Foi realizado estudo epidemiológico sobre os seguintes fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares ateroscleróticas: dislipidemias, obesidade, hipertensão, diabetes melito e alguns elementos definidores do estilo de vida (sedentarismo, etilismo, tabagismo e hábitos alimentares) em população pertencente à Área Metropolitana de São Paulo. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram os seguintes: a) desenvolver uma linha de base epidemiológica para o estudo das doenças cardiovasculares ateroscleróticas e os fatores de risco representados pelas dislipidemias, obesidades, hipertensão e diabetes melito e de suas relações com características pessoais, familiares e sociais; b) encaminhar para tratamento clínico-educativo os indivíduos doentes ou portadores de risco. A metodologia empregada é a primeira parte de uma série destinada à divulgação dos resultados da pesquisa. Tendo em vista os objetivos, optou-se por se trabalhar integradamente com os centros de saúde e associações comunitárias locais na fase de coleta de dados em campo. Por isso, a metodologia empregada foi a de trabalhar em pequenas áreas geográficas, homogêneas do ponto de vista socioeconômico, denominadas "áreas de estudo". A caracterização de grupos sociais foi feita através do conceito de classes sociais, operacionalizado por meio de indicadores como renda, escolaridade, ocupação, posição na ocupação, posse de propriedade e respectiva dimensão e emprego de mão-de-obra. Foram estabelecidas as seguintes classes sociais: burguesia, pequena burguesia tradicinal, proletariado e sub-proletariado. Foram realizados inquéritos clínicos, bioquímico, alimentar e entrevistas para se obter informações de caráter demográfico, socioeconômico e de estilo de vida. O inquérito clínico constou de tomada de medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial, eletrocardiograma e informações sobre antecedentes pessoais e familiares de hipertensão, obesidade, cardiopatias e outras morbidades. O inquérito bioquímico constou da medida dos seguintes constituintes sangüíneos: colesterol total, HDL colesterol, LDL colesterol, triglicérides, magnésio, glicose, sódio, potássio, cálcio e fósforo. O inquérito alimentar envolveu informações sobre a história alimentar do indivíduo. A intervenção clínico -educativa foi feita com a participação de associações comunitárias e centros de saúde, que criaram programas locais de atendimento aos doentes e portadores de risco.

An epidemiological study was carried out into the risk factors for the following atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: lipemics disorders, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus as related to some factors which characterize life-style (sedentary, drinking, smoking and eating habits). The population studied belongs to the metropolitan area of S. Paulo. The research project had the following objectives: a) the development of an epidemiological baseline for the study of the risk factors for the atherosclerotics cardiovascular diseases represented by the lipemics disorders, obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus and their relationship with personal, family and social characteristics; b) the for clinical-educative treatment of pacients or people at risk. In view of the objectives above it was decided that the project should in an integrated way with the local health centers and community associations in the field work phase. For this purpose, the methodology adopted was that of establishing small geographical areas, denominated "study areas", in accordance with socioeconomic criterion. Clinico-biochemical and eating surveys were carried out and interviews held with a view to obtaining data on socioeconomic and demographic and life-style characteristics. The clinical survey collected data on anthropometric measurements, arterial pressure, electrocardiogram and symptoms of heart disease. The biochemical survey consisted of the measurement of the following constituents of the blood: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerids, magnesium, glucose, sodium, potassium and phosphorous. The eating survey covered data of historic food consumption. By means of indicators such as income, schooling, occupation, position held in the occupation, ownership of property and respective size of property and employment of labour, the social classes were established. The clinico-educative intervention was carried out in the following way: a) the team made contact with the community associations and the health centers, that begin to participate in the project, permitting the use of their physical space for the carrying out of surveys and clinical exams and taking part in the work of publishing and explaining the project; b) those individuals with positive diagnosis or who are found at risk were referred to the health centers which then include assistance for the diseases in question in their permanent activities. After the end the project the team gave to the community a report on the prevalence of the morbidities researched in their population.

Foi realizado estudo epidemiológico sobre os seguintes fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares ateroscleróticas: dislipidemias, obesidade, hipertensão, diabetes melito e alguns elementos definidores do estilo de vida (sedentarismo, etilismo, tabagismo e hábitos alimentares) em população pertencente à Área Metropolitana de São Paulo. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram os seguintes: a) desenvolver uma linha de base epidemiológica para o estudo das doenças cardiovasculares ateroscleróticas e os fatores de risco representados pelas dislipidemias, obesidades, hipertensão e diabetes melito e de suas relações com características pessoais, familiares e sociais; b) encaminhar para tratamento clínico-educativo os indivíduos doentes ou portadores de risco. A metodologia empregada é a primeira parte de uma série destinada à divulgação dos resultados da pesquisa. Tendo em vista os objetivos, optou-se por se trabalhar integradamente com os centros de saúde e associações comunitárias locais na fase de coleta de dados em campo. Por isso, a metodologia empregada foi a de trabalhar em pequenas áreas geográficas, homogêneas do ponto de vista socioeconômico, denominadas "áreas de estudo". A caracterização de grupos sociais foi feita através do conceito de classes sociais, operacionalizado por meio de indicadores como renda, escolaridade, ocupação, posição na ocupação, posse de propriedade e respectiva dimensão e emprego de mão-de-obra. Foram estabelecidas as seguintes classes sociais: burguesia, pequena burguesia tradicinal, proletariado e sub-proletariado. Foram realizados inquéritos clínicos, bioquímico, alimentar e entrevistas para se obter informações de caráter demográfico, socioeconômico e de estilo de vida. O inquérito clínico constou de tomada de medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial, eletrocardiograma e informações sobre antecedentes pessoais e familiares de hipertensão, obesidade, cardiopatias e outras morbidades. O inquérito bioquímico constou da medida dos seguintes constituintes sangüíneos: colesterol total, HDL colesterol, LDL colesterol, triglicérides, magnésio, glicose, sódio, potássio, cálcio e fósforo. O inquérito alimentar envolveu informações sobre a história alimentar do indivíduo. A intervenção clínico -educativa foi feita com a participação de associações comunitárias e centros de saúde, que criaram programas locais de atendimento aos doentes e portadores de risco.

An epidemiological study was carried out into the risk factors for the following atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: lipemics disorders, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus as related to some factors which characterize life-style (sedentary, drinking, smoking and eating habits). The population studied belongs to the metropolitan area of S. Paulo. The research project had the following objectives: a) the development of an epidemiological baseline for the study of the risk factors for the atherosclerotics cardiovascular diseases represented by the lipemics disorders, obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus and their relationship with personal, family and social characteristics; b) the for clinical-educative treatment of pacients or people at risk. In view of the objectives above it was decided that the project should in an integrated way with the local health centers and community associations in the field work phase. For this purpose, the methodology adopted was that of establishing small geographical areas, denominated "study areas", in accordance with socioeconomic criterion. Clinico-biochemical and eating surveys were carried out and interviews held with a view to obtaining data on socioeconomic and demographic and life-style characteristics. The clinical survey collected data on anthropometric measurements, arterial pressure, electrocardiogram and symptoms of heart disease. The biochemical survey consisted of the measurement of the following constituents of the blood: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerids, magnesium, glucose, sodium, potassium and phosphorous. The eating survey covered data of historic food consumption. By means of indicators such as income, schooling, occupation, position held in the occupation, ownership of property and respective size of property and employment of labour, the social classes were established. The clinico-educative intervention was carried out in the following way: a) the team made contact with the community associations and the health centers, that begin to participate in the project, permitting the use of their physical space for the carrying out of surveys and clinical exams and taking part in the work of publishing and explaining the project; b) those individuals with positive diagnosis or who are found at risk were referred to the health centers which then include assistance for the diseases in question in their permanent activities. After the end the project the team gave to the community a report on the prevalence of the morbidities researched in their population.

No estudo de população constituída de 3.792 indivíduos, procurou-se caracterizar o estado dos níveis lipêmicos, segundo sexo, idade e a presença ou ausência de fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares, expressos pelo hábito de fumar, obesidade, antecedentes diabéticos e uso de contraceptivos orais. Os indivíduos que não apresentaram nenhuma patologia e qualquer dos fatores de risco considerados foram denominados "isentos". Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância constatando-se que a obesidade apresentou-se como o fator de risco mais relevante, para todos os grupos etários de ambos os sexos. Entretanto, para as mulheres encontraram-se diferenças menores, embora significantes, ao se comparar as médias dos níveis séricos lipêmicos, entre "isentas" e portadoras de fatores de risco. Para o grupo etário acima de 50 anos, sexo feminino, os níveis lipêmicos foram altos independentemente dos fatores de risco abordados.

An attempt was made to caracterize lipemic levels according to sex, age and presence or absence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, in a population of 3,792 people between the ages of 20 and 59, in terms of smoking habits, obesity, family history of diabetes and use of oral contraceptives. Those individuals who did not present any of the risk factors mentioned were classified as "exempt". After submitting the data to variance analysis it was found that: - for men between 20 and 49 years of age there were high significant differences in the averages obtained for the seric levels of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol between "exempt" and obese and "exempt" and obese with a family history of diabetes; - for the 50 to 59 age group there were significant differences in the average of the values corresponding to the seric levels of total lipids between "exempt" and those individuals in whom obesity appeared associated with smoking habits or associated with a family history of diabetes. The averages obtained for seric triglycerides were significantly different between "exempt" and non-obese with a family history of diabetes, obese, obese smokers and obese with a family history of diabetes. On the other hand, the averages relating to seric levels of total cholesterol were different, at significant levels, between "exempt" and obese smokers; - the risk represented by the smoking habit showed no relevance with regard to the lipemic levels in any group except for that of men between 30 and 39 years of age. In their case, there were significant differences between the averages obtained for the seric levels of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol, between "exempt" and smokers and between "exempt" and obese smokers. It is to be noted that the differences obtained with regard to the averages relating to lipemic levels as between "exempt" and obese were less those obtained between "exempt" and obese smokers, thus showing the possible relevance of the risk presented by the smoking habit; - among the women there were less accentuated differences in the averages corresponding to the lipemic levels as between "exempt" and those who presented one or more risk factors. Thus, for the age group from 20 to 29 there were significant differences in the averages obtained for total lipids as between "exempt" and obese. The averages of the serie levels of total cholesterol were significantly different as between "exempt" and obese and between "exempt" and obese with a family history of diabetes, irrespective of their smoking; - for the age group from 30 to 39, there were significant differences in the averages obtained for the serie levels of triglycerides as between "exempt" and obese. The averages relating to serie levels of total cholesterol were significantly different as between "exempt" and obese and between "exempt" and those who used oral contraceptives; - for the age group between 50 and 59, the lipemic levels were high, especially those of total cholesterol, for all groups, irrespective of risk factors; - for all age groups, of both sexes, obesity was the most important risk factor.

No estudo de população constituída de 3.792 indivíduos, procurou-se caracterizar o estado dos níveis lipêmicos, segundo sexo, idade e a presença ou ausência de fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares, expressos pelo hábito de fumar, obesidade, antecedentes diabéticos e uso de contraceptivos orais. Os indivíduos que não apresentaram nenhuma patologia e qualquer dos fatores de risco considerados foram denominados "isentos". Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância constatando-se que a obesidade apresentou-se como o fator de risco mais relevante, para todos os grupos etários de ambos os sexos. Entretanto, para as mulheres encontraram-se diferenças menores, embora significantes, ao se comparar as médias dos níveis séricos lipêmicos, entre "isentas" e portadoras de fatores de risco. Para o grupo etário acima de 50 anos, sexo feminino, os níveis lipêmicos foram altos independentemente dos fatores de risco abordados.

An attempt was made to caracterize lipemic levels according to sex, age and presence or absence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, in a population of 3,792 people between the ages of 20 and 59, in terms of smoking habits, obesity, family history of diabetes and use of oral contraceptives. Those individuals who did not present any of the risk factors mentioned were classified as "exempt". After submitting the data to variance analysis it was found that: - for men between 20 and 49 years of age there were high significant differences in the averages obtained for the seric levels of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol between "exempt" and obese and "exempt" and obese with a family history of diabetes; - for the 50 to 59 age group there were significant differences in the average of the values corresponding to the seric levels of total lipids between "exempt" and those individuals in whom obesity appeared associated with smoking habits or associated with a family history of diabetes. The averages obtained for seric triglycerides were significantly different between "exempt" and non-obese with a family history of diabetes, obese, obese smokers and obese with a family history of diabetes. On the other hand, the averages relating to seric levels of total cholesterol were different, at significant levels, between "exempt" and obese smokers; - the risk represented by the smoking habit showed no relevance with regard to the lipemic levels in any group except for that of men between 30 and 39 years of age. In their case, there were significant differences between the averages obtained for the seric levels of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol, between "exempt" and smokers and between "exempt" and obese smokers. It is to be noted that the differences obtained with regard to the averages relating to lipemic levels as between "exempt" and obese were less those obtained between "exempt" and obese smokers, thus showing the possible relevance of the risk presented by the smoking habit; - among the women there were less accentuated differences in the averages corresponding to the lipemic levels as between "exempt" and those who presented one or more risk factors. Thus, for the age group from 20 to 29 there were significant differences in the averages obtained for total lipids as between "exempt" and obese. The averages of the serie levels of total cholesterol were significantly different as between "exempt" and obese and between "exempt" and obese with a family history of diabetes, irrespective of their smoking; - for the age group from 30 to 39, there were significant differences in the averages obtained for the serie levels of triglycerides as between "exempt" and obese. The averages relating to serie levels of total cholesterol were significantly different as between "exempt" and obese and between "exempt" and those who used oral contraceptives; - for the age group between 50 and 59, the lipemic levels were high, especially those of total cholesterol, for all groups, irrespective of risk factors; - for all age groups, of both sexes, obesity was the most important risk factor.