RESUMEN Introducción. El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil constituyen un problema de salud pública. El inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 pudo haber favorecido esta patología. El puntaje Z del índice de masa corporal (Z-IMC) es un indicador aceptado para su diagnóstico y seguimiento. Objetivo. Evaluar si la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó durante la pandemia. Población y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes asistidos en efectores públicos de salud del Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (GCABA), de 2 a 5 años de edad, con registro de peso y talla en dos consultas, antes y después de haber comenzado el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO). Se registró estado nutricional (Z-IMC) y variación del Z-IMC entre ambas consultas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 3866 sujetos, edad promedio 3,4 ± 0,8 años; el 48,1 % fueron mujeres. El intervalo promedio entre consultas fue 14,3 ± 2,5 meses. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad aumentó del 12,6 % (IC95% 11,6-13,6) al 20,9 % (IC95% 19,6-22-2); p <0,001, al igual que el Z-IMC (0,4 ± 1,1 vs. 0,8 ± 1,3; p <0,001). Conclusión. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó significativamente durante la pandemia.

Introducción. Durante la internación, los pacientes pueden presentar un deterioro clínico significativo y requerir el ingreso no programado a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Esto puede conllevar un aumento de la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Frecuentemente, estos eventos están precedidos por una fase de deterioro que podría pasar desapercibida. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia, analizar las causas, describir las características clínicas y los resultados de los traslados no programados en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados, desde el área de internación general pediátrica (IGP) a la UCIP, y analizar las diferencias entre traslados urgentes y emergentes. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo prospectivo; se analizaron todos los traslados no programados desde IGP a la UCIP ocurridos entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre 2019. Resultados. Se constataron 212 traslados no programados (21 traslados cada 1000 ingresos). El 76 % de los pacientes trasladados presentaban una comorbilidad asociada -la más frecuente fue la patología oncológica (36 %)- y llevaban más de 24 horas internados en IGP. Las causas más frecuentes de traslado fueron dificultad respiratoria (43 %), sepsis (20 %) y complicaciones neurológicas/neuroquirúrgicas (20 %). La tasa de mortalidad global fue del 8,96 % (19 pacientes). Conclusiones. El análisis de los traslados no programados es un elemento esencial en la evaluación de la calidad de atención y seguridad del paciente de un área, y debe constituir un indicador integrado al tablero de control. La interpretación de los traslados no programados como un evento prevenible constituye un cambio de paradigma clave.

RESUMEN Introducción . La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) recomienda el uso de tablas de referencia para monitorear el crecimiento y estado nutricional de niños, niñas y adolescentes. El peso corporal, la talla y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) son las variables más utilizadas. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivos estimar los percentiles de peso, talla e IMC de escolares (2009-2011) residentes en el departamento San Rafael (Mendoza) y compararlos con la referencia internacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, a fin de establecer su pertinencia para la evaluación del crecimiento y estado nutricional de dicha población. Población y métodos . Se realizó un estudio antropométrico transversal en 3448 escolares de entre 4,00 y 13,49 años de edad. Se utilizó el programa LMS ChartMarkerPro para calcular los valores percentilares de peso/edad, talla/edad e IMC/edad, por sexo y edad, y se compararon con las curvas de la OMS. Además, se calcularon diferencias porcentuales (D%) para estimar las diferencias y su significación estadística mediante prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados . La población de San Rafael mostró, en varones y mujeres, valores percentilares superiores de peso e IMC (D% ~7 % y 9 %, respectivamente), y menores de talla (D% ~0,8 %) que los de la OMS (p <0,05). Conclusión. Las diferencias encontradas alertan sobre el empleo de la referencia OMS en la población escolar de San Rafael, ya que sobreestimaría las prevalencias de sobrepeso, obesidad y desnutrición crónica, y subestimaría la de desnutrición aguda y global. Esta situación resalta la importancia de contar con una referencia local.

Objectives: To summarize evidence-based pharmacological treatments and provide guidance on clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: The American Psychiatric Association (APA) guidelines for the treatment of OCD (2013) were updated with a systematic review assessing the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for adult OCD, comprising monotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clomipramine, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and augmentation strategies with clomipramine, antipsychotics, and glutamate-modulating agents. We searched for the literature published from 2013-2020 in five databases, considering the design of the study, primary outcome measures, types of publication, and language. Selected articles had their quality assessed with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). Results: We examined 57 new studies to update the 2013 APA guidelines. High-quality evidence supports SSRIs for first-line pharmacological treatment of OCD. Moreover, augmentation of SSRIs with antipsychotics (risperidone, aripiprazole) is the most evidence-based pharmacological intervention for SSRI-resistant OCD. Conclusion: SSRIs, in the highest recommended or tolerable doses for 8-12 weeks, remain the first-line treatment for adult OCD. Optimal augmentation strategies for SSRI-resistant OCD include low doses of risperidone or aripiprazole. Pharmacological treatments considered ineffective or potentially harmful, such as monotherapy with antipsychotics or augmentation with ketamine, lamotrigine, or N-acetylcysteine, have also been detailed.

ABSTRACT The etiological diagnosis of persistent postoperative bleeding in adult patients with no relevant medical history is currently a challenge. Among the different causes, we find the acquired deficiency of Factor XIII (F. XIII) of coagulation. The deficit of this factor usually goes unnoticed as it is not tested in the routine preoperative studies. We present the case of a 70-year-old man with previously undiagnosed acquired F. XIII deficiency who, after undergoing surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, suffered oral and bilateral cervical bleeding causing airway compromise.

RESUMEN El diagnóstico etiológico de una hemorragia postoperatoria persistente en pacientes adultos sin antecedentes médicos de interés supone un reto a día de hoy. Dentro de las distintas causas encontramos el déficit adquirido del Factor XIII (F. XIII) de la coagulación. El déficit de este factor suele pasar desapercibido al no ser valorado en el estudio preoperatorio rutinario. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 70 años con déficit de F. XIII adquirido, no diagnosticado previamente, que tras ser intervenido por un carcinoma epidermoide de suelo de boca sufrió un sangrado de cavidad oral y cervical bilateral con compromiso de la vía aérea.

Resumen Los esclerocios de algunos hongos albergan bacterias nativas para el control biológico de hongos fitopatógenos. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: i) explorar poblaciones bacterianas asociadas a esclerocios de Claviceps gigantea en maíces de seis localidades del Estado de México, ii) evaluar el antagonismo in vitro de estas poblaciones bacterianas contra tres especies de Fusarium fitopatógenos de maíz, iii) identificar molecularmente los antagonistas más eficientes y caracterizar la producción de metabolitos in vitro. Poblaciones bacterianas en los esclerocios se calcularon por conteo directo en placa; el antagonismo in vitro contra Fusarium graminearum, F. sublgutinans y F. verticillioides se evaluó por confrontación en medio Waksman agar. Las bacterias antagonistas se identificaron por secuenciación parcial del gen 16S rRNA y se evaluaron in vitro para la producción de ácido indol-3-acético, sideróforos, actividad lipolítica, proteolítica y solubilización de fosfato mineral. La densidad bacteriana estuvo entre 2.023 a 2.397 Log10UFC g-1 de esclerocio. Veintidos cepas mostraron antagonismo in vitro contra al menos una especie de Fusarium. Se identificaron como miembros de los géneros Bacillus, Delftia, Micromonospora, Pseudomonas, Sphingobacterium, Staphylococcus y Stenotrophomonas. Los 22 antagonistas mostraron in vitro actividad lipolítica, proteolítica, produjeron sideróforos y solubilizaron fosfato; únicamente 12 (55%) produjeron ácido indol-3-acético. Las cepas Bacillus subtilis (BA1), Pseudomonas syringae (BA2) y Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA18) fueron antagonistas contra las tres especies de Fusarium y produjeron todos los metabolitos evaluados.

Abstract Fungal sclerotia house native bacterial populations of interest for biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. The objectives of this research were: i) to explore the bacterial populations associated with Claviceps gigantea sclerotia in maize from six locations in the State of Mexico, ii) to evaluate the in vitro antagonism of these bacterial populations against three species of Fusarium phytopathogens of maize, iii) to molecularly identify the more efficient antagonists and characterize the in vitro production of metabolites. Bacterial populations in the sclerotia were calculated by direct plate count; in vitro antagonism against Fusarium graminearum, F. sublgutinans, and F. verticillioides was evaluated by confrontation in Waksman agar medium. Antagonistic bacteria were identified by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and evaluated in vitro for the production of indole-3 acetic acid, siderophores, lipolytic and proteolytic activity, and mineral phosphate solubilization. The bacterial density ranged from 2.023 to 2.397 Log10UFC g-1 of sclerotia. Twenty-two strains showed in vitro antagonism against at least one Fusarium species and were identified as members of the genera Bacillus, Delftia, Micromonospora, Pseudomonas, Sphingobacterium, Staphylococcus, and Stenotrophomonas. The 22 antagonists showed in vitro lipolytic, proteolytic, siderophore-producing and phosphate-solubilizing activity; only 12 (55%) produced indole-3-acetic acid. Bacillus subtilis (BA1), Pseudomonas syringae (BA2), and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA18) strains were antagonists against the three Fusarium species and produced all the metabolites evaluated.

Abstract Appendicular neoplasms are rare tumors, with an incidence of less than 0.05% among all gastrointestinal tumors. This work presents the case of a 52-year-old patient who manifested colicky pain in the right iliac fossa. Laboratory test results with bandemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Abdominal tomography with an acute appendicular inflammatory process, for which the patient was admitted for surgery. A dependent tumor of the cecum and appendicular region is observed, which compromises the ileocecal valve. The histopathological diagnosis was “low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm.” Appendiceal tumors are often incidental findings due to their low frequency; however, their possibility should not be dismissed.

Resumen Las neoplasias apendiculares son tumores raros, con una incidencia menor al 0.05% de todos los tumores gastrointestinales. Presentamos el caso de paciente de 52 años, quien acude por dolor cólico en fosa iliaca derecha. Estudios de laboratorio con bandemia e hiperbilirrubinemia. Tomografía abdominal con proceso inflamatorio apendicular agudo por lo que se ingresa a cirugía. Se observa tumoración dependiente de ciego y región apendicular que compromete válvula ileocecal. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue “neoplasia mucinosa apendicular de bajo grado. Los tumores de apéndice son a menudo hallazgos incidentales por su baja frecuencia, sin embargo, su posibilidad no debe descartarse.

Abstract The process of producing eucalyptus seedlings hosts a complex of arthropods, which can highlight sucking insects, such as aphids. The aim was to study aphids on seedlings and mini-stumps in a clonal mini-garden of eucalyptus in Brazil, through their identification, studies of population growth and host preference of these insects in different species of eucalyptus. In this study, it is registered, for the first time in Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil, the species Aphis gossypii Glover 1887 and Aphis spiraecola Patch 1914 (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Aphid colonies were observed in April and March 2018 infesting Eucalyptus pellita and Eucalyptus brassiana seedlings in the greenhouse of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), in Teresina, Piauí; and in a clonal mini-garden of Eucalyptus spp. from the PlantBem seedling production nursery in Monsenhor Gil, Piauí. The population growth of Aphis spiraecola was evaluated using the instantaneous growth rate (ri) in six species of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus brassiana, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus tereticornis e Corymbia citriodora), as well as the aphid host preference for these species was tested through a choice test. Only in Corymbia citriodora there was no population growth of Aphis spiraecola. Aphis spiraecola showed less host preference for Corymbia citriodora, while Eucalyptus pellita and Eucalyptus urophylla were the preferred species. This is the first record of Aphis gossypii in a clonal mini-garden of eucalyptus and of Aphis spiraecola in seedlings of Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil.

Resumo No processo de produção de mudas de eucalipto ocorre um complexo de artrópodes, podendo destacar os insetos sugadores, como pulgões. Objetivou-se estudar pulgões em mudas e minicepas em minijardim clonal de eucalipto no Brasil, através de sua identificação, estudos de crescimento populacional e preferência hospedeira desses insetos em diferentes espécies de eucalipto. Neste estudo registra-se, pela primeira vez em Eucalyptus spp. no Brasil, as espécies Aphis gossypii Glover, 1887 e Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914 (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Colônias de pulgões foram observadas em abril e março de 2018 infestando mudas de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell e Eucalyptus brassiana S.T. Blake na casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), em Teresina, Piauí; e em minijardim clonal de Eucalyptus spp. do viveiro de produção de mudas PlantBem, em Monsenhor Gil, Piauí. O crescimento populacional de Aphis spiraecola foi avaliado através da utilização da taxa instantânea de crescimento (ri) em seis espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden, Eucalyptus brassiana, Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake, Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith e Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson), assim como foi testada a preferência hospedeira do pulgão por essas espécies através de teste com chance de escolha. Apenas em Corymbia citriodora não houve crescimento populacional de A. spiraecola. Aphis spiraecola demonstrou menor preferência hospedeira por Corymbia citriodora, enquanto as espécies Eucalyptus pellita e Eucalyptus urophylla foram as preferidas. Este é o primeiro registro de Aphis gossypii em minijardim clonal de eucalipto e de Aphis spiraecola em mudas de Eucalyptus spp. no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Background: Prognostic factors in previously healthy young patients with COVID-19 remained understudied. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify factors associated with in-hospital death or need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in young (aged ≤ 65 years) and previously healthy patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study that included patients admitted with COVID-19. The primary outcome was in-hospital death/need for IMV. Secondary outcomes included need for IMV during follow-up, days on IMV, length of stay (LOS), hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 92 patients, primary outcome occurred in 16 (17%), death in 12 (13%), need for IMV in 16 (17%), HAP/VAP in 7 (8%), and PE in 2 (2%). Median LOS and IMV duration were 7 and 12 days, respectively. Independent associations were found between the primary outcome and male sex (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.1, 95%CI 1.1-46.0, p < 0.05), D-dimer levels > 1000ng/mL (aOR 9.0, 95%CI 1.6-49.1, p < 0.05), and RT-PCR Ct-value ≤ 24 on initial swab samples (aOR 14.3, 95%CI 2.0-101.5, p < 0.01). Conclusions: In young and non-comorbid COVID-19 patients, male sex, higher levels of D-dimer, and low SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Ct-value on an initial nasopharyngeal swab were independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality or need for IMV.

Abstract The glochids of prickly pear fruits were valued as a substrate-improving component for the production of Pleurotus sp. mycelium, through indicators of macroscopic colonization and characterization of the mycelium at the stereoscopic level. Glochids of prickly pear produced in Nopaltepec, Mexico, were used. Mycelium (F2) from the collection of strains of the Institute of Ecology, AC, was integrated with mixtures in different proportions (% in weight) of sorghum (S) grains and ground (EM) or whole (EE) glochids according to the following treatments: control, 90S-10EM, 80S-20EM, 70S-30EM, 90S-10EE, 80S-20EE and 70S-30EE. The experimental units were incubated at 25 °C for 11 days. The degree of invasion was evaluated based on type of growth, texture, color, aerial mycelium and density, through hedonic scale by variable. The results were processed with non-parametric tests of analysis of means and contrasts with a confidence level of 95%. A complete and homogeneous colonization with mycelium from very dense to dense was observed in all treatments with ground or whole glochids, which indicated that the conditions were adequate to promote the branching of hyphae and biomass. The best treatments in terms of homogeneous growth and very high density corresponded to the mixtures 90S-10EM and 80S-20EE. Texture and color were significantly good in the treatment with the highest proportion of whole glochids (70S-30EE), while growth type and presence of aerial mycelium were favored with the highest proportion of ground glochids (70S-30EM). The results were conclusive, glochids are an excellent material that can be used for the production of mycelium.

Resumen Se valoró a las glóquidas de frutos de tuna como componente mejorador de sustrato para la producción de micelio de Pleurotus sp.; a través, de indicadores de colonización macroscópica y caracterización del micelio a nivel estereoscópico. Se utilizaron glóquidas de tuna producida en Nopaltepec, México. Micelio (F2) procedente de la colección de cepas del Instituto de Ecología, AC, se integró con mezclas en diferentes proporciones (% en peso) de granos de sorgo (S) y glóquidas molidas (EM) o enteras (EE) de acuerdo con los siguientes tratamientos: testigo, 90S-10EM, 80S-20EM, 70S-30EM, 90S-10EE, 80S-20EE y 70S-30EE. Las unidades experimentales se incubaron a 25° C por 11 días. El grado de invasión se evaluó con base en: tipo de crecimiento, textura, color, micelio aéreo y densidad; a través, de escala hedónica por variable. Los resultados se procesaron con pruebas no paramétricas de análisis de medias y contrastes con un nivel de confianza de 95%. Una colonización completa y homogénea con micelio de muy denso a denso se apreció en todos los tratamientos con glóquidas molidas o enteras, lo cual indicó que las condiciones del fueron adecuadas para promover la ramificación de hifas y biomasa. Los mejores tratamientos en cuanto a crecimiento homogéneo y muy alta densidad correspondieron a las mezclas 90S-10EM y 80S-20 EE. La textura y el color fueron significativamente buenas en el tratamiento con mayor proporción de glóquidas enteras (70S-30EE), en tanto que el tipo de crecimiento y la presencia de micelio aéreo se favorecieron con la mayor proporción de glóquidas molidas (70S-30EM). Los resultados fueron concluyentes, las glóquidas son un excelente material que puede ser utilizado para la producción de micelio.

Abstract Hearing loss is the most frequent sensory disorder, with an incidence of 1:1500 live newborns. In more than 50% of patients, it is associated with a genetic cause, while in up to 30% of cases, it is related to syndromic entities. We performed a literature review of studies on congenital hearing loss of genetic origin in the Mexican population. We identified eight reports that showed that the pathogenic variants most frequently associated with hearing loss are related to the GJB2 gene, although in a low percentage (3%). Other mutations were identified in the GJB6, SLC26A4, or CHD23 genes. On this basis, a possible diagnostic strategy in Mexican patients with hearing loss is to consider an initial screening of these three genes. If these genes were negative for pathogenic variants, the following steps would be to consider second-generation sequencing analysis focused on panels of genes associated with hearing loss, isolated or syndromic, and if necessary, to perform exome or whole-genome analysis. Establishing an etiologic cause is critical in clinically evaluating patients with congenital hearing loss and their families. It can help determine rehabilitation strategies, such as hearing aids or cochlear implants and provide information on disease progression and genetic counseling in this population.

Resumen La pérdida auditiva es la alteración sensorial más frecuente, con una incidencia de 1:1500 recién nacidos vivos. En más del 50% de los pacientes se asocia con una causa genética, mientras que en más del 30% de los casos se asocia con entidades sindrómicas. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura de las investigaciones sobre la pérdida auditiva congénita de origen genético en la población mexicana. Se identificaron ocho reportes en los que se demostró que las variantes patogénicas más frecuentemente asociadas con pérdida auditiva se encuentran en el gen GJB2, aunque en un porcentaje bajo (3%). Se identificaron otras mutaciones en los genes GJB6, SLC26A4 o CHD23. Con base en esta información, una posible estrategia diagnóstica en pacientes mexicanos con pérdida auditiva es considerar un primer paso en el tamiz diagnóstico con los tres genes mencionados. Si estos genes fueran negativos para variantes patogénicas, el siguiente paso sería considerar el análisis por secuenciación de segunda generación enfocado en paneles de genes asociados con pérdida auditiva, tanto aislada como sindrómica, y en caso necesario, realizar el análisis del exoma o del genoma completo. Establecer una causa etiológica es un componente crítico en la evaluación clínica de los pacientes con pérdida auditiva congénita, ya que puede ayudar a determinar las estrategias de manejo y rehabilitación, como el uso de auxiliares auditivos o implantes cocleares, proporcionar información sobre la progresión de la enfermedad y dar asesoramiento genético en esta población.

ABSTRACT Background: Trials evaluating safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) show contradictory results. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of tocilizumab in hospital mortality among patients with severe COVID-19 in a third-level medical center. Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Primary outcome was death during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), days on IMV, ventilator-free days (VFDs), length of hospital stay (LOS), and development of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Bivariate, multivariate, and propensity score matching analysis were performed. Results: During the study period, 99/794 (12%) patients received tocilizumab. Male patients, health care workers, and patients with increased inflammatory markers received tocilizumab more frequently. No difference in hospital mortality was observed between groups (34% vs. 34%, p = 0.98). Tocilizumab was not independently associated with mortality. No significant treatment effects were observed in propensity score analysis. IMV was more frequent (46% vs. 11%, p < 0.01) and LOS was longer (12 vs. 7 days, p < 0.01) in the tocilizumab group, reflecting increased severity. Although HAIs were more frequent in the tocilizumab group (22% vs. 10%, p < 0.01), no difference was seen after adjusting for IMV (38% vs. 40%, p = 0.86). Conclusions: In our study, tocilizumab was not associated with decreased hospital mortality among patients with severe COVID-19.

ABSTRACT The sustainability of animal production on pasture is based on improving the management of forage species used, which ensures increase in animal productivity, pasture perenniality and cost reduction. The objective was to characterize productive, structural, physiological and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) responses of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf ‘Basilisk’ over the flexibilization of the grazing management adopted. Four defoliation combinations were evaluated, which consisted of the arrangement of two (85% and 95%) light interceptions (LI) and two (1.3 and 1.8) residual leaf area indexes (RLAI), as parameters of entry and exit of the animals from the pasture, respectively. Higher total forage biomass was observed (TFB, kg DM ha-1) 18.82%, when the canopy was managed at the lowest defoliation frequencies (95% LI), but with a higher morphological composition of the stem component and dead material. The 95% LI produced an extra layer of leaves than the canopy managed at 85% LI. The physiological variables were affected by the higher frequency of defoliation (85% LI), with lower photosynthetic rates. NDVI was higher in the canopy managed in the pre-grazing condition at 95% LI (0.88) and residual condition at 1.8 RLAI (0.49), when compared to 85% LI (0.86) and 1.3 RLAI (0.44). For greater production per animal, managing at 85% LI × 1.8 RLAI with pre-grazing and residual NDVI of 0.85 and 0.49, respectively, is the most suitable while for greater animal production per area, managing at 95% LI × 1.3 RLAI with pre-grazing and residual NDVI of 0.88 and 0.44, respectively, becomes more efficient.

Background: The impact of donor quality on post-kidney transplant survival may vary by candidate condition. Objective: Analyzing the combined use of the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) and the estimated post-transplant survival (EPTS) scale and their correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in deceased-donor kidney recipients (DDKR). Methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study. We included DDKRs between 2015 and 2017 at a national third-level hospital. Results: We analyzed 68 DDKR. The mean age at transplant was 41 ± 14 years, 47 (69%) had sensitization events, 18 (26%) had delayed graft function, and 16 (23%) acute rejection. The graft survival at 12 and 36 months was 98.1% (95% CI 94-100) and 83.7% (95% CI 65-100), respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the percentage reduction in the annual eGFR and the sum of EPTS and KDPI scales was r = 0.61, p < 0.001. The correlation coefficient between the percentage reduction in the annual eGFR and the EPTS and KDPI scales separately was r = 0.55, p < 0.001, and r = 0.53, p < 0.001, respectively. Conclusions: The sum of EPTS and KDPI scales can provide a better donor-recipient relationship and has a moderately positive correlation with the decrease in eGFR in DDKR.

Abstract Moringa oleifera, a plant widely used in traditional medicine as well as for water purification, contains a lectin on its seeds named WSMoL which modulates several immune characteristics and has shown cardiac safe properties. Here, we tested the hypothesis that WSMoL is able to recover fasting glucose levels and to improve the cardiac left ventricular (LV) function in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice model. T2DM was induced in adult C57BL/6 mice by combining a high fat diet and low doses of Streptozotocin. Mice were randomly divided in two groups: i. received WSMoL for 21 consecutive days by gavage (T2DM + WSMoL) and ii. received saline solution (T2DM). Metabolic parameters and LV function were assessed. WSMoL was able to reduce fasting blood glucose levels in T2DM mice after 2 weeks of treatment, when compared to T2DM untreated group. Regarding to cardiac LV function, the T2DM + WSMoL group depicted ejection fraction values comparable to non-diabetic group. Our results show: i. WSMoL treatment presented a potent hypoglycemic effect decreasing insulin resistance and ii. WSMoL was able to improve cardiac LV ejection fraction. Collectively, the results presented here show WSMoL as a potential hypoglycemic agent to be tested in T2DM patients.