RESUMEN Fundamento el dolor postoperatorio se considera un dolor con limitaciones de tiempo, a menudo mal controlado. Su manejo representa un gran desafío, ya que la analgesia postoperatoria debe brindar a la madre un control adecuado de este, y a su vez facilitar la atención del bebé. Objetivo evaluar la efectividad de la anestesia subaracnoidea con morfina como tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio en cesárea. Métodos estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el Hospital General Docente Martín Chang Puga, del municipio de Nuevitas, provincia de Camagüey, entre enero de 2021 y diciembre de 2022. La muestra estuvo conformada por 36 pacientes a las cuales se aplicó anestesia subaracnoidea con lidocaína hiperbárica más morfina para la cesárea. Resultados predominó la edad comprendida entre 27-31 años. El 63,9 % de las cesareadas no refirió dolor postoperatorio. Casi la mitad de la población (47,2 %) estudiada presentó efectos secundarios con el uso de la morfina intratecal, principalmente el prurito. El 80,5 % expresó satisfacción con la analgesia postoperatoria. Conclusiones la mayoría de las pacientes encontraron satisfacción con el tratamiento analgésico, a pesar la presencia de efectos adversos, de modo que el uso de morfina intratecal es efectivo en el manejo del dolor poscesárea.

ABSTRACT Foundation Postoperative pain is considered time-limited pain, often poorly controlled. Its management represents a great challenge, since postoperative analgesia must provide the mother with adequate control, and at the same time facilitate care for the baby. Objective to evaluate the effectiveness of subarachnoid anesthesia with morphine as a treatment for postoperative pain in cesarean section. Methods descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out at the Martín Chang Puga General Teaching Hospital, in the Nuevitas municipality, Camagüey province, between January 2021 and December 2022. 36 patients to whom subarachnoid anesthesia was applied with Hyperbaric lidocaine plus morphine for cesarean section were considered as the sample. Results the age between 27-31 years predominated. 63.9% of cesarean patients did not report postoperative pain. Almost half of the population (47.2%) studied presented side effects with the use of intrathecal morphine, mainly pruritus. 80.5% expressed satisfaction with postoperative analgesia. Conclusions the majority of patients were satisfied with the analgesic treatment, despite the presence of adverse effects, so that the use of intrathecal morphine is effective in the management of post-cesarean section pain.

Abstract Introduction: malnutrition, both due to deficiency and excess of nutrients, correlates to the morbidity of the surgical patient. Objectives: to analyze the nutritional status, body composition and bone health of patients undergoing elective knee and hip arthroplasty. Methods: an observational cross-sectional study was carried out evaluating patients undergoing hip and knee replacement surgery from February to September 2019. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), anthropometry, hand-grip dynamometry, bone densitometry, lumbar spine X-ray and bioimpedance analysis were performed. Results: eighty-six patients (61.6 % women) were evaluated, with a mean age of 69.5 ± 9.5 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.3 ± 4.5. According to MUST, 21.3 % were at risk of malnutrition; 16.9 % had decreased triceps skinfold with respect to p50 and 20 % had a pathological hand-grip dynamometry. In 91.4 %, vitamin D was < 30 pg/ml. In the bioimpedanciometry, the women presented significantly decreased muscle mass values. Age was correlated with a lower presence of fat-free mass, total and appendicular muscle mass. In those over 65 years of age, 52.6 % of men vs 14.3 % of women had a decreased muscle mass index; 58.5 % had low bone mineral density. We observed vertebral bone collapses in 13.9 %. Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of obesity in patients who are candidates for arthroplasty and this does not exclude the existence of a risk of malnutrition. They may also have decreased muscle mass and strength. Nutritional education and physical exercise recommendations are essential in order to optimize nutritional status for surgery.

Resumen Introducción: la malnutrición tanto por defecto como por exceso de nutrientes se relaciona con la morbilidad del paciente quirúrgico. Objetivos: analizar el estado nutricional, la composición corporal y la salud ósea de pacientes sometidos a artroplastia electiva de rodilla y cadera. Método: se realiza un estudio transversal observacional evaluando pacientes que ingresan para cirugía de prótesis de cadera y rodilla de febrero a septiembre de 2019. Al ingreso, se realizan Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), antropometría, dinamometría manual, densitometría ósea, radiografía de columna lumbar y bioimpedanciometría. Resultados: se evaluó a 86 pacientes (61,6 % mujeres), con edad media de 69,5 ± 9,5 años. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio fue de 31,3 ± 4,5. Según MUST, el 21,3 % estaba en riesgo de desnutrición. El 16,9 % tenía disminuido el pliegue tricipital respecto al p50 y el 20 % tenía una dinamometría manual patológica. En el 91,4 % la vitamina D fue < 30 pg/ml. En la bioimpedanciometría, las mujeres presentaban valores de masa muscular significativamente disminuidos. La edad se correlacionó con menor presencia de masa libre de grasa, masa muscular total y apendicular. En mayores de 65 años, el 52,6 % de varones vs. 14,3 % de mujeres presentaban un índice de masa muscular disminuido. El 58,5 % tenía densidad mineral ósea baja. Objetivamos aplastamientos vertebrales en el 13,9 %. Conclusiones: existe una alta prevalencia de obesidad en pacientes candidatos a artroplastia y esto no excluye la existencia de riesgo de desnutrición. Además, pueden presentar disminución de masa y fuerza muscular. Es fundamental la educación nutricional y recomendaciones de ejercicio físico de cara a optimizar el estado nutricional para cirugía.

Resumen El uso excesivo de las nuevas tecnologías por los jóvenes universitarios ha ocasionado problemas de salud que potencializan afectaciones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales. Aquí se realiza un análisis comparativo sobre el nivel de afectación antes y después de la pandemia de la covid-19 por el uso excesivo de tecnologías (ciberpatologías) en estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Veracruzana campus Coatzacoalcos. Para la recolección de datos, se elaboró una encuesta aplicada a través de Google Forms. Con la información recolectada, se utilizaron técnicas descriptivas con el objetivo de comparar las muestras a partir de la hipótesis de estudio. Los resultados muestran evidencia empírica sobre que los estudiantes son proclives a padecer ciberpatologías. Esto demuestra la necesidad de indagar de manera explicativa los factores que las ocasionan. Las afectaciones demostradas implican la necesidad de generar políticas públicas educativas que busquen atender este problema en las universidades.

Abstract The excessive use of new technologies by young university students has caused health problems that potentiate biological, psychological and social affectations. Here, a comparative analysis is made on the level of affectation before and after the covid-19 pandemic due to the excessive use of technologies (cyberpathologies) in university students of the School of Accounting and Administration of the Universidad Veracruzana, Coatzacoalcos campus. For data collection, a survey was elaborated and applied through Google Forms. With the information collected, descriptive techniques were used with the objective of comparing the samples based on the study hypothesis. The results show empirical evidence that students are prone to suffer from cyberpathologies. This demonstrates the need to investigate in an explanatory way the factors that cause them. The affectations demonstrated imply the need to generate educational public policies that seek to address this problem in universities.

Resumo O uso excessivo de novas tecnologias por jovens universitários tem causado problemas de saúde que têm um potencial impacto biológico, psicológico e social. Aqui realizamos uma análise comparativa do nível de afetação antes e depois da pandemia da covid-19 devido ao uso excessivo de tecnologias (ciberpatologias) em estudantes universitários da Faculdade de Contabilidade e Administração da Universidade Veracruzana, campus de Coatzacoalcos. Para a coleta de dados, foi elaborada uma pesquisa utilizando o Google Forms. Com as informações coletadas, foram utilizadas técnicas descritivas a fim de comparar as amostras com base nas hipóteses de estudo. Os resultados mostram evidências empíricas de que os estudantes são propensos a ciberpatologias. Isto demonstra a necessidade de uma pesquisa explicativa sobre os fatores que as causam. As afetações demonstradas implicam na necessidade de gerar políticas públicas educacionais que busquem abordar este problema nas universidades.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the expression of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 mRNA and encoded proteins in epicardial and mediastinal adipose tissues in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Subjects and methods: We studied 60 patients with CAD and 106 patients undergoing valve replacement surgery (controls). Expression levels of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 mRNA and encoded proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: We found increased UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 mRNA levels in the epicardial adipose tissue in the CAD versus the control group, and higher UCP1 and UCP3 mRNA expression in the epicardial compared with the mediastinal tissue in the CAD group. There was also increased expression of UCP1 protein in the epicardial tissue and UCP2 protein in the mediastinum tissue in patients with CAD. Finally, UCP1 expression was associated with levels of fasting plasma glucose, and UCP3 expression was associated with levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density cholesterol in the epicardial tissue. Conclusions: Our study supports the hypothesis that higher mRNA expression by UCP genes in the epicardial adipose tissue could be a protective mechanism against the production of reactive oxygen species and may guard the myocardium against damage. Thus, UCP levels are essential to maintain the adaptive phase of cardiac injury in the presence of metabolic disorders.

Abstract Hotel maintenance is one of the most important factors in providing a quality experience to guests. In this research, a bibliometric study on hotel maintenance is carried out with the objective of mapping the scientific production in this field. The database for the search was Scopus. The bibliometric method was employed using the R package Bibliometrix to calculate productivity, impact and collaboration indicators. Keyword analysis was complemented with the use of VOSviewer software and SPSS and UCINET software were used to calculate the closeness and correlation of the main approaches. A total of 310 articles published in the period 1961-2022 were found. Lai JHK and Burnett J are the most prolix authors and their articles are among the most important contributions to the field. The most studied thematic lines are Benchmarking, Energy, facilities management, Hospitality, Costs and Sustainability. The results of the study were presented for use by maintenance managers. The following were identified as future lines of research: improvements in energy management. Perform a cost-benefit analysis of redundant systems, among others.

Resumen El mantenimiento de un hotel es uno de los factores más importantes para proporcionar una experiencia de calidad a los huéspedes. En esta investigación se realiza un estudio bibliométrico sobre el mantenimiento hotelero con el objetivo de mapear la producción científica en este ámbito. La base de datos para la búsqueda fue Scopus. Fue empleado el método bibliométrico utilizando el paquete de R Bibliometrix para calcular indicadores de productividad, impacto y colaboración. El análisis de las palabras clave se complementó con el uso del software VOSviewer y además se utilizaron los softwares SPSS y UCINET para calcular la cercanía y correlación de los principales enfoques. Se encontraron un total de 310 artículos publicados en el período de 1961-2022. Lai JHK y Burnett J resultan los autores más prolijos y sus artículos son de los de mayor contribución al campo. Las líneas temáticas más estudiadas son: la evaluación comparativa, la energía, la gestión de instalaciones, la hospitalidad, los costos y la sostenibilidad. Los resultados del estudio fueron presentados para el aprovechamiento a los gestores de mantenimiento. Como futuras líneas de investigación se identificaron: mejoras en la gestión de la energía, realizar un análisis coste-beneficio de los sistemas redundantes, entre otras.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los principales aditivos químicos que se utilizan en la elaboración de tortilla y de tostada de maíz en México, así como verificar el cumplimiento de las disposiciones normativas aplicables a estos alimentos y efectuar recomendaciones de política pública para garantizar el derecho a la alimentación, la salud y de información al consumidor. Metodología: Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa-descriptiva. El estudio se dividido en tres etapas en las cuales se analizó el marco jurídico aplicable; se identificaron las principales empresas fabricantes y comercializadoras de aditivos para tortilla y tostada de maíz y se identificaron los aditivos y coadyuvantes declarados como componentes en tortillas y tostadas de maíz preenvasadas para su venta en las zonas norte y poniente de la Ciudad de México. Resultados: En el marco jurídico mexicano se identificaron las legislaciones aplicables a la elaboración y comercialización de tortilla de maíz y tostada en México. Se identificó un total de 24 empresas dedicadas a la comercialización de productos aditivos para este sector, así como sus productos. Limitaciones: Este abordaje incluye solo una muestra representativa de la variedad de productos existentes en el mercado de tortillas y tostadas preenvasadas y de los aditivos utilizados para esta industria. Asimismo, el estudio depende de la veracidad de información declarada por las marcas. Conclusiones: Una vez obtenidos los datos, se analizaron los resultados cualitativamente mediante el uso de la paquetería Excel Microsoft 365 para el análisis de frecuencia de datos con los cuales se generaron las conclusiones del estudio y recomendaciones de política pública.

Abstract Objective: Identify the main chemical additives that are currently being used in the preparation of tortilla and corn tostada in Mexico, as well as verifying compliance with the regulatory provisions applicable to these foods and making recommendations for public policy to guarantee the right to food, health, and consumer information. Methodology: A study was developed and divided into three stages. An analysis of the applicable legal framework was carried out; the main manufacturers and marketers of additives for tortillas and corn tostada were identified; and the additives and adjuvants declared as ingredients in prepackaged corn tortillas and tostadas identified for their sale in the north and west areas of Mexico City carrying out a qualitative, descriptive methodology. Results: in the Mexican legal framework, the applicable laws to the production and marketing of corn tortillas and tostadas in Mexico were identified. There we24 companies dedicated to the commercialization of additive products for this sector were identified, as well as their products. Limitations: This approach includes only a representative sample of the products population in the market for prepackaged tortillas and tostadas, and the additives used for this industry. Similarly, within the limitations, the study is the dependence on the veracity of information declared by these. Conclusions: Once the data was obtained, the results were analyzed qualitatively using the Excel Microsoft 365 package for the analysis of data frequency with which the conclusions of the study and public policy recommendations were generated.

Abstract Introduction Studies in various countries have shown that adolescents with a history of parental use of alcohol have a greater risk of presenting alcohol problems of their own, including binge drinking, driving under the influence of alcohol, and alcohol dependence. A few studies in Mexico have also found this association, but these have been carried out with non-representative populations. Objective To examine the association between a history of parental alcohol use and binge drinking, and parental use and possible dependence on alcohol, in a national sample of junior high and high school students in Mexico. Method A descriptive correlational study was carried out based on a secondary analysis of the National Survey of Student Drug Use (Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes, ENCODE), which questioned 114,364 respondents. The association was evaluated with an estimate of prevalence ratios (PR). Results Students whose mothers or both parents used alcohol had a greater risk for binge drinking (PR [mother] = 2.12, p <.001; PR [both parents] = 2.18, p <.001) and possible alcohol dependence (PR [mother] = 5.43, p <.001; PR [both parents] = 5.14, p <.001). Those whose fathers alone used alcohol had a lower risk for binge drinking (PR = 1.35, p <.001) and for possible dependence (PR = 1.83, p <.001). Discussion and conclusion This study shows differences in the effects of problematic alcohol use by parents: use by the mother or by both parents implies a greater risk of binge drinking and possible dependence for their children. This finding should be considered in the design of interventions to prevent binge drinking.

Resumen Introducción Diferentes estudios señalan que los adolescentes con antecedentes de consumo parental de alcohol tienen mayor riesgo de presentar problemas de consumo de alcohol como consumo excesivo, manejar bajo los efectos del alcohol y tener dependencia. En México, aunque la investigación también señala una relación positiva, los estudios al respecto son escasos y se han realizado en poblaciones no representativas. Objetivo Conocer la asociación entre los antecedentes parentales de consumo de alcohol y el consumo excesivo, y entre estos antecedentes y la posible dependencia al alcohol en una muestra nacional de estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato de México. Método Se realizó un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes, la cual se aplicó a 114,364 estudiantes. Para evaluar la asociación se estimaron los índices de razón de prevalencia (RP). Resultados Los estudiantes con antecedentes de consumo materno o de ambos padres presentaron mayor riesgo de tener consumo excesivo (RP [mamá] = 2.12, p <.001; RP [ambos padres] = 2.18, p <.001) y posible dependencia al alcohol (RP [mamá] = 5.43, p <.001; RP [ambos padres] = 5.14, p <.001). En tanto, el riesgo de consumo excesivo (RP = 1.35, p <.001) o de posible dependencia (RP = 1.83, p <.001) fue menor cuando el antecedente era el papá. Discusión y conclusión Este estudio señala diferencias en el impacto del consumo problemático de alcohol de los padres, de manera que el consumo materno o de ambos padres implica un mayor riesgo de consumo excesivo y de posible dependencia para los estudiantes mexicanos. Este hallazgo debe contemplarse en el diseño de intervenciones dirigidas a prevenir el consumo excesivo de alcohol.

Resumo A traça da oliveira, Prays oleae, é um dos mais importantes fitófagos da olivicultura da bacia mediterrânica. Seu controle é baseado na aplicação de inseticidas químicos, às ve-zes combinados com a liberação de inimigos naturais. A necessidade de aplicação é estabe-lecida de acordo com limites populacionais. No entanto, a ampla gama de condições ambi-entais exige a adoção de elementos complementares que possibilitem o momento ade-quado das aplicações aos estádios fenológicos responsáveis pelo dano. Durante os anos de 2013, 2014 e 2015, foram feitas observações semanais da fenologia do inseto em 10 parcelas de oliveiras, em diferentes altitudes (253 m a 1.017 m), na província de Jaén (sul da Espanha), registrando variações diárias de temperatura em intervalos de 4 horas. Isso permitiu deter-minar as integrais térmicas para as três gerações do fitófago e especificar a influência da variável altitude em seus períodos de desenvolvimento, mais especialmente naqueles cor-respondentes às gerações fitófago e carpófago. Este conhecimento permitiu a realização de um modelo-cronograma para o ajuste das datas de tratamento com base na altitude das culturas.

Abstract Olive moth, Prays oleae, is one of the most important phytophagous of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean basin. Its control is based on the application of chemical insecticides, sometimes combined with the release of natural enemies. The need for application is established according to population thresholds. How-ever, the wide range of environmental conditions requires the adoption of comple-mentary elements that allow the adequate time of applications to the phenological stages responsible for the damage. During the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, weekly observations of the insect phenology have been performed in 10 plots of olive trees at different altitudes (253 m to 1017 m) in the province of Jaén (southern Spain), recording daily temperature variations at 4-hour intervals. This has allowed deter-mining the thermal integrals for the three insect generations and to specify the in-fluence of the altitude on its development periods, more especially in those corre-sponding to the philophagous and carpophagous generations. This knowledge has allowed the development of a model-chronogram for the adjustment of treatment dates based on crop altitude.

ABSTRACT The reuse of residues from agroindustrial processes is an ecological alternative that allows implementing nutrient cycling in agriculture and saving fertilizers; for this purpose the potential of the ashes generated by the combustion of sugarcane bagasse in the five sugar industries of the province of Granma was evaluated. The best potentials of Phosphorus and Potassium (mg/kg) correspond to the ashes of the industries "Arquímides Colina" (380,87 and 2625) and "Bartolomé Masó" (1056,75 and 1500) ) with the lowest content of heavy metals. The use of the ashes in the cultivation of Lactuca sativa L. (Lettuce) in controlled and field conditions; showed a positive effect on the variables of plant growth and agricultural yield. In addition, the ashes replace the losses of the macronutrients; which together with the availability and low cost of the ash allows its use as a natural mineral fertilizer.

RESUMEN La reutilización de residuos de procesos agroindustriales, es una alternativa ecológica que permite implementar ciclo de nutrientes en la agricultura y ahorrar fertilizantes; con esta finalidad se evalúo el potencial de las cenizas que genera la combustión del bagazo de caña en las cinco industrias azucareras de la provincia de Granma. Los mejores potenciales de Fósforo y Potasio (mg/kg) corresponden a las cenizas de las industrias “Arquímides Colina” (380,87 y 2625) y “Bartolomé Masó” (1056,75 y 1500) con el contenido más bajo de metales pesados. La aplicación de las cenizas en el cultivo de Lactuca sativa L. (Lechuga) en condiciones controladas y de campo; demostró efecto positivo sobre las variables de crecimiento de las plantas y el rendimiento agrícola. Además, las cenizas restituyen las pérdidas de los macronutrientes; que unido a la disponibilidad y bajo costo de las cenizas permite su uso como fertilizante mineral natural.

ABSTRACT: Between the 6th and the 8th of October 2021, at the facilities of the Spanish National Defence Studies Centre (CESEDEN), the 1st EU Congress on Military Health Services was held. International Congress designed with the aim of analysing the role of the EU Military Health Services in support of civilian authorities during the pandemic, operational challenges in a state of uncertainty, the establishment of strategic medical stockpiles, as well as European vaccination plans against pandemics, in close coordination with the European Commission. Eleven delegations from the member states attended, with the presence of seven Surgeon Generals. It was developed in a hybrid format, online and in-person. English was the official language of the Congress. During the days of the congress, three round tables, two keynote conferences and a visit-workshop to the Torrejón Air Base were held. It was inaugurated by Ms. María Amparo Valcárce García, Undersecretary of Defense.

RESUMEN: Del 6 al 8 de octubre de 2021 en las instalaciones del Centro Superior de Estudios de la Defensa Nacional (CESEDEN), se celebró el 1.er Congreso de Sanidad Militar de la Unión Europea. Congreso internacional diseñado con el objetivo de analizar el papel de los Servicios Sanitarios Militares de la UE en apoyo de las autoridades civiles durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, los desafíos operativos en un estado de incertidumbre, el establecimiento de reservas sanitarias estratégicas, así como planes europeos de vacunación frente a pandemias, en estrecha coordinación con la Comisión Europea. Asistieron once delegaciones de los estados miembros, contando con la presencia de siete Inspectores Generales de la Defensa. Se desarrolló en un formato híbrido, presencial-on line y el inglés fue el idioma oficial del Congreso. Durante los días de congreso se desarrollaron tres mesa redondas, dos conferencias magistrales y una visita-taller a la Base Aérea de Torrejón. Fue inaugurado por la Sra. Subsecretaria de la Defensa Dª María Amparo Valcárce García.

Background: Information regarding diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) in Mexico is limited. We developed an on-line platform Registro Nacional de Pacientes con Diabetes Tipo 1 (RENACED-DT1). Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the characteristics and healthcare of PWT1D registered in RENACED-DT1. Methods: Analyses of 965 PWT1D from July 2014 to January 2018 in different endocrinology clinics around Mexico. Results: Sixty-one percent were female with median age of 21 years, age at diagnosis 11 years, and disease duration at inclusion 8.2 years. Treatment regimen was basal-bolus in 61% and insulin-pumps in 21% (mainly in the private sector); 33.3% with self-monitoring of blood-glucose (SMBG) ≥4 times/day. Mean HbA1c at last follow-up was 8.7 ± 2.1% (72±23 mmol/mol), 18% had HbA1c < 7% (53 mmol/mol), and 35% > 9% (75 mmol/mol). SMBG ≥ 4 times/day was associated with HbA1c < 7%. Time since diagnosis > 10 years, female sex, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, SMBG < 4 times/day, and any hypoglycemia were associated with microvascular complications (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c < 7% is low; increased blood glucose monitoring is associated with better glycemic control. The achievement of optimal glycemic control must be increased to reduce the incidence of chronic complications and improve quality of life in PWT1D.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Steinert’s myotonic dystrophy is a neuromuscular hereditary disease, which global prevalence is 1/8000. It has a very variable clinical expression. Objective: to delineate the epidemiologic and phenotypic characteristics of Steinert’s myotonic dystrophy. Methods: a descriptive research was conducted in Pinar del Rio from January 2019 to March 2021. The databases of Clinical Genetics were reviewed, making the genealogies of the individuals with a confirmed diagnosis; an active clinical survey was carried out for all of the blood relative members. Clinical-genetic history and a form including the data of the clinical examination were used as instruments. Results: the 79,3 % of the cases were diagnosed after the study of their genealogies, where 11 families with 87 members were identified. The prevalence reached 6 and 4,1 x 10 000 inhabitants in Minas de Matahambre and Viñales municipalities respectively and according to the place of birth of these individuals, which have decreased due to the immigration to Pinar del Rio municipality. Between the clinical forms and the type of inheritance, no significant differences were found X2= 12,58 p=0,127220653. Palpebral ptosis and muscular weakness are phenotypically present in 89,6 % and 82,7 % of the individuals. Conclusions: the epidemiologic and phenotypic delineation during the active survey in families allows carrying out the follow-up and to establish individualized actions which will result in greater satisfaction and quality of life.

RESUMEN Introducción: la distrofia miotónica de Steinert es una enfermedad neuromuscular hereditaria, cuya prevalencia global es 1/8000. Tiene expresividad clínica muy variable. Objetivo: delinear las características epidemiológicas y fenotípicas en la distrofia miotónica de Steinert. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, en Pinar del Río, desde el mes de enero del año 2019 hasta marzo del 2021. Se buscaron en bases de datos de Genética Clínica, los individuos con diagnóstico confirmado, y a partir de estos se confeccionaron las genealogías. Se realizó una pesquisa clínica activa para todos los miembros consanguíneos. Se usaron como instrumentos, la historia clínica genética y una planilla con datos del examen clínico. Resultados: el 79,3 % de los casos se diagnosticaron después del estudio de las genealogías, en estas fueron identificadas 11 familias con 87 miembros. Se registró prevalencias de 6 y 4,1 x 10 000 habitantes en los municipios Minas de Matahambre y Viñales respectivamente, según el lugar natural de las personas, las cuales disminuyeron con la migración hacia el municipio Pinar del Río. Existe una correlación entre la edad de inicio y la del diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Entre las formas clínicas y el tipo de herencia no se encontraron diferencias significativas X2= 12,58 p=0,127220653. Fenotípicamente la ptosis palpebral y la debilidad muscular están presentes en el 89,6 % y el 82,7 %. Conclusiones: la delineación epidemiológica y fenotípica, mediante la pesquisa activa en las familias, permite el seguimiento y conductas individualizadas que redundan en mayor satisfacción y calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT Background: the family constitutes the individual's first social support network. Its study is a priority, given the close relationship between health and the type of family in which the individual is inserted, with special relevance in the elderly. Objective: to describe the results of the psychosocial diagnosis of the family health situation in nuclei with an institutionalized elderly in the grandparents' home. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study on a conveniently selected sample made up of five families from the Rodas municipality, in Cienfuegos, which had an institutionalized elderly in grandparents' homes. The semi-structured interview was used, the FFsil to measure the functionality of the family and CAS-7 to determine the need for social support in the family. Results: the incorporation of the elderly to the grandparents' home had a positive influence, based on the progress of their dimensions, interpersonal relationships, validity, social integration and emotional states, with adequate family health and fundamentally critical life processes. The 84.2% have moderate functionality, only one family has dysfunction. The 84.2% of families need between something and a lot of social support, according to the need for emotional and interpersonal support, only the 15.7% need material support. Conclusions: family members describe family health based on its conditioning factors, with tendencies towards homogeneity and functionality in family, with the need for social, emotional, interpersonal and material support, of different gradients.

RESUMEN Fundamento: la familia constituye la primera red de apoyo social del individuo. Su estudio es prioridad, dada la estrecha relación existente entre la salud y el tipo de familia en la que está insertado el individuo, con especial relevancia en el adulto mayor. Objetivo: describir resultados del diagnóstico psicosocial de la situación de salud familiar en núcleos con un adulto mayor institucionalizado en casa de abuelos. Métodos estudio cuanti-cualitativo realizado sobre una muestra seleccionada a conveniencia conformada por cinco familias del municipio Rodas, de octubre a diciembre de 2015, las cuales tenían un anciano institucionalizado en casa de abuelos. Se empleó la entrevista semiestructurada, el FFsil para medir la funcionabilidad de la familia y CAS- 7 para determinar necesidad de apoyo social en familia. Resultados la incorporación del anciano a casa de abuelos influyó positivamente, partiendo del progreso de sus dimensiones relaciones interpersonales, validismo, interacción social y estados emocionales, con adecuado afrontamiento familiar de salud y ante procesos críticos de vida, fundamentalmente. El 84,2 % poseen funcionabilidad moderada, solo una familia presenta disfuncionabilidad. El 84,2 % de las familias necesitan entre algo y bastante apoyo social, coincidiendo con la necesidad de apoyo emocional e interpersonal, solo el 15,7 % necesita apoyo material. Conclusiones: los miembros de las familias describen la salud familiar partiendo de sus condicionantes, con tendencias a la homogeneidad en afrontamiento familiar y funcionabilidad de la familia, con necesidad de apoyo social, emocional, interpersonal y material, de diferentes gradientes.

Resumo Atualmente, o manejo de olivais na Espanha responde a três modelos claramente diferenciados, por ordem decrescente de área: Manejo Convencional (70%), Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP) (26%) e Manejo Ecológico (4%). Estes são caracterizados por uma dependência decrescente de inseticidas sintéticos e por diferentes intensidades de preparo do solo e estão também sujeitos a diferentes regulamentações e regimes de subsídios por parte do governo, visto que sua adequada caracterização representa um fator de crescente importância, sendo o objeto deste trabalho.Durante os anos de 2017 e 2018, foram selecionados olivais correspondentes aos três tipos de manejo, nos quais foram implantadas duas séries de parcelas. Em uma série, foi aplicado Dimetoato 40®, considerando as parcelas da segunda série como controle. Após a aplicação do inseticida, insetos benéficos foram monitorados por meio da implantação de armadilhas cromotrópicas.Os resultados permitem elucidar dois padrões de comportamento claramente distintos em insetos benéficos, dependendo do uso de inseticidas: Manejo Convencional e MIP, onde se manifesta uma reação de repelência, ausente no manejo ecológico. Aspectos sobre a indução de efeitos subletais, na caracterização dos diferentes tipos de manejo, serão discutidos.

Abstract Currently, olive grove management in Spain responds to the three following clearly differentiated systems in order of decreasing area: Conventional Management (70%), Integrated Pest Management (IPM) (26%) and Ecological Management (4%) systems. These are characterized by a decreasing dependence on synthetic insecticides and by different soil tillage intensities. They are also subject to different subside regulations and application regimen by the government, so their adequate characterization represents a factor of increasing importance, which is the object of this work.During the years 2017 and 2018, olive groves corresponding to the three types of management were selected, in which two series of plots were established. In one series, Dimethoate 40® was applied, considering plots of the second series as control. After insecticide application, beneficial insects were monitored through the use of chromatic traps.The results allow elucidating two clearly different behavioral patterns in beneficial insects, depending on the use of insecticides: Conventional and IPM management, where repellency reaction is manifested, absent in the Ecological Management. Aspects about the induction of sublethal effects for the characterization of the different pest management systems are discussed.