OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of alcohol or tobacco consumption along with independent variables (sex and age; time and leisure activities; motivations, patterns, modalities, and goals of physical and sports-related activity; and behaviors within the family environment) in physical and sports-related activity among pupils enrolled in compulsory secondary education in Spain and Mexico. METHODS: A questionnaire on habits related to physical and sports-related activity, consumption of alcoholic beverages or tobacco, and the influence of the family environment was answered by 3 249 Spanish pupils and 1 083 Mexican pupils between 12 and 16 years of age. A descriptive analysis and a multinomial logistic regression were carried out in order to ascertain the predictive capacity of the variables included in the model. RESULTS: In both countries, consumption increases with age. In comparative terms, there is a higher prevalence among Spanish pupils when consuming addictive substances. The Spanish pupils who are physically active are less likely to consume alcohol and tobacco; among their Mexican counterparts, there were no significant differences in this regard. The results show that in Spain, females consume alcoholic beverages and smoke more frequently than do males, who do so sporadically but in greater quantities. In Mexico, adolescent boys consume alcohol more regularly that do adolescent girls, although there are no differences in terms of quantity. CONCLUSIONS: In Spain, being physically active and engaging in sports is clearly related to consuming less. Being physically active acts as a protective agent against unhealthy habits. Among Mexican adolescents, no significant relationship between these factors has been found. Both in Spain and in Mexico, siblings and parents are the family members who have the greatest influence vis-à-vis alcohol and tobacco consumption. Furthermore, the trend towards simultaneous consumption of both substances has been proved.
OBJETIVO: Identificar la influencia del consumo de alcohol o tabaco junto a variables independientes (sexo y edad; tiempo y actividades de ocio; motivaciones, patrones, modalidades y finalidades físico-deportivas; y conductas del entorno familiar) en la actividad físico-deportiva de alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria en España y México. MÉTODOS: 3 249 alumnos españoles y 1 083 alumnos mexicanos de entre 12 y 16 años respondieron un cuestionario sobre hábitos físico-deportivos, consumo de bebidas alcohólicas o tabaco e influencia del entorno familiar. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y una regresión logística multinomial para averiguar la capacidad predictiva de las variables incluidas en el modelo. RESULTADOS: En ambos países el consumo aumenta con la edad. Comparativamente existe mayor prevalencia entre los estudiantes españoles a la hora de consumir sustancias adictivas. Los estudiantes españoles físicamente activos tienen menos probabilidades de consumir alcohol y tabaco; entre los mexicanos no se encuentran diferencias significativas al respecto. Los resultados reflejan que en España las mujeres consumen bebidas alcohólicas y fuman con mayor frecuencia. Los varones españoles, sin embargo, lo hacen de manera esporádica pero en mayores cantidades. En México, los adolescentes consumen alcohol más regularmente que las adolescentes, pero no existen diferencias en la cantidad. CONCLUSIONES: En España, la práctica de actividades físico-deportivas se relaciona claramente con un menor consumo. Ser físicamente activo actúa como agente protector ante hábitos no saludables. En los adolescentes mexicanos no se ha encontrado una relación significativa entre estos factores. Tanto en España como en México, los hermanos y los padres son los familiares que mayor influencia ejercen respecto del consumo de alcohol y tabaco. Además, se ha comprobado la tendencia a un consumo simultáneo de ambas sustancias.
