Abstract Tilapia is one of the most important aquaculture species due to the desirable characteristics as easy reproduction and quick growth in several farming systems, including the recirculating aquaculture systems RAS. In this, the high flow of water to remove waste casually stimulates the fish to swim backset, and growth performance may be improved. Increasing the speed of swimming can improve performance within certain limits, in which however if exceeded can be harmful. Fish may be exhausted leading to impaired growth or even mortality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth performance of tilapia juveniles under sustained swimming exercise at different speeds. Additionally, the fish stocking density effect was tested in the sustained swimming exercise condition. In the first experiment, Nile tilapia juveniles were submitted in triplicates to sustained swimming exercise in speeds of control (not exercised), 1 BL/s (body length per second), 1.5 BL/s and 2 BL/s. In the second experiment, two fish stocking densities were tested in triplicates in sustained swimming exercise in speed of 2 BL/s and control not exercised. Fish growth performance was improved by sustained swimming exercise in speeds up to 2 BL/s. No expressive fish mortalities were observed in both experiments. The comparison between the two stocking densities does not allow us to safely say tilapia can be reared at stocking densities in order of 1,000 fish/m3, even under sustained swimming exercise. Other densities need to be tested.

Abstract The present study describes a method for simultaneous analysis of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene in urine samples. After solid phase extraction, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used for identification and quantification. The calibration curves were linear at 20 - 3000 ng/mL, r2 0.9997 for benzoylecgonine, 15 - 2000 ng/mL, r2 0.9985 and r2 0.9993 for cocaine and cocaethylene, respectively. Accuracy values: cocaine: 93,5 - 102,1%; benzoylecgonine: 97,5 - 104,8%; cocaethylene: 90,6 - 101,5%. Precision values: cocaine: C.V 5,4 - 14,6%; benzoylecgonine: C.V 7,8 - 12,3%; cocaethylene: C.V 5,9 - 12,3%. Detection and quantification limit values: cocaine and cocaethylene:10 ng/mL and 15 ng/mL, respectivalty; benzoylecgonine:15 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL, respectivaley. Recovery values: cocaine: 78,0 - 85,8%; benzoylecgonine: 74,0 - 79,8%; cocaethylene: 83,0 - 91,5%. The method described is advantageous compared to others, as it simultaneously detects the major analytes found in urine samples due to cocaine use and has been successfully validated.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between gestational weight gain and maternal body mass index (BMI) among Vietnamese women and the risk of delivering an infant too small or too large for gestational age. METHODS: A prospective health-facility-based study of 2989 pregnant Vietnamese women was conducted in the city of Nha Trang in 2007-2008. Cubic logistic regression was used to investigate the association of interest. Infants were classified into weight-for-gestational-age categories according to weight centiles for the Asian population. Gestational age was based on the date of last menstrual period and adjusted by the results of first-trimester ultrasound. FINDINGS: BMI was low (< 18.5), normal (18.5-22.9) and high (> 23.0) in 26.1%, 65.4% and 8.5% of the women, respectively. In each of these BMI categories, the percentage of women who delivered infants too small for gestational age was 18.1, 10.0 and 9.4, respectively, and the mean gestational weight gain was 12.5 kg (standard deviation, SD: ± 3.6), 12.2 kg (SD: ± 3.8) and 11.5 kg (SD: ± 4.7), respectively. Among women with low BMI, the risk of delivering an infant too small for gestational age ranged from approximately 40% if the gestational weight gain was < 5 kg to 20% if it was 5-10 kg. CONCLUSION: Having a low BMI, commonly found in Viet Nam, puts women at risk of delivering an infant too small for gestational age, especially when total maternal gestational weight gain is < 10 kg.

OBJETIVO: Examinar la relación existente entre el aumento de peso durante el embarazo y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de las madres en Viet Nam y el riesgo de dar a luz a niños demasiado pequeños o demasiado grandes para su edad gestacional. MÉTODOS: Se desarrolló un estudio prospectivo en 2989 embarazadas vietnamitas en centros sanitarios de la ciudad de Nha Trang entre 2007 y 2008. Se empleó una regresión logística y cúbica para investigar la asociación de interés. Los niños se clasificaron en diversas categorías según el peso para la edad gestacional, de acuerdo con los centiles de peso para la población asiática. La edad gestacional se basó en la fecha de la última menstruación y se ajustó con los resultados de la ecografía del primer trimestre. RESULTADOS: El IMC fue bajo (< 18,5), normal (18,5-22,9) y alto (> 23,0) en un 26,1%, 65,4% y 8,5% de las mujeres, respectivamente. En cada una de estas categorías de IMC, el porcentaje de madres que dio a luz a niños demasiado pequeños para su edad gestacional fue del 18,1, 10,0 y 9,4 por ciento, respectivamente, y la media del aumento de peso durante el embarazo fue de 12,5 kg (desviación estándar, DE: ± 3,6), 12,2 kg (DE: ± 3,8) y 11,5 kg (DE: ± 4,7), respectivamente. Entre las mujeres con un IMC bajo, el riesgo de dar a luz a un niño demasiado pequeño para su edad gestacional osciló entre aproximadamente un 40% si el aumento de peso durante el embarazo fue inferior a 5 kg hasta un 20% si dicho aumento fue de entre 5 y 10 kg. CONCLUSIÓN: Tener un IMC bajo, algo muy común en Viet Nam, aumenta el riesgo de dar a luz a un niño demasiado pequeño para su edad gestacional, especialmente cuando el aumento total de peso durante el embarazo es inferior a los 10 kilos.

OBJECTIF: Examiner le rapport entre l'augmentation de poids en gestation et l'indice maternel de masse corporelle (IMC) chez les femmes vietnamiennes avec le risque d'accoucher d'un enfant trop petit ou trop grand pour son âge gestationnel MÉTHODES: Une étude prospective, en établissements de soins, a été menée auprès de 2 989 femmes enceintes vietnamiennes dans la ville de Nha Trang en 2007-2008. Une régression logistique cubique a été utilisée pour rechercher l'association pertinente. Les nouveau-nés ont été classés en plusieurs catégories selon le rapport/âge gestationnel, par référence aux centiles de poids de la population asiatique. L'âge gestationnel a été basé sur la date de la dernière période menstruelle et ajusté au vu des résultats de l'échographie du premier trimestre. RÉSULTATS: L'IMC était faible (<18,5), normal (18,5 - 22,9) et élevé (³23,0) chez 26,1%; 65% et 8,5% des femmes, respectivement. Dans chacune de ces catégories d'IMC, le pourcentage de femmes qui ont accouché d'enfants trop petits pour leur âge gestationnel était respectivement de 18,1, 10,0 et 9,4, et l'augmentation moyenne de poids a été respectivement de 12,5 kg (écart des normes, EN: ±3,6), 12,2 kg (EN: ±3,8), et 11,5 kg (EN: ±4.7). Pour les femmes avec un faible IMC, le risque d'accoucher d'un enfant trop petit pour son âge gestationnel s'étendait de 40% environ si l'augmentation gestationnelle de poids était <5 kg, à 20% s'il était entre 5 et 10 kg. CONCLUSION: Un faible IMC, courant au Viet Nam, crée un risque pour les femmes d'accoucher d'un enfant trop petit pour son âge gestationnel, particulièrement quand l'augmentation gestationnelle du poids de la mère est <10 kg.

A constituição genética de cada cultivar de milho é fator preponderante para determinar o nível de dano provocado pela lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); contudo, são escassas as informações sobre o desempenho de diversas cultivares comerciais em relação ao ataque da praga. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, identificar cultivares de milho menos danificadas pela lagarta-do-cartucho em condições de campo, visando aprimorar o manejo em áreas com histórico de altas infestações da praga e fornecer subsídios para programas de melhoramento genético. O trabalho foi realizado no período da safra de verão, anos agrícolas de 2006/2007 e 2007/2008; e da safrinha, ano agrícola 2007 nos municípios de Capão Bonito (SP), Tatuí (SP) e Coroados (SP). Em cada campo experimental foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo um para híbridos simples e triplos (HST) e outro para híbridos duplos e variedades (HDV). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três e quatro repetições para HST e HDV respectivamente. Avaliou-se a injúria foliar provocada pela lagarta-do-cartucho após infestação natural, com base em escala de notas variando de 1 a 10. Constatou-se diferença significativa entre as cultivares em relação à injúria da lagarta-do-cartucho pelo teste F (P<0,05). Os resultados permitiram concluir que as cultivares DKB 390 (híbrido simples) e DKB 979 (híbrido triplo) são menos danificadas, constituindo germoplasma promissor quanto à resistência à lagarta-do-cartucho.

The genetics of maize cultivars is one of the factors that influence on damage level caused by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); however, there is no information about performance of commercial cultivars for this pest attack. The aim of the present research was to identify maize cultivars less damaged by the fall armyworm under field conditions, which could be used as an additional tool for managing the pest in areas with history of high infestations, as well as for genetic breeding programs. The experiments were accomplished during the summer season 2006/2007 and 2007/2008; and off-season 2007, in Capão Bonito (SP), Coroados (SP) e Tatuí (SP). Two experiments were set up in each area, one with simple and triple hybrids (HST) and other with double hybrids and varieties (HDV). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three and four replications for HST and HDV, respectively. The leaf injury caused by fall armyworm under natural infestation was evaluated using a rating scale ranging from 1 to 10. There were significant differences among cultivars for leaf injury, with the cultivars DKB 390 (simple hybrid) and DKB 979 (triple hybrid) being less damaged. These cultivars may serve as potential sources of resistance against the fall armyworm.