RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación empírica cuyo objetivo fue identificar factores críticos que contribuyeron para la culminación exitosa de los itinerarios formativos de un grupo de graduados de Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos Integrada con la Formación Profesional en el nivel secundario brasileño. Se aplicó un análisis de contenido a los datos obtenidos a través de entrevistas semidirigidas a diez graduados. Exploramos la noción de posicionamiento, como fenómeno social que circunscribe la posición que ocupa un individuo o grupo en un sistema social determinado (Bernstein, 1996) en línea con las disposiciones socioafectivas y cognitivas relacionadas con los procesos de placer/displacer presentes en el contexto escolar y con las representaciones y concepciones de los contenidos, respectivamente (Bourgeois, 1999). Los resultados apuntan a la elevación del posicionamiento en estructuras jerárquicas circunscritas por la escolaridad, el aprendizaje, el conocimiento, las relaciones sociocognitivas y la perspectiva profesional, que se correlacionan con el desarrollo de disposiciones socioafectivas y cognitivas en las dimensiones motivaciones, aspiraciones, valores apropiados y características curriculares, concretamente aprendizaje colaborativo y metodología de enseñanza.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa empírica cujo objetivo foi identificar fatores críticos que contribuíram para o sucesso na conclusão dos percursos formativos de um grupo de egressos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos Integrada à Formação Profissional no nível secundário brasileiro. Foi aplicada a análise de conteúdo dos dados obtidos através de entrevistas semi-dirigidas com dez egressos. Exploramos a noção de posicionamento, enquanto fenômeno social que circunscreve a posição que um indivíduo ou grupo ocupa num dado sistema social (Bernstein, 1996) em consonância com as disposições socioafetivas e cognitivas relacionadas com os processos de prazer/desprazer presentes no contexto escolar e com as representações e conceções do conteúdo, respetivamente (Bourgeois, 1999). Os resultados apontam para a elevação do posicionamento em estruturas hierárquicas circunscritas pela escolaridade, aprendizagem, conhecimento, relações sociocognitivas e perspectiva profissional, as quais estão correlacionadas com o desenvolvimento de disposições socioafetivas e cognitivas nas dimensões motivações, aspirações, valores adequados e características curriculares, nomeadamente aprendizagem colaborativas e metodologia de ensino.

Abstract This article presents the results of an empirical study whose aim was to identify critical factors that contributed to the successful completion of the educational trajectories of a group of former students of a Brazilian secondary level course integrating Youth and Adult Education with Vocational Education. Content analysis was applied to the data obtained through semi-directive interviews with ten former students. We explored the notion of positioning, as a social phenomenon that circumscribes the position that an individual or group occupies in a given social system (Bernstein, 1996) in line with the socio-affective and cognitive dispositions related to the processes of pleasure/displeasure present in the school context and with the representations and conceptions of the content, respectively (Bourgeois, 1999). The results point to higher positioning in hierarchical structures circumscribed by schooling, learning, knowledge, socio-cognitive relations, and professional outlook, which are correlated with the development of socio-affective and cognitive dispositions in the dimensions of motivations, aspirations, appropriate values and curricular characteristics, namely collaborative learning, and teaching methodology.

RESUMEN El artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación centrado en la digitalización y puesta en disponibilidad pública del archivo de ¡Adelante! El Periódico de la Usina Popular de Tandil, un órgano de prensa editado en la localidad bonaerense de Tandil, Argentina, entre 1934 y 1942. Dicha publicación nace en el proceso de creación de la Usina Popular, una entidad que buscó brindar un servicio accesible y de calidad para llevar energía eléctrica a los tandilenses. La digitalización de estos materiales de archivo y su puesta a disposición en repositorios de acceso abierto plantea, por un lado, una serie de interrogantes acerca de las relaciones que se establecen entre los procesos comunicacionales, las tecnologías digitales y las políticas públicas que pugnan llevarla adelante, al mismo tiempo que exigió la conformación de un equipo multidisciplinario que involucró el diálogo con las investigaciones históricas que contribuyen a la construcción de una historia de los medios de prensa de ciudades medias de la provincia de Buenos Aires.

ABSTRACT The article presents the results of a research process focused on the digitization and public availability of the ¡Adelante! The newspaper of the Usina Popular de Tandil, a press organ published in the town of Tandil, Argentina, between 1934 and 1942. This publication was born in the process of creating the Popular Power Plant, an entity that sought to provide accesibility and quality service to bring electrical energy to the people of Tandil. The digitization of these archive materials and their availability in open access repositories raises, on the one hand, a series of questions about the relationships established between communication processes, digital technologies and the public policies that seek to carry it out, whereas at the same time, it demanded the formation of a multidisciplinary team that involved dialogue with historical research that contributes to the construction of a history of the press in medium-sized cities in the province of Buenos Aires.

RESUMO O artigo apresenta os resultados de um processo de pesquisa focado na digitalização e disponibilização pública do arquivo de ¡Adelante! El Periódico de la Usina Popular de Tandil, órgão de imprensa publicado na cidade de Tandil, em Buenos Aires, Argentina, entre 1934 e 1942. Esta publicação nasceu no processo de criação da Usina Popular, entidade que buscava fornecer um serviço acessível e de qualidade para levar energia elétrica à população de Tandil. A digitalização destes materiais arquivísticos e a sua disponibilização em repositórios de acesso aberto levanta, por um lado, uma série de questões sobre as relações estabelecidas entre os processos de comunicação, as tecnologias digitais e as políticas públicas que procuram realizá-lo, que exigiu a formação de uma equipe multidisciplinar que envolveu o diálogo com as pesquisas históricas que contribuem para a construção de uma história da mídia impressa nas cidades médias da província de Buenos Aires.

Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant disease in women worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality, therefore the knowledge of its risk factors is of great importance to be able to invest in effective primary prevention measures. The combined oral contraceptive (COC) is the most widely used contraceptive method in women of childbearing age, with an average use of 5 years. This systematic review aims to assess whether there is a higher incidence of breast cancer in women of childbearing age with exposure to COC for more than 5 years, compared to less than 5 years of exposure.

Resumo O cancro da mama é a doença maligna mais frequentemente diagnosticada nas mulheres em todo o mundo, com incidência e mortalidade crescentes, pelo que o conhecimento dos seus fatores de risco é de grande importância para se poder investir em medidas de prevenção primária eficazes. O contracetivo oral combinado (COC) é o método contracetivo mais utilizado em mulheres em idade fértil, com utilização média de 5 anos. Esta revisão sistemática pretende avaliar se existe maior incidência de cancro da mama em mulheres em idade fértil com exposição a COC superior a 5 anos, comparativamente a exposição inferior a 5 anos.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether bacterial inoculation improves the fermentative, microbiological, and chemical characteristics of silages of the elephant grass cv. BRS Capiaçu on different regrowth days. The experimental design was completely randomized and set up in a 3x2 factorial arrangement (three regrowth days, with and without inoculant), with four replications. There was a significant interaction between the regrowth days and inoculant on the pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), and effluent losses (EL) of the silages. Inoculation decreased the EL with the advance of regrowth days and increased the dry matter recovery index compared to the silages without inoculant. The population of molds and yeasts decreased when inoculation was adopted to the forage harvested after 85 d. There was a significant interaction between the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) contents of the silages. Inoculation in the grass harvested after 85 d increased the DM contents of the silage. The highest CP contents were observed in the silages after 85 d. The NDFap contents of the grasses harvested after 110 and 135 d were higher than those of the grass harvested after 85 d. The NDFap contents of the silages without inoculant increased with the harvest age. The BRS Capiaçu forage silage harvested at 110 d demonstrated favorable performance for silage production. However, the influence of inoculant use was low for the characteristics evaluated.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si la inoculación bacteriana mejora las características fermentativas, microbiológicas y químicas de los ensilados del pasto elefante cv. BRS Capiaçu en diferentes días de rebrote. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y se estableció en un arreglo factorial 3x2 (tres días de rebrote, con y sin inoculante), con cuatro repeticiones. Hubo una interacción significativa entre los días de rebrote y el inoculante sobre el pH, el nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3) y las pérdidas por efluentes (PE) de los ensilados. La inoculación disminuyó la PE con el avance de los días de rebrote y aumentó la tasa de recuperación de materia seca en comparación con los ensilados sin inoculante. La población de mohos y levaduras disminuyó cuando se adoptó la inoculación al forraje cosechado después de 85 d. Hubo una interacción significativa entre la materia seca (MS), la proteína cruda (PC) y la fibra detergente neutro corregida por los contenidos de cenizas y proteína (FDNcp) de los ensilados. La inoculación en el pasto cosechado después de 85 días aumentó el contenido de MS del ensilado. Los mayores contenidos de PC se observaron en los ensilados después de 85 días. Los contenidos de FDNcp de los pastos cosechados después de 110 y 135 días fueron mayores que el del pasto cosechado después de 85 días. El contenido de FDNcp de los ensilados sin inoculante aumentó con la edad de cosecha. El ensilado de forraje de BRS Capiaçu cosechado a los 110 días demostró un desempeño favorable para la producción de ensilado. Sin embargo, la influencia del uso de inoculantes fue baja para las características evaluadas.

Abstract In Brazil, 65% of the electric power production comes from hydroelectric power plants (HPPs). In some cases, these power plants divert the course of rivers, resulting in regions impacted by the absence of water, which are known as reduced fow sections (RFS). These sections are regulated by legislation and aim to maintain the minimum fow necessary to preserve the fauna, flora, fish, and human consumption in the region. Depending on the time of year, this minimum flow, also known as ecological flow (residual flow), can reach significant values, resulting in the interruption of power generation in these HPPs. This article presents a study case of two hydroelectric power plants located in different Brazilian states. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of implementing auxiliary generator groups that can operate uninterruptedly at different drop heights while ensuring the preservation of residual flow during low flow periods or taking advantage of the overflow flow by spillways during high flow periods. This auxiliary system would use the same set of structures and transmission systems as the main power plant, minimizing environmental impacts and implementation costs, allowing this solution to be implemented in HPPs that face this type of problem in Brazil. The results obtained indicate that HPPs with larger reservoirs have a greater ability to maintain residual flows with minimal generation loss and that run-of-the-river power plants are the most impacted by the maintenance of residual flow.

Abstract Cornstarch is one of the most used depressants in mineral flotation operations. However, corn is a costly input for the Brazilian mineral industry, since its main destination is to serve the animal and human food market and exports. In this study, sorghum and millet, two cheaper starch sources, were tested in order to reduce the mining dependence on corn. A simplex lattice design mixture {3,4} was used to evaluate the best proportion of corn, millet, and sorghum flours to be used as a pyrochlore depressant in relation to the industrially adopted cornstarch (Stargill 6172 supplied by Cargill). Flotation tests were carried out on a bench scale Denver flotation cell. All tests were performed in triplicate in a single rougher stage. The results found suggest that sorghum flour was a stronger pyrochlore depressant compared to corn and millet flours, with an average Nb2O5 content of 1.72 ± 0.05% and recovery of 80.75 ± 4.10%. These values were close to the ones found with Stargill 6172 (1.32 ± 0.02 and 80.95 ± 1.13%, Nb2O5 content and recovery, respectively), the industrially adopted depressant. The marked price and the easiness in the production of the flour in relation to the extraction of starches makes the sorghum flour a potential pyrochlore depressant, replacing the industrially used cornstarch.

In light of the need for social isolation caused by the pandemic, in-person classes were suspended, making way for emergency remote teaching (ERT). This abrupt transition allowed for no planning or preparation for the individuals involved in the teaching-learning process. In this context, it fell upon the educators to adapt to this new, atypical reality. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and challenges faced by teachers at IF Sudeste MG - Campus Rio Pomba during ERT and its impacts on the teaching-learning process. To achieve this, a structured questionnaire with the participation of 41 educators was used. Difficulties related to pedagogical training, use of technological tools and active teaching methodologies (ATM), and the adaptive process of educators were highlighted. Educators did not consider ERT capable of efficiently fulfilling the objectives of the disciplines, although they acknowledged the necessary institutional support. The self-assessment of teaching performance during ERT was predominantly positive. Prior to ERT, the use of ATM was lower, especially among educators above 40 years old and males; furthermore, difficulties in using ATM increased with age, with more males reporting not using them. The adaptation to ERT was considered moderate, and more educators aged 40 to 49 reported dissatisfaction with the work environment. Educators above 40 years old and females had a higher incidence of negative psychological symptoms during ERT. This study highlights the challenges educators faced during ERT, especially those over 40 years old and females.

Ante la necesidad de aislamiento social causada por la pandemia, las clases presenciales fueron suspendidas dando paso a la enseñanza remota de emergencia (ERE). Esta transición abrupta no permitió ningún tipo de planificación o preparación para los actores involucrados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En este contexto, a los docentes les correspondió el desafío de adaptarse a esta nueva realidad atípica. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características y desafíos enfrentados por los profesores del IF Sudeste MG - Campus Rio Pomba durante la ERE y sus impactos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado con la participación de 41 docentes. Se evidenciaron dificultades relacionadas con la formación pedagógica, el uso de herramientas tecnológicas y de metodologías activas de enseñanza (MAE). Los docentes no consideraron que la ERE fuera capaz de cumplir eficientemente con los objetivos de las disciplinas, a pesar de reconocer el apoyo institucional necesario. La autoevaluación del desempeño docente durante la ERE fue predominantemente positiva. Antes de la ERE, el uso de MAE era menor, especialmente entre los docentes mayores de 40 años y los hombres; además, las dificultades en el uso de MAE aumentaron con la edad, siendo que más hombres informaron no utilizarlas. La adaptación a la ERE fue considerada moderada, y más docentes de 40 a 49 años informaron insatisfacción con el ambiente de trabajo. Los docentes mayores de 40 años y las mujeres tuvieron una incidencia de síntomas psicológicos negativos durante la ERE y enfrentaron mayores desafíos.

Diante da necessidade do isolamento social causada pela pandemia, as aulas presenciais foram suspensas dando lugar ao ensino remoto emergencial (ERE). Essa migração abrupta não permitiu nenhum planejamento ou preparação dos atores envolvidos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, coube ao docente o desafio de adaptar-se a essa nova realidade atípica. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com o presente estudo, descrever as características e desafios enfrentados pelos professores do IF Sudeste MG - Campus Rio Pomba durante o ERE e seus impactos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para isso, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado com participação de 41 docentes. Dificuldades relacionadas a formação pedagógica, uso de ferramentas tecnológicas e de metodologias ativas de ensino (MAE) e processo adaptativo dos docentes foram evidenciadas. Docentes não consideraram o ERE capaz de suprir eficientemente os objetivos das disciplinas, apesar de considerarem que houve apoio institucional necessário. A autoavaliação do desempenho docente durante o ERE foi predominantemente positiva. Antes do ERE, o uso de MAE era menor, especialmente entre os docentes acima de 40 anos e homens, além disso, as dificuldades do uso de MAE aumentaram com a idade, sendo que mais homens relataram não as utilizar. A adaptação ao ERE foi considerada mediana e, mais docentes de 40 a 49 anos relataram insatisfação com o ambiente de trabalho. Docentes acima de 40 anos e mulheres tiveram maior incidência de sintomas psicológicos negativos no ERE. Esse trabalho evidencia o desafio que os docentes passaram durante o ERE, especialmente para aqueles maiores de 40 anos e mulheres.

This work addresses affectivity as one of the components of teaching-learning relationships in Early Childhood Education. More specifically, it discusses the repercussions of different social markers (gender, race/color, and the presence of disabilities or neurodevelopmental disorders) on expressions of affection towards children in the initial stage of basic education. Drawing on the theoretical contributions of Henri Wallon regarding affectivity as a form of interaction with the environment, as well as social childhood studies, the aim was to ascertain whether certain children, based on their characteristics, were more likely to be the target of affectionate demonstrations by teachers and other adults present in the classroom, while others, also due to their specificities, tended to be treated with indifference and lack of affection. An ethnographic type of observation was conducted in Early Childhood Education institutions in a municipality in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais/Brazil). An association was identified between the children's profiles and the greater or lesser presence of verbal and non-verbal expressions of affection, as well as the persistence of different forms of discrimination and physical and symbolic violence towards the children.

Este trabajo aborda la afectividad como uno de los componentes de las relaciones de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la Educación Infantil. Más específicamente, analiza las repercusiones de diferentes marcadores sociales (género, raza/color y la presencia de discapacidades o trastornos del neurodesarrollo) en las expresiones de afecto hacia los niños en la etapa inicial de la educación básica. Basándose en las contribuciones teóricas de Henri Wallon en lo que respecta a la afectividad como una forma de interacción con el entorno, así como en los estudios sobre la infancia en la sociedad, el objetivo fue determinar si ciertos niños, en función de sus características, eran más propensos a ser el blanco de demostraciones afectuosas por parte de los maestros y otros adultos presentes en el aula, mientras que otros, también debido a sus especificidades, tendían a ser tratados con indiferencia y falta de afecto. Se realizó un tipo de observación etnográfica en instituciones de Educación Infantil en un municipio de la región metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais/Brasil). Se identificó una asociación entre los perfiles de los niños y la mayor o menor presencia de expresiones verbales y no verbales de afecto, así como la persistencia de diferentes formas de discriminación y violencia física y simbólica hacia los niños.

Este trabalho aborda a afetividade como um dos componentes das relações de ensino-aprendizagem na Educação Infantil. Mais especificamente, discute as repercussões de diferentes marcadores sociais (gênero, raça/cor e presença de deficiência ou transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento) nas manifestações de afeto para com as crianças da primeira etapa da educação básica. Tendo como base as contribuições teóricas de Henri Wallon sobre a afetividade como forma de interação com o meio; e os estudos sociais da infância, buscou-se verificar se algumas crianças, por suas características, seriam mais propensas a serem alvo de demonstrações afetivas por parte de professores e demais adultos presentes em sala; enquanto outras – também por suas especificidades – tenderiam a serem tratadas com indiferença e desafeição. Foi desenvolvida observação de tipo etnográfica em instituições de Educação Infantil de um município da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais/Brasil). Identificou-se associação entre o perfil das crianças e a maior ou menor presença de manifestações verbais e não verbais de afeto, bem como a persistência de diferentes discriminações e violências físicas e simbólicas para com as crianças.

Abstract Background: Only a fraction of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) will eventually progress toward systemic disease (SLE). Objective: To find inflammatory biomarkers which could predict the progression of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. Methods: Immunohistochemical markers for cytotoxic, inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory responses and morphometric methods were applied to routine paraffin sections of skin biopsies, taken from lesions of 59 patients with discoid lupus, subacute lupus, and lupus tumidus. For the diagnosis of SLE, patients were classified by both the American College of Rheumatology (ACR-82) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC-12) systems. Results: Skin samples from CLE/SLE +patients presented higher expression of IL-1β (ARC-82: p = 0.024; SLICC-12: p = 0.0143) and a significantly higher number of cells marked with granzyme B and perforin (ARC: p = 0.0097; SLICC-12: p = 0.0148). Biopsies from CLE/SLE- individuals had higher expression of IL-17 (ARC-82: p = 0.0003; SLICC-12: p = 0.0351) and presented a positive correlation between the density of granzyme A+and FoxP3+ cells (ARC-82: p = 0.0257; SLICC-12: p = 0.0285) and CD8+ cells (ARC-82: p = 0.0075; SLICC-12: p = 0.0102), as well as between granulysin-positive and CD8+ cells (ARC-82: p = 0.0024; SLICC-12: p = 0.0116). Study limitations: Patients were evaluated at a specific point in their evolution and according to the presence or not of systemic disease. The authors cannot predict how many more, from each group, would have evolved towards SLE in the following years. Conclusions: In this cohort, immunohistochemical findings suggested that patients with a tendency to systemic disease will show strong reactivity for IL-1β, while those with purely cutaneous involvement will tend to express IL-17 more intensely.

Abstract Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is an alternative treatment for patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: The authors evaluated the effect of MTX on the cutaneous expression of cytokines and chemokines that are involved in the inflammatory response in adult AD patients who received treatment with methotrexate for 24 weeks. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective single-institution cohort study with 12 adults with moderate/severe AD who received oral MTX (15 mg/wk for 24 wks) and 10 non-atopic matched controls. The comparison was made of skin biopsies of lesional and non-lesional skin, pre- and post MTX treatment. The authors analyzed mean epidermal thickness and expression of IL-31, IL-31RA, OSMR, TSLP, Ki67, IL-4 mRNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TARC, and CCL-22. Results: There was a reduction in mean epidermal thickness (p = 0.021), an increase in IL-31RA expression (immunohistochemistry) in the epidermis (p = 0.016) and a decrease in IL-31 gene expression (p = 0.019) on lesional AD skin post-MTX treatment. No significant changes in the cutaneous expression of the other evaluated markers were identified. Study limitations: Small sample size and limited length of follow-up. Conclusions: Treatment with MTX in adults with moderate/severe AD reduced epidermal hyperplasia and changed the cutaneous expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors that are mainly related to pruritus, including IL-31 and IL-31RA.

Abstract This study investigated consumers' perceptions of adding bee pollen to bread. An attitude questionnaire composed of 48 statements related to "general health," "light products," "natural products," "salty products," "food as a reward," "pleasure," and "food neophobia" was answered by the participants, who indicated their level of agreement with each statement according to a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from (1) "totally disagree" to (5) "totally agree." A check-all-that-apply (CATA) questionnaire was also employed to characterize 12 visual stimuli. The creation of stimuli was carried out using a factorial design, resulting in 12 images of bread. Three clusters of consumers were identified, each associating positive attributes with stimuli containing bee pollen, regardless of the health claim, while negative attributes were associated with stimuli without added pollen. The main positive drivers of liking were "I would buy," "attractive," "pleasant color," "healthy," "light," and "natural." On the other hand, the negative drivers of liking were "unattractive," "I don't like it," "I wouldn't buy," "hard," and "unpleasant color." This study provides valuable information for developing healthier bread using natural ingredients with bioactive compounds, such as bee pollen.