Resumo Lajes com fôrmas metálicas utilizadas durante a concretagem são um sistema estrutural misto composto de aço e concreto. O modo de falha por cisalhamento horizontal é o mais comum em lajes mistas com bases em numerosos estudos experimentais. Esta falha consiste na perda de aderência e contato mecânico do sistema misto e, frequentemente, ocorre antes do sistema atingir sua capacidade máxima à flexão plástica. Assim, o projeto deste sistema construtivo é determinado pela sua resistência ao cisalhamento longitudinal, que pode ser determinada pelo método semiempírico convencional m-k com base no ensaio de flexão de quatro pontos proposto por diversas normas. Um dos fatores conhecidos de maior influência na resistência ao cisalhamento longitudinal é a geometria das mossas presentes na fôrma metálica. Simulações computacionais por meio do método dos elementos finitos calibradas com base em resultados experimentais podem ser uma alternativa à realização deste tipo de ensaio. O presente trabalho modificou e adaptou uma metodologia que inclui explicitamente a geometria das mossas na análise de modo a usar materiais e produtos com características disponíveis para os engenheiros estruturais do Brasil e usou esta metodologia para derivar coeficientes m-k. Isto foi feito com o objetivo de simular numericamente o efeito de parâmetros relevantes para determinar a resistência ao cisalhamento longitudinal na interface aço-concreto de lajes mistas. Gráficos de força versus deslocamentos foram obtidos e os valores dos coeficientes m-k foram comparados com aqueles de outros autores na literatura. As simulações apresentaram valores consistentes com a literatura e, em relação ao modo de ruptura por cisalhamento longitudinal, as simulações numéricas realizadas apresentaram resistências últimas com bom ajuste medido pelo coeficiente de determinação convencional chegando a um valor bom para a relação semiempírica utilizando os resultados dos dados de elementos finitos. concreto frequentemente plástica Assim mk m k normas metálica mk. k. açoconcreto

Abstract Slabs with cast-in-place steel formwork are composite structural elements composed of concrete and steel. The horizontal shear failure mode is the most common in composite slabs based on numerous experimental studies. This failure mode consists of loss of adherence and mechanical contact at the interface of the composite system and often occurs before the system reaches its full bending capacity. Thus, the design of this constructive system is determined by the value of the longitudinal shear strength, which can be computed by the semi-empirical so-called traditional m-k method based on the four-point bending test proposed by several standards. One of the most known factors to influence the longitudinal shear strength is the geometry of embossments present in the steel work. Calibrated computational simulation using the finite element method can be an alternative way to simulate this type of test. The present work modified and adapted a methodology explicitly including the geometry of embossments in the analysis in order to use materials and products with characteristics available to structural engineers in Brazil and used this methodology to derive m-k coefficients. This is being made with the objective of numerically simulating the effect of relevant parameters for determining the longitudinal shear strength at the concrete-steel interface of composite slabs. Force versus slip, force versus displacement graphs were obtained and the m-k coefficient values found were compared with those of other authors in the literature. The simulations presented values consistent with the literature and in relation to the rupture mode by longitudinal shear, the numerical simulations performed presented ultimate strengths with goodness-of-fit measured by the conventional coefficient of determination, reaching a good value for the semi-empirical relation using the results of the finite element data. castinplace cast place studies capacity Thus semiempirical semi empirical socalled so called mk m k fourpoint four point standards coefficients concretesteel slip goodnessoffit goodness fit determination data

ABSTRACT: The present study proposed to describe, through a literature review, the use of new therapeutic management which allows for offering a better quality of life to individuals affected by these pathologies. A bibliographic search was conducted in the main health databases PUBMED (www.pubmed.gov) and Scholar Google (www.scholar.google.com.br), in which studies published from 1987 to 2023 were collected. In the first stage, the list of retrieved articles was examined by reading the titles and abstracts. In the second stage, the studies were selected by reading the full contents. Two authors (JDMM and DAQ) performed stages 1 and 2. Experimental, clinical, case-control, randomized controlled, and laboratory cohort studies, case reports, systematic reviews, and literature reviews, which were developed in living individuals, were included. Therefore, articles that did not deal with the subject in question, letters to the editor, opinion articles, duplicated literature in databases, and literature that did not address the variables under study, we re excluded. Contemporary dentistry uses alternative treatments capable of improving the patient's condition since a cure is not always possible. Therefore, the possibility of improving the quality of life becomes an important point to be reached. Evidence-based healthcare has made great advances in recent decades, especially in the areas of orofacial pain, TMD, and occlusion, especially related to orthodontic, prosthetic, and restorative care.

RESUMEN: En el presente estudio se propuso describir, a través de una revisión bibliográfica, el uso de nuevos manejos terapéuticos que permitan brindar una mejor calidad de vida a los individuos afectados por estas patologías. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las principales bases de datos de salud PUBMED (www.pubmed.gov) y Scholar Google (www.scholar.google.com.br), en las que se recopilaron estudios publicados entre 1987 y 2023. En la primera etapa, se examinó la lista de artículos recuperados mediante la lectura de los títulos y resúmenes. En la segunda etapa, los estudios fueron seleccionados mediante la lectura del contenido completo. Dos autores (JDMM y DAQ) realizaron las etapas 1 y 2. Se incluyeron estudios de cohortes experimentales, clínicos, de casos y controles, controlados aleatorios y de laboratorio, informes de casos, revisiones sistemáticas y revisiones de la literatura, que se desarrollaron en individuos vivos. Por lo tanto, se excluyeron artículos que no trataran el tema en cuestión, cartas al editor, artículos de opinión, literatura duplicada en bases de datos y literatura que no abordara las variables en estudio. La odontología contemporánea utiliza tratamientos alternativos capaces de mejorar el estado del paciente, ya que no siempre es posible la curación. Por lo tanto, la posibilidad de mejorar la calidad de vida se convierte en un objetivo importante. La atención médica basada en la evidencia ha logrado grandes avances en las últimas décadas, especialmente en las áreas de dolor orofacial, TMD y oclusión, especialmente en relación con la atención de ortodoncia, prótesis y restauración.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of information on gestational syphilis (GS) and congenital syphilis (CS) on the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN-Syphilis Brazil – Notifiable Diseases Information System) by compiling and validating completeness indicators between 2007 and 2018. METHODS Overall, care, and socioeconomic completeness scores were compiled based on selected variables, by using ad hoc weights assigned by experts. The completeness scores were analysed, considering the region and area of residence, the pregnant woman’s race/colour, and the year of case notification. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to validate the scores obtained by the weighted average method, compared with the values obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS Most selected variables presented a good or excellent degree of completeness for GS and CS, except for clinical classification, pregnant woman’s level of education, partner’s treatment, and child’s race/colour, which were classified as poor or very poor. The overall (89.93% versus 89.69%) and socioeconomic (88.71% versus 88.24%) completeness scores for GS and CS, respectively, were classified as regular, whereas the care score (GS-90.88%, and CS-90.72%) was good, despite improvements over time. Differences in the overall, care and socioeconomic completeness scores according to region, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups were reported for syphilis notifications. The completeness scores estimated by the weighted average method and PCA showed a strong linear correlation (> 0.90). CONCLUSION The completeness of GS and CS notifications has been improving in recent years, highlighting the variables that form the care score, compared with the socioeconomic scores, despite differences between regions, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups. The weighted average was a viable methodological alternative easily operationalised to estimate data completeness scores, allowing routine monitoring of the completeness of gestational and congenital syphilis records.

ABSTRACT COVID-19 is commonly associated with high serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the post-infection status can disturb self-tolerance and trigger autoimmune responses. We are reporting a 45-year-old male who was admitted with fatigue, jaundice, elevated liver enzymes (with cholestatic pattern), and acute kidney injury two weeks after recovering from a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serologies for viral hepatitis and anti-mitochondrial antibody were negative, while anti-nuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibodies were positive. There were no signs of chronic liver disease, and a magnetic resonance cholangiography showed no dilatation of biliary ducts. Histologic evaluation of the liver evidenced numerous foci of lobular necrosis without ductopenia or portal biliary reaction. Considering the autoantibody profile and histologic changes, the medical team started oral prednisone, but there was a suboptimal biochemical response in the outpatient follow-up. Two months later, a second liver biopsy was performed and revealed non-suppurative destructive chronic cholangitis, extensive areas of confluent necrosis with hepatocytes regenerating into pseudorosettes, and numerous plasma cells. According to the Paris Criteria, the patient was then diagnosed with an autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome (AIH-PBC-OS). After adding azathioprine and ursodeoxycholic acid to the treatment, there was a satisfactory response. This is the second worldwide report of an AIH-PBC-OS triggered by COVID-19, but the first case with a negative anti-mitochondrial antibody. In this setting, histologic evaluation of the liver by an experienced pathologist is a hallmark of achieving the diagnosis and correctly treat the patient.

ABSTRACT The Cerambycidae Oncideres impluviata (Germar, 1823) is an important insect pest for Acacia mearnsii De Wild in Southern Brazil. The damage caused by their girdling behavior reduces tree productivity, specially in the early years of plant establishment, when girdling is performed on the main trunk of trees. Here, we used a fragment of the mtDNA COI gene to analyze the genetic diversity, population structure and demography of O. impluviata in Southern Brazil, as well as to present the first hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus Oncideres. Our results identified five distinct haplotypes among the populations of O. impluviata, with the most common haplotype identified as O.imp_COI_01. The phylogenetic inferences corroborated the monophyly of O. impluviata with maximum statistical support. In addition, the phylogeny recovered three main population strains that are largely congruent with the haplotype network, which includes two lineages that are found in different edaphic regions of Rio Grande do Sul (Serra do Sudeste and Encosta Inferior do Nordeste). This is the first molecular phylogenetic assessment of O. impluviata. Our findings provide insights into the evolution of a significant species for the Brazilian forestry sector, as well as new resources for planning of pest management strategies.

Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism are rare disorders with few therapeutic options for their treatments, which can make patients suffer with complications. Therefore, compounded drugs might be a promising option given that they have the ability of meeting the patient’s specific needs, (i) identification of the main drugs described in the literature; (ii) proposal of compounding systems and (iii) calculation of the budgetary addition for the inclusion of these drugs into the Brazilian Unified Health System. The research conducted a literature review and used management data as well as data obtained from official Federal District government websites. The study identified 31 drugs for the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism. Fifty eight percent (58%) (18) of the medicines had their current demand identified, which are currently unmet by the local Health System. The estimated budget for the production of compounded drugs was of R$363,16.98 per year for approximately 300 patients. This estimated cost represents a budgetary addition of only 0.17% from the total of expenditures planned for drug acquirement. There is a therapeutic gap for inborn errors of metabolism and compounding pharmacies show potential in ensuring access to medicine therapy with a low-cost investment.

Abstract Conceived in the 1960s, a period of great economic and social transformations in Brazil, Folkcommunication was born with the aim of overcoming Communication problems by seeing and understanding the reactions of a people who lived on the margins, without any engagement with the media. In this same period, the coupling of “communication” and “development” seeks a public atmosphere favorable to social transformation in Latin America. Considering that the two theoretical approaches complement each other, this work proposes a crossing between Folkcommunication and Communication for Development (C4D), based on a literature review. The contribution of this research is based on the recognition of folkcommunication within the perspective of social development and on the appreciation of the dialogue between the two aspects.

Resumen Durante la década de 1960, período de grandes cambios económicos y sociales en Brasil, la Folkcomunicación nació con el objetivo de suplir problemas de la Comunicación, a partir de la observación y comprensión de las reacciones de un pueblo que vivía al margen, y sin compromiso con los medios de comunicación. En el mismo período, la “comunicación” y el “desarrollo”, buscó un clima público favorable a la transformación social en América Latina. Por considerar que los dos enfoques teóricos se complementan, el presente trabajo propone un cruce entre Folkcomunicación y Comunicación para el Desarrollo (C4D), a partir de una revisión bibliográfica. La contribución de esta investigación se basa en el reconocimiento de la Folkcomunicación desde la perspectiva del desarrollo social y en la valorización del diálogo entre las dos vertientes.

Resumo Pensada na década de 1960, período de grandes transformações econômicas e sociais no Brasil, a Folkcomunicação nasce com o objetivo de suprir os problemas da Comunicação ao enxergar e compreender as reações de um povo que vivia à margem, sem engajamento com os meios de comunicação. Neste mesmo período, a acoplagem “comunicação” e “desenvolvimento” busca uma atmosfera pública favorável à transformação social na América Latina. Por considerar que as duas abordagens teóricas se complementam, o presente trabalho propõe um cruzamento entre a Folkcomunicação e a Comunicação para o Desenvolvimento (C4D), a partir de revisão bibliográfica. A contribuição desta pesquisa se baseia no reconhecimento da Folkcomunicação dentro da perspectiva do desenvolvimento social e na valorização do diálogo entre as duas vertentes.

Abstract Hydrocotyle umbellata L., Araliaceae, is a species that is recommended in Ayurvedic medicine for its effects on the central nervous system, such as anxiolytic and memory-stimulant effects. Despite the medicinal potential of this species, its phytopharmaceutical and technological potential to produce standardized extracts has not been investigated. This study analyzes the influence of spray drying parameters on the contents of the chemical markers (total phenolic, total flavonoid, and hibalactone) and the functional properties of H. umbellata extract. The optimization of drying conditions was performed using a central composite design combined with response surface methodology and desirability function approach. The mathematical models fitted to experimental data indicated that all the evaluated drying parameters significantly influenced the chemical contents. The optimal conditions were: inlet temperature of 120 °C, feed flow rate of 4 mL min-1, and colloidal silicon dioxide:maltodextrin ratio of 16%:4%. Under these conditions, the powder samples had spherical particles and desirable physicochemical and functional properties, such as low water activity and moisture content, good product recovery, reconstitution, and flowability. Thus, spray drying might be a promising technique for processing standardized H. umbellata extracts.

ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis and Parvovirus B19 infection present silent and gradual evolution, since the former is a degenerative process while the latter is often asymptomatic and may persist in the individual’s body during their life. This study aims to analyze clinical studies that establish a correlation between degenerative osteoarthritis and Parvovirus B19 infection. Of the 62 studies found, 25 were chosen for reading in full. Analyzing only the studies that establish the correlation between the pathologies, seven confirm this relationship between Parvovirus B19 and Osteoarthritis, while one reports no relationship. No objective correlation could be found between the other articles studied. Our findings suggest that there is a close relationship between Parvovirus B19 and Osteoarthritis, with a higher prevalence of acquired causes, women and older adults, but it can manifest during life. However, it is essential to carry out new studies involving family history of patients with Osteoarthritis with positivity of Parvovirus B19, cohort studies between childhood and adult-old adult, so that it can elucidate this duality of congenital-acquired cause and, finally, raise treatment alternatives. Level of Evidence II, Systematic Review of Level II Studies.

RESUMO Tanto a osteoartrite quanto a infecção pelo parvovírus B19 apresentam evolução muitas vezes silenciosa e gradual, uma vez que a primeira é um processo degenerativo, e a segunda é geralmente assintomática, podendo persistir no corpo do indivíduo por toda a sua vida. Esta revisão bibliográfica visa analisar estudos clínicos que estabeleceram a correlação entre a osteoartrite degenerativa e a infecção pelo parvovírus B19. Dos 62 artigos encontrados, foram eleitos 25 para leitura em sua totalidade. Analisando apenas os artigos que estabelecem a relação entre as patologias, temos sete que confirmaram essa relação, enquanto um deles afirmou que não há relação. Não houve correlação objetiva entre os demais artigos estudados. Nossos resultados sugerem que há estreita relação entre a osteoartrite e o parvovírus B19, que tende a ser uma doença de causa adquirida com maior prevalência em mulheres e idosos, porém que pode se manifestar durante toda a vida. Contudo, é crucial a realização de novos estudos envolvendo antecedentes familiares de pacientes com osteoartrite e com positividade para o parvovírus B19 e estudos de coorte entre a infância e o adulto-idoso, a fim de elucidar essa dualidade de causa congênita-adquirida e, enfim, levantar alternativas de tratamento. Nível de Evidência II, Revisão Sistemática de Estudos de Nível II.

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the effects of maternal low-protein diet on the oxidative stress in the hypothalamus of 60-day-old rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups according to the mother’s diet during pregnancy and lactation; control group (NP:17% casein n=6) and a malnourished group (LP:8% casein n=6). At 60 days of life, the rats were sacrificed for the collection of the hypothalamus for further biochemical analysis. Results Our results showed an increase in oxidative stress in malnourished group, observed through an increase in carbonyl content (p=0.0357), a reduction in the activity of the glutathione-S-transferase enzyme (p=0.0257), and a reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity evidenced by the decrease in the ratio reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (p=0.0406) and total thiol levels (p=0.0166). Conclusion A low-protein diet during pregnancy and lactation is closely associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant capacity in the hypothalamus of sixty-day-old rats.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos da restrição proteica materna sobre o estresse oxidativo no hipotálamo de ratos de 60 dias de idade. Métodos Ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais de acordo com a dieta da mãe durante a gestação e lactação: grupo controle (NP: 17% caseína n=6) e grupo desnutrido (LP: 8% caseína n=6). Aos 60 dias de vida, os ratos foram sacrificados para coleta do hipotálamo para posterior análise bioquímica. Resultados Os resultados demonstraram aumento do estresse oxidativo no grupo desnutrido, observado através do aumento do conteúdo de cabonilas (p=0,0357) e redução da atividade da enzima glutationa-S-transferase (p=0,0257) e da capacidade antioxidante não enzimática, evidenciada pela queda da razão glutationa reduzida/glutationa oxidada (p=0,0406) e dos níveis de tióis totais (p=0,0166). Conclusão Uma dieta com baixo teor de proteínas durante a gestação e lactação está intimamente associada ao aumento do estresse oxidativo e à redução da capacidade antioxidante no hipotálamo de ratos de 60 dias de vida.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of information on gestational syphilis (GS) and congenital syphilis (CS) on the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN-Syphilis Brazil – Notifiable Diseases Information System) by compiling and validating completeness indicators between 2007 and 2018. METHODS Overall, care, and socioeconomic completeness scores were compiled based on selected variables, by using ad hoc weights assigned by experts. The completeness scores were analysed, considering the region and area of residence, the pregnant woman’s race/colour, and the year of case notification. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to validate the scores obtained by the weighted average method, compared with the values obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS Most selected variables presented a good or excellent degree of completeness for GS and CS, except for clinical classification, pregnant woman’s level of education, partner’s treatment, and child’s race/colour, which were classified as poor or very poor. The overall (89.93% versus 89.69%) and socioeconomic (88.71% versus 88.24%) completeness scores for GS and CS, respectively, were classified as regular, whereas the care score (GS-90.88%, and CS-90.72%) was good, despite improvements over time. Differences in the overall, care and socioeconomic completeness scores according to region, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups were reported for syphilis notifications. The completeness scores estimated by the weighted average method and PCA showed a strong linear correlation (> 0.90). CONCLUSION The completeness of GS and CS notifications has been improving in recent years, highlighting the variables that form the care score, compared with the socioeconomic scores, despite differences between regions, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups. The weighted average was a viable methodological alternative easily operationalised to estimate data completeness scores, allowing routine monitoring of the completeness of gestational and congenital syphilis records.

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on spine surgeries at a Reference Center for High Complexity Urgencies in Goiás. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was carried out based on data from medical records of patients undergoing spine surgery between September 2017 and September 2021. Volunteers were divided into two groups: before and during the pandemic, considering April 2020 as a starting point. The following was extracted from the medical records: age, gender, education, etiology, neurological deficit, region of the spine addressed, mechanism of trauma, fractured vertebrae, type of fracture, length of stay in the ICU, COVID test (PCR), and deaths. Student t, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact statistical tests were used to compare the preand post-pandemic profiles. In addition, Spearman’s correlation test was applied to verify the correlation between variables, considering p<0.05. Results: 388 medical records were analyzed, showing a 15% increase in spine surgeries during the pandemic. There was a significant difference in the etiology of surgeries (p=0.05), with lumbar trauma being more prevalent in men and also more cases of neurological deficits (p=0.001). There was also a reduction in the length of stay in the ICU (p=0.0001), which was lower during the pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic did not directly impact the number of surgeries performed at a Reference Hospital in High Complexity Urgencies in Goiás, but there was a prioritization of emergency surgeries. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective Study.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estudiar el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las cirugías de columna en un Centro de Referencia para Urgencias de Alta Complejidad en Goiás. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo a partir de datos de historias clínicas de pacientes operados de la columna entre septiembre de 2017 y septiembre de 2021. Los voluntarios se dividieron en dos grupos: antes de la pandemia y durante la pandemia, considerando abril de 2020 como punto de partida. De las historias clínicas se extrajo: edad, sexo, escolaridad, etiología, déficit neurológico, región de la columna abordada, mecanismo del trauma, vértebras fracturadas, tipo de fractura, tiempo de estancia en la UCI, test COVID (PCR) y fallecidos. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas t de Student, chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher para comparar el perfil pre y postpandemia. Además, se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Spearman para verificar la correlación entre las variables, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: se analizaron 388 historias clínicas, mostrando un aumento del 15% en las cirugías de columna durante la pandemia. Hubo una diferencia significativa en la etiología de las cirugías (p=0,05), siendo más frecuente el traumatismo lumbar en los hombres y también más casos de déficit neurológico (p=0,001). También hubo una reducción en la estancia en la UTI (p=0,0001), que fue menor durante la pandemia. Conclusión: La pandemia de COVID-19 no impactó directamente en el número de cirugías realizadas en un Hospital de Referencia en Urgencias de Alta Complejidad en Goiás, pero hubo una priorización de las cirugías de emergencia. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio Retrospectivo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 nas cirurgias de coluna em um Centro de Referência em Urgências de Alta Complexidade em Goiás. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, observacional a partir de dados de prontuários médicos de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de coluna entre setembro de 2017 a setembro de 2021. Os voluntários foram divididos em dois grupos: antes da pandemia e durante a pandemia, considerando abril de 2020 como marco de início. Foram extraídos dos prontuários: idade, gênero, escolaridade, etiologia, déficit neurológico, região da coluna abordada, mecanismo de trauma, vértebras fraturadas, tipo de fratura, tempo de internação em UTI, teste de COVID (PCR) e óbitos. Utilizou-se os testes estatísticos T de Student, Qui quadrado e exato de Fisher para realizar a comparação entre o perfil pré e pós-pandemia. Além disso, foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Spearman para verificar a correlação entre as variáveis, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: Foram analisados 388 prontuários, constatando um aumento de 15% nas cirurgias de coluna durante a pandemia. Houve diferença significativa na etiologia das cirurgias (p=0,05), sendo mais prevalentes traumas lombares em homens e também mais casos de déficits neurológicos (p=0,001). Notou-se também uma redução no tempo de internação na UTI (p=0,0001), que foi menor durante a pandemia. Conclusão: A pandemia de COVID-19 não impactou diretamente na quantidade de cirurgias realizadas em um Hospital de Referência em Urgências de Alta Complexidade em Goiás, mas verificou-se uma priorização das cirurgias emergenciais. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo Retrospectivo.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Currently, not much is known about the interactions between voice and growth hormone (GH). We have described large kindred with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a GHRH receptor mutation, resulting in severe short stature and high-pitched voice. These IGHD individuals have little interest in GH treatment, as they consider themselves “short long-lived people”, rather than patients. Interestingly, they report normal general quality of life, but they rate their Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) as low. Here, we assessed the social and auditory-perceptual impacts of artistic-intervention voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) and choral singing, on their voices. Material and methods: Seventeen GH-naïve adult IGHD individuals were enrolled in a single-arm interventional pre-post study with 13 weekly sessions of choir singing over 90 days. Outcome measures were V-RQOL scores, self-assessment of voice, and auditory-perceptual analysis (GRBAS scale, G: grade of the severity of dysphonia; R: roughness; B: breathiness; A: asthenia; and S: strain). Results: Marked improvements in total (p = 0.0001), physical (p = 0.0002), and socioemotional (p = 0.0001) V-RQOL scores and in self-assessment of voice (p = 0.004) were found. The general grades of vocal deviation (p = 0.0001), roughness (p = 0.0001), breathiness (p = 0.0001) and strain (p = 0.0001) exhibited accentuated reductions. Conclusions: Voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral training improved social impact and perceptual voice assessments in IGHD subjects and markedly improved their voice-related quality of life. This is particularly important in a setting where GH replacement therapy is not widely accepted.

Resumo Este artigo estima o impacto de longo prazo de uma política de austeridade sobre as regiões brasileiras. A principal contribuição é medir esses efeitos a partir de um modelo dinâmico e inter-regional de equilíbrio geral computável, capturando os impactos indiretos em setores e regiões, somado aos efeitos diretos do corte dos gastos. Os principais resultados mostram que o ajuste fiscal atenuaria o crescimento na maioria dos estados brasileiros em 2037. Municípios localizados nas regiões mais pobres seriam relativamente mais afetados. Além disso, o ajuste teria um impacto negativo na desigualdade regional em todos os cenários, tanto a nível estadual quanto municipal.

Abstract This paper aims to estimate the long-term impacts of an austerity policy in the Brazilian regions. Our main contribution is to measure those effects using a dynamic interregional general equilibrium model, capturing the indirect impacts in sectors and regions, in addition to the direct effects of the expenditure cuts. The main results show that the fiscal adjustment would attenuate growth in most of the Brazilian states by 2037. Municipalities located in the poorest regions would be relatively more affected. Furthermore, the adjustment would have a negative impact on regional inequalities in all scenarios, both at the state and municipal levels.

Abstract The Lepidoptera family Saturniidae is commonly utilized as a bioindicator for ecosystem monitoring. During six years of sampling, the study explored the dynamics of the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, species richness, Pielou equity, dominance, and abundance ecological parameters under the effect of seasonality. The research took place in the Atlantic Forest remnants at Vale Natural Reserve in Linhares, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Blacklight traps were used to collect the samples. 1,445 specimens were collected and classified into four subfamilies, 30 genera, and 48 species. There is a large difference in richness and abundance due to temperature in different seasons. When the temperature drops, the abundance declines. When comparing years, equitability and dominance are not significant. During periods of more rainfall, there is a higher abundance of species (richness). Despite variations in abundance and diversity throughout the years, the Saturniidae are known for their low resistance and strong resilience.

Resumen La familia Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera), es comúnmente la más utilizada como bioindicador en el monitoreo de ecosistemas. Durante seis años de muestreo, el estudio exploró la dinámica de los parámetros ecológicos de riqueza de especies, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, equidad de Pielou, dominancia y abundancia, bajo el efecto de la estacionalidad. Se desarrolló en los remanentes de la Mata Atlántica en la Reserva Natural Vale en Linhares, Estado de Espirito Santo, Brasil. Se utilizaron trampas de luz negra para recolectar las muestras. Se recolectaron 1.445 especímenes representados en cuatro subfamilias, 30 géneros y 48 especies. En los diferentes períodos estacionales, se encontró una gran diferencia en riqueza y abundancia debido a la temperatura, por lo tanto, cuando bajaba la temperatura, la abundancia disminuía. Al comparar los seis años de muestreo, la equidad y el dominio no fueron significativos. Durante los períodos de mayor precipitación, hubo una mayor abundancia de especies (riqueza). A pesar de las variaciones en abundancia y diversidad a lo largo de los años, los Saturniidae son conocidos por su baja resistencia y fuerte resiliencia.