ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between seroprevalence of chronic diseases, hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and welfare of dairy goats housed throughout a productive cycle. Sixty multiparous dairy goats, over four years old, were selected. Ananimal welfare assessment was conducted using health indicators for goats, according to the AWIN protocol. Blood samples were also collected for haematology and determination of seroprevalence of chronic diseases, hair samples for determination of HCC, milk samples for chemical composition and somatic cell counts, and faecal samples for parasite load. Small Ruminant Lentivirus (SRLv) had a prevalence of 71.66%, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) of 5%, Leptospira interrogans of 40% and Ovine Gammaherpesvirus type 2 (OvHV-2) of 50%. The percentages of goats that tested positive for one, two or three diseases were 31.67%, 50% and 11.66% respectively. Haematological alterations included hyperproteinaemia (84.94±1.58g/L) and hyperfibrinogenaemia (6.11±0.65g/L) for those with one or two diseases, with significant differences being found (P<0.05). The welfare indicators related to health and the number of diseases were poor body condition, poor coat, poor udder conformation, and mucosal lesions (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between HCC and the number of chronic diseases in dairy goats (P>0.05). Higher concentrations of cortisol in hair were found at 150 days of lactation (16.65±1.39pg/mg) compared to the mating season (9.55±0.04pg/mg) (P<0.05). No associations were found (P>0.05) between the production, composition, and somatic cell counts in milk and cortisol concentrations and diseases. It was concluded that the presence of chronic diseases in goats did not influence hair cortisol concentrations, possibly due to an effect of adaptive tolerance to diseases, as occurs in other domestic species; however, there was an effect of the productive stage.

ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the effects on the growth performance and physiological response (metabolism, hematology, and antioxidant capacity) of the juvenile hybrid red tilapia Oreochromis sp. (initial average weight of 2.82 ± 0.02 g) cultured in seawater with biofloc and fed commercial diets containing 25, 35 and 40% crude protein (P25, P35, and P40, respectively). After seven weeks of bioassay, fish fed P35 and P40 showed no significant differences in weight gain, specific growth rate, and condition factor. The P35 and P40 treatments showed the highest values of growth performance (SGR of 4.85 and 4.43% d-1, respectively) compared to the P25 treatment (4.3% d-1). Otherwise, fish from P35 showed lower activities for metabolic enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, GK, FBPase, G6PD, and FAS) than P40, which suggests that in P35, there was a better use of energy and protein content in the diets. On the other hand, P35 presented values similar to P40 regarding oxidative damage to lipids in the intestinal (5.62 and 5.77 nmol g-1, respectively) and muscle (4.76 and 3.93 nmol g-1, respectively) tissues, but higher than P25 in the liver (1.21 nmol g-1). Finally, the P25 diet triggered a significant decrease in erythrocyte parameters, as well as total protein and albumin in the blood plasma of the fish. In conclusion, marine biofloc allows hybrid red tilapia juveniles to be fed commercial diets with 35% crude protein without compromising their productive performance, antioxidant system, and hematological parameters.

Abstract: The Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves are a way to visualize and represent extreme hydrometeorological rainfall events. In this article, an analysis of convective rainfall events recorded at the La Piedra Meteorological Station, Villa Clara, Cuba, was conducted. To develop IDF curves, the 2006-2019 time series was analyzed. A partial duration series was generated, including intervals from 20 minutes to 4320 minutes, subjected to an outlier detection process. The series was divided into two categories: one for durations ≤ 720 minutes and another for durations > 720 minutes. The resulting series underwent non-parametric tests to assess their independence, randomness, homogeneity, and seasonality. Subsequently, they were fitted to the Generalized Pareto probability distribution and to a parametric equation of the Montana model, and then the curves were plotted for return periods of 10, 50 and 100. The Montana model led to obtaining correlation coefficients greater than 0.90 compared to the other methods used, significantly improving the quality of the fit in both categories. This research provides information to understand and plan the management of intense climatic phenomena and adequate risk management in an area where such studies are lacking, facilitating access to crucial data essential in the design and execution of hydraulic engineering projects in the region.

Resumen: Las curvas de Intensidad-Duración-Frecuencia (IDF) son una manera de visualizar y representar los eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos de lluvia. En este artículo se llevó a cabo un análisis de eventos de lluvias convectivas registrados en la Estación Meteorológica La Piedra, Villa Clara, Cuba. Para desarrollar curvas IDF se analizó la serie temporal 2006-2019. Se generó una serie de duración parcial que incluyó intervalos de 20 minutos hasta 4320 minutos, sometiéndola a un proceso de detección de datos anómalos. La serie se dividió en dos categorías: una para duraciones ≤ 720 minutos y otra para duraciones > 720 minutos. Las series resultantes se sometieron a pruebas no paramétricas para evaluar su independencia, aleatoriedad, homogeneidad y estacionalidad. Posteriormente, se procedió a ajustarlas a la distribución probabilística Generalizada de Pareto y a una ecuación paramétrica del modelo de Montana. Luego se grafica la representación de las curvas para períodos de retorno de 10, 50 y 100 años. El modelo de Montana condujo a la obtención de coeficientes de correlación superiores a 0.90 y a los demás métodos utilizados, mejorando significativamente la calidad del ajuste en ambas categorías. Esta investigación aporta información para comprender y planificar la gestión de fenómenos climáticos intensos, así como para una adecuada gestión de riesgos en una zona donde no se cuenta con este tipo de estudios. Asimismo, facilita el acceso a datos cruciales que resultan fundamentales en el diseño y ejecución de proyectos de ingeniería hidráulica en la zona.

Abstract The permanent training of teachers constitutes a complement to their training process to positively impact the quality of education. For this reason, it is important to diagnose those areas susceptible to improvement in order to design suitable training plans. The objective of the research was to determine the permanent training needs of high school teachers in the State of Mexico to improve their teaching performance. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional and with a qualitative approach; the sample consisted of 48 teachers from three institutions of this educational level, intentionally selected through a non-probabilistic sample. The results obtained show that the teachers confirm the relevance of participating in continuous training courses due to the pedagogical and didactic deficiencies of their initial training outside of teaching; they prefer that they be taught in the mixed modality and that the facilitator be an external teacher their institutions. The areas where teachers expressed greatest training needs were: basic office automation, socio-emotional education and teaching strategies. It is recommended to adopt flexible and innovative ways to carry out training given the growing presence of digital technologies in the educational process.

Resumen La formación permanente del profesorado es fundamental para mejorar la calidad educativa, de ahí que sea crucial identificar áreas de mejora y diseñar planes de capacitación adecuados. Por ende, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las necesidades de formación continua de los profesores de educación media superior en el Estado de México con el fin de mejorar su desempeño docente. El estudio, de naturaleza descriptiva y transversal con un enfoque cualitativo, se llevó a cabo con la participación de 48 docentes de tres instituciones públicas de dicho nivel educativo. La selección de los participantes se realizó de manera intencional a través de un muestreo no probabilístico, y su participación fue voluntaria. Los resultados revelaron que más del 50 % de los profesores de estas instituciones necesitan cursos de formación continua, dado que su formación inicial no está directamente relacionada con la enseñanza, lo cual afecta su capacidad para liderar el proceso educativo. Además, expresaron preferencia por cursos en modalidad mixta, impartidos por facilitadores externos a sus instituciones. Las áreas donde los docentes manifestaron mayores necesidades de capacitación fueron ofimática básica, educación socioemocional y estrategias didácticas. Ante la creciente presencia de tecnologías digitales en el ámbito educativo, se recomienda adoptar enfoques flexibles e innovadores para la capacitación.

Resumo A formação contínua de professores é essencial para melhorar a qualidade educativa, razão pela qual é crucial identificar áreas de melhoria e conceber planos de formação adequados. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as necessidades de formação contínua dos professores do ensino médio no Estado do México, a fim de melhorar seu desempenho docente. O estudo, de natureza descritiva e transversal com abordagem qualitativa, foi realizado com a participação de 48 professores de três instituições públicas do referido nível de ensino. A seleção dos participantes foi realizada de forma intencional, por meio de amostragem não probabilística, e sua participação foi voluntária. Os resultados revelaram que mais de 50% dos professores dessas instituições necessitam de cursos de formação continuada, visto que sua formação inicial não está diretamente relacionada à docência, o que afeta sua capacidade de liderar o processo educativo. Além disso, manifestaram preferência por cursos de modalidade mista, ministrados por facilitadores externos às suas instituições. As áreas onde os professores manifestaram maiores necessidades de formação foram a automação básica de escritório, a educação socioemocional e as estratégias de ensino. Dada a presença crescente das tecnologias digitais no domínio educativo, recomenda-se a adoção de abordagens flexíveis e inovadoras à formação.

Abstract The excessive use of petroleum-based plastics creates a serious problem of environmental pollution, for this reason, this work proposes the production of bioplastic films based on cellulose extracted from leaves and stems of Ricinus communis L. (castor oil plant). The project was carried out in 2022 in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. The bioplastic was obtained in two stages, first the extraction of cellulose is carried out by an alkaline treatment at 80 °C, then, the cellulose obtained is mixed with water, glycerin, and acetic acid for the formation of the bioplastic film by the casting method. With the above procedure, uniform films with a thickness of 0.12 mm were obtained. Regarding the tensile strength, a maximum value of 7.1 MPa was found, as the amount of glycerin increases, the tensile strength increases. Through scanning electron microscopy analysis, it was observed that bioplastic films with 5% glycerin exhibit more uniform and homogeneous textures. The castor oil plant can be used not only to obtain oil but also to obtain plastics from sources alternative to petroleum, which would favor its cultivation in Michoacán.

Resumen El uso excesivo de plásticos elaborados con base de petróleo crea un grave problema de contaminación ambiental, por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo se propone la elaboración de películas de bioplástico a base de celulosa extraída de hojas y tallos de Ricinus communis L. (higuerilla). El proyecto se llevó a cabo en el año 2022 en el estado de Michoacán, México. El bioplástico se obtuvo en dos etapas, primero se lleva a cabo la extracción de celulosa mediante un tratamiento alcalino a 80 °C, posteriormente, la celulosa obtenida se mezcla con agua, glicerina y ácido acético para la formación de la película de bioplástico mediante el método de casting. Con el procedimiento anterior se obtuvieron películas uniformes con un espesor de 0.12 mm. En cuanto a la resistencia a la tracción se encontró un valor máximo de 7.1 MPa, al incrementar la cantidad de glicerina, aumenta la resistencia a la tensión. Mediante el análisis de microscopia electrónica de barrido, se observó que las películas del bioplástico con un 5% de glicerina exhiben texturas más uniformes y homogéneas. La higuerilla se puede aprovechar no solo para la obtención de aceite sino también para obtener plásticos de fuentes alternas al petróleo, lo que se favorecería su cultivo en Michoacán.

ABSTRACT The effect of natural and synthetic aromatase enzyme inhibitors on growth, survival, and masculinization in Nile tilapia offspring was evaluated. Five flavonoids: chrysin (CRI), 7-hydroxyflavone (7-HF), apigenin (NA), naringenin (NAR), and 7-methoxyflavone (7-MF) at 1 000, 1 500, and 2 000 mg kg-1; a non-steroidal compound: letrozole (LT) at 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1; and two synthetic steroids: exemestane (EXE) at 1 000, 1 500, and 2 000 mg kg-1, and 17 α-methyltestosterone (MT) at 60 mg kg-1 (C+), with a negative control free of compounds (C-). Each treatment was conducted in triplicate with n = 30 fish per replicate (0.012 ± 0.01 g) in cylindrical tanks (6 L) with continuous flow at 28°C. The 7-HF groups at 1 000 and 2 000 mg kg-1 showed significantly higher specific growth (16.08 ± 0.63% and 8.38 ± 2.11%, respectively). Survival was 100%, except for 7-HF 2,000 mg kg-1, NA 1,500 mg kg-1, 7-MF at 1 500 mg kg-1, and EXE at 1 500 and 2 000 mg kg-1, with 80 and 90%. The percentage of males in MT, EXE, and LT was 100%, but the flavonoid treatments varied, increasing from 57% males in C- to 71 to 86% for CRI 2 000, 7-HI 1 500, and all inclusion levels of 7-MET, NA, and NAR treatments. Further evaluation is expected to establish the concentration of natural inhibitors closer to 100% males.

RESUMEN Se evaluó el efecto de inhibidores naturales y sintéticos de la enzima aromatasa sobre el crecimiento, supervivencia y masculinización en crías de tilapia del Nilo. Cinco flavonoides: crisina (CRI), 7-hidroxiflavona (7-HF), apigenina (NA), naringenina (NAR) y 7-metoxiflavona (7-MF) a 1 000, 1 500 y 2 000 mg kg-1; un compuesto no esteroideo: letrozol (LT) a 50, 100 y 200 mg kg-1 y dos esteroides sintéticos: exemestano (EXE) a 1 000, 1 500 y 2 000 mg kg-1 y 17 α-metiltestosterona (MT) a 60 mg kg-1 (C+) y un control negativo libre de compuestos (C-). Cada tratamiento se realizó por triplicado con n = 30 peces por réplica (0.012 ± 0.01 g) en tanques cilíndricos (6 L) con flujo continuo a 28°C. Los grupos 7-HF a 1 000 y 2 000 mg kg-1 presentaron el crecimiento específico significativamente mayor (16.08 ± 0.63% y 8.38 ± 2.11%, respectivamente). La supervivencia fue de 100%, excepto: 7-HF 2000 mg kg-1, NA 1 500 mg kg-1, 7-MF a 1 500 mg kg-1 y EXE 1 500 y 2 000 mg kg-1, con 80 y 90%. El porcentaje de machos en MT, EXE y LT fue 100%, pero los tratamientos con flavonoides fueron muy variables, pero incrementando de un 57% de machos en el C-, de 71 a 86%, para CRI 2000, 7-HI 1 500, y todos los niveles de inclusión de los tratamientos 7-MET, NA y NAR. Se espera continuar la evaluación para establecer la concentración de inhibidores naturales que sea más cercana a 100% de machos.

Abstract: Sepsis is one of the main causes of admission to Intensive Care Units (ICU). The hemodynamic objectives usually sought during the resuscitation of the patient in septic shock correspond to macrohemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, central venous pressure). However, persistent alterations in microcirculation, despite the restoration of macrohemodynamic parameters, can cause organ failure. This dissociation between the macrocirculation and microcirculation originates the need to evaluate organ tissue perfusion, the most commonly used being urinary output, lactatemia, central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), and veno-arterial pCO2 gap. Because peripheral tissues, such as the skin, are sensitive to disturbances in perfusion, noninvasive monitoring of peripheral circulation, such as skin temperature gradient, capillary refill time, mottling score, and peripheral perfusion index may be helpful as early markers of the existence of systemic hemodynamic alterations. Peripheral circulation monitoring techniques are relatively easy to interpret and can be used directly at the patient’s bedside. This approach can be quickly applied in the intra- or extra-ICU setting. The objective of this narrative review is to analyze the various existing tissue perfusion markers and to update the evidence that allows guiding hemodynamic support in a more individualized therapy for each patient.

Resumen: La sepsis es una de las principales causas de admisión a las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Los objetivos hemodinámicos usualmente buscados durante la reanimación del paciente en shock séptico corresponden a parámetros macrohemodinámicos (frecuencia cardíaca, presión arterial, presión venosa central). No obstante, alteraciones persistentes del flujo sanguíneo microcirculatorio, a pesar de la restauración de los parámetros macrohemodinámicos, pueden ocasionar falla orgánica. Esta disociación existente entre los compartimentos macro y microcirculatorios origina la necesidad de evaluar la perfusión tisular orgánica, siendo los más empleados el débito urinario, lactatemia, saturación venosa central de oxígeno (SvcO2) y brecha veno-arterial de pCO2. Debido a que los tejidos periféricos, como la piel, son sensibles a las alteraciones en la perfusión, la monitorización no invasiva de la circulación periférica, como la gradiente de temperatura cutánea, tiempo de llene capilar, índice de moteado y de perfusión periférica pueden ser usados como marcadores precoces de la existencia de alteraciones hemodinámicas sistémicas. Las técnicas de monitorización de la circulación periférica son relativamente fáciles de interpretar y pueden ser usadas directamente al lado de la cama del paciente, enfoque que puede ser rápidamente aplicado en el ambiente intra o extra UCI. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es analizar los diversos marcadores de perfusión tisular existentes, y actualizar la evidencia que permita guiar el soporte hemodinámico en una terapia más individualizada en cada paciente.

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the spatial distribution patterns of Pinus and Quercus species along an altitudinal gradient in a temperate forest in northwestern Mexico. Individual uniformity (W i ), species mixture (M i ), and size dominance (U i ) were analyzed using structural parameters based on the relationships with the four nearest neighbors. Data were obtained from 37 sampling sites at three different altitude levels (Level 1: 2 200-2 600 m, Level 2: 2 600-2 800 m, and Level 3: 2 800-3 200 m), generating a total of 979 structural groups for all species. Pinus contributed 191, 51, and 41 groups at levels 1, 2, and 3, while Quercus contributed 192, one and zero, respectively. Pinus showed a tendency towards randomness, as did the oaks at Level 1; although, in this analysis, it was observed that at higher altitudes, Pinus tends towards a regular distribution. The species mix was medium to high for Pinus, which indicates that its individuals are surrounded by trees of different species, unlike Quercus. Size dominance revealed that Pinus specimens are taller than those of the Quercus genus throughout the gradient, especially at Level I. This approach provides an accurate understanding of the role of species in forest ecosystem dynamics.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los patrones de distribución espacial de las especies de Pinus y Quercus a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en un bosque templado del noroeste de México. Se analizó la uniformidad de los individuos (W i ), la mezcla de especies (M i ) y la dominancia dimensional (U i ) mediante parámetros estructurales basados en las relaciones con los cuatro vecinos más cercanos. Los datos se obtuvieron de 37 sitios de muestreo en tres niveles altitudinales (Nivel 1: 2 200-2 600 m, Nivel 2: 2 600-2 800 m y Nivel 3: 2 800-3 200 m), lo que generó un total de 979 grupos estructurales para todas las especies. Pinus contribuyó con 191, 51 y 41 grupos en los niveles 1, 2 y 3; mientras que Quercus aportó 192, uno y cero, respectivamente. Pinus evidenció tendencia hacia la aleatoriedad, y los encinos también en el Nivel 1, aunque en este análisis se observó que a mayor altitud Pinus tiende hacia una distribución regular. La mezcla de especies fue de media a alta para Pinus, lo cual indica que sus individuos están rodeados de árboles de especies diferentes, y con Quercus ocurrió al contrario. La dominancia dimensional reveló que los ejemplares de Pinus tienen mayor altura que los del género Quercus en todo el gradiente, especialmente en el Nivel 1. Este enfoque proporciona una comprensión exacta de la función que cumplen las especies en la dinámica de los ecosistemas forestales.

Abstract: Sepsis is one of the main causes of admission to Intensive Care Units (ICU). The hemodynamic objectives usually sought during the resuscitation of the patient in septic shock correspond to macrohemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, central venous pressure). However, persistent alterations in microcirculation, despite the restoration of macrohemodynamic parameters, can cause organ failure. This dissociation between the macrocirculation and microcirculation originates the need to evaluate organ tissue perfusion, the most commonly used being urinary output, lactatemia, central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), and veno-arterial pCO2 gap. Because peripheral tissues, such as the skin, are sensitive to disturbances in perfusion, noninvasive monitoring of peripheral circulation, such as skin temperature gradient, capillary refill time, mottling score, and peripheral perfusion index may be helpful as early markers of the existence of systemic hemodynamic alterations. Peripheral circulation monitoring techniques are relatively easy to interpret and can be used directly at the patient’s bedside. This approach can be quickly applied in the intra- or extra-ICU setting. The objective of this narrative review is to analyze the various existing tissue perfusion markers and to update the evidence that allows guiding hemodynamic support in a more individualized therapy for each patient.

Resumen: La sepsis es una de las principales causas de admisión a las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Los objetivos hemodinámicos usualmente buscados durante la reanimación del paciente en shock séptico corresponden a parámetros macrohemodinámicos (frecuencia cardíaca, presión arterial, presión venosa central). No obstante, alteraciones persistentes del flujo sanguíneo microcirculatorio, a pesar de la restauración de los parámetros macrohemodinámicos, pueden ocasionar falla orgánica. Esta disociación existente entre los compartimentos macro y microcirculatorios origina la necesidad de evaluar la perfusión tisular orgánica, siendo los más empleados el débito urinario, lactatemia, saturación venosa central de oxígeno (SvcO2) y brecha veno-arterial de pCO2. Debido a que los tejidos periféricos, como la piel, son sensibles a las alteraciones en la perfusión, la monitorización no invasiva de la circulación periférica, como la gradiente de temperatura cutánea, tiempo de llene capilar, índice de moteado y de perfusión periférica pueden ser usados como marcadores precoces de la existencia de alteraciones hemodinámicas sistémicas. Las técnicas de monitorización de la circulación periférica son relativamente fáciles de interpretar y pueden ser usadas directamente al lado de la cama del paciente, enfoque que puede ser rápidamente aplicado en el ambiente intra o extra UCI. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es analizar los diversos marcadores de perfusión tisular existentes, y actualizar la evidencia que permita guiar el soporte hemodinámico en una terapia más individualizada en cada paciente.

Abstract ‘Ataulfo’ mango is highly produced in Mexico, being harvested when it reaches its physiological maturity. This process takes at least another month for the fruit to reach consumption maturity. Warehouses and markets present important losses as the ready-to-eat status is unknown. Maturity status is determined by measuring slow and destructive physicochemical variables. An optical device based on the AS7262 spectral sensor was connected to the ESP32 microcontroller and measurements were correlated with soluble solids content (SSC), dry matter (DM) and firmness of mangoes obtained from the local market. Data analysis was carried out by partial least squares (PLS) regression, classification, regression tree (CART) and random forest (RF) models. With PLS, SST and firmness were predicted with R2 of 0.61 and 0.76, respectively. The root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.91 for SSC and 0.67 for firmness. With the CART model, classification accuracy was 90% for SSC and 87% for firmness of intact mango fruits. ‘Ataulfo Ataulfo Mexico maturity readytoeat ready eat unknown variables AS AS726 ESP ESP3 SSC, , (SSC) DM (DM market PLS (PLS (CART RF (RF models R 061 0 61 0.6 076 76 0.76 respectively RMSEP (RMSEP 091 91 0.9 067 67 model 90 87 fruits AS72 (SSC 06 6 0. 07 7 0.7 09 9 8 AS7

Resumo A manga cultivar ‘Ataulfo’ é altamente produzida no México e é colhida quando atinge maturidade fisiológica. Este processo leva pelo menos mais um mês para o fruto atingir maturidade de consumo. Armazéns e mercados apresentam perdas importantes porque o status “pronta para consumo” é desconhecido. O status de maturidade é determinado pela medição de variáveis físico-químicas lentas e destrutivas. Um dispositivo óptico baseado no sensor espectral AS7262 foi conectado ao microcontrolador ESP32, e suas medidas foram correlacionadas com o teor de sólidos solúveis (TSS), matéria seca (MS) e firmeza de mangas obtidas no mercado local. Análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de modelos de regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS), árvore de classificação e regressão (CART) efloresta aleatória (RF). Com o modelo PLS, TSS e firmeza, foram previstos R2 de 0,61 e 0,76, respectivamente. A raiz do erro quadrático médio de predição (RMSEP) foi de 0,91 para TSS e 0,67para firmeza. Com o modelo CART, a precisão da classificação foi de 90% para TSS e 87% para firmeza de frutos intactos. ‘Ataulfo Ataulfo fisiológica consumo pronta desconhecido físicoquímicas físico químicas destrutivas AS AS726 ESP32 ESP TSS, , (TSS) MS (MS local PLS (PLS) CART (CART RF. RF . (RF) R 061 0 61 0,6 076 76 0,76 respectivamente RMSEP (RMSEP 091 91 0,9 067para 67para 90 87 intactos AS72 ESP3 (TSS (PLS (RF 06 6 0, 07 7 0,7 09 9 8 AS7

Abstract Euphorbia pulcherrima is a plant with colorful bracts sold mainly at Christmas time, and is the most important ornamental container plant in the world. To produce healthy plants with high-quality standards, growers intensively apply pesticides and fertilizers, which increases production costs and promote environmental pollution. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represent an environmentally friendly technological alternative for ornamental production. Therefore, this work evaluated the effect of three bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. CPO 2.78, Enterobacter sp. CPO 2.5, and Bacillus megaterium CPO 2.35) isolated from the rhizosphere of E. cyathophora on the vegetative and reproductive growth of E. pulcherrima var. Prestige Red in the presence of three doses of multipurpose Ultrasol fertilizer (0, 50% and 100%) after 236 days under greenhouse conditions. At vegetative stage (118 days), bacterial inoculation produced greater leaf area and higher leaf weight, total dry weight, and relative chlorophyll content, especially with the 50% fertilizer combination. At reproductive stage (236 days), inoculating a mixture of the three bacteria combined with 50% fertilizer increased leaf area, chlorophyll content, total dry weight, plant width, and number of branches. Overall, using PGPR plus 50% fertilizer improved growth and production of E. pulcherrima, and obtained a plant quality similar to that achieved without inoculation plus 100% fertilization. time world highquality high standards fertilizers pollution growthpromoting promoting (PGPR Therefore Pseudomonas sp 278 2 78 2.78 25 5 2.5 2.35 235 35 E var 0, 0 (0 50 100 23 conditions 118 (11 days, , days) weight content combination (23 width branches Overall fertilization 27 7 2.7 2. 2.3 3 ( 10 11 (1 (2 1

Resumo A Euphorbia pulcherrima é uma planta com brácteas coloridas comercializada principalmente no Natal, sendo a mais importante planta ornamental de vaso do mundo. Para produzir plantas saudáveis com altos padrões de qualidade, os produtores aplicam intensivamente defensivos e fertilizantes agrícolas, o que aumenta os custos de produção e causa a poluição ambiental. O uso de rizobactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas (PGPR) mostra-se como uma nova opção para a produção de plantas devido aos benefícios que proporcionam às plantas, relacionados à nutrição e saúde. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito de três espécies de bactérias (Pseudomonas sp. CPO 2.78, Enterobacter sp. CPO 2.5 e Bacillus megaterium CPO 2. 35) isoladas da rizosfera de E. cyathophora, no crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo de E. pulcherrima var. Prestige Red, na presença de três níveis de fertilização multiuso Ultrasol (0, 50% e 100%), sob casa de vegetação por 236 dias. Na fase vegetativa (118 dias), a inoculação bacteriana promoveu o maior incremento de área foliar, peso seco total e foliar e conteúdo relativo de clorofila, especialmente quando combinada com 50% de fertilizante. Na fase reprodutiva (236 dias), a inoculação das três espécies combinadas com 50% de fertilizante promoveu o aumento da área foliar, o teor de clorofila, o peso seco total, a largura da planta e o número de ramos. Em geral, o uso de PGPR com 50% de fertilizante melhorou o crescimento e a produção de E. pulcherrima, cuja qualidade da planta foi semelhante à obtida com 100% de fertilização. Natal mundo agrícolas ambiental (PGPR mostrase mostra se saúde Pseudomonas sp 278 2 78 2.78 25 5 35 E cyathophora var Red 0, 0 (0 50 100%, 100 , 100%) 23 dias 118 (11 dias, dias) clorofila (23 ramos geral 27 7 2.7 3 ( 10 11 (1 (2 1

ABSTRACT Worldwide, a comprehensive characterization has been implemented in different farming systems but not in sugarcane agroecosystems for panela production in high Andean regions. In Colombia, panela is an important staple food, being the second largest producer in the world; however, the predominant cropping systems in different regions have not yet been fully described. Using secondary information, as well as the implementation of semi-structured surveys with farmer participation, together with geographic information system analysis tools, 341 farms and management measures were identified in a large sugarcane productive region in Colombia. Sufficient soil and climatic conditions were found for production, siltstone parent material (38.84%), predominant spine relief (83.23%), rainfall (1,000 mm), relative humidity (86%) and annual temperature (23 °C). The types cropping systems were determined, characterizing their management, as well as variables of the socioeconomic structure of the region. The production systems were classified into five gropus, were the typification of farms was mainly by three cutting systems called “parejo”, “entresaque” and a new cutting system was identified, called “parejo” without renewal. As a complement, deficiencies were found in socioeconomic, technical and technological aspects in the province of Gualivá (Cundinamarca), being a generalized panorama in this important productive system in the country. Worldwide Colombia food world however described semistructured semi structured participation tools 34 38.84%, 3884 38.84% , 38 84 (38.84%) 83.23%, 8323 83.23% 83 23 (83.23%) 1,000 1000 1 000 (1,00 mm, mm mm) 86% 86 (86% (2 °C. C °C . °C) determined gropus parejo, parejo entresaque “entresaque “parejo renewal complement Cundinamarca, Cundinamarca (Cundinamarca) country 3 388 38.84 8 (38.84% 832 83.23 2 (83.23% 1,00 100 00 (1,0 (86 ( (Cundinamarca 38.8 (38.84 83.2 (83.23 1,0 10 0 (1, (8 38. (38.8 83. (83.2 1, (1 (38. (83. (38 (83 (3

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article presents a holistic approach to the development of statistical competences for research on health information systems through professional development. The need is recognized to cultivate statistical thinking among the professionals in charge of researching such systems, because it allows deepening the understanding and analysis of data, informed decision making, as well as clear and accurate communication of relevant information. Objective: To provide the foundations for the statistical competencies that favor efficient research on health information systems, from a pedagogical model with a holistic approach and oriented to professional improvement. Methods: A theoretical approach based on content analysis of relevant theoretical sources and systemic modeling with a holistic-configurational approach was used as a basis to identify concepts and arguments related to statistical competencies that allow efficient research on health information systems. Results: Eight statistical competencies were given foundations, in as much as they favor efficient research on health information systems, based on a pedagogical model with a holistic approach oriented to professional improvement, which relates the argumentation of the statistical sense of these systems with their modeling. Conclusions: The pedagogical model with a holistic approach give foundations to the development of statistical competencies that favor the efficient research on health information systems, by providing a theoretical-practical basis that supports, from professional improvement, the formation of a statistical culture, reasoning and thinking oriented to the management of valid and reliable information for decision making in the health field.

RESUMEN Introducción: Este artículo presenta un enfoque holístico del desarrollo de competencias estadísticas para la investigación de los Sistemas de Información en Salud, a través de la superación profesional. Se reconoce la necesidad de cultivar el pensamiento estadístico en los profesionales encargados de investigarlos, porque permite profundizar en la comprensión y el análisis de los datos, la toma de decisiones informadas, y la comunicación clara y precisa de la información relevante. Objetivo: Fundamentar las competencias estadísticas que favorecen la investigación eficiente de los Sistemas de Información en Salud desde un modelo pedagógico con enfoque holístico, orientado a la superación profesional. Métodos: Se utilizó un enfoque teórico sustentado en el análisis de contenido de fuentes teóricas relevantes y la modelación sistémica con un enfoque holístico-configuracional, como base para identificar conceptos y argumentos relacionados con las competencias estadísticas que permiten la investigación eficiente de los Sistemas de Información en Salud. Resultados: Se fundamentaron ocho competencias estadísticas que favorecen la investigación eficiente de los Sistemas de Información en Salud, sustentadas en un modelo pedagógico con enfoque holístico orientado a la superación profesional, que relaciona la argumentación del sentido estadístico de estos sistemas con su modelación. Conclusiones: El modelo pedagógico con enfoque holístico fundamenta el desarrollo de las competencias estadísticas que favorecen la investigación eficiente de los Sistemas de Información en Salud, al proporcionar una base teórico-práctica que sustenta, desde la superación profesional, la formación de una cultura, razonamiento y pensamiento estadísticos orientados a la gestión de información válida y confiable para la toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la salud.

ABSTRACT Background: morphophysiology of the Nervous System is one of the essential contents of the basic biomedical sciences and the most cognitively difficult for students studying Medicine. Objective: to identify the level of knowledge about the morphophysiology of the nervous system of the students of the fourth year of the Medicine degree, at the Medical Sciences Branch of Puerto Padre, in Las Tunas. Methods: a descriptive research with a quantitative-qualitative approach was carried out at the Medical Sciences Branch of Puerto Padre, Las Tunas province, in the 2022-2023 school year. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; empirical: questionnaire; and mathematical-statistical for the analysis of the results obtained through the use of theoretical and empirical methods. Results: the level of general knowledge about the Morphophysiology of the Nervous System was rated average in 81.6% of the students. There was no statistical association with respect to sex. Conclusions: the level of knowledge about the Morphophysiology of the Nervous System of the students of the fourth year of the Medicine degree was identified, which allows emphasis on the achievement of meaningful learning of these contents.

RESUMEN Fundamento: morfofisiología del Sistema Nervioso es uno de los contenidos esenciales de las ciencias básicas biomédicas y de mayor dificultad cognitiva en el estudiantado de la carrera de Medicina. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la morfofisiología del sistema nervioso de los estudiantes del cuarto año de la carrera de Medicina, en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Puerto Padre, en Las Tunas. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cuanticualitativo, en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas de Puerto Padre, provincia Las Tunas, en el curso escolar 2022-2023. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: cuestionario; y matemático-estadísticos para el análisis de los resultados obtenidos mediante el uso de los métodos teóricos y empíricos. Resultados: el nivel de conocimientos generales sobre la Morfofisiología del Sistema Nervioso fue calificado de medio en el 81,6 % de los estudiantes. No existió asociación estadística con respecto al sexo. Conclusiones: se identificó el nivel de conocimientos sobre la Morfofisiología del Sistema Nervioso de los estudiantes del cuarto año de la carrera de Medicina, lo que permite hacer énfasis en el logro de un aprendizaje significativo de estos contenidos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the location of facilities and the orientation for tourist itineraries, there are parameters that could change over time. Currently, location problems do not model the dynamism in the availability of types of facilities. On the other hand, most orienteering problems assume that the interest of a point is fixed over time. Therefore, there is a need to add more flexibility to the models. The objective of this work was to model and solve variants of location and orientation problems that include time-dependent parameters. Methods: To carry out the objective, the following was proposed: a mathematical model of the problem of maximal dynamic coverage with facility types that vary in time, a heuristic algorithm to solve it and another for the partial evaluation of its solutions, and finally, a comparative experimental evidence of two variants of the problem of designing tourist itineraries with time-dependent recommendation factors. Results: The experiments demonstrated the fulfilment of the objectives, because it was shown the expected flexibility in the variation over time of the conditions in both models. Likewise, it was shown that the partial evaluation managed to reduce the execution time to less than a sixth of the original time. Conclusions: the objectives were met, being possible to model situations such as: the planning of police patrols with types of agents not available at a certain time, the planning of the use of antennas with limited activation at certain times, or the generation of tourist itineraries with variable interest over time.

RESUMEN Introducción: En la localización de instalaciones y la orientación para itinerarios turísticos existen parámetros que podrían cambiar en el tiempo. Actualmente, los problemas de localización de instalaciones no modelan el dinamismo en la disponibilidad de los tipos de instalaciones. Por otro lado, en la mayoría de los problemas de orientación se asume que el interés (asumido como valor numérico) de un punto es fijo. Por eso, es necesaria una mayor flexibilidad en los modelos. El objetivo del trabajo es modelar y solucionar problemas de localización y orientación con parámetros dependientes del tiempo. Métodos: Para cumplir el objetivo se propone: un modelo del problema de máxima cobertura dinámico con tipos de instalaciones variables en el tiempo; un algoritmo heurístico para resolverlo y otro para la evaluación parcial de sus soluciones y una evidencia experimental comparativa de 2 variantes del problema del diseño de itinerarios turísticos con factores de recomendación dependientes del tiempo. Resultados: Los experimentos demostraron el cumplimiento de los objetivos, pues se mostró la flexibilidad esperada en la variación en el tiempo de las condiciones en ambos modelos. Igualmente, se comprobó que la evaluación parcial logró reducir el tiempo de ejecución a menos de la sexta parte del tiempo original. Conclusiones: se cumplieron los objetivos del trabajo siendo posible modelar situaciones como la planificación del patrullaje policial con tipos de agentes no disponibles en cierto horario, la planificación del uso de antenas con activación limitada en algunos momentos, o la generación de itinerarios turísticos con un interés variable en el tiempo.