on fruit production per plant, average fruit mass, and number of fruits per plant. For this hybrid, the planting arrangement provided a higher rate of green fruits. crops CVR2909 CVR 2909 CVR-290 Breeding 788 Agristar (Agristar respectively replicates 2 ( 5. 5 . 5) rows 15 20 25 30 3 ha1. ha1 ha 1. 1 ha-1 hybrid singlerow HMX7885 HMX-788 mass CVR290 290 CVR-29 78 ha- HMX788 HMX-78 CVR29 29 CVR-2 7 HMX78 HMX-7 CVR2 CVR- HMX7 HMX-

A new alkaloid, named brazoide Ε (6), three known steroids (campesterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), two glucosides (3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl stigmasterol) and sucrose were isolated from the leaves and stems of Justicia wasshauseniana. Their structures were characterized using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. To reinforce the structural proposal, an acetylated derivative (6a) was obtained and its data compared to 6. Moreover, circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) analysis was performed to determine the absolute stereochemistry, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at the wB97X-D/def2-TZVP level, adopting functionals M06-2X and wB97X-D and base aug-cc-pVDZ, was employed to confirm the CD analysis. alkaloid 6, 6 , (6) campesterol, campesterol (campesterol βsitosterol, βsitosterol β sitosterol, sitosterol β-sitosterol stigmasterol, stigmasterol 3OβDglucopyranosylsitosterol OβDglucopyranosylsitosterol 3 O D glucopyranosylsitosterol 3OβDglucopyranosyl OβDglucopyranosyl glucopyranosyl wasshauseniana highresolution high resolution HRESIMS, HRESIMS (HRESIMS) 1D NMR, NMR NMR) IR (IR proposal 6a a (6a Moreover (CD stereochemistry timedependent time dependent TDDFT TD DFT (TD-DFT wB97XD/def2TZVP wB97XDdef2TZVP wBXDdefTZVP wB97X D/def2 TZVP def2 wB X def level M062X MX M06 2X M wB97XD wBXD augccpVDZ, augccpVDZ aug cc pVDZ, pVDZ aug-cc-pVDZ (6 (HRESIMS def2TZVP XD XDdef wBX Ddef2 Ddef D/def M0 ( defTZVP

Asphaltenes are complex molecules with a tendency to aggregate. This property can be an issue for the oil industry due to CO2 reinjection into reservoirs to mitigate these gas emissions. The present theoretical study aimed to study the CO2 interaction with no-substitute and substituted coronene as an asphaltene model compound at CAM-B3LYP-D3/6-311G(d,p) level. The electronic properties were evaluated using harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and reduced density gradient (RDG) methods. The results showed that the coronene’s functionalization by a sulfur atom changes the coronene’s electronic structure. However, functionalization does not change the type of interactions between the monomers, as they remain predominantly van der Waals interactions. CO2 interaction with substituted coronene barely changed due to the presence of sulfur atoms. However, in dimers, the position of the heteroatom directly influences the interaction with CO2, although it is insufficient to change the interaction’s magnitude. For this reason, our results indicate that the sulfur heteroatom in asphaltenes should be addressed. However, new studies must be conducted by increasing the number of substituents, CO2 numbers, and the model size. aggregate CO emissions nosubstitute no substitute CAMB3LYPD3/6311Gd,p CAMB3LYPD36311Gdp CAMBLYPDGdp CAM B3LYP D3/6 311G d,p D3 6 d p B LYP D G CAM-B3LYP-D3/6-311G(d,p level HOMA, HOMA , (HOMA) QTAIM, QTAIM (QTAIM) RDG (RDG methods coronenes s structure However monomers dimers magnitude reason addressed substituents numbers size CAMB3LYPD3 6311Gd CAMB LYPD Gd Gdp BLYP D36 D3/ dp (HOMA (QTAIM CAMBLYPD CAMB3LYPD

Abstract Sisal (Agave sisalana) is a plant exploited in semi-arid regions of Brazil for fiber production, but the floral scape of sisal (peduncle) is collected and often burned, causing environmental problems, even through irregular disposal. To circumvent this scenario, the objective of this work was to produce reconstituted panels using the sisal arrow and castor-based polyurethane resin. The panels were obtained using 175 g of crushed sisal arrow core with dimensions smaller than 2 mm and adopting 10% castor-based polyurethane resin and The samples were pressed under tension of 2 MPa. The properties of reconstituted panel were evaluated through NBR 14810-1 (ABNT, 2013) and NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2018), the physical properties were investigated: moisture, density, thickness swelling and absorption; as well as mechanical properties: MOR, MOE, internal bond and parallel compression. The found results show that the panel is classified as low density (419.8 kg/m³), and with physical and mechanical properties similars to other panels of the same classification in the literature. For average values of MOR and MOE it was found 5.24 MPa and 147.49 MPa, respectively. For internal bonding it was found 0.14 MPa and for parallel compression properties it was found 1.14 MPa. Agave sisalana semiarid semi arid production peduncle (peduncle burned problems disposal scenario castorbased castor based 17 10 148101 14810 1 14810- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2013 148102 2018, 2018 , 2018) investigated moisture absorption 419.8 4198 419 8 (419. kg/m³, kgm³ kgm kg/m³ kg m³ m kg/m³) literature 524 5 24 5.2 14749 147 49 147.4 respectively 014 0 14 0.1 114 1.1 1481 201 419. 41 (419 kg/m 52 5. 1474 4 147. 01 0. 11 1. 148 20 (41 (4 (

Resumo O sisal (Agave sisalana) é uma planta explorada nas regiões semiáridas do Brasil para produção de fibras, mas o escapo floral do sisal (flecha) é coletado e frequentemente queimado causando problemas ambientais, até mesmo pelo descarte irregular. Para contornar este cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir painéis reconstituídos usando a flecha do sisal e resina poliuretana à base de mamona. Os painéis foram obtidos empregando 175 g do miolo da flecha de sisal triturada com dimensões inferiores a 2 mm e adotando 10% de resina poliuretana à base de mamona e as amostras foram prensadas com tensão de 2 MPa. Avaliou-se no painel reconstituído, através da NBR 14810-1 (ABNT, 2013) e NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2018) as propriedades físicas: umidade, densidade, inchamento e absorção; bem como as propriedades mecânicas: MOR, MOE, força de ligação e compressão paralela. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o painel é classificado como de baixa densidade (419,8 kg/m³), e de propriedades físicas e mecânicas semelhantes a outros painéis de mesma classificação da literatura. Para MOR e MOE foram encontrados 5,24 MPa e 147,49 MPa de média, respectivamente. Já os ensaios de tração perpendicular e compressão paralela obtiveram resultados de 0,14 MPa e 1,14 MPa, respectivamente. Agave sisalana fibras (flecha ambientais irregular cenário 17 10 Avaliouse Avaliou se reconstituído 148101 14810 1 14810- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2013 148102 2018 umidade absorção 419,8 4198 419 8 (419, kg/m³, kgm³ kgm kg/m³ , kg m³ m kg/m³) literatura 524 5 24 5,2 14749 147 49 147,4 média respectivamente 014 0 14 0,1 114 1,1 1481 201 419, 41 (419 kg/m 52 5, 1474 4 147, 01 0, 11 1, 148 20 (41 (4 (

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou a incorporação de finos de rocha granítica (GRP) e areia artificial (MS) em argamassas auto-adensáveis (SCM), visando adequação das características reológicas. Foram analisadas SCMs com relações água/cimento de 0,42, 0,46 e 0,63, teores de GRP de 17%, 20% e 40%, respetivamente, e substituição volumétrica de 50% da areia natural por MS. Para avaliar o desempenho das SCMs, foram realizados ensaios de mini V-Funnel e mini Slump, além da caraterização físico-mecânica. A distância de separação interpartículas e a espessura máxima da pasta também foram analisadas e concluiu-se que o teor de GRP é o parâmetro de maior influência no consumo de superplastificante e no tempo de escoamento das misturas. Com a incorporação de GRP, a viscosidade da argamassa foi ajustada sem a necessidade de adição de agentes modificadores de viscosidade, aumentando o tempo de escoamento, enquanto a substituição parcial de NS por MS resultou numa diminuição deste parâmetro. Além disso, a incorporação simultânea de GRP e MS aumentou a densidade das misturas, promovendo aumento da resistência à compressão em até 29% e da resistência à tração na flexão em até 19%, apesar da redução de cerca de 40% do volume de cimento. (GRP (MS autoadensáveis auto adensáveis SCM, SCM , (SCM) reológicas águacimento água cimento 042 0 42 0,42 046 46 0,4 063 63 0,63 17 17% 20 40 respetivamente 50 VFunnel V Funnel Slump físicomecânica. físicomecânica físico mecânica. mecânica físico-mecânica concluiuse concluiu se misturas disso 29 19 19% (SCM 04 4 0, 06 6 0,6 1 2 5

Abstract The study assessed the use of granitic rock powder (GRP) and manufactured sand (MS) in self-compacting mortars (SCM) to achieve desired rheological properties. Different water/cement ratios of 0.42, 0.46, and 0.63 were used with partial replacement of cement volume by GRP at levels of 17%, 20%, and 40%. Additionally, a volumetric replacement of 50% natural sand with MS was studied. The performance of SCMs was evaluated using mini V-Funnel and mini Slump Tests, as well as physical-mechanical characterization. It was found that GRP content significantly influenced superplasticizer consumption and flow time without requiring additional viscosity modifiers while incorporating MS decreased flow time parameter. Furthermore, simultaneous incorporation of GRP and MS increased mixture density by up to 14% improved compressive strength by up to 29%, and flexural tensile strength by up to19%. (GRP (MS selfcompacting self compacting SCM (SCM properties watercement water 042 0 42 0.42 046 46 0.46 063 63 0.6 17 17% 20 20% 40 40% Additionally 50 studied VFunnel V Funnel Tests physicalmechanical physical mechanical characterization parameter Furthermore 14 29 29% to19 to19% 04 4 0.4 06 6 0. 1 2 5 to1

Resumo Analisou-se a viabilidade técnica e ambiental da Erythrina poeppigiana para produzir compensados com os adesivos: fenol-formaldeído (FF); uréia-formaldeído (UF) e poliuretano à base de mamona (PU). Avaliou-se as propriedades física e mecânica: densidade aparente, teor de umidade, absorção de água, inchamento em espessura, resistência ao cisalhamento e flexão estática. Os testes apontaram a viabilidade da eritrina para produção de compensados não estruturais. A avaliação ambiental, através dos indicadores, quantificação da energia embutida e emissão de CO 2 e, demonstrou que os pain compensado produzido com adesivo PU teve melhor desempenho que os painéis com FF e UF. O tratamento T1 (FF) apresentou maior energia embutida, o T2 (UF) a maior emissão de CO 2 e. A viabilidade técnica e ambiental da eritrina para produzir compensados pode promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional, ambientalmente sustentável, com vantagens em relação aos compensados estrangeiros, bem como ao desempenho ambiental. Analisouse Analisou se adesivos fenolformaldeído fenol formaldeído uréiaformaldeído uréia UF (UF PU. . (PU) Avaliouse Avaliou mecânica aparente umidade água espessura estática estruturais indicadores T (FF regional sustentável estrangeiros (PU

Abstract The study analyzed the technical and environmental feasibility of using Erythrina poeppigiana to produce plywood with different adhesives: phenol-formaldehyde (PF), urea-formaldehyde (UF), and castor oil-based polyurethane (PUA). The physical and mechanical properties of the plywood were evaluated, including apparent density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, shear resistance, and static bending. Tests proved erythrina’s suitability for non-structural plywood production. The environmental impact of the production process was also evaluated, using embedded energy and CO2e emissions as indicators. The results showed that plywood produced with PU adhesive had better environmental performance compared to panels with FF and UF adhesives. T1 treatment (PF) had the highest embodied energy, while T2 (UF) had the highest CO2e emission. Overall, the study suggests that using erythrina to produce plywood can be a viable option for promoting regional socioeconomic development while also being environmentally sustainable and presents an advantage over foreign plywood in terms of environmental performance. adhesives phenolformaldehyde phenol formaldehyde PF, PF , ureaformaldehyde urea UF, oilbased oil based PUA. PUA . (PUA) evaluated density content absorption swelling resistance bending erythrinas s nonstructural non structural COe CO e indicators T (PF (UF emission Overall (PUA

Resumen. Los datos de campo obtenidos de los inventarios forestales, principalmente área basal y densidad de fustes, son relevantes para el análisis de la biomasa aérea y la fragmentación forestal. Debido al suelo inundado, el trabajo de campo en los bosques de manglar requiere mucho tiempo y es complicado. Dado que los manglares son sensibles a los efectos del cambio climático, la selección de un método de campo ideal es de suma importancia. Con este fin, analizamos 4 clases de manglares: Rhizophora mangle (RM), Laguncularia racemosa (LR), Avicennia germinans (AG) y AG arbustivo. Georreferenciamos y contamos todos los fustes de mangle dentro de 4 parcelas cuadradas de 0.04 ha (20 × 20 m). Analizamos 3 áreas circulares y el método del punto cuadrante central (PCQM) basado en las parcelas cuadradas originales. Dependiendo de la clase de mangle, el PCQM sobreestimó el área basal hasta en un 34% y la densidad de fustes en un 21%. Los 3 muestreos en parcelas circulares subestimaron el área basal entre -1% y -29% y la densidad de fustes entre -3% y -25%. Basándonos en los resultados, sugerimos utilizar una parcela circular de 0.04 ha (r = 11.28 m) en bosques menos densos (RM y AG) y una parcela circular de 0.015 ha (r = 6.9 m) en densidades superiores a 3,500 fustes/ha (LR y AG arbustivo). Las ventajas de utilizar las parcelas circulares sobre el método PCQM son que los inventarios de mangle pueden cuantificarse rápidamente y no requieren un número mínimo de puntos de muestreo.

Abstract. The data obtained from field-based forest inventories, mainly basal area and stem density, are relevant for the analysis of aboveground biomass and forest fragmentation. Due to its persistently flooded ground, fieldwork in mangrove forests is time-consuming and complicated. Since mangroves are sensitive to the effects of climate change, selecting a reliable field method is of utmost importance. To this end, we analyzed 4 mangrove classes: Rhizophora mangle (RM), Laguncularia racemosa (LR), Avicennia germinans (AG), and AG shrub. We georeferenced and counted all mangrove stems within four 0.04 ha (20 × 20 m square). We analyzed data from 3 circular area plots and the plotless point-centered quarter method (PCQM) based on the original square plots. Depending on the mangrove class, PCQM overestimated basal area by up to 34% and stem density by 21%. The 3 circular plot surveys underestimated basal area from -1% to -29% and stem density from -3 to -25%. Based on the results, we suggest using a circular plot of 0.04 ha (r = 11.28 m) in less dense forests (RM and AG) and a circular plot of 0.015 ha (r = 6.9 m) with forest densities greater than 3,500 stems/ha (LR and AG shrub). The advantages of using the circular plot approach over PCQM are that mangrove inventories can be quantified quickly and do not require a minimum number of sampling points.

ABSTRACT Storage is one of the main stages during grain production. The present study was conducted to evaluate the use of silo bags as an alternative for storing landrace cowpea grains. The experiment used samples of the Arigozinho, Manteiguinha, and Quarentão cowpea varieties from Cruzeiro do Sul - Acre, harvested in the 2021 crop season. The samples (500 g) were stored in raffia and silo bags for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, arranged in a split-plot-in-time scheme (2 × 5) with four replicates. Storage conditions represented the plots: silo bags and raffia bags. The subplots comprised five storage conditions: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days for each landrace cowpea variety. The insect species identified in all varieties was Zabrotes subfasciatus, with infestation ranging from 49% to 98% in raffia bags and less than 10% in silo bags over 120 days. A depreciation in grain quality was observed during storage in raffia bags. There was increase in electrical conductivity, fluctuations in water content, and reductions in bulk density and germination due to the higher degree of infestation in all the investigated varieties. The grains stored in silo bags showed minimal variations over the 120 days, maintaining their initial quality throughout the storage period. The bag silo storage system is an effective alternative for controlling Z. subfasciatus and maintaining the grain quality of the varieties Arigozinho, Manteiguinha, and Quarentão for a period of up to 120 days. production Arigozinho Manteiguinha Acre 202 season 500 (50 g 30 60 90 12 randomized splitplotintime split plot time 2 ( 5 replicates plots 0 variety 49 98 10 conductivity content Z 20 50 (5 3 6 9 1 4

RESUMO O armazenamento é uma etapa crucial durante a produção de grãos. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de silo bolsa como alternativa no armazenamento de grãos crioulos de feijão-caupi. Para o estudo utilizou-se amostras de feijão-caupi, das variedades Arigozinho, Manteiguinha e Quarentão, procedentes do município de Cruzeiro do Sul - Acre, safra 2021. As amostras de 500 g foram armazenadas em silos bolsa e sacos de ráfia, durante 30, 60, 90, 120 dias. O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas no tempo (2 × 5), com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram as condições de armazenamento: silo bolsa e sacos de ráfia, e as subparcelas, os períodos de armazenamento: 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias para cada variedade crioula de feijão-caupi. Zabrotes subfasciatus foi identificado em todas as variedades, com infestações de 49 a 98% em sacos de ráfia e inferiores a 10% em silo bolsa ao longo de 120 dias. Foi observado a depreciação na qualidade dos grãos durante o período de armazenamento em sacos de ráfia. Houve aumento na condutividade elétrica, flutuações no teor de água, redução da massa específica aparente e na germinação, devido ao maior grau de infestação em todas as variedades investigadas. Os grãos em silo bolsa apresentaram mínimas variações e mantiveram a qualidade inicial durante 120 dias. O armazenamento em silo bolsa é eficaz no controle de Z. subfasciatus e na manutenção da qualidade dos grãos das variedades Arigozinho, Manteiguinha e Quarentão por até 120 dias. feijãocaupi. feijãocaupi feijão caupi. caupi feijão-caupi utilizouse utilizou se feijãocaupi, caupi, Arigozinho Acre 2021 50 30 60 12 casualizado 2 ( 5, 5 , 5) repetições subparcelas 0 9 4 98 10 elétrica água germinação investigadas Z 202 3 6 1 20

Abstract Background: Canopy phenology, foliar biochemistry, and leaf lifespan vary according to season within and across species. Intrinsically, this variation should also determine changes in the spectral properties of foliar tissue. However, whether canopy phenology and leaf spectroscopy co-vary across species has seldom been tested in seasonal drylands. Questions and / or Hypotheses: We tested the covariation between growth rate, foliage phenology, and leaf spectral indices, expecting that species with high growth rates should have large variability in relative leaf number and foliar spectroscopy. Studied species / data description / Mathematical model: We partition the intra and interspecific variation in relative leaf number and spectroscopy within nine perennial chaparral shrub species. Study site and dates: Rancho El Mogor, Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, during 2017 and 2018. Methods: Foliage phenology was quantified with an index of relative leaf number, foliar spectroscopy with three standard vegetation indices, and resource-use with stem growth and leaf functional traits. Results: Species with higher variability in foliage phenology (more deciduous species) had higher stem growth rates. The three vegetation indices varied significantly across species (ca. 20 % of explained variance), and across seasons within species (ca. 55 % of explained variance). The values of the three vegetation indices were correlated, and only NDVI was correlated with foliage phenology and stem growth. Conclusions: Our results show that variations in relative leaf number and spectroscopy in chaparral species are coupled with functional traits of species involved in resource exploitation strategies in a seasonally arid environment.

Resumen: Antecedentes: La fenología del follaje, bioquímica, longevidad foliar y propiedades espectrales del tejido foliar deben variar dentro y entre especies. Sin embargo, la covariación interespecífica entre fenología del follaje y espectroscopía foliar rara vez se ha demostrado en ambientes áridos estacionales. Preguntas y / o Hipótesis: Probamos la hipótesis de covariación intra e interespecífica entre tasas de crecimiento y variabilidad en fenología del follaje e índices espectroscópicos. Especies de estudio / Descripción de datos / Modelo matemático: La variación intra e interespecífica en número relativo de hojas, características funcionales y espectroscopía foliar se cuantificó en nueve especies de arbustos perennes de chaparrales. Sitio y años de estudio: Rancho El Mogor, Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, de 2017 a 2018. Métodos: La fenología del follaje se cuantificó con índices del número relativo de hojas, junto con el crecimiento de tallo y variables funcionales de hojas y la espectroscopía con tres índices de vegetación. Resultados: Las especies deciduas presentaron mayores tasas de crecimiento en tallo. Los tres índices de vegetación variaron interespecíficamente (ca. 20 % varianza explicada), e intraespecíficamente entre estaciones (ca. 55 % varianza explicada). Los tres índices de vegetación estuvieron correlacionados y solamente NDVI se asoció con la variabilidad del follaje y el crecimiento de tallo. Conclusiones: El número relativo de hojas y la espectroscopía foliar de especies de chaparral están asociados con características funcionales en un ambiente árido estacional.

Abstract Background: Information about temperate communities is insufficient, and this is particularly evident in the state of Michoacán. Questions: How is a temperate ecosystem established in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) organized in terms of its composition, structure, and specific diversity? Study Site and Date: The analysis was conducted in the fall and winter of 2018 in the Barranca del Cupatitzio National Park in Uruapan, Michoacán, Mexico. Methods: In 18 plots of 0.1 hectares (20 × 50 m), woody plants with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 2.5 cm were recorded. Information was collected on the number of individuals and stems, basal area, canopy cover, height, alpha diversity, and units were grouped using multivariate techniques. Results: In 1.8 hectares, 55 species were recorded, belonging to 42 genera and 32 families. Pinaceae was the most diverse family with 8 species, followed by Asteraceae with 9 species. Density (500-1,330 individuals per hectare), stems (650-3,040 per hectare), canopy cover (10,999-46,390 m2 ha-1), DBH (9.2-18.9 cm), height (6.5-12 m), and species richness (6-17) varied among plots. 75 % of the basal area (20.1 m2 ha-1) was contributed by pines, oaks contributed 14 % (3.6 m2 ha-1), and 11 % came from other species (2.9 m2 ha-1). Conclusions: The forest ecosystems in the park exhibit ecological properties typical of temperate forests in the TMVB. This study serves as a reference point for establishing quantifiable ecological restoration goals in the park.

Resumen Antecedentes: La información sobre las comunidades templadas es insuficiente, y esto se manifiesta de manera particular en el estado de Michoacán. Preguntas: ¿Cómo está constituido un ecosistema templado establecido en el Cinturón Volcánico Transmexicano (CVTM) en relación con su composición, estructura y diversidad? Sitio y años de estudio: El análisis se llevó a cabo en el otoño e inverno del 2018 en el Parque Nacional Barranca del Cupatitzio en Uruapan, Michoacán, México. Métodos: En 18 parcelas de 0.1 ha (20 × 50 m) se registraron plantas leñosas con un diámetro a la altura de 1.3 m (DAP) ≥ 2.5 cm y se registró el número de individuos y tallos, área basal, cobertura de copa, altura total, la diversidad alfa y se agruparon las unidades con técnicas multivariadas. Resultados: En 1.8 ha se registraron 55 especies, en 42 géneros y 32 familias. Pinaceae fue la más diversa (8) seguida de Asteraceae (9). La densidad (500-1,330 ind. ha-1), los tallos (650-3,040 ind. ha-1), la cobertura (10,999-46,390 m2ha-1), el DAP (9.2-18.9 cm), la altura (6.5-12 m) y la riqueza (6-17) varían entre parcelas. El 75 % del área basal (20.1 m2 ha-1) fue aportada por los pinos, los encinos contribuyeron con el 14 % (3.6 m2 ha-1) y el 11 % fue de otras especies (2.9 m2 ha-1). Conclusiones: Los ecosistemas forestales del parque mantienen propiedades ecológicas características de los bosques templados del CVTM. Este estudio sirve como punto de referencia para establecer metas de restauración ecológica en el parque explícitamente cuantificables.

Abstract Background: Columnar cacti survival in deserts occurs mainly under nurse plants, due to better conditions for germination and establishment, as greater humidity, and nutrient concentration. However, interactions like the association between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and roots remain relatively unexplored. We evaluated the mycorrhizal status and soil rhizosphere properties of four columnar cacti species growing both under and outside their nurse plant. Hypotheses: Soil properties improvement under nurse plants has been correlated with the abundance of AMF. Therefore, a greater number of AMF structures and roots mycorrhization would be in facilitated plants, compared to the same species growing outside the nurse. Studied species: Nurse plant: Olneya tesota, facilitated species: Carnegiea gigantea, Pachycereus pringlei, Pachycereus schottii, and Stenocereus thurberi. Study site and dates: Central Gulf Coast subdivision of the Sonoran Desert, Sonora, Mexico; October 2020. Methods: Cacti roots and soil rhizosphere were collected under and outside the nurse plant. Roots were stained, and mycorrhizal colonization (MC), hairy roots (HR), visual density (VD), and number of spores were determined. Physicochemical soil properties were analyzed. Results: Values of MC, VD, spore number, organic matter (OM), nitrate, and total and assimilable phosphorous were higher under the nurse compared to bare areas. Conclusions: The hypothesis that mycorrhization parameters are greater in roots of cacti growing under the nurse was confirmed, besides previous knowledge about soil quality under nurse plants, suggesting that AMF play a significant role in the cacti facilitation process under nurses plants, and that nurse plant plays a significant role in AMF formation.

Resumen Antecedentes: La supervivencia de cactus columnares en desiertos ocurre principalmente bajo plantas nodrizas, debido a mejores condiciones para germinar y establecerse (mayor humedad y concentración de nutrientes). Empero, interacciones como la asociación entre hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) y raíces continua relativamente inexplorada. Evaluamos el estado micorrícico y propiedades del suelo rizosférico de cuatro especies de cactus columnares creciendo tanto debajo como fuera de su nodriza. Hipótesis: Se ha relacionado el mejoramiento de propiedades del suelo bajo la nodriza con la abundancia de HMA. Por lo tanto, plantas facilitadas mostrarán más estructuras de HMA y de micorrización de raíces, comparado con las mismas especies creciendo fuera de la nodriza. Especies estudiadas: Nodriza: Olneya tesota, facilitadas: Carnegiea gigantea, Pachycereus pringlei, Pavhycereus schottii, Stenocereus thurberi. Sitio y años de estudio: Subdivisión de la Costa Central del Golfo del Desierto Sonorense, Sonora, México, octubre de 2020. Métodos: Se recolectaron raíces de cactus y suelo rizosférico debajo y fuera de la nodriza. En raíces teñidas se determinó: colonización micorrízica (CM), pelos radicales (PR), densidad visual (DV) y número de esporas (NE). Se analizaron propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo. Resultados: Valores de CM, DV, NE, materia orgánica, nitrato y fósforo total y asimilable fueron mayores bajo la nodriza en comparación con áreas desnudas. Conclusiones: Se confirma la hipótesis planteada y se reafirma el conocimiento previo sobre la calidad del suelo bajo nodrizas, sugiriendo que los HMA juegan un papel importante en la facilitación de cactus bajo las plantas nodrizas, y que estas últimas influencian la formación de HMA.