ABSTRACT The aim of the current research is trying to fill in the gap that exists in regard with the lack of knowledge about the psychological status of social care professionals who worked in an emergency social service for homeless people during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study measured work sastisfaction, burnout, fatigue, depression, and anxiety symptoms in a sample of 44 Spanish social care professionals who worked in the IFEMA Pabellón 14 Social Emergency Centre for Homeless People in Madrid, Spain. The study was carried out in four measurement moments (between April and May), and results showed that, overall, workers displayed good levels of psychological adaptation to their workplace during the two months and a half that the emergency centre was running, in spite of all the uncertainty and risks existing throughout that time.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la presente investigación es tratar de llenar el vacío existente por la falta de conocimiento sobre el estado psicológico de los profesionales del área de atención social que trabajaban en un servicio social de emergencia para personas sin hogar durante la crisis de COVID-19. El estudio midió los síntomas de satisfacción, burnout, fatiga, depresión y ansiedad en una muestra de 44 profesionales españoles de la asistencia social que han trabajado en el Centro de Emergencias Sociales para Personas sin Hogar de IFEMA, Pabellón 14, en Madrid (España). La medición tuvo lugar en cuatro momentos (entre abril y mayo) y los resultados indicaron que, en general, los trabajadores sociales mostraron un buen nivel de adaptación psicológica a su lugar de trabajo durante los dos meses y medio que estuvo funcionando el centro de emergencias, a pesar de toda la incertidumbre y los riesgos existentes a lo largo de este tiempo.

Abstract The study aim was to assess the effects of the health emergency and the stay-at-home restrictions on loneliness variables in the Spanish population during the initial stage of COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 3480 people. From March 14, 2020, screening tests were used to evaluate sociodemographic and COVID-19-related data on loneliness, social support, the presence of mental health symptoms, discrimination, and spiritual well-being. Descriptive analyses were conducted and linear regression models were constructed. A negative association was found between loneliness and being older, being partnered, having children, being a university graduate, being retired or still working, having stronger religious beliefs, believing that information provided about the pandemic was adequate, having social support, and having self-compassion. Actions that promote social support and further studies on loneliness in groups of older people are needed to prevent the pandemic having a stronger impact on mental health and well-being.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la emergencia sanitaria y el confinamiento de la primera oleada de COVID-19 sobre las variables de soledad en la población española. Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante una encuesta online a 3480 personas. Se evaluaron datos sociodemográficos y relacionados con la COVID-19 sobre la soledad, el apoyo social, la presencia de síntomas de salud mental, la discriminación y el bienestar espiritual mediante pruebas de detección a partir del 14 de marzo. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y se elaboraron modelos de regresión lineal. Pertenecer al grupo de mayor edad, vivir en pareja, tener hijos y estudios universitarios, estar jubilado o seguir trabajando, valorar bastante la religión, creer que se había proporcionado información adecuada sobre la pandemia, tener apoyo social y la autocompasión se relacionaron negativamente con la soledad. Son necesarias acciones que promuevan el apoyo social, así como un mayor estudio de la soledad en grupos de personas mayores, para evitar un mayor impacto de la pandemia en nuestra salud mental y bienestar.

Abstract: In the present article, the authors examine the reliability and validity of an instrument that, having previously been used in other populations, was considered to be of special interest for people with severe mental disorders. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) might be useful for the planning and implementation of intervention strategies on the social networks of this collective, taking into account their perception of social support. In order to test this hypothesis, we selected three centers of psychosocial rehabilitation for this population in the Community of Madrid (Spain). A sample of 59 people with severe mental disorder was recruited. Subjects were assessed with the MSPSS. The psychometric properties we found show that the MSPSS is an optimal tool for guiding interventions aimed at increasing the perception of support received from relatives, friends, and significant others.

Resumen: En el presente artículo, los autores examinan la fiabilidad y validez de un instrumento que, habiéndose utilizado en otras poblaciones, se consideró de especial interés para las personas con trastorno mental grave. La Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (EMAS) podría resultar útil para la planificación y aplicación de estrategias de intervención sobre las redes sociales de este colectivo, teniendo en cuenta su percepción de los apoyos sociales. Para poner a prueba esta hipótesis, se seleccionaron tres dispositivos de Rehabilitación Psicosocial para personas con trastorno mental grave de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se reclutó una muestra de 59 personas. Los sujetos fueron evaluados con la EMAS. Las propiedades psicométricas que encontramos muestran que la EMAS es una herramienta óptima para guiar las intervenciones dirigidas a incrementar la percepción de los apoyos recibidos procedentes de amigos, familia y otras personas relevantes.

Background: Countries following the traditional Mediterranean Diet, particularly Southern European countries, have lower prostate cancer incidence and mortality compared to other European regions. The beneficial effect has been attributed to a specific eating pattern. Objective: The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence to date on the effects of adherence to a Mediterranean Diet on prostate cancer risk; and to identify which elements of the Mediterranean diet are likely to protect against prostate cancer. Methods: The search for articles came from extensive research in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. We used the search terms "Mediterranean diet", "adherence", "fruit and vegetable", "olive oil", "fish" "legume", "cereal" "alcohol" "milk", "dairy product","prostate cancer", and combinations, such as "Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer" or "Olive oil and prostate cancer". Results: There is strong evidence supporting associations between foods that are typical of a Mediterranean eating pattern and reduced prostate cancer risk. However, there are few studies that have assessed the effect of the Mediterranean diet on cancer prostate incidence. Recent data do not support associations to adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and risk of prostate cancer or disease progression. However, Mediterranean eating pattern after diagnosis of nonmetastatatic cancer was associated with lower overall mortality. Conclusion: Further large-scale studies are required to clarify the effect of Mediterranean diet on prostate health, in order to establish the role of this diet in the prevention of prostate cancer.

Introducción: Los países del sur de Europa, tienen una menor incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer de próstata en comparación con otras regiones europeas. Este efecto beneficioso se ha atribuido a un patrón de alimentación específica. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es examinar la evidencia sobre los efectos de la adhesión a la dieta mediterránea en el riesgo de cáncer de próstata; e identificar que componentes de la dieta mediterránea protegen contra el cáncer de próstata. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura científica utilizando las siguientes base de datos: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Utilizamos los términos de búsqueda "dieta mediterránea", "adhesión", "frutas y verduras", "aceite de oliva", "pescado" "legumbres", "cereal" "alcohol" "leche", "producto lácteo", "cáncer de próstata", y combinaciones, tales como"dieta mediterránea y cáncer de próstata "o" aceite de oliva y cáncer de próstata ". Resultados: Existe una fuerte evidencia que soporta una asociación entre alimentos que son típicos de un patrón de alimentación mediterránea y un menor riesgo de cáncer de próstata. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que han evaluado el efecto de la dieta mediterránea sobre la incidencia del cáncer de próstata. Los datos recientes no apoyan una asociación entre el seguimiento de este tipo de dieta y el riesgo de cáncer de próstata o su progresión. Sin embargo, un patrón de alimentación mediterránea después del diagnóstico de cáncer no metastásico se ha asociado con una disminución de la mortalidad global. Conclusión: Se requieren más estudios a gran escala para aclarar el efecto de la dieta mediterránea sobre la salud prostática, con el fin de establecer su papel en la prevención de cáncer de próstata.

Left ventricle non-compaction cardiomyopathy is currently considered as a well-defined individual entity. However, it includes a broad spectrum of clinical, radiological and pathophysiological findings. In this review we describe 3 different scenarios of this entity: an isolated case with severe left ventricle dysfunction, an "associated" case in a patient with previous atrial septum defect and pulmonary stenosis and finally, as a finding in a patient with a transient cerebrovascular ischemic attack. In the 2 last cases, both asymptomatic, morphological criteria of left ventricle non-compaction were found but, ventricular function was normal and cardiac-MRI showed no late gadolinium hyperenhancement. Periodical follow-up and familial screening were recommended. Natural history and prognosis factors of this disease are still not well known. Further and longer series of patients with this diagnosis are needed to completely define radiological criteria, clinical presentation and evolution.

La miocardiopatía no compactada está considerada actualmente como una entidad independiente y bien definida. Sin embargo, presenta un espectro amplio de hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos y fisiopatológicos. En la presente revisión describimos 3 escenarios clínicos diferentes de dicha entidad: un caso con disfunción ventricular severa, un caso como entidad «asociada» a una cardiopatía congènita en un pacientes con un defecto del septo interauricular previo y estenosis pulmonar, y finalmente, como un hallazgo casual en un paciente con un accidente cerebrovascular transitorio. En estos 2 últimos casos se encontraron criterios morfológicos de miocardiopatía no compactada con función ventricular normal y sin presencia de realce tardío de gadolinio en el estudio de cardio-RM. En todos ellos se recomendó estudio familiar. La historia natural y el pronóstico de esta anatomía patológica no son todavía del todo conocidos. Series mayores y seguimiento más largos son necesarios para definir completamente los criterios radiológicos, la presentación clínica y la evolución de esta fascinante entidad.

INTRODUCTION Cuba has implemented an effective National Immunization Program since 1962. The schedule, administered primarily to children, comprises 11 vaccines (8 domestically produced) protecting against 13 diseases. In 1999 Cuba launched a national vaccine adverse event surveillance system to monitor and assess the safety of the immunization program, its vaccination procedures and the products administered. OBJECTIVES Describe adverse events following vaccination reported in children aged <16 years in Cuba from 1999 through 2008. METHODS A retrospective descriptive study was conducted of adverse events following vaccination reported from January 1999 through December 2008. Variables used: year, number of adverse events, province, type of vaccine, type and severity of adverse events (common minor, rare, severe), vaccination program errors, number of deaths, and final results of investigations of severe events. Percentages and rates per dose administered were calculated. Adverse event rates were calculated per 100,000 doses administered and by percentages of individual effects among events reported. RESULTS A total of 45,237,532 vaccine doses were administered, and 26,159 vaccine-associated adverse events were reported (overall rate: 57.8 per 100,000 doses). The group aged 0-5 years reported the highest rate of vaccine-associated adverse events (82/100,000 doses). The DTwP vaccine exhibited the highest rate of adverse events. Common minor events were: fever (17,538), reactions at injection site (4470) and systemic side effects (2422). Rare events (by WHO definition) reported were: persistent crying (2666), hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes (3), encephalopathy (2) and febrile seizures (112). Severe events included: anaphylaxis (2), respiratory distress (1), multiple organ failure (1), sudden death (1), vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (2), toxic shock syndrome (3), and sepsis (1). The 10 deaths and 3 cases of disability were investigated by an expert commission, which concluded that 8 of the 13 severe events were vaccination-related. CONCLUSIONS Low rates of severe vaccine-associated adverse events observed in this study underline the low risk of vaccination relative to its demonstrated benefits in Cuba. Decision-making for the continued success of the National Immunization Program is supported by reliable information from comprehensive national surveillance with standarized reporting, along with multidisciplinary expert analysis of rare and severe adverse events and program errors.

The nervous system is affected in 10% of patients with sarcoidosis. However, neurological disturbances are rarely the frst manifestation of the disease. We report a 36-year-old woman presenting with partial seizures that generalized secondarily. Magnetic resonance showed a left parietal cortical-subcortical lesion with a minimal mass effect, moderate vasogenic edema and intense enhancement with intravenous contrast. A magnetic resonance spectroscopy disclosed a low aggressiveness profle, compatible with an infammatory lesion. Angiotensin converting enzyme levels were normal. The lesion was excised and the pathological study showed the presence of granulomas with dubious necrosis. The patient was treated with antituberculous drugs. One year later, the lesion had grown and a thorax CT scan showed numerous mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies. A new determination of angiotensin converting enzyme disclosed elevated levels and the biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes confrmed the presence of sarcoidosis.

In view of both the current need to formulate a comprehensive treatment for severe chronic mentally ill patients and the increasing tendency to outpatient care, this paper presents a theoretical review of two acknowledged socio-community based approaches -the assertive community treatment and the therapeutic accompanying. First, a definition of "severe chronic mental illness" is forwarded along with a brief review of the background of socio-community based intervention. Then, an outline of the community social support team is made -a new multidisciplinary device in Madrid Region for treating this kind of patients. Finally, practical considerations are made about issues such as the concept of setting, in vivo treatment, illness awareness and the importance of community involvement in the treatment of these patients. Some recommendations are also made for future research.

Tomando en cuenta la actual necesidad de formular un tratamiento integral para enfermos mentales graves y crónicos, así como la reciente tendencia a la intervención fuera del ámbito institucional, aquí desarrollamos una revisión teórica de dos aportaciones sumamente reconocidas de intervención socio-comunitaria con este tipo de pacientes: el Tratamiento Asertivo Comunitario y el Acompañamiento Terapéutico. Para esto comenzamos definiendo el término "trastorno mental grave y crónico" y realizando una breve revisión de los antecedentes de la intervención socio-comunitaria. Además, se analiza el recurso Equipo de Apoyo Social Comunitario, un dispositivo multidisciplinar de reciente creación en la Comunidad de Madrid, que fundamentado en los anteriores, se aboca a la intervención con este colectivo en el ámbito comunitario. Finalmente, se discuten consideraciones prácticas en este campo, tales como el concepto de "encuadre", el tratamiento "in vivo", el de "conciencia de enfermedad" o la importancia de la implicación de la comunidad en el tratamiento de este colectivo. Del mismo modo, se formulan recomendaciones generales para futuras investigaciones.

The drugs consumption is a personal and social problem that has been boarded from numerous fronts and different perspectives. The studies about the risk and protection factors of the use and drug abuse are abundant and, whereas at the beginning the researchers focused in only few factors, at the moment it is being used a more integral and synthetic perspective. This article indeed tries to present the psychosocial perspective of the problem of cocaine addiction. Here it is assumed that Social Psychology has a privileged integrative capacity, and it can offer an analysis model big enough to make possible a convergence of different positions. In the first place, the Theory of the Planned Behaviour, as well as the Psycho-Social Model for the Study of the Mental Health is reviewed. Secondly, the studies of values and personality traits having greater impact for the problem of drug addiction are also reviewed. Finally, an analysis scheme is offered that integrates and summarizes the contributions in the study of the factors affecting cocaine addiction.

El consumo de drogas es un problema personal y social que se ha abordado desde numerosos frentes y distintas perspectivas. Los estudios sobre los factores de riesgo y protección en el uso y abuso de drogas son abundantes y, mientras que en un principio los investigadores anteponían unos factores sobre otros, en estos momentos se está optando cada vez más por una perspectiva integral y sintética. Este artículo pretende precisamente presentar la perspectiva psicosocial del problema de la adicción a la cocaína, y parte del supuesto de que la Psicología Social posee una capacidad integrativa privilegiada para ofrecer un modelo de análisis lo suficientemente amplio, dentro del cual pueda ocurrir una convergencia de posturas. En primer lugar, se habla de la Teoría de la Conducta Planificada, así como se revisa el Modelo Psicosocial para el Estudio de la Salud Mental. En segundo lugar, se retoma la perspectiva de los estudios de valores y rasgos de personalidad que poseen mayor impacto para el problema de la adicción. Por último, se ofrece un esquema de análisis que integra y resume las aportaciones en el estudio de los factores que afectan al problema de la adicción a la cocaína.

We present the case of an 8-year-old patient with a juvenile ossifying fibroma in the right mandibular angle and a radicular cyst in the left mandibular angle, which produced a major swelling at the level of the mandibular angles and prevented the correct eruption of the lower first molars. After the clinical and radiological (panoramic X-ray and dental scan of the mandible), the corresponding surgical treatment (cystectomy and remodelling) and histopathological study were carried out. Although juvenile ossifying fibroma is an uncommon clinical entity, its aggressive local behaviour and high recurrence rate mean that it is important to make an early diagnosis, apply the appropriate treatment and, especially, follow the patient up over the long term.

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 8 años de edad con un fibroma osificante juvenil en el ángulo mandibular derecho y un quiste radicular en el ángulo mandibular izquierdo, los cuales producían un importante abombamiento a nivel de los ángulos mandibulares e impedían la correcta erupción de los primeros molares inferiores. Tras el estudio clínico y radiológico ( Ortopantomografía y Scan dental del maxilar inferior), se llevó a cabo el correspondiente tratamiento quirúrgico (quistectomía y remodelación de los mismos) y el estudio histopatológico. Aunque el fibroma óseo juvenil es una entidad clínica poco frecuente, debido al comportamiento local agresivo y a la recidiva que tiene, es importante realizar un diagnóstico precoz, un tratamiento adecuado y, sobre todo, un seguimiento del paciente a lo largo del tiempo.