Abstract (Objective) The objective of this study was to analyze antimicrobial resistance in Peruvian aquaculture. (Methodology) An observational, descriptive study was carried out. Samples of Argopectenpurpuratus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oreochromis niloticus and Litopenaeus vannamei were included. The bacteria Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Erichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas spp., and Flavobacterium psychrophilum were isolated. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated using antibiograms, and resistant samples were sequenced to identify antimicrobial resistance genes. Absolute and percentage frequencies were calculated. In addition, Wald, Clopper-Pearson, and pooled prevalence confidence intervals were estimated. (Results) In the case of A. purpuratus, 22.2% (95% CI:2.81-60.00) of the E. coli samples were resistant to oxytetracycline. Resistant samples were found in 4.44% (n=2) of the aquaculture production centers (APCs). In O. mykiss, 88.89% (95% CI:51.16-99.72) of the Enterococcus spp. were resistant to osfomycin and oxytetracycline. Resistant samples were found in12.96% of the APCs (n=7). Regarding O. niloticus, 47.31% (95% CI: 37.16-57.46) of the E. coli samples were resistant to oxytetracycline ampicilline>chloramphenicol>fosfomycin and azithromycin. Resistant samples were encountered in 50% of the APCs (n=19). In addition, 89.36% (95% CI:80.55-98.18) of the Enterococcus spp. were resistant to Fosfomycin> chloranphenicol and colistin> oxytetracycline>azithromycin>ampicilline; resistant samples were found in 36.84% of the APCs (n=14). In L. vannamei, 87.11% (95% CI:83.00-91.21) of the Enterococcus spp. samples were resistant to Fosfomycin> colistin> oxytetracycline> azithromycin> ampicilline and resistant samples were found in 100% of the APCs (n=33). Likewise, 35.05% (95% CI:29.74-40.23) of the V. parahaemolyticus samples were resistant to ampicilline>fosfomycin>oxytetracycline>azithromycin>eritromicine>enrofloxacin>ampicilline> chloranfhenicol. Resistant samples were found in 78.79% (n=26) of the APCs (Conclusions) The percentage of APCs with O. niloticus and L. vannamei showed that antimicrobial resistance was high.
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Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo foi analisar a resistência antimicrobiana na aquicultura peruana. (Metodologia) Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo. Foram incluídas amostras das espécies Argopecten purpuratus, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Oreochromis niloticus e Litopenaeus vannamei. Foram isoladas bactérias dos gêneros Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Aeromonas spp., e espécies de Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Flavobacterium psychrophilum. A resistência antimicrobiana foi avaliada por meio de antibiograma, e amostras resistentes foram sequenciadas para identificar genes de resistência antimicrobiana. Foram calculadas as frequências absoluta e percentual, além dos intervalos de confiança de Wald, Clopper-Pearson e as prevalências agrupadas. (Resultados) Em relação a A. purpuratus, 22,2% (IC 95%: 2,81-60,00) das amostras de E. coli foram resistentes à oxitetraciclina. Estes pertenciam a 4,44 % (n=2) dos centros de produção aquícola (CPA). Em O. mykiss, 88,89% (IC 95%: 51,16-99,72) das amostras de rococcus spp. foram resistentes à fosfomicina e oxitetraciclina. Estas pertenciam a 12,96% das CPAs (n=7). Em relação a O. niloticus, 47,31 % IC 95%: 37,16-57,46) das amostras de E. coli foram resistentes à oxitetraciclina>ampicilina>cloranfenicol fosfomicina e azitromicina. Estas pertenciam a 50% das CPAs (n=19). Além disso, 89,36% (IC95%: 80,55-98,18) das amostras de Enterococcus spp. foram resistentes a fosfomicina>cloranfenicol e colistina>oxitetraciclina>azitromicina>ampicilina; estas pertenciam a 36,84% das CPAs (n=14). Em L. vannamei, 87,11% (IC 95%: 83,00-91,21) das amostras de Enterococcus spp foram resistentes à fosfomicina>colistina>oxitetraciclina>azitromicina eritromicina>enrofloxacina> ampicilina>cloranfenicol e pertenciam a 100% das CPAs (n=33). Além disso, 3 ,05% (IC 95%: 29,74-40,23) das amostras de V.parahaemolyticus foram resistentes à ampicilina>fosfomicina>colistina>oxitetraciclina>azitromicina. Estas pertenciam a 78,79% (n=26) das CPAs. (Conclusões) A porcentagem de CPA de O. niloticus L. vannamei, mostrou maior resistência antimicrobiana do estudo.